1

2011

30GPa 330 GPa 360 GPa 5 GPa 40GPa4740 GPa 2250 GPa 680 GPa 880 GPa

3-1X)X

http://prwww.spring8.or.jp/intro_sr/page3_1a.shtml

SPring-8X

X/X1X(2)() (3)X

XAFSXXAFSX-ray Absorption Fine StructureXXANESXEXAFSX1XXXX2XANESEXAFSEXAFSX3

XX(1)XXX(1)XX21.0mmXXCTX31mmXCT

MAX80 at Photon Factory

Ge-SSDwhite X-rayMAX-III apparatus installed at PF

SPEED 1500 at Spring-8

SPEED-MkII at Spring-8MAX-IIIMAX 80SPEED1500SPEED Mk-IISMAP ISMAP IIPF BL14C2PF-ARNE5CSPring-8 BL04B1SPring-8 BL14B1SPring-8 BL22XU///700 ton300 ton1500 ton180 ton180 tonorPFBL-14C2+MAX-III

Starting materialpowder of natural enstatite, (Mg0.99, Fe0.01)SiO3 Pressure measurementLattice constant of NaCl (Decker,1971), Au (Anderson et al, 1989)

Sample assembly18SPring-8SPEED-1500XXX

ZrO2MgOReMoGraphite(Mg0.99Fe0.01)SiO3NaClAu0.5GPaNaClW3%Re-25%Re

Kinetics of the a-b transformation in Mg2SiO4Experimental Setup

X : 23keV : 6mm & 4mmExperimental MethodHigh pressure apparatus :Diamond anvil cell

Pressure measurement : Ruby or diamond Raman pressure scale (Mao et al., 1978); mean values before and after heatingTemperature measurement : Spectrometric method using radiationHigh temperature apparatus :Nd:YAG laser (=1.064 m, heating spot size: 50 mStarting material : Fe+MgSiO3Culet size 150, 350 mDiamondDiamondGasketReSample(Fe-18 wt.% Si)Pressure medium(Al2O3)Nd:YAG laser (=1.064 m, heating spot size: 50 mMethod 16

=0.4108(1)=0.4108(1)=0.4109(1)=0.4109(1)=0.4109(1)Typical X-ray diffraction profile for Fe-9.8 wt% Ni-4.0 wt% Si under high pressures at ambient temperature25Diffraction patterns of Fe-9.8wt%Ni-4wt%Si at 300 KThe hcp phase is stable at the pressure of the center of the Earth300K

A diamond anvil compressed at 374 GPa and 300 KAsanuma et al. (2009, AIRAPT)2-3. Experimental procedureX

XXXXVPXX23

BL35XU Optics: Baron et al. (2000)Si (9, 9, 9) and Si(11,11,11) Instrument configurationX-ray beam size 70x70 m2302424Inelastic X-ray scattering of Iron and Iron-light element alloysFiquet et al. (2001) Fe-Vp to 102 GPaAntonangelli et al. (2004) Fe Anisotropy of Vp Badro et al. (2007) Fe, FeS, FeSi etcFiquet et al. (2009) Fe3C Antonangelli et al. (2010) FeNiSi to 70GPaphotonphotonphononQE2 k2E1 k1Energy transfer E1-E2= EMomentum transfer k1-k2 =QQE1-200meVnm-1Sound velocityBaron @BL35XU, Spring-8Sound velocity of Earth materialsUltrasonicBrillouin scatteringNRIXS (Nuclear Resonance Inelastic X-ray Scattering)IXS (Inelastic X-ray scattering)2857Fe

205 GPa121 GPa91 GPa43 GPa0.1 MPa

Mitsui et al. (2007) JJAP, 46, L382.QS = 1.1 mm/sQS = 1.4 mm/sQS = 1.0 mm/sH = 51.4 TQS = 0.2 mm/sH = 51.1 TQS = 0.4 mm/sP>200 GPa

252 GPa57Fe2O357FeIS = -0.85 mm/sE.T. = 2 hr.152657FeXMitsui et al. (2007) JJAP, 46, L930.EnergyVV57Fe-XSmirnov et al. (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 5811.Mitsui et al. (2007) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 46, L821.IgIe14.4 keVE~neV

57FeBO3@ ~ Neel temp. External magnetic field27FeBO3(333)

11XU09XU11XU

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BL11XU

(SC)NMCEnergyv57Fe-MS14.4 keVNMC0.001(0.02 mrad, 4 arcs)BL10XUXRD57Fe-MSXXRDMS X1030 min.!? BL10XU etc.

XDAC (IP/CCD)XRDIN OUT

14.4 keV(43.2 keV)GC-CRL0.004(0.06 mrad, 13 arcs)SU8-CRL0.01(0.2 mrad, 38 arcs)@BL10XU281 deg. = 60 min. = 3600 sec.1/60 deg. = 1 min. = 60 sec.1/3600 deg. = 1 sec.

High-pressure Brillouin scattering using DACDiamond Anvil Cell (DAC) apparatusAr laser (514.5nm)6-pass tandem Fabry-Perot interferometer

High-pressure Brillouin scattering systemA12

NeptuneIce volcanism in Triton

Satellites of Jupitor: Gallian satelliteIoCallistoEuropaGanimedePhotos by Voyager 2 9

EGU 2005 Vienna

6

Future perspective for Neutron study in J-PARC Hydrogen in magma and fluid: structural and radiography studiesHydrogen in minerals and transport of water into the deep mantle Narture of hydrogen bonding of various hydrous silicates and oxides at high pressure and temperature Effect of H in transformation kinetics: Diffraction studyNew system for Neutron studies: DIA type multianvil apparatus in J-PARC; diffraction and imaging in the range exceeding 15 GPa