ws immunity

7/21/2019 Ws Immunity

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1. Which of the following statements about antibodies is correct?

A. Antibodies are polypeptides.

B. Antibodies are produced by the bone marrow.

C. Antibodies are pathogenic foreign substances.

D. Antibodies kill bacteria but not viruses.

(Total 1 mark)

2. Rhesus factor is an antigen present on the surface of red blood cells of Rhesus positive

individuals.

Rhesus positive Rh! " is dominant to Rhesus negative Rh#". A mother with Rhesus negativeblood gives birth to a baby with Rhesus positive blood and there are concerns that subse$uent

pregnancies will trigger an immune response.

What are the genotypes of the mother and her first baby?

Genotype of mother Genotype of first baby

A. Rh#

Rh#

Rh#

Rh#

B. Rh#

Rh#

Rh!Rh

#

C. Rh#

Rh#

Rh!Rh

!

D. Rh!Rh

#Rh

!Rh

!

(Total 1 mark)

3. What is the difference between the origin of type % and type %% diabetes?

Type I Type II

A. caused by an autoimmune reaction target cells fail to respond to insulin

B. occurs in adults only starts in childhood

C. too much insulin secreted too little insulin secreted

D. caused by dietary problems caused by hereditary factors

(Total 1 mark)

IB Questionbank Biology 1


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4. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.

(2)

a" &tate fourmolecules transported by the blood.

(4)

b" 'utline the control of the heartbeat.

(6)

c" Discuss the cause( transmission and social implications of A%D&.

(8)

(Total 20 marks)

. Where in a cell are antigens found?

A. %n the nucleus

B. %n the cytoplasm

C. %n the plasma membrane

D. 'n the surface of the )olgi apparatus

(Total 1 mark)

6. *ow do vaccines give immunity to infectious diseases?

A. +hey kill pathogenic microbes.

B. +hey produce an immune response.

C. +hey contain antibodies against pathogens.

D. +hey inhibit the antigen,antibody reaction.

(Total 1 mark)

!. a" Define the termpassive immunity.

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(1)

b" &tate one use of monoclonal antibodies in diagnosis.

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(1)

c" Define the termpathogen.

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(1)

d" 'utline why antibiotics are effective against bacteria but not against viruses.

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(2)

(Total marks)


(2)

a" Draw a labelled diagram of a mature sperm cell.

(4)

b" 'utline the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle.

(6)

c" Discuss the cause( transmission and social implications of A%D&.



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(8)

(Total 20 marks)



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". Rhesus factor is an antigen present on the surface of red blood cells of Rhesus positive

individuals.

Rhesus positive Rh!

" is dominant to Rhesus negative Rh#

". A mother with Rhesus negative

blood gives birth to a baby with Rhesus positive blood and there are concerns that subse$uent

pregnancies will trigger an immune response.

What is a possible e-planation for why subse$uent pregnancies could trigger an immune

response?

A. -posure to the Rh!antigen in the first pregnancy triggered the development of

antibodies that could attack the blood of a future Rh!baby.

B. -posure to the Rh!antigen in the first pregnancy triggered the development of specific

phagocytes that could attack the blood of a future Rh!baby.

C. +he mother has developed passive immunity to the Rh

!

factor.

D. +he mother/s immune system has been weakened by pregnancy.

(Total 1 mark)


(2)

a" 'utline the cause and transmission of A%D&.

()

b" Describe how phagocytic leucocytes may act as a defence against disease.

(4)

c" -plain the principle of homeostasis with reference to the control of body temperature.

(")

(Total 20 marks)


(2)

a" 'utline the role of the skin in temperature regulation.

()



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b" 'utline the role of hormones in the process of birth in humans.

(4)



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c" -plain the principles of vaccination.

(")

(Total 20 marks)

12. 0eutrophils are a primary defence against bacterial and fungal infection. +his defence involves

both phagocytosis and hydrogen pero-ide production. %f there is an e-cess production of

hydrogen pero-ide( tissue damage may occur.

%n hospitals( intravenous feeding of patients is often necessary and lipids form an essential part

of the solutions used. A study was undertaken to measure the impact of two different types of

lipid solutions on the activity of neutrophils in blood samples and on their production of

hydrogen pero-ide. +he two lipid solutions were tested at two different concentrations(

1.12 mg cm#3)raph A" and 1.2 mg cm#3)raph B". +he control has no lipid solutions.

4&ource5 B67rn 89ttner( 8anina :r7plin( &ina ; Coldewey(


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b" Compare the effects of the two different lipid solutions at the two different concentrations

on the percentage of neutrophils producing hydrogen pero-ide.

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(3)

c" &uggest why the addition of an increasing concentration of lipid into a hydrophilic

medium( such as the intravenous feeding solution( may be a problem.

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(1)

d" valuate the data in terms of decisions for the intravenous feeding of patients.

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(3)

(Total 8 marks)



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13. 'utline the roles of gastric acid andHelicobacter pylori in the development of stomach ulcers

and stomach cancers.

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(Total 6 marks)

14. What are two effects of *% on the immune system?

A. Reduction in antibody production and increase in active lymphocytes

B. %ncrease in antibody production and decrease in red blood cells

C. Reduction in antibody production and decrease in active lymphocytes

D. %ncrease in antibody production and increase in red blood cells

(Total 1 mark)



10/13

1. Body mass inde- B;%" is an important indicator of health. +he relationship between a high

B;% and percentage risk of developing type %% diabetes was studied and the following data

presented.

4&ource5 ColditJ( ) et al. EFF.Annals of Internal Medicine. ol E==. K>E.I

a" Describe the effect of increased B;% on the risk of developing type %% diabetes.

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(2)

b" %dentify the risk of developing type %% diabetes in men with a B;% of 33 kg m#=

.

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(1)



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c" Determine( by indicating on the graph( the range of age,ad6usted relative risk for women

who are overweight but not obese.

(1)

d" -plain the dietary advice that should be given to a patient who has developed type %%

diabetes.

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(4)

(Total 8 marks)

16. What prevents antibiotics from being effective against viruses?

A. iruses have a high rate of mutation.

B. iruses have no R0A.

C. iruses have no metabolism.

D. iruses have a protein shell that protects them.

(Total 1 mark)



12/13

1!. +he diagram below shows some stages in the production of monoclonal antibodies. What are

stages L( M and N?

4@sed with the permission of Access -cellence O the 0ational *ealth ;useumI

# $ %

A. in6ection of antibody isolation of B,cell fusion between B,cell and tumour cell

resulting in plasma cell

B. in6ection of antibody isolation of +,cell fusion between +,cell and tumour cell

resulting in plasma cell

C. in6ection of antigen isolation of +,cell fusion between +,cell and tumour cell

resulting in hybridoma cell

D. in6ection of antigen isolation of B,cell fusion between B,cell and tumour cell

resulting in hybridoma cell

(Total 1 mark)



13/13

18. *ow can active immunity be ac$uired?

A. By having the disease

B. %n6ection of antibodies

C. +hrough colostrum

D. ia placenta

(Total 1 mark)

1". What are fused in the production of monoclonal antibodies?

A. +umour cells and +,cells

B. +umour cells and B,cells

C. B,cells and +,cells

D. Antibodies and antigens

(Total 1 mark)

20. What does the nucleus of a human lymphocyte contain?

A. 'nly the genes to produce a specific antigen

B. 'nly the genes to produce a range of antibodies

C. 'nly the genes that control the growth and development of a lymphocyte

D. +he whole genetic information for a human

(Total 1 mark)


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