xenia i. loizidou. iczm, from theory to practice

www.isotech.com.cySUSCOD 2013

ICZM: from theory to practice

Xenia I. LoizidouCivil/ coastal engineer


Coastal Zone : the critical uncertainty

a field of controversyan area of high interests a sky-rocketed development assetterrestrial and marine resource efficiencya dynamic natural system


Integrated Coastal Zone ManagementIs it implementable?Possible?A prelude to conflict? (Goldberg, E. (1994))A bureaucratic invention?A strategy?A policy?


Integrate Coastal Zone ManagementICZM is a process: continuous evolutionOne of the problems: Coastal Management schemes are

based on terrestrial management approaches and attitudes

ICZM needs increased participation of stakeholders Trust and commitment


ICZM: short European historyFrom 1996 to 1999, the Commission operated a

Demonstration Programme on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) – 35 demonstration projects

The experiences and outputs of the Demonstration Programme were the basis for the ICZM Recommendation

13 March 2013: Commission takes initiative to support Blue Growth through sustainable management of marine and coastal areas – the proposed Directive for maritime spatial planning and ICZM: a common European framework for maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management in EU Member States


From theory to practice?Respecting the minimum requirements proposed by the

Directive, Member States will need to ensure that their maritime planning and coastal management supports sustainable growth, while involving relevant stakeholders and cooperating with neighboring states.

The coherent application of maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management should improve coordination between land- and sea-based activities.


Case studies: practice makes ICZM better!Case study 1: ICZM and Policy Case study 2: Site specific Technical solution within an ICZM

frameworkCase study 3: customized decision support tools, to promote

ICZM approach in decision making


Case study 1: the Akamas National Park in Cyprus


Nesting area of the sea turtles Careta careta, Chelonia mydas, and the seal monahous monahous

Hundreds of endemic species of flora and fauna


•Locals not involved in the process of the Study for the protection of Akamas Peninsula

•Locals have only been invited in the presentation of the results- suggestions

•The Akamas Peninsula National Park management report was huge (500 pages) and in English

•No funds for technical support to the locals to understand the proposals

•Benefits not clearly addressed

•Not realistic compensation scheme

•Time consuming processes


the issue is still pending. The Locals demand tourist development, claiming that “they are not going to sacrifice their children’s future for having a Natural area for the enjoyment of the tourists and the rest of Cypriots!”

22 years later.....


Study area

Pafos harbor

ALMYRA

Case study 2Coastal erosion control through the implementation of ICZM Framework – demolition of a groyne in the Almyra - Pafos case


ICZM tools The south-west coast of Pafos is a complex coastal system, with several

drivers and actors co-existing there. The need to intervene at only a sector of this coastline was a challenge. An Integrated approach was adopted in order to manage locally the

problem of erosion and beach improvement and at the same time incorporate as many parameters as possible from the surrounding area and limit impacts to the nearby coasts.

This last task was feasible, since the coast is divided by groyns which create independent, almost autonomous small littoral cells.


A four axis, ICZM based approach has been adopted: Integration: the system of the entire coastline was analysed:

Drivers/ actors, stakeholders resources, ecological issues, development trends etc

Technical design: Function of remaining structures after the demolition of groyn Design of demolition Sediment transport dynamics Coastline evolution Monitoring: design of monitoring scheme after the completion of the works

Risk management: risk analysis and prediction of the evolution of the coastline after the demolition of the structures, under the following risks: Extreme wave action Vulnerability to meteorological tides (surge) Water quality in front of the hotel

Stakeholder involvement: a stakeholder strategy was designed and implemented. The active and early involvement (from the very beginning of the project) of the stakeholders was considered as a very important factor for the success of the effort.


Result: improvement of coast through the demolition of an existing groyn: first time a technical solution for beach improvement included demolition of structures in Cyprus


West part Before demolition

West partAfter demolition


… the technical solution was successfully implemented, the ICZM scheme was over…:a pedestrian lane was constructed by the Municipality, without any consultation with coastal experts.


Case study 3: ICZM process in decision taking - the DeCyDe-4 decision support methodImportant questions:

who are the decision makers?What are their competences?

Usual problems: Sophisticated and complicated decision support tools for decision makers who do not have the competences


Decision then, is based on:

Decision makers’ intuition

Decision makers' judgment

Interests

Ignorance

Lack of having the “entire picture”

Piece-meal solutions


DeCyDe-4: the methodData BankStructure the problem/ case:

specific structure for each caseBuild the matrices“scoring through ranges”Self assessment toolWeighting: the sensitivity of the

method


Innovation: The “Scoring” of the criteria/parameters

The “scoring through ranges” approach

converts state-of parameters into indicators.

the score attributed immediately gives a reference value and relevance

instead of just a snap-shot single figure which stands for nothing but itself.

Strong gamification character

High sensitivity

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The Kouklia Case


Discussions within the community board member, while trying to “score” on DeCyDe-4- sustainability score board, led to a decision to purchase a wood shredder (€20,000) to convert green, agricultural waste – normally land-filled – to produce wood-chips.

The wood-chips were used to surface local footpaths instead of the more traditional clay pathways.


New path

Old path

The Environmental and Economic BenefitsThe shredder is producing 40t/month of chippings; exceeding the target for use as a footpath surface.

Surplus being used to mulch trees in public areas cutting evaporation and water costs for irrigation.

Land-fill costs of €8000/yr are saved & all costs to buy clay for the old paths have stopped.

The shredder will pay for itself in less than 30 months

Options for composters to convert domestic waste to compost (implement a home composting scheme in near future)


More Benefits

1. The Community Council decided to allocate more resources in Capacity Building of local society (through seminars and on-the-job workshops)

2. Networking with other Local Authorities and possibilities to do things together!

3. Maximizing the potentials of benefiting from experts / networking with groups of experts

4. Green jobs5. Extroversion of Local Council (eg this

best practice was selected and was presented in Krakow Fair for Interreg Best Practices)


ICZM is better implemented when a “number” guides the decision makers

Very specific “measurement” of impactsPossibility to easily “check” how a decision will affect the

“whole picture”


Six tips1. Site specificity: set-up the local ICZM system. Define the key coastal

issues/ problems for each area and deal with them through the

parameterization of the overall coastal system. Combine terrestrial and

marine parameters and impacts.

2. Very good knowledge and understanding of the local coastal system. Do

not transfer “recipes” from other countries or other areas. Adapt to local

system.

3. Early involvement of local stakeholders/ key actors.


4. Incorporate easy and effective tools for the prognosis of decision

impacts in the overall coastal system: from “state-of-coast” to “state-of-

coast-to-be”. A tool to make stakeholders actively involved.

5. Solution oriented ICZM plans are more easy to implement. When

planning an ICZM scheme, always include local implementation actions.

6. Commitment of key actors and decision makers for an updating

mechanism as an inherent part of any ICZM plan or strategy, in order to

keep it up-to-date and thus effective and sustainable

Six tips – cont’d


Thank you!Xenia I. [email protected]

xenia i. loizidou. iczm, from theory to practice

Technology