第三章 1990-1997 的流行音樂產業產銷結構轉變 · pdf...
TRANSCRIPT
32
1990-1997
ICRT
1 0
2
3
1988
know-how(strategic importance of specific areas)4
5
6
1990-1997
19901997
33
Keith Negus 1996
7
8
1989
910
1998
1995 Segram EMI 1990
1995 1996 (EEI) 1993 EMI
SONY 1993 SONY
BMG 1991
RCAArista 11
1993
1999
1995
34
1993
Fujisankei1993
1998
199891%25%65%12
35
3-1
(Sony) ()
1993
(EMI) ()
1990 1993 1995 1996
Virgin
(Universal) ()
1995 1995 1997
(MCA) Segram
(Warner) ()
1993-1998 1998
(BMG) ()
1991 1996
(Polygram) ()
1990 1998
Segram
36
1990-1997
talent scountA&R(Artist & Repertoire)A&R
13
PUB
DEMO
Keith Negus(Information networks)14
37
EMI
Bill Ryan(name-based)15
16 17
Simon Frith
(talent spotters)1819
Roy Shuker
20
38
A&R
in-house
out-sourcing
21
SONY22
39
23
24
A&R(artist & repertoire)
A&R
25
Paul Hirsch26
John Ryan
Richard Peterson
40
A&R
27
A&R
A&R
A&R
Keith Negus28
MTV 29
30
31
32 MTVAndrew Goodwin
MTV33
41
Simon FrithMTV34FrithMTV
35
36
1996
37
John Ryan Richard Peterson
38
1990-1997
50 800
1990-1997
42
1996 100 39
43
401990-199767001996800199916002000-400041
40
1/31/215
42
3-2
3-10 200
300-400 MTV 200-300 100 200-300 100-200
1994
44
43199344
(TV surfing)
(payola)45
TVBSMTV906050402300150046
2300500/
VCD
VCD47
481996IFPI100-150
1999
45
10
CD3500049
83-86
CDCOPY50
Ryan
46
51
52
/
1990-1997
1990-1997
400 53
/
54
Roy Shuker
47
55
(symbiosis)(niche)
5657
1990-1997
48
(non-rival)
(Indefinitely Expansible)
MSTMusic Copyright Intermediary Society of Chinese Taipei
1999 58
Music Publishers Association Of Chinese Taipei 6 59
1990-1997KTV
packageKTV60KTVKTVKTV 8 KTV 300011061
KTV
Nicholas Garnham
62
/
49
400 /
400 1990-1997
50
63
64
65
66
40
67
68Keith Negus (hip retailers)69
51
Keith Negus 22 9( 90 Warner Music BMG)70
1991 3,545 1996 3,445 71
72
73
CD MP3
CD CD 2300 CD CD
52
(boom time) 400
3-3 1990-1997 1990 23.1 141.7 3,707.6 1991 30.1 223.9 5,734.0 1992 43.1 326.3 8,352.0 1993 36 270.7 7,043.4 1994 45.6 337.8 8,930.4 1995 41.5 336.4 8,912.9 1996 47.3 415.6 11,401.7 1997 48.1 427.8 12,332.3
90 1990 1997 1990 2300
1997 4700 1061990 1 4170 1997 4 2780 123 201
74
KTV
75
53
KTV KTV
1997 123 22 2
300 76
U2
1996 13 2000
77
78
54
79
80
81
55
1990-19971997
Michael Porter
82
80 123
1990-1997
/
//
83
56
A&R84
know-how851990-1997
86
1998
CD2000P2PKuroezPeer
1998
57
1 199919992002 2 1970 -1994
1976
80 3 1982 1983 1984 4 Keith Negus, K. Producing Pop: Culture and Conflict in the Popular Music Industry. London: Routledge. 1992. p8. 5 125 54-711998 6 19961998199819991999 7 Keith Negus. Popular Music in Theory. London: Wesleyan Univ. Press. 1996. 164-189. 8 Robert Burnett. The Global Jukebox: the International Music Industry. London: Routledge. 1996. ; Pekka Gronow. The Record Industry: the Growth of a Mass Medium. Popular Music Ed. R. Middleton & D. Horn. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1983. 53-66. 9 10 Decca 11 1996 1998 12 1999170 13 1996 14 Keith Negus1992 Keith Negus PUB DEMO (raw talent)(discovery & development) 15 Bill Ryan. Making Capital from Culture: the Corporate from of Capitalist Culture Production. New York: Walter deGruyter, 1991.198 16 Keith Negus1992 Geoffrey Hull. The Recording Industry. Boston: Ally & Bacon, 1998. 17 Hull 1234 18 Simon Frith. Sound Effects. New York: Pantheon. 1981. 19 OSullivan, Tim 1997John W. Ryan & Richard A. Peterson. The Product Image: the Fate of Creativity in Country Music Song Writing. Sage Annual Reviews of Communication Research. 10(1982): 11-32. Hartley 12345(constituency)(mass) Gillett Ryan Peterson
58
20 Richard A. Peterson & David G. Berger. Cycles in Symbol Production: the Case of Popular Music. On Record: Rock, Pop, and the Written Word Ed. Simon Frith. & Andrew Goodwin. London: Routledge, 1975. 140-159.Heiki Hellman. The new state of competition in the record industry. Sociologia, 20.4 (1983): 355-367.
(symbiosis) 21 2002 22
1999 9 4 567-5932001 23 1999 24 23 25 2004 26 Keith Negus1996 36-65 27 2004 28 Keith Negus1996 36-65 29 1995 30 56 105-1341998 31 1995 32 2004 33 Andrew Goodwin. Rationalization and Democratization in the New Technologies of Popular Music Popular Music & Communication. Ed. James, Lull. London: Sage. London: Sage, 1992. 75-100 34 Keith Negus, 1992 35 CHEERS2000 36 2004 37 38 Richard A. Peterson & David G. Berger1983 39 2004 40 Keith Negus1992 41 Richard A. Peterson & David G. Berger1983 42 Richard A. Peterson & David G. Berger1983 43 : 2000 Kiss Radio ( Hit FM)
44 2004
59
45 2004 FCC(payola)80
46 216 56-631999 47 2000 48 Jacques Attali (1995) 49 Richard A. Peterson & David G. Berger1983 50 Onlinehttp://www.musicmusic.com.tw/ap/news/home.php?cate=2&type=812004/11/7 51 2004 52 53 54 2000 55 Roy Shuker. Understanding the Music. London: Routledge. 1994. 56 57 Robert Burnett. The Implications of Ownership: Changes for Concentration and Diversity in the Phonogram Industry. Communication Research 19.6 (1992): 749-769Paul D. Lopes. Innovation and Diversity in the Popular Music Industry: 1969 to 1990. American Sociological Review. 57(1992): 46-71. 58 http://www.must.org.tw/index.htm 59 http://www.mpa-taipei.org.tw/ 60 KTV Onlinehttp://ba.lm.fju.edu.tw/ba/37report/bp/BK9202.pdf2005/1/16 61 KTV KTV 246 2002 62 Nicholas Garnham. Capitalism and Communication. Global Culture and the Economics of Information. London: Sage. 1990. 162-163 63 Keith Negus1992 64 1996 65 2000 (Tower) 1992
66 1998 67 http://www.asia-records.com.tw/ 68 1996 69 Keith Negus1992 70 Keith Negus. Music Genres and Corporate Cultures. London: Routledge. 1999. 31-62. 71 2001 72 Keith Negus1992 Keith Negus 1980 WoolworthsWH SmithBoots HMVOur Price/Virgin Tower 1991 (British Phonographic Industry, BPI)
73
60
2003 2003 74 - 149-2242000 75 V.S 1998/8 38-47 76 1994/5/24 1994/5/24 77 2000 1996/6/19 78 2002 79 1996 80 19951994 12 81 1999 82 Porter, M.(2002) 83 + 2003 84 2001 85 B2C Online http://www.find.org.tw/trend_disp.asp?trend_id=10732003/10/7-Onlinehttp://www.etaiwannews.com/Forum/2003/04/23/1051426160.htm 86 19951994 12