第 22 讲 弱电解质的电离
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第 22 讲 弱电解质的电离. 一、弱电解质的电离平衡 1 ．电离平衡的建立 在一定条件 ( 如温度、浓度 ) 下，当弱电解质分子电离成离子的速率和离子结合成弱电解质分子的速率 时，电离过程达到了平衡状态。. 相等. 2 ．电离平衡的特征. 3 ．浓度、温度对电离平衡的影响 (1) 电离是一个 的过程，因此，升高温度能 弱 电解质的电离。 (2) 加水稀释能 弱电解质的电离。. 吸热. 促进. 促进. [ 思考 · 感悟 ] 1 ．稀醋酸加水稀释时溶液中的所有离子浓度一定减小吗？ - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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22
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1()
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2
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3(1) (2)
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[]1[]c(H)c(OH)2.K
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1(1)HAHA HAK (2)BOH BOH BOHK
eq \f(cHcA,cHA)
eq \f(cOHcB,cBOH)
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2(1)KK (2)K (3)K1K2
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[]3HFHNO27.21044.6104HFHNO2[]HFHFHNO2NaFNaNO2pH?
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10.1 molL1 CH3COOHCH3COOHCH3COOH()ABNaOHC0.1 molL1 HClc(H)DCH3COONa B
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2(K) ()A(K)B(K)C(K)DK1K2K3A
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D
3 ()
ANaHSO4NaHSOeq \o\al(2,4)
BNaHCO3===NaHCOeq \o\al(2,3)
CHClO===HClO
DH2SHHSHSHS2
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4(1) ()(2) ()(3) ()(4) ()(5)()
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5 HNO3
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6CH3COOHNH3H2OBaSO4Al(OH)3
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
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pH
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2HA
(1)0.01mol L-1HApHpH=2HApH2HA(2)NaApHpH=7HApH7HA(3)HAHCl()HCl(4)pHHAHClpHpHHCl(5)pHHAH2H2H2H2(6)pHHAHAHAHA
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1(2011)(HX)()A0.1 mol/L HXpHpH1HXBNaXpH7HXC1 mol/L NaXpHpH7HXD0.1 mol/L0.1 mol/LHXHXHXB
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2 0.1 mol/LCH3COOHCH3COOH H++CH3COO-(-)
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c(CH3COOH)c(CH3COO-)c(H+)HClNaOHZn
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2(2011)0.1 molL-1pH=apH=(a+1)()A10BC0.2 mol L-1DB
- (1)(2)pH(3)CH3COOHCH3COO-+H+10c(H+)pH1H+c(H+)pH1pH
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3.KOHHClCH3COOHNH3H2OHClCH3COOH( )3D
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HClHAcNH3H2OHClNH4ClHClHAcNH4AcHClHAcNH3H2O D
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CH3COOHNH3H2OH2O(CH3COO)2PbHgCl2
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B
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AABKa=c(CH3COO-)c(H+)/c(CH3COOH)c(H+)=KW/c(OH-)c(CH3COO-)KW/c(CH3COOH)c(OH-)=KaKWBCc(H+)CD10 mL pH=11NaOHpH7D
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D
2.(2011)0.1 molL1 HF( )
Ac(H) BKa(HF)
C.eq \f(cF,cH) D.eq \f(cH,cHF)
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B
3.0.1 mol/LHA0.1%( )
ApH4
BpH
C1107
DHAc(H)c(H)106
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HAc(H)0.10.1% molL1104 molL1pH4AHAc(H)pHBCKeq \f(cHcA,cHA)1107Cc(H)104molL1c(H)1010molL1106D
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4.1 LpH20.65 g( )C
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5.(2011)H2AH2BHA-HB-( )ANaHB+H2A===H2B+NaHABNa2B+H2A===H2B+Na2ACH2B+Na2A===Na2B+H2ADH2B+NaHA===NaHB+H2AA
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6.(2011)( )A.c(H+)>B.100pHC.pH=7D.c(CH3COO-)>c(H+)>c(Na+)>c(OH-)V(NaOH)>V(CH3COOH)D
0.1 mol/L NaOHpH=11 NaOH0.1 mol/L CH3COOHpH=3 CH3COOH
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7.(2011)( )ApH=3c(Cl-)pH=3c(CH3COO-)BpHc(H+)C0.1 mol/L0.1 mol/LDpH=11NaOHpH=11100pHC