yojana&kurukshetra april iasbaba

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    Yojana & Kurukshetra, April-2016-IASbaba

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    Preface

    This is our 13th

     edition of Yojana Gist and the 4th

     edition of Kurukshetra Gist,

    released for the month of April, 2016. Both the magazines are increasinglyfinding a place in the questions of both UPSC Prelims and Mains and therefore,

    we’ve come up with this initiative to equip you with knowledge that’ll help you

    in your preparation for the CSE.

    Every Issue deals with a single topic comprehensively sharing views from a

    wide spectrum ranging from academicians to policy makers to scholars. The

    magazine is essential to build an in-depth understanding of various socio-

    economic issues.

    From the exam point of view, however, not all articles are important. Some go

    into scholarly depths and others discuss agendas that are not relevant for your

    preparation. Added to this is the difficulty of going through a large volume of

    information, facts and analysis to finally extract their essence that may be

    useful for the exam.

    We are not discouraging from reading the magazine itself. So, do not take this

    as a document which you take read, remember and reproduce in the

    examination. Its only purpose is to equip you with the right understanding.

    But, if you do not have enough time to go through the magazines, you can rely

    on the content provided here for it sums up the most essential points from all

    the articles.

    You need not put hours and hours in reading and making its notes in pages. We

    believe, a smart study, rather than hard study, can improve your preparation

    levels.

    Think, learn, practice and keep improving! That is the key to success

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    A SANJEEVANI FOR LIVE STOCK SECTOR 

    The vibrant Indian livestock sector

     

    Indian agricultural system— predominantly a mixed farming system, with the

    livestock segment supplementing farm incomes by providing employment, draught

    animals and manure.

      Live stock is one of the fastest growing components of agriculture

      India’s milk production: Highest in the world— with nearly 21.5 crore cattle’s, it

    occupies premier position in its livestock wealth.

      Egg production stood at 78.84 billion

      Fisheries constitute for one percent of GDP

    Budget initiatives for livestock sector:

    1. 

    Pashudhan Sanjivini

      Animal wellness programme—to increase productivity by improving the health

      Issuance of animal health cards

    2.  Nakul swasthya patra

    Health card- help dairy farmers to keep a record of his livestock, as well as

      information regarding age and dates on which to carry out vaccination ,

      artificial insemination and generic background of the bull or semen used

    (First step towards scientific management of animals in India)

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    3.  E-Pashudhan haat

    E-portal for farmers for connecting directly to breeders, eliminating middle men and

    bring in simplicity and transparency.

    4.  National genomic centre: 

    Promise of unleashing the potential of many neglected breeds of cattle which would

    eventually help the farmers to improve their dairying productivity by inculcating the

    traits of disease resistance and climate resilience

    Most of the Indians being small farmers, having less than two hectares of land, and this

    coupled with further deterioration in future restricts the famers to derive benefits from crop

    production Livestock will thus form important source of income

    Small farmers owning three fourth of cattle wealth will infuse a rapid growth in this sector

    and will have a multiplier effect on agriculture and hence rural prosperity.

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    A BOOST TO ORGANIC FARMING

      Viability of agriculture and its accelerated growth is vital for employment generation

    and food security of the country. Reviving the farm sector is a major challenge and as

    of 2011 census farm sector accounts for 54.6 percent of total employment.

      The decline in the absolute number of cultivators is putting the pressure on the

    government for increased budgetary support.

    Growth of organic farming in India

      India is bestowed with abundant potential to produce all varieties of organic

    products due to its varied agro climatic regions.

      Total area under organic cultivation is 47.2 lakh crore. (17 fold increase in one

    decade)

     

    Need of the hour is to use the bio resources that India is bestowed with, judiciously.

      Crop protection is the main concern in organic production. There are more than 200

    plant species in our country which can be used effectively for management of pests

    among them Neem is the most important trees which has the greatest potential for

    disease and insect pest management in India.

     

    There is a need to fine tune the traditional package and practices of crop production

    with the available knowledge inputs about the potentialities of bio resources.

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    Challenges of organic farming:

      Lack of post harvest technology, supply chain, branding and certification of produce

      Lack of private investment and appropriate aggregation model for marketing of

    produce

    Under such circumstances the union budget has rightly focussed its attention on agriculture

    and rural sector. Budget also gave boost to organic farming through various schemes and

    initiatives.

    1.  Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)

      The programme aims for promotion of traditional farming to rejuvenate Indian

    agriculture. It was started in the year 2015-16 with an allocation of 300 crore and

    was increased to 412 crores in 2016-17

     

    It is a cluster based programme to encourage group of farmers to take up organic

    farming. In three years it aims to form 10000 clusters and cover 5 lakh acres under

    organic farming.

      In addition, other continuing programmes and schemes of the central government

    like-

     

    National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture,

      Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana ,

      Mission for integrated Development for Horticulture,

      National Mission on Oil seeds and Oil palm,

      Network project on organic farming of ICAR …are also helping in promotion of

    organic farming.

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    2.  Organic value chain development in North-Eastern region

      It aims at development of certified organic production in a value chain mode to link

    growers with consumers and to support development of entire value chain.

      Efforts will be made to convert subsistence farming to commercial organic farming

    with end to end facilities.

      It aims to make north-east as major supplier of organic commodities for national and

    international markets.

      Organic park zone will be developed with facilities for collection aggregation, value

    addition, processing, and storage and market linkages for specific commodities

    requiring capital intensive technology.

      With its strategic location and cultural diversity north-east is one of the few regions

    in India where the use of chemical fertilizers is meagre. Hence the development of

    organic farming in this region is more advantageous.

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    Bringing health to the underprivileged

    Health care scenario is India:

     

    India is placed at 95th rank in Nutrition and Basic medical care segment of the social

    progress index and 120th position on health and wellness segment (lesser than

    Bangladesh and BRICS)

      India’s health care spending is about 1.3 percent of GDP, compared to 3% in China

    and 8 percent in US and EU

     

    India also aims to increase the health spending by 2.5 percent of GDP by 2020 as per

    Draft national policy.

    The bright spots in the budget from health care perspective were: The focus on health

    insurance which is going to address India’s Out of Pocket outlay problem. Out of pocket

    outlays refer to direct cash outlays by individuals for health care. It is 70 percent in India

    compared to 12 percent in US. 

    However government is taking steps like

      Rashtriya Swasthya Suraksha Yojana: it is a cashless health insurance scheme which

    cover up to 30000 per annum for BPL families employed in 11 occupational groups in

    the unorganised sector and MGNREGA workers. In the present budget- allocation

    has been increased to 1500 crores which is 152 percent hike from previous budget.

      The Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana: It aims to address the regional

    imbalances in the availability of affordable health care facilities. The focus on

    underserved states includes the setting up of six AIIMS like institutions in Bhopal,

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    Bhubaneswar, Jodhpur, Patna, Raipur and Rishikesh and upgradation of 70 existing

    government medical colleges in PMSSY (Phases 1, 2, 3 and 4)

      Jan Aushadhi Stores (JAS): it offers affordable generic medicines. The biggest

    challenge however is that most doctors do not prescribe generic medicines. There is

    a need to launch advocacy measures to generate awareness level among public as to

    sensitize the doctors.

      National Dialysis Services Programme: To provide dialysis services in all district

    hospitals. To reduce the cost, the Finance Minister proposed to exempt certain parts

    of dialysis equipment from basic customs duty, excise/CVD and SAD.

    Suggestions:

    The following steps should be taken— 

      Infrastructure to tackle the shortage of community and public health centres

      Training of more professionals to arrest the lack of man power to treat patients at

    PHC’s 

      Increase in the insurance coverage – generation of more awareness campaigns

      India has only 9 hospital beds per 10000 populations compared with 41 in china and

    91 in Russia. This needs to improve.

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    North-East Region

    Destination North-East – 2016

     

    Organised in Delhi for the first time in New Delhi by the Ministry of Development of

    North-Eastern Region (DoNER) and Ministry of Culture.

      Main Objective – To showcase the inherent economic, social and cultural strength of

    the North East Region at national level

    Highlights –

     

      Initiatives taken for development of North-Eastern Region

      Holistic Development of Tourism in the North-East - Exploring the Unexplored

      Opportunities for IT & ITES in the region

      Enhancing scope of livelihood

      Micro Finance for inclusive growth

     

    Start-up opportunities & challenges in NER

      Need-based Skill Development & entrepreneurship promotion

      Growing up value chain from Handloom to fabrics to Garments

      North-East folk music & dance

      Business Summit for sectors like – 

      Tourism

      Agriculture

     

    Food Processing

      Skill Development & Entrepreneurship

      IT

      Handloom & Handicrafts

      Livelihood

      Micro –Finance

      Start ups

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    Paryatak Mitra Programme

    Launched by: Ministry of Tourism

    Aim: For College going students to inculcate appropriate tourism traits and knowledge and

    to enable them to act/work as Tourist Facilitators (Paryatak Mitra)

    The development and promotion of tourism is primarily the responsibility of the State

    Governments/Union Territory Administrations.

    Highway Projects in North-Eastern Region

      Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to give loan for widening and

    upgradation of National Highways in the region

      Various road improvement projects to speed up road construction taken up by the

    Centre under Special Accelerated Road Development Programme for North East

    (SARDP-NE)

      Government has also adopted Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC)

    mode of contract To speed up the projects

    Tikhor Park

    Where: Guwahati University and NEHU, Shillong

    Why:

      To preserve the legacy of the 12th

     South Asian Games

      Tikhor was mascot of 12th

     SAG

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    Prelims oriented:

    Unified National Agricultural Market

      Implemented by Department of Agriculture & Cooperation through Small Farmers

    Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC)

      Integration of agri-markets across the country through e-platform

      Through this new initiative farmers can discover the price and would be able to sell

    their produce at a higher price and at anytime and anywhere.

    Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana: Aims to provide 100 percent electricity

    connections to rural households by 2018 

    National digital literacy mission and Digital Saksharta

    This programme aims to empower at least one person from every household with digital

    literacy skills by 2020.

    Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA)

      Aims to help Panchayat Raj institutions deliver sustainable development goals. The

    details of the programme are yet to be announced but the provision of 655 crore

    may be used for Panchayat Shasktikaran.

      Under this scheme, every district and every village will

      locally produce clothes for children,

      provide textile machinery training in every village

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      promote indigenously manufactured clothes

    By this scheme, typically age old agrarian village economy will be converted in to small scale

    industrial economy.

    Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana

    This scheme aims to impart skill to 1 crore youth over next 3 years from current 24 lakh.

    Clean Street Food Project

    Launched by: Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) and Ministry of Skill

    Development & Entrepreneurship

    Aim: To raise safety standards of food sold on streets across New Delhi by training roadside

    vendors on aspects of health & hygiene

    Under: Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) category of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana

    (PMKVY)

    Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana

    Upliftment of urban and rural poor through enhancement of livelihood opportunities

    through skill development and other means

      Imparting skills with an expenditure of Rs.15,000 – Rs.18,000 on each urban poor;

      Promotion of self-employment through setting up individual micro-enterprises and

    group enterprises with interest subsidy for individual projects costing Rs.2.00 lakhs

    and Rs.10.00 lakhs for group enterprises. Subsidized interest rate will be 7%;

      Training urban poor to meet the huge demand from urban citizens by imparting

    market oriented skills through City Livelihood Centres. Each Centre would be given a

    capital grant of Rs.10.00 lakhs.

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      Enabling urban poor form Self-Help Groups for meeting financial and social needs

    with a support of Rs.10,000/- per each group who would in turn be helped with bank

    linkages;

      Development of vendor markets besides promotion of skills of vendors; and

      Construction of permanent shelters for urban homeless and provision of other

    essential services.

    Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission

      It is an ambitious scheme to transform rural areas to economically, socially and

    physically sustainable spaces.

      The Mission aims at development of rural growth clusters which have latent

    potential for growth, in all States and UTs, which would trigger overall development

    in the region.

      These clusters would be developed by provisioning of economic activities,

    developing skills & local entrepreneurship and providing infrastructure

    amenities. The Rurban Mission will thus develop a cluster of Smart Villages.

      The mission aims to create 300 such Rurban growth clusters over the next 3 years,

    across the country.

      The funding for Rurban Clusters will be through various schemes of the Government

    converged into the cluster.

      The SPMRM will provide an additional funding support of up to 30 percent of the

    project cost per cluster as Critical Gap Funding (CGF) as Central Share to enable

    development of such Rurban clusters.

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    National Land Record Modernization Programme

      The main objective of the NLRMP is to develop a modern, comprehensive and

    transparent land records management system in the country with the aim to

    implement the conclusive land-titling system with title guarantee.

      The major components of the programme are

    o  Computerization of all land records including mutations.

    o  Digitization of maps and integration of textual and spatial data

    Survey/re-survey and updating of all survey and settlement records including

    creation of original cadastral records wherever necessary.

    o  Computerization of registration and its integration with the land records

    maintenance system.

    o  Development of core Geospatial Information System (GIS) and capacity

    building.