חלקיק טעון בשדה אלקטרומגנטי. 1d electric field constant electric field...
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חלקיק טעוןבשדה
אלקטרומגנטי
1D electric field
Constant electric field
Potential electric field
Constant magnetic field
NR
Constant perpendicular fields
Change frame
Drifts (NR)
Gradient drift
2BBB dd VV
Curvature drift
Drift currents:
yBB ˆ: 0
gdy
dB
eB
cmvBr cos
gg
g eB
cmv
B
Bvr cos
gg eB
cmvyr cosˆ
gggcgd dvyfej 2
0
, xvv gg ˆcos
ggd dxeB
cmv
dy
dffvej
2
0
0 ˆcos
gg ddy
df
eB
cmve
2
0
22
cosdy
df
B
cmv
dy
df
eB
cemv
22
22
g
rg zB ˆ||
x
y
At y=0, for any given particle we have:
where : is the Assume to lowest order f is independent of g, and dependent just
on y.
gcgyf ,
ggd dxeB
cmv
dy
dffvej
2
0
0 ˆcos
gg ddy
df
eB
cmve
2
0
22
cos
dy
df
B
cmv
dy
df
eB
cemv
22
22
is the phase space density of particles whos gyro center
is ygc and gyro phase is g.
Assume to lowest order f is independent of g, and dependent just on y.
gcgyf ,
Note that the drift current does not depend on the particle’s charge, just on their mass.
Adiabatic invariants 1
Adiabatic invariants 1I
Adiabatic invariants III
First invariant
Magnetic bottle and loss cone
Second invariant
Fermi acceleration
Third invariant
drift shell orbits
nonadiabatic examples
1. shock transition
2. inhomogeneous E
Coulomb collisions
תדירות ההתנגשויות
runaway
1. Charged particle in a planar electromagnetic wave (relativistic)a) linear polarizationb) circular polarization
2. Van Allen belt currents
3. Curvature drift in pulsars
4. Gyroradii of cosmic rays near Earth