វចនានុក្រមបច្ចេកទេស ២

PaKTI 2 Exµr-Gg;eKøs

Part Two: Khmer – English

sTÞanuRkmesdækic© PaKTI 2

105

k kk/ bgák freeze, bgákebovtSr_ ¬min[cuHeLIg¦ wage freeze

kkkuj/ PaB bottleneck

kk; v. deposit

kk;/ R)ak; n. deposit, ~ mun advance deposit kekIt/ kar inception

kgVl; n. concern

kgVH n. lack, ~ tulüPaB lack of balance,

~ TMnukcitþ lack of confidence

kgVH n. shortage, ~ TMgn; shortage in weight kgVH ¬]> fvika¦ shortfall

kgVHxat n. shortcoming ( characteristics/ quality of sth or s.o)

kBa©b;fvika package budget

kBa©b;ebovtSr_ ¬ebovtSr_ nigR)ak;]btßmÖepSg² sMrab;kargarGVImYy¦ pay/salary package

kBa©b;ExSTsSnkic© package tour kBa©úM cluster, smasFaturYmCa ~ cluster of elements kNþal adj. central, FnaKar ~ central bank kt;Rta n. record

kt;Rta/ Edlmin)an unrecorded

kt;Rtaxag\NTan v. credit

kt;Rtaxag\NBn§ v. debit

kt;RtabBaú©HtMélRTBüskmµ ¬kñúgbBa¢IKNenyü¦

v. write down

kt;sMKal;/ KYr[ noticeable, karERbRbYl ~ noticeable change ktikasBaØa ¬kic©RBmeRBogCapøÚvkar¦ pact

ktþa factor

ktþacMNUlbzm primary factor income

ktþaeFVIeGaymansßirPaBCasV½yRbvtþi built-in stabilisers ktþabMElgsþg;dar standard-conversion factor (SCF)

ktþaplTunbreTssuT§ net foreign factor income (NFFI) ktþaplitkmµbzm primary factor of production ktþarUbvnþ physical factor

ktþþatMél factor cost, ~ bzm primary factor cost k®nþkTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer basket

kEnøg place

kEnøg ¬eFVIkar¦ TMenr vacancy

kEnøglk;ecj outlet

kmµkr worker, workman

kmµkrkMBg;Ep docker, stevedore

kmµnþsal manufacture, TMnij ~ manufactured goods kmµnþsalkmµ manufacturing

kmµvtßú n. objective

kmµviFICMnYybreTs foreign-aid programme

Economic Lexicon Part 2 sTÞanuRkmesdækic© PaKTI 2

106

kmµviFIneya)ay ¬rbs;KNbkS¦ political platform, platform

kmµviFIbBaÄb;BlkredaykgVHkargar redundancy programme

kmµviFIskmµPaB programme of action

kmµviFI\NTanpÞal; direct-lending schemes

kmµvi)ak ¬m> TNÐkmµ¦ sanction

kmµvis½yPaB objectivity

kmµsikSakarI trainee or intern (US)

kmµsiTæi ownership

kmµsiT§i/ kar)anmkCa acquisition

kmµsiT§ikr rW m©as; owner, proprietor (of a house, business...)

kmµsiT§iKµankalkMNt; freehold property

kmµsiT§idIFøI land ownership

kmµsiT§ibBaØa intellectual property

kmµsiT§iRsbc,ab; legal ownership

krNIKµanlT§PaBsg event of default

krNIbnÞan;/ kñúg in case of emergency

krNIyutþisaRsþ n. ¬tulakar¦ precedent

ksag/ CalkçN³ constructive, karTieton ~ constructive criticism

ksageKalneya)ay/ kar policy formulation ksagCasßab½n v. institutionalise

ksag¼eFVI BiesssMrab;GtifiCnNamñak; custom-built/made

ksikmµ agriculture, RksYg ~ rukçaRbmaj;

nigensaT Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries ksikmµRKan;EtmYyrs; ¬m> CIvRBwtþi/ ksikmµ¦ subsistence agriculture

ksidæan farm, brikçar ~ farm equipment

ksipl rW plitplksikmµ agricultural product ksi-BaNiC¢kmµ agribusiness

ksi-]sSahkmµ agro-industry

kaksMNl; waste, ~ rav liquid waste, ~ rwg solid waste katBVkic© obligation, man ~ to have the

obligation, Ca ~ obligatory

katBVkic©/ Ca compulsory, karRtYtBinitü ~ compulsory inspection kat;kg v. deduct

kat;kgecj/ Gac adj. deductible, ~ BIcMnUl Cab;Bn§ tax deductible

kat;Kña v. intersect (graph lines)

kat;ecj ¬CakarBin½y¦ forfeit

kat;éfømin)an adj. invaluable

kat;bnßy/ kar reduction, curtailment,

~ fvika budget reduction, ~ PaBRkIRk poverty reduction

kat;bnßycMnay/ kar expense reduction, retrenchment kat;sg/ Bn§Ky duty drawback

katalIkr catalyst, tYnaTICa ~ catalyst role


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kataLúk ¬esovePA¦ catalogue

kan;/ Gñk holder, ~ mUlb,Tanb½Rt holder of a cheque kan;kab;/ kar possession kan;kab;/ kar ¬]> cUleTArs;enAelIdILÚt_¦ occupation

kan;kab;CakarepJITuk hold in trust

kan;kab;dI/ kar land tenure

kan;kab;tMENg/ ry³eBl tenure

kan;kab;RtwmRtUv/ Gñk holder in due course

kan;kab;EfTaM/ Gñk caretaker (of a motor vehicle) kan;kab;bBa¢IKNenyü v. maintain accounting book kan;criya v. behave

kan;bBa¢I/ Gñk bookkeeper

kan;Baküsnüa v. abide by a promise

kab;eQI/ kar logging, ~ xusc,ab; illegal logging kayvikar gesture

kargar work

kargar ¬eTogTat;manR)ak;kMér¦ employment

kargar/ eQµaH job title

kargarkñúgkariyal½y office job, white-collar job

kargarRkdassñam paperwork

kargarKitem:ag ¬TUTat;kMértamcMnYn em:ag/ éf¶¦

time work

kargareCIgsar brokerage

kargareRbIxYrk,al ¬EdlRtUvriHKit¦ mental job

kargareBjem:ag full-time work

kargarmineBjem:ag part-time work

kargarl¥itel¥ac odd job

karedaHRsay resolution, ~ TMnas; conflict resolution karEtl cartel

karbdiesFc,ab;rdæ civil disobedience

karR)ak; interest, ~ smas compound

interest, ~ x<s;¼Tab high/low interest,

~ samBaØ simple interest, kalKit ~

interest period, GRta ~ interest rate karR)ak;)anKitbEnßm accrued interest

karR)ak;mkTl;bc©úb,nñ interest to date

karR)ak;minTan;sg back interest

karR)ak;viC¢man positive interest (interest rate higher than inflation rate) karR)ak;GviC¢man ¬GRtakarR)ak;TabCagGRta GtiprNa¦ negative interest karBar/ kic©¼kar- protection, ~ brisßan environment protection karBarkarxatbg; ¬EdlRtUv)an¦ hedged

karsikSakrNI ¬b¤krNIsikSa¦ case study

kariybriecäT financial year

kariybriecäT ¬sareBIBn§/ hirBaØvtßú>>>¦ year


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(fiscal, financial...) kariyaFibetyü bureaucracy, red tape, officialdom

kariyal½y bureau, ~ kargar employment

bureau GñkeFVIkar ~ bureaucrat

kariyal½yKNenyü accounting office

kariyal½ycuHeQµaHGñke)aHeqñat voter registration station kariyal½ytMNagRbcaMRbeTs country-representative office

kariyal½yFM head office

kariyal½ye)aHeqñat polling station

kariyal½ybþÚrR)ak; exchange office

kariyal½ypþl;B½t’manBIkitþinam ¬énshRKas>>>¦credit bureau

kariyal½yrkkargareGayeFIV employment agency kariyal½yrab;snøwkeqñat vote-counting station kariyaelxanukar ¬m> kariyal½y/ GñkeFVIkar¦ bureaucrat kal kMNt;¼bBaØtþi specified period

kalkMNt; deadline

kalkMNt; time, rUbiyaNtþiman ~ time draft

kalkMNt;RbKl;TMnij time limit for delivery

kalbriecäT date

kalbriecäTGnaKt/ cuH v. post-date

kalvsan maturity

kalviPaK schedule/timetable

kalviPaKfµI/ eFVI reschedule (loan)

kalaTikrN_sniTanIy_ ¬m> rMMBwgsmehtupl/kar¦

kalanuvtþiPaB opportunity

kalikb½Rt ¬TsSnavdþI/ RBwtþib½Rt>>>¦ periodical

kic©karCMnYj transaction

kic©RBmeRBogepÞrkic©snüa ¬[PaKITI3¦ novation kic©RBmeRBogTUeTAsþIBItaragBn§Ky nigBaNiC¢kmµ ¬hÁat;¦ GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) kic©snüa contract, ~ lk;¼kargar contract of

sale/work, buKÁlikrdæCab; ~ contract public

employee, Cab;¼eRkam ~ adj. under

contract, cuH ~ v. contract, GñkcuHkic©snüa contractor kic©snüa/ c,ab;én law of contract

kic©snüaCalaylkçN_GkSr deed

kic©snüaCYlTijpþac; ¬rW kic©snüaTijbNþak;¦ hire-purchase agreement kic©snüaTij-lk; bargain and sale

kic©snüabnþ/ cuH subcontract, Gñk ~ subcontractor kic©snüaEbgEckplitkmµ production-sharing contract (PSC) kic©snüamankalkMNt; terminal contract

kic©snüalk; ¬TMnij¦ sale contract

kic©snüashRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµ business


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cooperation contract (BCC)

kic©snüaesva service contract

kic©snüaesarkñúgéd turnkey contract

kitþinam reputation, credibility

kitþisBÞ good reputation

kitüanuPaB prestige

kinRsUv/ kar paddy husking

kiriyamayaT conduct

kugtWn½r container

kugsg;s‘us consensus

kugs½rsüÚm consortium

kugsuI ¬bBa©aM¦ pawnbroker

kub,kmµ n. riot, eFVI ~ v. riot

kumµúynisþ communist

kulalPaCn_ ceramics, plitpl ~ ceramic product kusl merit , good deed

kuslkic© good deed, charity

kUd/ elxkUd code, kardak;elx ~ coding, kar bkRsay ~ ¬ERbCaPasaFmµtavij¦ decoding

kUdkmµ strike

kUta quota, karkMNt; ~ fixing of quotas

kUtanaMcUl import quota

kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk mortgagor/ mortgager

kUnesovePApSBVpSay brochure

kUr:um quorum

ekItdMNalKña/ kar ¬RBwtþikarN_¦ concurrence

ekItman/ kar incidence

ekIn v. increase, rise ekInCadMNak;²/ Edl incremental

ekInmYyCabI v. treble

ekInmYyCaBIr v. double

ekIneLIg v. gain

ekogKr v. lobby

ekobsgát; v. exert pressure

ekgRbv½Ba©/ kar embezzlement

ekgRbv½Ba©RTBüsm,tþisaFarN³/ kar misappropriation of public funds ekNÐRbmUl v. mobilise

ekNÐRbmUlR)ak;snSMÉkCn/ kar mobilisation of private savings ekrþ×eQµaH reputation

ekrþ×eQµaHCMnYj n. goodwill

ekrþ×mrtk heritage, patrimony

ekrþ×xagRsI dowry

Ek/ kar ¬Bakü¼elx¼bBa¢IKNenyü>>>edaykar ekaslub rW karsresrRtYt>>>¦ alteration

Ekécñ/ kar ¬plitpl¦ processing, viBaØabnb½Rt bBa¢ak;BIkEnøgEkécñ certificate of processing

EkécññeLIgvij/ kar recycling

EktMrUv v. adjust, KNnI ~ adjustment

account, ktþa ~ adjustment factor (AF),


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tMél ~ adjustment value, elxna ~ adjusting entries (accounting)

EktMrUv/ kar rectification

EkTMrg; v. reform

EkERbdIFøIeLIgvij/ kar land restructuring

EklMG/ kar improvement

EksMrYl adj. revised, Epnkar ~ revised plan

ekaslvic½y expertise, valuation

ekasikasnþiPaBeGaypSarP©ab;Kñal¥/ BRgwg strengthen the fabric of peace kMcIKµankalkMNt; ¬eBlTarRtUvsg¦ demandloan

kMcIKµanvtßúFana fiduciary loan

kMcI¼R)ak;kMcI loan, ~ pøas;pÞHfµI bridging loan,

~ karR)ak;Tab soft loan, ~ KµankarFana unsecured loan, ~ KµankalkMNt; loan at

call (pay back when required), ~ )anebIk pþl; loan disbursed

kMcIEdlm©as;bMNulGacTarykvij)anPøam money at call kMcIenACMBak; outstanding loan

kMcIpÞal;xøÜn personal loan

kMcIBi)akTar non-performing loan

kMcImankarR)ak;efreTArksuI/ kareRbI leverage

kMcImankarR)ak;Tab/ kMcIKµankarR)ak; soft loan

kMcImanrbs;bBa©aM collateral loan

kMcIsMrab;sg;¼TijpÞH housing loans

kMNt; v. determine, fix, specify

kMNt;/ naéf¶Edl)an on appointed days

kMNt;kUta/ kar fixing of quotas

kMNt;Rta n. record

kMNt;éfø¼éføkMNt; CarUbiyvtßúkñúgRsuk v. & n. quote in local currency

kMNt;TUeTA general points (in text of law)

kMNt;RbePTTMnij/ kar categorisation of goods kMNt;Bn§/ Gñk assessor of taxes

kMNt;RBMRbTl;/ kar demarcation (boundary)

kMNt;sMKal; note

kMNt;sMGag ¬Fanar:ab;rg¦ cover note (insurance) kMNay n. excavation

kMeNIt/ GRta birth rate

kMeNIn growth, increase, rise, gain,

GRta ~ growth rate

kMeNInkartantwg ¬TMnas;¦ escalation

kMeNIntamfñak;/ GRtaBn§ progessive tax rate

kMeNInRbCaCnkMritsUnü zero population growth (ZPG) kMENtMrUv adjustment

kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ structural adjustment, kMcIsMrab; ~ structural adjustment loan

kMENTMrg; n. reform, ~ dIFøI land reform,

~ RbB½n§yutþiFm’ judicial reform, ~ Bn§dar


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fiscal reform, ~ vis½yensaT nigClpl fisheries reform

kMENERb modification

kMBg;EppÞúkTMnij port of loading/shipment

kMBg;EpBaNiC¢kmµ commercial port

kMBg;EpsmuRT seaport

kMBugcab;kMeNIt nascent, esdækic© ~ nascenteconomy

kMBugdMeNIrkar/ skmµPaB ongoing activity

kMBugplit ¬xÞg;KNnIsMrab;kt;RtaRTBükMBug plit¦ work in progress (WIP)

kMBüÚT½rFuntUc minicomputer

kMr/ PaB scarcity

kMrgr)aykarN_ series of reports kMrit level, dose, margin, eRcIn ~ multi-

level, ~ eGayx©IR)ak; margin of lending,

~ R)ak;cMeNj margin of profit, ~ suvtßiPaB

safety margin, ~ GPivDÆn_ level of development kMriteKal benchmark

kMritcab;ERbRbYl ¬m> kaMQancUl¦ threshold

kMritCIvPaB standard of living, living standard kMritCMnaj qualification

kMritTMenarénkareRbIR)as;bEnßm marginal propensity to consume kMritTMenarénkarsnSMbEnßm marginal

kMritRBMEdn/ dak; v. limit, kar ~ limitation

kMritmUldæan local/grassroots level

kMritmUldæanénkareRbIR)as; base level of consumption

kMrityl;dwg level of understanding, cognitive level kMritel¥óg margin of error

kMér earnings, ~ rk)an earned fees

kMér fee, ~ GaCJab½NÑ licence fee

kMéreCIgsar brokerage

kMéreCIgsarFanakarTUTat; del credere commission kMérykelIs ¬elIskMritsmrmü¦ overcharge

kMéresva service fees

kMéreCIgsar commission, karlk;yk ~ commission sale

kMéreCIgsar/ yk v. charge a commission

kMlaMg force, power, ~ TIpSar market forces kMlaMgpÞal;xøÜn/ eday adj. unaided

kMlaMgBlkmµ labour force, workforce, force

kMlaMgrujRcan momentum

kMsanþ ¬esva¦ recreation (service)

kMsanþ/ kar entertainment, mNÐl ~ entertainment centre

kMhat loss, ~ Cak;Esþgsrub actual total

loss, ~ srubsuT§ absolute total loss


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kMhateFVIGaCIvkmµ ¬eBlR)ak;cMNUl)anticCag R)ak;cMNayecj¦ trading losses kMhab;énsarFatu/ kMrit concentration level of a substance kMhit n. constraint

kMhit/ kardak;kMhit restriction,~ én\NTan credit restrictions

kMhit/ dak; v. restrict, ~ elI\NTan restrict credit kMhusqÁg malpractice

kaMQancUl n. threshold

ekaHsakSI v. ¬tulakar¦ subpoena

kñúgtMENg in post

kñúgrgVg;kBa©úM intra-cluster

kñúgRsuk domestic, RTBüskmµ ~ domestic

assets (bank), \NTan ~ domestic

credit, tMrUvkar¼karpÁt;pÁg; ~ domestic demand/supply kñúgRsuk ¬m> mUldæan¦ local

k,ac; n. ¬]bkrN_buraNsMrab;Kitelx¦ abacus

k,aldI ¬m> dILÚt_¦ plot

k,alma:sIunkMeNInesdækic© engine of economic growth RkdasR)ak; ¬luyRkdas¦ bank note, paper money RkdaseBIelo flimsy paper

RkdassñamBaNiC¢kmµ commercial paper

RkNat; cloth, material

Rkb frame

Rkbx½NÐ cadre, ~ m®nþIraCkar public cadre, ~

Pñak;garrdæ)al cadre of administrative agent

Rkbx½NÐ framework, frame, ~ c,ab; legal

framework, ~ eBlevla timeframe

Rkm code, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ commercial code

RkmsIlFm’ code of conduct/ethics

RkLabBa¢I court clerks

RkeLkemIleTAGtItkal/ kar retrospection

RkahVik graphic

RkIRk/ PaB poverty, karkat;bnßy ~ poverty

reduction, bnÞat;RkIRk ~ poverty line

Rkwtü decree

Rkumkargar working group, task force

RkumKMrUtag sample group

RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg board of management

RkumRbwkSaFmµnuBaØ Constitutional Council

RkumRbwkSaPi)al board of directors

RkumRbwkSaPi)alRbtisiT§iCn trusteeship council RkumRbwkSavin½y ¬GñksMercdak;vin½yelIbuKÁlik¦ disciplinary council RkumRbwkSavinieyaK board of investment (BOI) RkumRbwkSasnþisux Security Council (UN)

Rkumpþl;KMnit think-tank

RkumBhuCMnaj multi-disciplinary team


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Rkumh‘un company, ~ Gnamik joint stock

company, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ trading company,

~ buRtsm<½næ affiliated or associated

company, ~ TTYlxusRtUvmanx½NÐsIma limited liability company, ~ TTYlxus RtUvKµankMNt; unlimited company, ~ saxasubsidiary company Rkumh‘un ¬CanItibuKÁleBjelj¦ incorporated company Rkumh‘un/ cUlCa incorporated

Rkumh‘un/ c,ab; companies act

Rkumh‘uncUlpSarh‘un ¬KWmansnøwkh‘unlk;-Tij enApSarh‘un¦ listed/quoted company

Rkumh‘unTTYlxusRtUvmankMrit limited liability company Rkumh‘unFanar:ab;rgedIm principal insurance company Rkumh‘unbiTCit ¬Gñkkan;kab;PaKh‘unmanticnak; Nas;¦ close company

Rkumh‘unbuRtsm<½n§ ¬Rkumh‘unemkþab;PaKh‘unticCag 50°¦ affiliated/associated company

Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ ¬Twk/ ePøIg>>>¦ utilitycompany Rkumh‘unBhuplitpl conglomerate

Rkumh‘unPaKh‘un public company or public limited company (PLC) Rkumh‘unem parent company

Rkumh‘unrYmPaKh‘un joint-stock company

Rkumh‘unrMlgCati transnational corporation (TNC) Rkumh‘unsikSaKMeragbøg; architectural company

Rkumh‘unhUlDij holding company

Rkumh‘unnavacr shipping company

Rkumh‘unGnamik ¬m> saCIvkmµ¦ RkumGayu age group

RkumGñkmanKMnitdUcKña like-minded groups

eRkam/ xag downstream, plitpl ~ rW plitplcugExS downstrem product

eRkam»vaT/ GgÁPaB subordinate entity

eRkamsþg;dar sub-standard

eRkay/ Ca post, svnkmµ ~ post auditing

eRkay/ tam following, qñaMeRkay rW qñaMbnÞab; following/next year eRkA/ ktþaxag rW plb:HBal;mkBIeRkA externalities eRkAksidæan/ kargar off-farm employment

eRkARbB½n§ ¬rW eRkApøÚvkar¦/ vis½yesdækic© informal sector køasuik/ TsSn³Ebb classical view

køib club, ~ ]sSahkmµtMbn; regional industry club

Ekøg/ kar forgery

Ekøgkøay false

kS½yFn/ PaB bankruptcy, karrYcputBI ~ discharge in bankruptcy


114

ekSRtviTU agronomist

ekSRtsaRsþ rW ekSRtviTüa agronomy

x x ¬xTI1/ xTI2>>> ¦ clause

xkxan fail, xkxanmin)anTak;Tg fail to contact xkxan ¬min)aneFVI¦/ kar omission

xn§b,maNrUbiyvtßú ¬m> rUbiyvtßúTaMgGs;¦ monetary aggregate

xn§b,aT aggregation

xageRkA exogenous, ktþaGviC¢man ~ negative exogenous factors xatbg;/ kar loss

xatbg;srub/ kar total loss, dead loss,

~ Cak;Esþg actual total loss

xanmin)an¼katBVkic© adj. compulsory, mandatory xitþb½NÑ ¬b½NÑeXasnapSBVpSayEckeGay pÞal;éd¦ hand bill

xuTÞkal½y cabinet, ~ KN³rdæm®nþI political cabinet xusc,ab; illegal, kic©snüa ~ illegal contract

xusc,ab; illicit, Rsa ~ illicit alcohol

xUcxat/ kar damage

xUcxatedaysarTwksmuRT/ Edl sea-damaged

xUcxatbgáeLIgedayectna/ kar wilful

damage xUcxat/ ¬R)ak;¦ sMNgcMeBaHkar damages

xUcKuNPaB/ kar ¬rbs;hUb¦ spoilage

xUcRbeyaCn_/ kar detriment

xUcRbeyaCn_/ EdleFVIeGay detrimental

xYb¼CMu¼vdþ cycle

xMRbwgxñHExñg/ kic© endeavour

x©I/ sMux©I v. borrow, karx©Ibul borrowings,

Gñk ~ borrower

x¢Ix¢a sloppy, kargar ~ sloppy work

x¢Hx¢ay/ kar wastage

ex©aH/ flaw, defect Edlman ~ flawed, defective, faulty

xÞg; item, ~ eRkAtaragtulükar off-balance sheet items xÞg;/ xÞg;bBaÄr ¬tarag¦ column

xÞg; ¬taragtulükar¦ heading

xñgTl;xñg back to back, \NTan ~ back to back credit xñat ¬]> EpnTI¦ scale

xñat ¬sMrab;vas;Evg¦ yardstick

xñattUc small-scale

xñatmaRta dose

xñatmas gold standard

Exµrkat;cin Sino-Khmer

xøwmsar content

xøwmsar niglkçxNÐ énkic©snüa terms and


115

conditions of a contract xVH/ cMnYn shortfall

xVHxat/ karpÁt;pÁg;mankar deficient supply

xVHTMgn;/ PaB deficiency in weight

ExSekag curve, ~ cMNay expenditure

curve, ~ eRbIR)as; consumption curve,

~ pÁt;pÁg;srub aggregate supply curve ExSekaghVIlIB Phillips curve (relationshipbetween rate of change of money wage and rate of unemployment) ExScgVak; chain, ~ m:aXITIg¼TIpSar marketing chain ExSbeNþay/ mnÞIr line department

ExSbBaÄr/ karR)aRs½yTak;Tgtam vertical communication ExSplitkmµ ¬tMelIgeRKOgcRk¦ assembly line

ExSepþk¼ExSTTwg/ karsMrbsMrYltam horizontal coordination

exSay/ rUbiyvtßú weak/soft currency

K KgKña¼RtYtKña overlap

KN³kmµkar commission

KN³kmµkaresIubGegát board of inquiry

KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn_PUmi village development committee (VDC) KN³kmµaFikar committee, ~ RtYtBinitü committee of inspection, ~ Gcié®nþy_

KN³kmµaFikarcMeBaHkic© ad hoc committee

KN³CMnajkar panel of experts

KNna v. calculate, work out

KNnaxus miscalculate

KNnaéføedIm/ kar costing

KNnaGtüaNU calculus

KNnI account, ~ épÞkñúg domestic account,

~ )anEksMrYl account amended, ~ enAmin Tan;sg outstanding account, ~ RtUvsg

account payable, ~ RtUvTar account

receivable, esovePA ~ account book,

m©as; ~ account holder, sMrab;EtsgcUl ~ account payee only KNnI mUlFn¼Tun capital account

KNnIkan;kab;kñúgnambuKÁlmñak;eTot nominee account KNnIcrnþ current account

KNnIcMNUl-cMNay income and expense accounts, income-outlay accounts, appropriation accounts KNnIcMruH sundry account

KNnIcMh ¬kt;RtakarTijeCOedayGñkTij Kµandak;vtßúFana¦ open account

KNnIQb;eRbI rW KNnIgab; dead account

KNnIFnaKar bank account


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KNnIenAbreTs foreign accounts

KNnIRbePTGkSr et T account

KNnIR)ak;tMkl;Fana deposit guaranty account KNnIpat;Tat; clearing account

KNnIépÞeRkA external accounts

KNnIrg subsidiary account

KNnIrg;caM suspense account

KNnIrYm ¬manm©as;KNnIBI 2nak;eLIgeTA¦ joint account KNnIlT§pl profit and loss account

KNnIGtifiCn ¬m> KNnIRtUvTar¦ trade account receivable

KNnIeCO charge/credit account

KNenyü accounting (US), accountancy

(GB), bookeeping, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial

accounting, ~ Bn§dar tax accounting,

vdþ ~ accounting cycle, RKa ~ accounting period, bøg; ~ accounting plan, éfø ~

accounting price, RbB½n§ ~ accounting

system, karviPaK ~ accounting analysis r)aykarN_ ~ accounting statement KNenyü éføedIm¼viPaK cost accounting

KNenyükr accountant, ~ rdæTTYlsÁal; chartered accountant, certified public accountant (US)

KNenyükredImExS principal accountant (Ministry of Economy and Finance)

KNenyükic© accountancy

KNenyüRKb;RKg managerial accounting

KNenyüCati national accounting

KNenyübrisßan ecological accounting

KNenyüPaB accountability, TamTar ~ BI demand accountibility from

KNenyüPaB/ Kµan adj. unaccountable

KNenyürdæaPi)al nigKNenyüsßab½n government and institutional accounting KNenyüsaFarN³ public accounting/ accounts KN³RbtiPU delegation

KN³emFavI bar association

KN³rdæm®nþI Council of Ministers

KtibNÐit/ Rbkbeday sound

Ktiyutþi ¬Rsbtamc,ab; nigrebobrbbén c,ab;¼ tulakar¦ juridical, lixitsñam ~ legal document Ktiyutþi/ rUbPaB legal form

Kn;KUr/ kar extrapolation

Kn;KUrCamun/ kar projection

KnøgeRKaHfñak; precarious path

KnøwH/ tYnaTI key role

KnøwH/ sunÞrkfa keynote address

KmnaKmn_B½t’man communication of information Ky customs, Pñak;gar ~ customs agent,


117

TIcat;karKynigrdæakr Customs Department,

buKÁl¼Rkumh‘un EdlnaMTMnijqøgkat; ~ customs broker Kl;mUlb,TanbR½t cheque stub

Kl;G½kS origin, zero point

KhbtI bourgeois, vNÑ³ ~ bourgeoisie ormiddle class

Kab;CYn ¬Kña¦/ kar coincidence

Kahkniy½t holder in due course

KitKUrbegáItfµI v. conceptualise

Kitdl;/ edaymin regardless

KitbEnßm/ cMNUl)an accrued income

KIb bale

KuNFm’ virtue

KuNPaB quality, grade, karEbgEck ~

grading, ~ eBlpÞúk quality shipped or

shipped quality, viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦ tamEbb ~ qualitative method (of analysis) KuNPaBx<s; ¬Er:¦ high grade (ore)

KuNvibtþi shortcoming, disadvantage

KuNvibtþi flaw, Edlman ~ flawed

KuNvuDÆi ¬smtßPaBkñúgCMnaj¦ qualification

KuNsm,tþixagCMnaj qualification

KURbECg rival

KUsbBa¢ak; v. emphasise

KYkeC broker, middleman

KYkeCh‘un stockbroker

KYbpSM combine, ~ CamYyKñanUvBaNiC¢kmµ nig karkMsanþ combine business and pleasure

KYr)anTTYl\NTan/ PaB credit worthiness

eKcBn§/ kar tax evasion

eKcUlcitþ ¬CagGVImYyeTot¦/ Edl preferential

eKhkic©/ brikçar household equipment

éKbnøM adj. fraudulent

éKbnøM/ kar fraud

eKal base, GRta ~ base rate

eKal ¬R)ab;cMgay¦ milestone

eKal/ RKa¼ry³eBl reference period

eKalkarN_ ¬kñúgRbkas¦ general (in a Prakas)

eKalkarN_KNenyümankarTTYlsÁal;TUeTA generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP)

eKalkarN_ENnaM guideline

eKalkarN_énPaBsuIKña matching concept/ convention

eKalkarN_esµIPaB nigmanplRbeyaCn_eTAvij eTAmk principle of equality and mutual benefit eKalKMnit concept

eKal¼em/ EpnTI master map

eKaledA purpose, goal

eKaledA target, Rkum ~ target group,

TIpSar ~ target market


118

eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) eKalneya)ay policy, Rkbx½NÐ ~ policy framework

eKalneya)ayebIkTUlay open policy

eKalneya)ayrUbiyvtßúRbugRby½tñ prudent monetary policy eKalneya)aysac;R)ak;gayRsYl easy money policy KMnas; leverage

KMnit idea

KMnitécñRbDit creativity, creative thinking

KMnitpþÜcepþIm initiative

KMnitviPaK analytical thinking

KMnitevocevr bad faith

KMnUrsßiti chart

KMnUstaglk; sale chart

KMrU model

KMrUtag sample, yk ~ v. sample, take a

sample, Rkum ~ sample group, karRsg; ~

sample implementation, ~ Kg sample

overlap, karyk ~ sampling, kareRCIs ~

sample selection, Gegát ~ sample survey,

KMrUtagécdnü random sample, ~ KµankMNt; unrestricted random sample KMrUtagécdnüsamBaØ/ karyk simple random sampling KMrUtagCMerOn census sample

KMrUtagem master sample

KMrUtagrg subsample

KMrUtagsV½yTMgn; self-weighting sample

KMrUbgðaj specimen

KMrUBIelImkeRkam top-down paradigm

KMrUhtßelxa specimen signature

KMerag project, karvaytMél ~ project

appraisal, karksag ~ project formulation,

karGnuvtþn_ ~ project implementation,

sMeNI ~ project proposal

KMeragkksÞH project indigestion

KMeragbnÞab;bnSM marginal project

KMeragsakl,g pilot project

KMlat gap, deviation

KMlatmFüm ¬m> KMlatsþg;dar¦

KMlatsþg;dar standard deviation (statistics)

KMehIj finding

KaMRT v. support, endorse, esvakmµ ~ support service

KaMRT/ bBa¢ak;KaMRT v. back up, bBa¢ak;KaMRT karGHGag back up a claim

KaMRT/ Gñk backer

KaMRTxaghirBaØvtßú/ kar financial backing, financial assistance

KaMBar v. safeguard

KµankargareFVIeBjelj adj. underemployed,


119

Gñk ~ n. underemployed

KµankareyaKyl;Biess/ karlk; arm’s length sale KµanRcksmuRT/ RbeTs landlocked country

KµandI landless, PaB ~ landlessness

KµaneRbIkar idle, Tun ~ idle capital

KµanplitPaB/ RTBüskmµ unproductive assets

KµanélTukedayELk/ mUlniFi unearmarked fund

KµanGVIKYrq¶l; unquestionable

RKbdNþb;/ kar¼TMhM coverage

RKbsgát; v. dominate

RKb;RKg v. manage, nayk ~ managing director RKb;RKg/ kar management, karRtYtBinitükar ~ management control RKb;RKgeday bTbBa¢a¼bTb,BaØtþic,ab; v. regulate RKb;RKgedayxøÜnÉg/ kar self-managing

RKb;RKgmin)an/ cMNay uncontrollable expenses RKb;RKgGsmtßPaB/ kar maladministration

RKb;RKan; enough

RKb;RKan;/ PaBmin insufficiency, deficiency

RKb;RCugeRCay adj. comprehensive,

karviPaK ~ comprehensive analysis

RKa ¬KNenyü¦ period

RKaeKal reference period

RKwH foundation

RKwH/ karRsavRCavCa fundamental research

RKwHsßan establishment

RKwHsßan ¬CMnYj¦ business concern

RKwHsßanrdæ)alsaFarN³ public adminstrative establishment RKwHsßansaFarN³ public establishment

RKwHsßanesvakmµEkécñ processing-type service establishment RKwHsßanGcié®nþy_ permanent establishment

RKUeBTüCnbT barefoot doctor

RKYsar family, karensaTCalkçN³ ~ family scale fishing RKYsar household, ~ RsþIemRKY female-headed

household, ~ bursemRKY male-headed household

RKYsaredIm original family

eRKOgeRbIR)as; appliance

eRKOgeqH fuel

eRKOgbriePaK food items

eRKOgbMBak; ¬TaMgGcl½t nigcl½t Edllk;eTA CamYynwgpÞH¦ fixtures and fittings

eRKOgbMBak;Cab; fixture

eRKOg]bePaK-briePaK ¬m> sMPar³pÁt;pÁg;¦ supply

eRKagkar scheme

eRKageRcIndMNak; multi-stage frame


120

eRKagelImUldæantMbn; area-based frame

eRKagykKMrUtag sampling frame, ~ dMbUg primary-sampling frame (PSF) eRKaHfñak;/ EdlRbkbeday hazardous

eRKaHfñak;enAeBlbMeBjkargar occupational accident eRKaHFmµCati natural disaster

eRKaHGKIÁP½y fire risk

KøInik clinic

X Xat;cab;Tuk/ kar ¬rfynþ/ TUk>>>¦ impoundment XubXitkMNt;éfø/ kar price fixing

eXasnaTak;TajkarKaMRT v. canvass

eXasnabBa©úHbBa©Úl v. lobby

eXasnapSaylk;pÞal;/ kar ¬énbuKÁlmñak;¦ personal selling Xñas; lever

XøatBIsPaBedIm/ kar aberration

XøaMemIl v. monitor

XøaMg warehouse

XøaMg/ karTukdak;TMnijkñúg warehousing

XøaMg/ qµaM warehouseman

XøaMgsþúkTMnijRKb;RKgedayPñak;garKy bonded warehouse

g gakecj/ kar deviation

gayxUc perishable, TMnij ~ perishable goods gayeCO/ PaB credulity

gayrgeRKaH adj. vulnerable, Blkr ~ vulnerable worker gayrgeRKaH/ PaB vulnerability

gayRsYl/ kar facility

gar title

c ckçúvis½y n. vision

cg v. bind

cgRkg v. compile

cgP¢ab;/ kar linkage

cg¥úlTis/ kar directive

cenøaHCMerOn/ TsvtSr_ inter-censal decade

cenøaHeRCIs selection interval

cenøaHRbehag loophole, ~ énBn§ tax loophole

crca v. negotiate, kar ~ n. negotiation

crca)an/ Gac negotiable, éfø ~ negotiable price crcaBIkartMelIgR)ak;QñÚlrvag nieyaCit nig nieyaCk/ kar (free) collective bargaining

crcaCa rYm¼smUhPaB/ kar collective


121

bargaining crnþkar/ eFVI ¬m> bc©úb,nñPaB/ eFVI¦ update

crnþþ adj. current, cMNay ~ current expenditures cracr circulation, ~ Tun circulation of

capital, ~ TMnij circulation of goods

cracr traffic, sNþab;Fñab; ~ traffic order

crit character

clnvtßú movable (property)

clnaTun/ karepÞrTun capital movement

cak;Kr/ kar dumping cak;eLIgvij/ kar ¬ExSGat;>>>¦ playback (tape...)

caj;eRbob disadvantaged

cat;Ecg v. organise, handle, manage, dispose cat;EcgTinñn½y/ kar data processing

cat;fñak; v. classify

cat;TukCaemaX³ v. invalidate

cab;eqñat v. draw lots

cab;epþIm/ esah‘uy start-up cost

cab;GarmµN_/ PaBmin insensitivity

cab;eGayTTYlxusRtUv v. hold responsible

cay ¬R)ak;¦ spend, expend, lay out

carxñg ¬Éksar¦ endorse v.

carxñg ¬Éksar¦/ Gñk endorser

carxñgcMh blank endorsement

carwk nominal, tMél ~ nominal value

carwkCaduløarGaemrik ¬]> mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦ denominated in US$

cas;TuM/ PaB maturity

ciBa©wmCIvit/ karrk livelihood

ciBa©wmRtI/ kar pisciculture, fish culture, fish farming cIrPaB sustainability

cIrPaB/ man sustainable, ksikmµ ~

sustainable agriculture, karGPivDÆn_ ~ sustainable development cugeRkay last, ultimate, eKaledA ~ ultimate goal cugeRkay/ kareRbIR)as; final consumption

cugExS/ plitpl downstream product

cugRKa/ sareBIP½NÐ ending inventory

cugecaT defendant

culøesdækic© ¬m> mIRkUesdækic©¦

cuHkalbriecäTGtItkal v. antedate

cuHkalbriecäTGnaKtelImUlb,Tanb½Rt date a cheque forward cuHkic©snüa ¬em:Akar[Gñk¦ xageRkA v. outsource

cuHKuNPaBdI/ kar land degradation

cuHéf¶Ex/ Kµan undated

cuHéfø v. discount, lk; ~ sell at a dicount,

GRta ~ discount rate


122

cuHéfø v. lower the price, decrease in price

cuHéfø/ kar ¬elITMnijminRtUv)a:n; rW karsgR)ak; munéf¶kMNt;¦ rebate

cuHéføtamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ karlk; cash discount cuHéføeGaytamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ cMnYn cash rebate cuHTabbMput v. bottom out

cuHTidæakar ¬elIcMNay¦ rW GnuBaØatcMNay authorise payment cuHTinñanub,vtþi/ kar journalising

cuHbBa¢I register, kar ~ registration, elx ~

registration number, viBaØabnb½Rt ~ registration certificate cuHbBa¢I/ Edlmin)an unregistered

cuHbBa¢Ika ¬m> cuHbBa¢I¦ v. register

cuHbBa¢IKNenyü/ kar bookkeeping

cuHbRBa©aselxna v. reverse an entry

cuHbuerkalbriecäT v. ¬m> cuHkalbriecäT GtItkal¦ antedate, backdate

cuHelxna enter an entry (journal)

cuHelxna v. post an item (ledger), ~ eTAkñúg esovePAFM post an item to the ledger

cuHsMrugKña/ kareFVI[manPaB harmonisation

cuHhtßelxaFanaelIvikáybRt v. back a bill

cuHhtßelxaBIeRkam/ Gñk undersigned n.

cuHhtßelxasegçb v. initial

cUlCaRkumh‘un/ min unincorporated

cUlCaFrman v. come into effect/force

cUlCasmaCik/ kar accession

cUléd/ kar complicity

cUlRbLÚk/ kar engagement

cUlmunecjmun Fifo (first in, first out)

cUlrYm v. participate, kar ~ participation

cUlrYm/ karGPivDÆn_edaymankar participatory development cUlh‘un/ kar stake

cUleRkayecjmun ¬lIhVÚ ¦ Lifo (last in, first out) ecosvagBn§/ kar tax avoidance

ecjcMNayCYs v. defray

ecj¼ecjpSay v. issue, ecjGaCJab½NÑ issue a licence ectna intention

Eckcay/ kar distribution

Eckdac;/ Edl ¬elx¦ divisible

Eckbnþ v. ¬KNnI/ Rkum>>>¦ subdivide

EckrMElk v. share, ~ bTBiesaFn_ share experiences

Ecg v. stipulate

EcgxagelI/ dUcman above-mentioned

Ecs ¬fµI/ s¥at¦ adj. immaculate

écdnü adj. random, KMrUtag ~ random


123

sample, karRtYtemIl ~ random check

écdnünIykmµ randomisation

ecaTRbkan;edaymin)anbgðajPsþútag/ kar allegation

ecAhVay boss, EdlcUlcitþRtYtRtaeK bossy

cMkar plantation, ~ ekAs‘U rubber plantation

cMNg/ CMnYyman tied aid

cMNgeCIg title, heading

cMNgTak;Tg link, linkage

cMNakRsuk migration

cMNat;kar n. treatment

cMNat;fñak; classification, eFVI ~ classify v.

RbB½n§eFVI ~ system of classification

cMNat;fñak; tMél¼KuNsm,tþi/ kareFVI rating

cMNat;fñak; ¬tamlMdab;¦/ eFVI v. rank

cMNat;fñak;kargar job ranking/grading

cMNat;fñak;rg subclassification

cMNab;GarmµN_ impression, perception

cMNay expense, cost, ~ énkarRbmUl Tinñn½y cost of data collection

cMNay v. expend, spend

cMNay n. expenditure, expense, ~ Ca mUlFn capital expenditure, ~ crnþ current

expenditure, ~ rdæ)al admistrative

expenses, ~ epSg² sundry expenses

cMNay n. outlays (financial),

~ rMls;bMNul debt amortisation outlays

cMNay/ smtulüminTan; unexpended balance

cMNayRKb;RKg)an controllable expenses

cMNaycuHeFVIkardl;kEnøg field expenditure cMNayCamUlFn capital expense

cMNayCYs/ ecj v. defray

cMNaytaméf¶/ ¬R)ak;¦ per diem

cMNayEfTaM maintenance expense, upkeep expenses cMNayTUeTA ¬cMNayeTogTat; nigsMxan;²Edl minTak;TgedaypÞal;nwgkarplit¦ overheads, overhead charges cMNayTUeTA nigcMNayrdæ)al general and administrative expenses cMNayRTRTg;karrs;enA cost of living

cMNaybg;mun prepaid expense

cMNaybEnßm additional expense, aftercost

cMNay)anKitbEnßm accrued expense

cMNayeRbIR)as; consumption expenditures cMNayhYskMNt; overspending

cMNarxñg endorsement, ~ ÉksaredIm,I RbmUlR)ak; endorsement for collection,

GñkmansiT§ieRbIR)as;lixitsñamtam ~ endorsee

cMNuccUl entry point

cMNucecj exit point


124

cMNucedA target

cMNucENnaM guideline

cMNucbt; ¬eBlEdlmankarpøas;bþÚr¦ turning point cMNucRbsBV focal point

cMNucepþat n. focus

cMNucminl¥ drawback

cMNucrYcedIm break-even point

cMNuH ¬vtßúpÞúk¦ capacity

cMNuH/ GgÁPaB subordinate entity

cMNuHpÞúk loading capacity

cMNUl income, earnings, ~ eRkaykat;Bn§ after-tax income, ~ Cab;Bn§suT§ net taxable

income, ~ pÞal;xøÜn personal income,

~ eRkaykat;Bn§ disposable income, ~ eRkA BIebovtSr_ private income, ~ )anTTYlmun income collected in advance, ~ kñúgmnusS mñak; per capita income, ~ suT§ net income,

KNnI ~ income account, r)aykarN_ ~ income statement cMNUl revenue, ~ crnþ current revenue,

eKalneya)ayxag ~ revenue policy,

~ TTYlmun unearned revenue,

cMNUleRkABIebovtSr_ private income

cMNUlcitþ preference, taste

cMNUlcMNay/ r)aykarN_ profit and loss statement

cMNUlCamUlFn capital revenue

cMNUldul gross proceeds/receipts/returns

cMNUlTTYlmun ¬KWRtUveyageTAbBa©Úlkñúg kariybriecäTeRkay²¦ deferred revenue or unearned revenue

cMNUlTab low-income, RKYsarman ~ low income households cMNUlenATMenrrbs;buKÁl rW cMNUlbuKÁl eRkaykat;Bn§ ¬]> R)ak;ExrebIkykeTApÞH)an¦ disposable personal income cMNUlbuKÁl/ R)ak; personal income/revenue

cMNUlBIkarlk; sale revenue/proceeds

cMNUlBIvinieyaK returns

cMNUl\tRbkas undisclosed income

cMNUlÉktabEnßm marginal revenue

cMeNj ¬CaR)ak;¦ v. gain

cMeNj/ PaBman profitability

cMeNj rW R)ak;cMeNj profit

cMeNj¼xat elIRkdas paper loss/profit

cMeNjxat/ KNnI profit and loss account

cMeNjxat/ r)aykarN_ rW r)aykarN_cMNUl cMNay/ profit and loss statement

cMeNjx<s;bMputminFøab;man record profits

cMeNjeRcIn healthy profit

cMeNjdul gross profit

cMeNjPøam²\trMBwgTuk winfall profit

cMeNjmunbg;Bn§ pre-tax profit


125

cMENk n. share

cMENkTIpSar market share/penetration

cMeNaténExSekag slope of a curve

cMeNalRsuk/ Gñk ¬m> GaNikCn¦ expat

cMeNHeFVI know-how

cMnYnmux range, ~ plitpl product range

cMbg adj. major, main

cMraj;/ Er: mineral concentrate

cMraj;eGaysuT§ v. purify

cMruH ¬shRKas/ KN³kmµaFikar>>>¦ joint

cMruHkmµ diversification

cMruH¼smasPaBesdækic©cMruH/ shRKas joint venture cMruHGnþrRksYg/ KN³kmµaFikar joint inter-ministerial committee cMlgtam/ eFVI v. replicate

cMelIy/ EdlKµan unanswered

cMh open, pSar ~ open market

cMehH ¬kareqH¦ combustion

écñRbDitrksuI/ lkçN³ entrepreneurship

c,ab; law, esckþIRBag ~ draft law, ~ nig bTb,BaØtþi laws and regulations, ~ sþIBIsh lkçnþik³m®nþIraCkarsuIvil law on Co-Statute

of Civil Servants, ~ sþIBIhirBaØvtßúsMrab;kar RKb;RKg law on Financial Management, ~

sþIBIrbbsnþisuxsgÁm law on Social Security

c,ab;kic©snüa contract law

c,ab;Rkumh‘un companies act

c,ab;edIm ¬snøwkedIm¦ original, vikáybRt ~ original invoice c,ab;TTYlsÁal;/ R)ak;Edl legal tender

c,ab;nItiviFI procedural law (French: code de procédure) c,ab;bEnßm ¬RbcaMtMbn;¦ by-laws

c,ab;RbqaMgnwgRtwsþ anti-trust law

c,ab;Blkmµ labour law

c,ab;rdæb,evNI civil law

c,ab;erobcMGgÁkar organic/organisational law

c,ab;sþIBIkarFanar:ab;rg insurance law

c,ab;sþIBIc,ab;bEnßm law on addendum

c,ardMNaM/ kareFVI horticulture

ec,al²/ kar)a:n;sµan rough estimate

Rck channel

Rckecj exit

RckecjcUlEtmYy single window, one stop shop

Rckecjbec©keTs technical fix

RcklðkmanPaBRkIRk pocket of poverty

Rc)ac;bBa©ÚlKña consolidated, B½t’man ~

consolidated information, kar ~ nUvtarag tulükar consolidation of balance sheets

RcbUkRcbl;/ kar¼PaB confusion, chaos

RcLMbl; confusing


126

Rcanecal v. reject, vtßú ~ ¬eRBaHminRtUvkar¦ reject RcanecalCamun preclude

eRcInkkkuj adj. glut

eRcInkMrit multi-level

eRcInliclg;TIpSar glut the market

eRcInelIstMrUvkar/Edl adj. redundant

eRcaHdac;dI/ kar soil erosion

eRcaHsMGat v. purify

q qk;»kas v. capitalise

qk;»kasekjcMeNj/ kar speculation,

~ kñúgeRbgkat oil speculation

qnÞ³ will

qnÞanusiT§i ¬siT§isMerceBjelj¦ discretion,

Ca ~ rbs;rdæaPi)al at the ~ of the government qak stage, scenario, ~ neya)ay political scene/arena

qakar flat, kMér ~ flat fee, éfø ~ flat price

qab;rMePIb/ PaB sensitivity

Eqkeqr/ kar check

eqA raw, Tinñn½y ~ raw data

qñaM year, ~ eKal base year, ~ sareBIBn§ fiscal year, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial year

qñaM/ KitelImUldæanRbcaM annualized

qñaMelIqñaM ¬eFobnwgry³eBldUcKñaénqñaMmun¦ year

on year, bMErbMrYl ~ year on year change

qøgkat; transit, KNnI ~ transit account,

TMnij ~ transit goods, GaCJab½NÑsMrab;TMnij ~

transit licence, GñkdMeNIr ~ transit passenger

qøgkat;RBMEdn/ BaNiC¢kmµ cross-border trade

eqøIytb/ kar n. response, GRtaeqøIytb

response rate, PaBeqøIytb responsiveness

eqøótykcMeNj v. capitalise

eqøótykcMeNjBIelI cash in on

qøúHbBa©aMg v. reflect

q¥wgxñg/ ehdæarcnasm<½n§ ¬ehdæarcnasm<½n§ eKal¦ backbone infrastructure

Eq¥teBjedayTMnijénTIpSar/ PaB market saturation

C CECkedjedal/ kar ¬]> enAsPa¦ debate

CBa¢IgTUTat; balance of payments, »nPaB¼ Gtierk ~ balance of payments deficit/ surplus CBa¢IgTUTat;GnþrCati external balance, foreign balance CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµ balance of trade

Cncas;Cra elderly

CncMNakRsuk migrant


127

CnCab;ecaT n. accused

CnenArs; survivor

CnbreTs alien, c,ab;sþIBI ~ alien act

CnrYmCati compatriot

CnsuIvil n., énCnsIuvil adj. civilian

Clpl aquatic product, FnFan ~ aquatic resources Clyan boat, esovePAskmµPaB ~ boat log book Clvb,kmµ aquaculture

C½yP½NÐ ¬rbs;EdldeNþIm rW bøn;BIeK¦ booty, spoils

C½ylaPI winner

Cak;lak; explicit, bTbBa¢a ~ explicit instruction Cak;lak;/ PaB specificity, accuracy

Cak;lak;/ ry³eBl specific period of time

Cak;Esþg actual, karRbKl; ~ actual

delivery, karbBa©aTij ~ actual order,

karlk;TMnij ~ actual selling of goods

Cak;Esþg factual, sßanPaB ~ factual situation Cak;Esþg/ tamkar de facto

Cak;Esþg/ minTan; latent

Cak;Esþg/ viFankar concrete measure Cati adj. national, fñak;eRkam ~ sub-national level

CatiBn§úviTüa ethnography

CatUbnIykmµ¼Catikmµ/ eFVI v. nationalise

CaRbcaM/ cMNUl ¬m> cMNUlcrnþ¦ current revenue Camun/ karpþl;dMNwg advance notice

Cav¼sMuCav/ kar subscription, éføCav subscription price Cavtßú/ viPaKTan in-kind contribution

CINUm ¬CIvsaRsþ¦ genome

CIv³cMruH bio-diversity

CIvRBwtþi/ ksikmµ subsistence agriculture

CIvPaB livelihood or living

CIvm:as biomass

CIv]sµ½n biogas

CIvit/ mYy lifetime, bTBiesaFn_kñúg ~ a lifetime of experience

CUndMNwg/ kar notification, nItiviFICUndMNwg notification procedure CUndMNwg/ FnaKar advising bank

CUndMNwgmunry³eBlxøI short notice

CUnB½t’man/ lixit advice note

CUneyabl;/ lixit advice note

CYjdUr/ kar trading

CYjdUr)an/ Gac negotiable, rUbiyaNtþi \NeTyü ~ negociable debt instrument

CYjdUrh‘unedayGñképÞkñúg/ kar ¬EdldwgB½t’man sMgat;BIRkumh‘un¦ insider dealing, insider trading


128

CYbTak;Tg/ kar contact, mnusSsMrab;CYb Tak;Tg contact person

CYyFana v. underwrite, Gñk ~ underwriter

CYybMeBjxat v. subsidise, kar ~ subsidisation

CYr ¬PñM¦ range

CYr/ CYrepþk ¬tarag¦ row

CYl ¬edaymankic©snüa¦ v. lease, ~ mkvij

lease back, karCYl lease n.

CYl v. ¬pÞH/ kariyal½y>>>¦ let

CYl v. ¬pÞH/ rfynþ/ >>>¦ rent

CYl v. ¬rfynþ/ Blkr>>>¦ hire

CYl/ kar rental

CYl/ ry³eBl n. ¬GclnRTBü¦ tenancy

CYl/ Gñk ¬dI/ pÞH>>>¦ tenant, ksikrCYldIeK tenant farmer CYlbnþ sublet, sublease

eCIgsar ¬rW eCIgsarCMnYj¦broker, middleman

eCO/ PaBKYreGay credibility

eCOnelOn progress, kMBug ~ in progress

eCOnelOneTAmux/ kar advancement

eCOnelOnnigsµúKsµaj/ bec©kviTüa sophisticated technology

eCaKC½y/ min)an unsuccessful

CMu¼xYb¼vdþ cycle

CMgWbNþalBIkargar work-related illness

CMTas;/ kar objection, Kµan ~ no objection

CMTas;tva:nwgesckþIsMerc contest a decision

CMnaj skill

CMnajnIykmµ ¬m> ÉkeTsnIykmµ¦ specialisation CMnUn n. present

CMnYj trade, dealing, ~ Rsbc,ab; fair dealing

CMnYj/ kic©kar business, kareFVI ~ business undertaking CMnYj/ eFVI v. trade

CMnYjEdlpþl;cMeNj paying business

CMnYjh‘unKña partnership

CMnYb meeting

CMnYy aid, assistance, kic©RBmeRBogpþl; ~

aid agreement, ynþkarsMrbsMrYl ~ aid

coordination mechanism, kmµviFI ~ aid

programme, ~ esdækic© economic aid

CMnYykar assistant, KNenyükr ~ assistant accountant CMnYybec©keTs technical assistance (TA)

CMnYybreTs foreign aid

CMnYyBIxageRkA ¬RbeTs¦ external aid

CMnYymnusSFm’ humanitarian assistance

CMnYyse®gÁaHbnÞan; emergency aid/relief

CMnYysµartI memorandum

CMnYy\tcMNg untied aid

CMnYy\tsMNg grant aid


129

CMnYs/ kardak; subrogation

CMnYsKña)an/ PaBGacykeTA fungibility

CMenOn progress, r)aykarN_ ~ progress report CMBak;/ Edl due

CMBak;/ enA ¬kMcI¦ outstanding

CMBak;bMNul/ PaB indebtedness

CMBUk chapter

CMBUk ¬RkumstV/ rukçCati¦ genus

CMrk shelter, ~ ecosBn§ tax shelter

CMruj v. boost, motivate, stimulate, promote

CMrujTwkcitþ/ kar motivation

CMrujTwkcitþ/ eRKOg inducement

CMrujplRbeyaCn_BaNiC¢kmµ/ kar promotionof commercial interests CMerIs option

ykKMrUtagKµanRsTab;/ kar unstratified sampling CMerIsdMbUg primary selection

CMerIsepSgeTot alternative

CMerIsmankarRtYtBinitü controlled selection

CMerOn census, ~ RbCaCn population census

CMrH ¬bBa¢I/ bMNul¦ v. liquidate

CMrHkþI v. adjudicate

CMrHbBa©b; v. dispose

CMrHbBa¢I/ kar liquidation, r)aykarN_ ~

liquidation report, kar ~CakatBVkic© compulsory liquidation, kar ~ edaysµ½RK citþ voluntary liquidation

CMrHhirBaØvtßú/ kar financial liquidation

CMelaH quarrel

CMhr position

CMhrhirBaØvtßúúú financial standing

CMhr\NTan credit status

CMhan ¬kñúgdMeNIrkarGVImYy¦ step, CaCMhan²

steadily, mYyCMhanmþg² step by step

eRCIs v. select, sort

eRCIs/ kar selection, el¥ógkñúg ~ selection

error, cenøaHeRCIs selection interval,

~ beNþaHGasnñ tentative selection

eRCIsKMrUtag/ kar sample selection

eRCIserIs/ kar selection

eRCotERCk/ kar interference

ERCTMnijemIl shop around

Q Qb;/ kar cessation, karbBaÄb;GaCIvkmµ cessation of business

Qb;sMrakKµanebovtSr_/ kar leave without pay

Qb;sMrakeBlQW/ kar sick leave

QaneTAdl;kic©RBmeRBog v. come to an agreement


130

Qanmux/ ]sSahkmµ pioneer industry

eQagdl;/ kar outreach

QñH/ Gñk winner

QµÜj trader

QµÜjkNþal middleman

eQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ brand name

j jtþi petition

jtþibenÞas motion of censure

jatiCitCageK next of kin

jatiBn§ n. ¬m> sac;jati¦ relative

jwkjab;/ PaB frequency

Ejk v. differentiate

Ejk[eXIjPaBxusKña/ kar differentiation

d dkxøÜnecj back out, ~ BIkic©snüa back out from a contract dkecjBImuxtMENgGVImYykñúgrdæaPi)al removal from a government office dkbNþwg discharge

dkR)ak; ¬BIKNnI¦ withdraw money

dkR)ak;/ Gñk drawer

dkR)ak;/ GñkeGayeK drawee

dkR)ak;elIsR)ak;beBaØI/ kar overdraft

dkhUt v. revoke, ~ GaCJab½NÑ ¬mkvij¦ revoke a licence dkhUt v. ¬rbs;RTBü¦ confiscate, dispossess

dg;suIet density

dNþb;minsBV/ karFanar:ab;rg undercoverage (insurance) dl;kMNt;/ Edl due

dl;kMNt; ¬sg¦/ éf¶ maturity date

dl;éd/ éføTijlk; spot price

dak;ecjCaelIkdMbUgnUv/ kar ¬]> plitplelI TIpSar¦ launch

dak;CUnBinitü/ kar filing

dak;eTas v. penalise

dak;R)ak;enAFnaKar v. bank

dak;mUlb,Tanb½RteGayRbB½n§FnaKarcat;kar epÞrR)ak; clear a cheque

dak;vin½y v. impose disciplinary sanction,

kar ~ disciplinary action

dak;snÞsSn_/ kar indexation

dak;sMBaF v. exert pressure

dac;xat absolute, sMelg ¬e)aHeqñat¦ PaKeRcIn

~ absolute majority vote, ]tþmPaB ~ absolute advantage dac;Rsyal/ tMbn; remote area

das;etOn/ kar warning


131

dI rW dIFøI land

dIkmµsiT§i ¬FM²¦ estate

dIka warrant

dIkaekaHsakSI subpoena

dIkaextþ¼Rkug provincial/municipal order (written instruction) dIkaXMu commune regulation(s)

dIkabgÁab; ¬tulakar¦ writ

dIRkhm red soil

dIdaMduH cultivated land

dIFøI/ én agrarian, kMENTMrg;dIFøI agrarian reform

dIesIm ¬dITMnabmanTwkdk;edayGenøI¦ wetlands

dILÚt_ plot

dIGacdaMduH arable land

dwkCBa¢Ún v. & n. transport

dwkTMnij ¬tamrfynþ rW rfePøIg¦/ kar haulage,

éfø ~ haulage cost

dwknaMkargar/ KN³kmµaFikar steering committee

dwgsÁal;/ kar awareness

dul gross

duløarGWr:ub Eurodollar

duløarUnIykmµ dollarisation

duHdI/ kar silting (of waterways)

dUcmanEcg ¬kñúgc,ab;¦ as provided, as stated, set forth

dUmINU/ \T§iBl domino effect

edIm ¬rukçCati¦ trunk, stem

edIm/ RbCaCn indigenous people

edImecaT plaintiff, claimant

edImTuntamc,ab; legal capital

edjecal/ kar dismissal

edjéfø v. bid

edjéfø/ kar bid, auction, karlk; ~ auction sale

edjéfø/ kar ¬edIm,IeFVIkarpÁt;pÁg;¦ tender

edjéfø/ kar ¬edaymandak;ÉksartMél ):an;sµanlMGit¦ tendering

edjéfø/ Gñk tenderer

edjéføkñúgeRsamsMbuRtbiTCit/ kar sealed tender edjéføCaGnþrCati/ kar international bidding/ tendering edjéføedayRbkYtRbECgkñúgRsuk/ kar DCB ( Domestic Competitive Bidding) edjeCIgKña/ PaB ¬m>RbkYtRbECg/ PaB¦ competitiveness

EdndI/ GaCJaFr territorial authority EdnCMrkstVéRB wildlife santuary

EdnensaT fishery zone, ~ bMrugTuk reserved fishery zone EdnrgTwkePøóg catchment area Ednsmtßkic©¼yutþaFikar jurisdiction

Ednsm,TanTwkéRb marine concession


132

EdnGnuvtþ ¬c,ab;¦ scope

édKU partner, PaBCa ~ partnership

édKUBaNiC¢kmµ trading partner

duM/ karTij bulk buying

dMukMPYn/ karpþl;fvikaCa substantial funding

dMNak;/ dMNak;kal stage, phase

dMeNIrkar process

dMeNIrkar/ ¬Edl¦ performing, RTBüskmµ ~ performing asset, RTBüskmµmin ~ non-performing asset dMeNIrkar/ cMNay ¬sMrab;¦ running costs

dMNaMeRcInmux/ kareFVIV polyculture

dMNaMmYymux/ kareFVI monoculture

dMNaMrYmpSM supplementary crop

dMNaMlk;ykR)ak; cash crop

dMeNaHRsay n. settlement, ~ dIFøI land

settlement, ~ bec©keTs technical fix

dMeNaHRsayRbkbedaykareyaKyl; ¬min)ac;eTAtulakar¦ amicable settlement

dMeNIrkareTAmux/ kMBug ¬CMnYj¦ to be a going concern dMeNIrkareFVIGaCIvkmµ/ kic© conduct of business

dMbUg initial, mUlFn ~ initial capital, éfø ~initial price

daMéRBeQIeLIgvij/ kar reforestation

edaHdUr ¬TMnij¦ Kña/ kar trade-off

edaHdUredaypÞal;/ kar direct exchange

edaHdUrTMnijnwgTMnij ¬karpøas;bþÚrTMnijKñaeday mineRbIluy¦ barter

edaHdUrenApSarh‘un/ kar stock-exchange dealings edaHT½l/ karlk; distress sale

edaHElg v. release

edaHRsay handle, ~ sßankarN_ handle a situation edaHRsay/ kar resolution, ~ TMnas; conflict resolution

z zbnkmµ ¬m> erobcMtMelIg/ kar¦ zbnIyPNÐ ¬m> FnbMrug¦ reserve

zbnIyCIvmNÐlbwgTenøsab Tonle Sap biosphere reserve zan³ rank

zan³ status, nimitþsBaØasMKal; ~ status symbol

zanKNit land survey

zannþrs½kþi ¬m®nþIraCkar¦ rank

zananuRkm hierarchy

D DIy:aRkam rW KMnUsbMRBYj n. diagram

DIvIDI ¬fasvIedGU¦ DVD


133

DIhSúItal; ¬EdlbgðajCaelx¦ digital

t tkáviC¢a logic

ttiyCnGMNUs n. garnishee

ttiyCn third party

tfPaB reality

téfø v. bargain

tnukmµ depletion

tnuPaB ¬m> kMr/ PaB¦ scarcity

tbkmµ austerity, ~ esdækic© economic austerity tv:a v. protest, complain

tv:a/ kar protest, claim

ts‘Umti/ kar advocacy

tamkalkMNt; adj. periodic, RbB½n§RtYtBinitü ~ periodic-control system, RbB½n§bBa¢aTij ~periodic-order system

tamc,ab; legal, edImTun ~ legal capital,

esckþIsMerc ~ legal decision, GñktMNag ~

legal representative, eFVI[eTA ~ legalise,

PaB ~ legality

tamdan ¬m> XøaMemIl¦ monitor

tamdanbnþ follow-up v. & n.

tamdanemIl/ kar tracking

tamEtGMeBIcitþ arbitrary

taméfø/ Bn§yk ad valorem duty

tamry³enH hereby

tamGMNacmuxgar ex-officio

tarag table, spreadsheet, chart, flow

chart, karelIkCa ~ tabulation

taragkaMebovtSr_ wage scale

taragKNnI chart of accounts

taragtulükar balance sheet, xÞg;eRkA ~

off-balance sheet items, éf¶eFVI ~ balance sheet date taragtulükarsrub ¬bUkcUlEfmnUvbuRtsm<½n§>>¦ consolidated balance sheet taragtulüPaB trial balance

taragBn§Ky customs tariff, tariff

tarageBl¼kalviPaK schedule, ~ sgR)ak; repayments schedule taragGnueRKaHBn§KymanRbsiT§iPaBrYm Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) titßikmµ ¬m> Eq¥teBj>>>¦ saturation, ~ kñúgpSar market saturation, eFVI ~ v. saturate

twgEtg hard, kartéfød¾ ~ hard bargain

twgruwg/ viFankar stringent measure

tulakar court of justice

tulakarBaNiC¢kmµ commercial court

tulükarfvika/ eFVI v. balance the budget

tulükares,óg food balance

tulüPaB balance


134

tUctac adj. minor

tY ¬rfynþ¦ body (car)

tYy:ag/ Ca typical

tYGgÁ actor, ~ esdækic© economic actor

etsþ n. test, eFVI ~ v. test

etsþCab;/ eFVI pass the test (education)

EtgtaMg/ kar nomination, appointment,

accreditation, GñkTTYl ~ nominee, kartaMgs‘ubkñúgzannþrskþiCaPñak;garrdæ)al permanent appointment to the rank of administrative agent tMkl;Tuk/ kar filing

tMkl;R)ak;¼kk; v. deposit

tMNag rW GñktMNag representative, ~

mansiT§iRbTan authorised representative

tMNagkarBarkþI attorney

tMNagRbcaMRbeTs resident representative

tMNagpþac;mux sole representative, exclusive/sole agent tMNagBaNiC¢kmµ commercial traveller

tMNageBjsiT§ full-right representative

tMENg position, ~ TMenr vacant position

tMbn; area, Ékta ~ area unit

tMbn; region, Gnu ~ sub-region, ~ Rbtibtþikar swkrg military sub-region

tMbn; zone, ~ sñÚl core zone, ~ RTnab; buffer zone, Gnþr ~ inter zone

tMbn;/ karEbgEck zoning

tMbn;RtYtBinitüKy ¬tMbn;EdlKyGactamcab; TMnij)an¦ customs territory

tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrIGas‘an ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)

tMbn;PavUbnIykmµ regionalisation

tMbn;ykKMrUtag sampling domain

tMbn;rab;bBa©Úl enumerator area (EA)

tMbn;rab;bBa©ÚlCMerOn census-enumeration area tMbn;esdækic©Biess special economic zone

tMbn;GPivDÆn_Biess special promotion zone (SPZ)

tMrg;Tis oriented (orientated), kar ~ orientation tMrg;Tis v. direct

tMrUv v. mandate, c,ab; ~ fa... the law mandates that.... tMrUv/ kar requirement, R)ak;bMrugtam ~ required reserves tMrUvkar demand, need, ~ Cak;Esþg effective

demand, ~ ¬én¦TIpSar market demand,

~ edIm,Icgsm<½n§ need for affiliation

tMrUvkar ¬caM)ac;CamUldæan¦ needs, karsikSa vaytMélBI ~ needs assessment study,

~ caM)ac; basic needs, ~ CamUldæanrbs;mnusS basic human needs (BHN) tMrUvkar/ ExSekag demand curve


135

tMrUvkar/ minsUvman be in poor demand

tMrUvkar nigkarpÁt;pÁg; demand and supply

tMrUveGay v. ¬eFVIGVImYy¦ require

tMlaPaB transparency

tMelIg v. raise, ~ Bn§ raise tax

tMelIg KuNPaB¼ smtßPaB v. upgrade

tMelIgzan³/ kar ¬buKÁlik¦ promotion (of an employee) tMelIgéfø v. increase price, mark up

tMél cost, value, ~ elIs¼xVH capital gains/loss (accounting)

tMél/ karkMNt; valuation

tMél/ TMnijman valuable goods

tMél/ ry³kalman validity

tMél/ vay¼eGay v. value

tMélkñúgbBa¢I rW tMélKNenyü book value, carrying value

tMélRkumh‘unKittamtMélTIpSarénsnøwkh‘un market capitalisation

tMélxVH capital loss (accounting)

tMélKNenyü book value

tMélcarwk nominal value

tMélcuHelIb½NÑ rW tMélcarwk face value, par value, nominal value tMéltamRbvtþisaRsþ ¬tMélCak;EsþgkalBIeBl TijcUl¦ historic/historical cost

tMéltameBl time value

tMélTijcUl ¬m> tMéltamRbvtþisaRsþ¦ historical cost tMélTIpSar market value

tMélFanik ¬m> tMélTIpSar¦ market value

tMélenAeBlcUl ¬tMélsMPar³eBlTijcUl¦ original cost tMélbc©úb,nñ present value, ~ suT§ net present value (NPV) tMélbEnßm value added (VA)

tMélRbmUl)anvij scrap/salvage value

tMél)an Rbkas¼RbtievTn_ declared value

tMélplitpÞal; ¬KµanbUkcMnayTUeTA¦ direct production cost, prime cost tMélpøas;ecj ¬pøas;rbs;mYyedayrbs;mYy epSgeTot¦ replacement value

tMéllk; ¬)an¦ sales value

tMélelIs ¬elIkarlk;RTBüskmµCab;lab;¦ capital gain

tMélsþg;dar standard cost

tMélGnaKt future value

t,itet,ót/ kar¼PaB austerity, ~ xagesdækic© economic austerity

t,Úg rW t,Úg ¬fµ¦ mantMél gem or gemstone

Rta n. seal

Rtab;tam/ kareFVI simulation/imitate

RtIPaKI adj. tripartite

RtImas quarter

RtwmRtUv correct, right, just, fair, sound


136

eKalkarN_RbkYtRbECg ~ principle of fair competition RtwmRtUv/ PaB correctness, accuracy

RtwmRtUv/ min inaccurate, PaB ~ inaccuracy

RtUvc,ab; licit

RtUvpøas;bþÚrtamkarcaM)ac;/ Edl mutatis mutandis RtYtKña¼KgKña overlap

RtYtKña ¬\tRbeyaCn_¦/ kar duplication

RtYtRta v. control

RtYtRta/ cUl v. ¬edayTijykCag 50°én PaKh‘unrbs;Rkumh‘un¦ takeover, kar ~ n. takeover RtYtBinitü control, inspect, GñkRtYtBinitü controller RtYtBinitükarbþÚrR)ak;/ kar exchange control

RtYtBinitüeRkayskmµPaB/ kar post-action control(s) RtYtBinitüxaghirBaØvtßú/ Gñk (financial) comptroller RtYtBinitüedayeRbIEPñk/ kar visual control

RtYtBinitüénPñak;garKy/ kar customs examination RtYtBinitüebovtSr_nigéfø/ kar wage and price controls RtYtBinitümunskmµPaB/ kar pre-action control(s) RtYtBinitüsþúk/ kar stock control

RtYtemIl/ kar check, ~ nigføwgGMNac checks

and balances RtYsRtay¼Qanmux/ kargar pioneering work

eRtom/ kic©RBmeRBog stand-by agreement

eRtombMrug backup

t¥ÚjEt¥r v. complain

f ftcMlg/ kar duplication

ftdak;Tinñn½y ¬kMuBüÚT½r¦ n. directory

fycuH/ kar decrease

fycuHtamkareRbIR)as;/ RTBü depletive asset

fytMél depreciate

fvika budget, \NTan ~ budget credit,

mUlniFi ~ budget fund, karRtYtBinitü ~ budget control fvikaKµantulüPaB ¬man»nPaB¦ unbalanced budget fvikaTUeTArbs;rdæ state general budget

fvikanIykmµ budgetarization, budget

preparation, naykdæan ~ nig hirBaØkic© department of budgetarization and finance fvikaRbtibtþikar operating budget

zan³ ¬kñúg¦ sgÁm social status

famBlelIs)anBIkarpÁMúKña synergy

fasrwg hard disk (computer)

efr/ éfø constant price


137

efrevlaGnueRKaH grace period (debt repayment) EfTaM/ cMNay upkeep expenses

EfTaMRKb;RKg/ kar stewardship

EfTaMsuxPaB ¬cMNay¦ medical care (expense)

EfTaMsuxPaB/ kar health care, ~ bzm primary health care (PHC)

EfTaM/ kar maintenance, cMNay ~ maintenance costs éf¶kMNt;/ dl; by the due date

éf¶Qb;sMrakmanebovtSr_ holidays with pay or paid holidays éf¶dl;kMNt;sgR)ak; date of maturity, duedate

éf¶TUTat; account day

éf¶TUTat;bBa¢I/ éf¶CMrHbBa¢I settlement day

éf¶eFVIkar working day

éf¶RbKl;R)ak; ¬QñÜl¦RbcaMRtImas quarter- day éf¶rYcput ¬Bn§¦ day-release

fñak; class, ~ eGkUnUmI¼CMnYj¼elxmYy ¬ekAGI ynþehaH¦ economy/business/ first class

fñak; grade (civil servant)

fñak;x<s; ¬zan³kargar¦ senior, m®nþI ~ senior officer fñak;qøg cross class

fñak;rg sub-class

fñaMbgáar vaccine

fñaMsMlab;stVcéRg pesticides

fµmantMél precious stones

fµIEbøk/ Edl¼PaB¼rbs; adj. & n. novelty

éfø n. price, ~ efakNas; bargain/cut price,

~ efakbMput rock bottom price, ~ RBmeRBog

agreed price, ~ lk; selling price

éfø adj. dear, expensive

éfø/ kMNt; v. price, kar ~ pricing, RbB½n§ ~ pricing system

éfø ¬RtUvbg;¦ charge, éføbnÞb; ¬RtUvbg;¦ room charge

éfø ¬lk;¦ ecjBIXøaMg ex-warehouse price

éfø ¬lk;¦ ecjBIeragcRk ex-works price, ex-factory price éfø ¬Ékta¦ unit price, rate

éføx<s;hYsRbmaN ¬éføkab;eqA¦ price cut to the bone éføKitTaMgBn§ duty paid price

éføeKal basic price

éføcrnþ current price, tarag ~ current price list éføCak;Esþg ruling prices

éføQñÜl ¬yanCMniH¦ fare, ~ x<s;¼Tab tamrdUv high/low season fare, ~ eFVIdMeNIrEteTA rWEtmk single/one way fare

éføQñÜlenACMBak; back rent

éføQñÜlGnueRKaH concessionary fare


138

éfødwkCBa¢Ún freight, ~ )anbg;mun freight prepaid éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;edayGñkTTYl freight/ carriage forward éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;edayGñkepJI carriage paid

éfødwkCBa¢ÚnyktaméføTMnij ad valorem freight éfødul gross price

éføedIm cost price, cost, ~ TMnijlk;ecj

cost of goods sold, ~ plitkmµ manufacturing cost éføedImÉktabEnßm marginal cost

éføedIm,IbeBa©jTMnij/ karkMNt; clearance pricing éføEdlGacTijdUr)an accessible price

éføefakdl;)at ¬éføefakNas;¦ rock bottom price éføTak;m:Uy introductory offer

éføTMnijdwkdl;EKmnava FAS (free alongside ship) éføTMnijdwkdl;eKaledA FOB shipment to destination éføTMnijdwkdl;elInava FOB (free on board)

éføTMnijdwkdl;elInava nigerobeGay FOB trimmed éføTMnijdwkdl;elIpøÚvEdk FOR (free on rail)

éføTMnijdwkdl;elIrfynþ FOT (free on truck) éføTMnijdwkdl;Gakasyandæan FOB airport

éføTMnijdwkdl;eRkamdgeyag FOB under tackle éføTMnijbUkéføFanar:ab;rgbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún CIF (cost, insurance, freight) éføTMnijbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún cost and freight (C & F) éføTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer price

éføTMnijeBlehobbiThag closing price

éføRTRTg;CIvPaB cost of living

éfø Fmµta¼crnþ going price

éføeFob relative price

éføenATIpSar rW éføTIpSar market price

éføenARBMEdn border price

éfø)anRbkas quoted price

éføRbkas ¬enATIpSar¦ quotation

éføRbkaslk; offered price

éføRbkYtRbECg competitive price

éføeRbIesva ¬]> eRbIpøÚv/ s<an>>>¦ toll

éføeBj full price ( no discount)

éfømanninñakarfycuH prices are inclined to ease éføykbEnßm surcharge

éføyutþiFm’ fair price

éfølk; selling price

éfølk; ¬efak edayKittamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;¦ cash price éføelI/ kar[ ¬edIm,IRbECgTij¦ counter-offer


139

éføelIRkb ¬éfølk;raycuHelIRkbesovePA/ TsSnavdþI>>>¦ cover price

éføelIbBa¢I ¬kataLúk¦ list price

éføsBVRKb; ¬éføKitbBa©ÚlRKb;mux³ TMnij/ Fanar:ab;rg/ dwkCBa¢Ún>>>¦ all-in price

éføsmRsbnwglT§PaBTijrbs;RKb;Kña prices to suit all pockets éføesva service charge

éføGtibrma ceiling price

éføGnueRKaHdl;GñkTij buyer's price

éføÉkta unit price, rate

T TkSiNRbeTs ¬RbeTsRk¦ south countries

TegVI performance

TNÐkmµ sanction, ~ esdækic© economic sanction

TNÐkmµxagvin½y disciplinary sanction

TNÐit ¬GñkCab;Bn§naKar¦ convict

TTYl/ Gñk receiver

TTYl/ Gñk ¬]> CMnYy¦ recipient, RbeTsTTYl ¬CMnYy¦ recipient country

TTYlxusRtUv/ kar responsibility, liability

TTYlxusRtUv/ PaB trusteeship

TTYlxusRtUv ¬tamc,ab;¦ cMeBaH liable for

TTYlxusRtUvKµankMrit/ kar unlimited liability

TTYlxusRtUvmankMNt;/ kar limited liability

TTYlTMnij/ Gñk consignee

TTYlRBm v. ¬lixitpøas;bþÚr/ rUbiyaNtþi¦ accept

(a bill of exchange), lixitbBa¢ak;kar ~

notification of acceptance, viBaØabnb½Rt ~

acceptance certificate, bgðajlixitedIm,I sMukarbBa¢ak; ~ present a bill for acceptance

TTYlRBmedaymanlkçxNÐ/ kar qualified acceptance TTYlRBmeday\tsMéc/ kar unqualified acceptance TTYlRBmTaMgRsug/ kar absolute acceptance

TTYlsÁal; v. acknowledge, ~ karTTYl mUlb,Tanb½Rt acknowledge receipt of a cheque TTYlsÁal;/ kar recognition, accreditation

Tn;exSay/ ksikr weak farmers, disadvantaged farmers

Tn;Pøn; flexible

T®nÞanykdI/ kar land grabbing

Tb;éfønigebovtSr_mineGayeLIg/ kar price and salary freeze Tb;sáat; v. curb

TliTÞPaB ¬m> RkIRk/ PaB¦ poverty

TsPaK decile n. (statistics), decimal

adj., elx ~ n. decimal

TsvtSr_/ CMerOnRbCaCnRbcaM decennial population census


140

TsSn_lT§PaB n. rW PaBGacTsSn_Tay)an predictability

TsSn³ view, TsSn³rYm overview

TsSnkic©sikSa study tour

TsSnviC¢aesdækic© economic philosophy

TsSnvis½y outlook, perspective

TsSn³esdækic©/ tam from the economic standpoint TsSnaTan concept, conception

Tak;Tg¼Tak;Tin/ Cab; related

Tak;Taj adj. attractive, éfø ~ GtifiCn attractive price

TajcMNUl/ GRta rate of return

Tan;eBl ¬B½t’man¦ up to date (information)

TabCagéføedIm below cost

TamTar sMNgkarxUcxat¼R)ak;b:Hb:Uv v. claimcompensation TamTar/ kar demand, claim

TamTar/ EdlBMuRtUv)an unclaimed

TamTar/ Gñk claimant

TamTarKNenyüPaBBI demand accountability from

Tayk donor

TayC¢Tan endowment

TayC¢Tan allowance, ~ eGaydl;rMls; depreciation allowance

TayaT ¬GñkTTYlmrtk¦ heir

Tar ¬RbmUlR)ak;¦ collect payment, kar ~

collection, TIPñak;garTarbMNul debt collection agency Tarmin)an/ Edl irrecoverable

Tal;Rck/ PaB deadlock, TMlay ~ break the deadlock

Tij purchase, ~ eCO purchase on credit,

Tij/ kar ~ purchase

Tij/ Gñk buyer, purchaser, vendee

Tijykvij buy back, repurchase

TidæPaBxageBlevla time dimension

Tidæakar/ cuH ¬GnuBaØatcMNay¦ endorse v. (an expense) (French: viser) TinikCn ¬m> BlkrsuIR)ak;éf¶¦ day labourer

Tinñn½y data, bBa©Úl ~ v. enter data,

mUldæan ~ n. database

Tinñn½y eqA¼minTan;viPaK raw data

Tinñn½yRbPBTIBIr secondary data

Tinñpl yield

Tinñanub,vtþi journal (accounting) , b½NÑ ~ journal voucher Tis direction

TisedA direction, pþl;TisedAnigkarENnaM provide direction and guidance TisedA n. objective

TIkEnøg site

TIXkal ¬m> ry³eBlEvg¦ long term

TIcat;karKy customs house


141

TIcat;karcuHbBa¢ICapøÚvkar registered office (of a company)

TIcat;karFM head office

TICMrk sanctuary

TICMral watershed TItaMg location

TIRbwkSa adviser (advisor), ~ hirBaØvtßú financial adviser TIpSar market, ~ rUbiyvtßú money/finance

market, ~ biT closed market

TIpSarkMBugpuseT,Ig emerging market

TIpSarEdleKeCOfaGIv:an;nwgcuHéfø bear market TIpSarEdleKeCOfaGIv:an;nwgeLIgéfø bull market TIpSarpþac;mux monopoly/captive market

TIpSarmankarpÁt;pÁg;eRcInCagtMrUvkar soft market TIpSarrUbiyvtßú money market

TIpSar\NTan credit market

TIPñak;gar agency, ~ CMnYy aid agency, ~

BinitülT§PaBmuneBlvinieyaK pre-investment agency

TIPñak;garKmnakar travel agency

TIPñak;gardwkCBa¢Ún forwarding agency

TIPñak;gareTscrN_ travel agency

TIPñak;garpþac;mux sole agency

TIPñak;garrUbiyvtßúkNþal central-monetary

agency TIsMGagbBa¢ak;BIxagFnaKar bank reference

TIsñak;karkNþal ¬énRkumh‘un¦ headquarters

TwkédGn; bad workmanship

TwkEt ¬R)ak;eGayeRkA¦ tip

TwkR)ak; amount, sum, ~ dul gross

amount, ~ énvikáybRt amount of invoice Twksab freshwater, karensaT ~ freshwater

fisheries RtI ~ freshwater fish

Tukcitþ/ karrMelaPesckþI abuse of trust

Tukcitþ/ EdlKYreGay trustworthy

TuqnÞ³ ill-will

TudæPaB ¬karminRBmcUlxøÜneTAtulakar¦ contumacy

TutIyta duplicate (copy)

TuTidæi/ kar)a:n;sµan pessimistic estimate

Tun capital

Tun edIm¼BUC ¬edIm,I[)anduHdal¦ seed capital TunbgVil ¬rW Tuncl½t¦ circulating/working/ trading capital, revolving fund Tunecj/ dk v. decapitalise

TunbMrug capital reserves

TunmnusS/ vinieyaK human-capital investment TunminTan;)anbg; unpaid capital

Tunm©as;h‘unFmµta equity capital


142

TunvinieyaKpSgeRKaHfñak; risk capital (venture capital) TunGcl½t fixed capital

TuBVlPaB ¬m> bBa©úHKuNPaB/ kar¦ degradation

TurKtPaB poverty

TurÖikS famine

TUk boat

TUTat;/ kar settlement, ~ pþac; final

settlement, FnaKarTUTat; settlement

bank, \NTanTUTat; settlement credit

TUTat;/ karmin non-payment

TUTat;/ éf¶ account day

TUTat;/ min adj. unpaid (cheque)

TUTat;Camun/ kar advance payment

TUTat;Cavtßú/ kar payment in kind

TUTat;¼bg; R)ak;ecj v. pay out

TUTat;¼bg; pþac; v. pay off

TUTat;tamdMNak;énCMenOn ¬kargar¦/ kar progress payment TUTat;tamFnaKar/ kar bank clearing

TUTat;tamrebob em:Akar¼qaka/ kar lump-sum payment TUTat;TaMgRsug/ Edl)an fully paid up

TUTat;bMNulTaMgRsug liquidate/discharge a debt TUTat;R)ak;EdlBMuTan;)ansg/ eFVIkar clearing the arrears

TUTat;sgR)ak;CMBak;eK v. pay up

TUeTA general

TUeTA/ PaB generality

TUTaMgRbeTs nationwide

TUrKmn_/ Gasydæan telegraphic address

TUrBum< telex

TUrsar fax

TUlMTUlay adj. comprehensive

eTogTat; adj. regular, R)ak;cMNUl ~

regular income, PaB ~ regularity

eTogTat;/ Ca steadily

eTogTat;/ eday regularly

eTogTat;/ min irregular

eTogeBl/ eday periodically

eTsrdæm®nþI senior minister

eTsPaBkarBar/ tMbn; protected landscape eTas T½NÐ¼bBaØtþi penalty

eTaskmµ offence

eTasT½NÐ/ dak; v. impose/inflict a penalty

eTAvijeTAmk mutual, karCYyKña ~ mutual

assistance, manplRbeyaCn_ ~ mutual benefit TMgn;dul gross weight

TMgn;nicl rW TMgn;gab; dead-weight

TMgn;bøg; design weight

TMng/ PaB likelihood


143

TMnak;TMng relation, liaison,

TMnak;TMng relation, liaison, kariyal½y ~

liaison office, ~ saFarN³ public

relations, ~ GnþrCati international relations TMnak;TMngCMnYjpþac;mux dealership

TMnas; n. conflict, ~ dIFøI land conflict,

~ plRbeyaCn_ conflict of interest

TMnij goods, ~ eRbIR)as; consumer/

consumable goods, ~ eRbIR)as;kñúgpÞH household goods, ~ eFVIedaym:asuIn

manufactured goods, ~ RbNit luxury

goods, ~ xUcKuNPaB faulty goods, ~

qøgkat;¼kñúgsþúk¼epJIeTAlk; goods in transit/ in stock/ on consignment TMnij nigesva goods and services

TMnijKµanGñkTTYl goods in abeyance

TMnijgayxUc n. perishables

TMnijRcbUkRcbl; ¬minTan;EbgEcktamRbePT¦unascertained goods TMnijdwktamnava cargo

TMnijEdlKyXat;Tuk clearance inwards

TMnijEdlputBIKyBinitü clearance outwards TMnijnaMcUl imports

TMnijnaMcUlsMrab;eRbIR)as; ¬kñúgRsuk¦ retainedimports

TMnijnaMecj exports, mux ~ export article/item TMnijbBa¢ÚntamynþehaH air cargo/freight

TMnijminKg;yUr ¬Gahar/ sarB½t’man>>>¦ non-durables TMnijmUlFn rW TMnijCaTun ¬TMnijsMrab;plit TMnijepSg²eTot¦ capital goods

TMnijlk;dac;qab; ¬gaylk;;¦ quick seller

TMnijlk;efakBiess special offer

TMnijlk;mindac;bBa¢Únmkvij sales returns, returns

TMnijGacføwgrWrab;)an fungibles

TMnukcitþ/ Cnkan;tMENgCaTI fiduciary

TMnukcitþelIrUbiyvtßú monetary confidence

TMenIbPavUbnIykmµ¼TMenIbkmµ modernisation,

eFVI ~ modernise

TMenrecal idle, em:ag ~ idle time

TMenar propensity

TMrg; profile

TMrg; nig Kti énc,ab; form and legal concepts of the law TMrg;kar formalities

TMrg;kar ¬m> nItiviFI¦ procedure

TMrg;kar ¬Éksar¦ form (document)

TMrg;kardEdl² n. routine

TMrg;EbbbT formalities

TMrg;EbbbT/ bMeBj fill in a form


144

TMrg;sMbuRt layout of a letter

TMlak;GIv:an;ecalxøHedIm,IsMral ¬nava/ ynþehaH¦ jettison

TMlab;/ Ca habitual

TMlab;¼rebobrbb TIpSar market practice

TMlayPaBTal;Rck/ kar breakthrough

TMhM size, dimension, magnitude

TMenomTMlab;Ep custom of the port (COP)

TMenomTMlab;BaNiC¢kmµ commercial usage

TaMgmUl whole

RTg;RTay form

RTRTg; v. sustain, support, sV½y ~ self-

sustain, ~ CIvit sustain life

RTRTg;KñaeTAvijeTAmk/ CYy mutually supportive

RTnab;; buffer, tMbn; ~ buffer zone

RTBüCitdUcrUbiyvtßú ¬RTBüskmµEdlGacbþÚrCa rUbiyvtßú)any:aggay¦ near-liquid asset or near money RTBübeBaØIenAbreTs ¬m> RTBüskmµbreTs¦ foreign assets RTBümUlFn capital asset, cMNayelI ~ capital expenditure/investment/outlayRTBüm©as; equities

RTBürYmsM)ac;bþIRbBn§ ¬Cam©as;rYmKña¦ community property RTBüskmµ asset, ~ crnþ current asset,

~ Cab;lab; fixed asset, capital asset,

~ CarUbiyb½NÑ foreign assets (bank)

RTBüskmµbreTs foreign assets, ~ suT§ net foreign assets

RTBüskmµsuT§/ tMélBit net worth ( asset based on the present market value deducts current liabilities) RTBüsm,tiþrYmKña co-property

RTBüsm,tþi rW RTBü property, asset, Bn§elI RTBüsm,tþi¼kmµsiT§i property tax, ~ RTBü sm,tþiFmµCati natural asset

RTBüsm,tþirbs;buKÁlEdlsøab; estate

RTBüGkmµ liabilities, ~ crnþ current liabilities RTBüGacbþÚrykR)ak;)anrh½s liquid assets

RTwsþI theory

TVIk³/ RbB½n§éfø dual price system

eTVTis two-way

eTVbT ¬m> CMerIs¦

eTVPaK/ karcuHbBa¢I double entry bookeeping,

viFIcuHbBa¢IeTVPaK double-entry

eTVPaKI/ CMnYy bilateral aid/assistance

F F¶n;F¶r/ eFVIeGayrwtEt exacerbate

FnFan resource, kareRbIR)as; ~ resource

consumption, karKitKUrsMéc ~ husbanding of resources


145

FnFanClpl fisheries resource

FnFanRTBürYm common property resources (CPR) FnFanFmµCati natural resource

FnFanrUbvnþ ¬GaKar/ ]bkrN_>>>¦ physical resources

FnFanesenTik genetic resources

Fnb½Rt ¬m> RkdasR)ak;¦ banknote

FnbMrug reserve, ~ mantémø reserve of

value, KNnI ~ katBVkic© reserve

requirement account, kartMrUv ~ reserve

requirements, PaK ~ reserve tranche

FnbMrugtamc,ab; legal reserves

FnbMrugbreTs foreign reserves

FnlaP annuity, CIv ~ life annuity

FnvDÆPaB ¬m> vibulPaB¦ FnvinÞ ¬m> cMeNj/ PaBman¦ FnaKar bank, ~ kNþal central bank, ~

TTYlR)ak;beBaØI deposit money bank, ~

Cati national bank, ~ epJIR)ak; bank of

deposit, FnaKarik banker

FnaKarqøgeqøIy correspondent bank

FnaKarCUndMNwg notifying bank, advisingbank FnaKarTij]bkrN_TUTat;lixitbMNul discount bank FnaKarTUTat; paying bank

FnaKarebIksar\NTan issuing/opening/ originating bank (letter of credit) FnaKare)aHpSayRkdasR)ak; issue bank

FnaKarmanRKb;esva fully fledged bank

FnaKarrYmPaKh‘un joint stock bank

FnaKar sBa¢½y¼snSM savings bank

FnaKarGBaNiC¢ non commercial bank

FnaKar\NTan credit bank

FnaKarÉkeTs specialised bank

FnaKarik banker FmµnuBaØ charter

FmµnuBaØPaB constitutionality

FmµanurUb ¬m> eBjc,ab;¦ legitimate Frman/ cUlCa come into force

FatucUl input

Fatuecj output, ~ cugeRkay¼sMerc final

output, ~ GnþrkarI intermediate output

FatupSM component

Faturwg hardware (computer)

Fana/ kar guarantee, warranty, ~ TUTat; guarantee of payment, ~ KuNPaB quality

guarantee, rUbiyaNtþiman ~ garanteed bill of exchange Fana/ R)ak; bail (money deposited to free sb from detention until the trial), b½NÑFana bail bond

Fana/ mankar secured, RTBüskmµ ~


146

eBjelj assets fully secured

Fana/ rbs; collateral, security, guarantee,

~ sMrab;R)ak;kMcI guarantee for a loan

Fana/ Gñk warrantor, guarantor

Fana/ GñkTTYl)ankar warrantee

FanakarTUTat;/ R)ak; ¬bUkbEnßmsMrab;¦ del credere

Fanar:ab;rg insurance, Pñak;gar ~ insurance

agent, Rkumh‘un ~ insurance company, viBaØabnb½Rt ~ insurance certificate

Fanar:ab;rg/ kar insurance, ~ eTAvijeTAmk

mutual insurance, ~ RTBüsm,tþi property

insurance, ~ bEnßm additional insurance,

~ pøÚvsmuRT marine insurance, ~ elIeRKaH fñak; accident insurance, ~ elICIvit life

insurance, ~ elIPar³TTYlxusRtUv liability

insurance, ~ haniP½yRKb;RbePT all-risks

insurance, ~ haniP½ybgáedaysRgÁam war-

risk insurance, ~ eRKaHGKÁIP½y fire insurance Fanar:ab;rgdNþb;minsBV/ kar undercoverage(insurance) Fanar:ab;rgbnþ/ ¬kar¦ reinsurance

Fanik/ tMél ¬m> tMélTIpSar¦ Furkic© business

FurCn businessman/woman

Fur³bnÞan;/ edayman distress, karlk; ~ distress sale Føak;cuH/ kar drop

Føak;cuHy:agKMhuk v. ¬]>éføplitpl¦ fall sharply/abruptly Føak;cuHyWt²/ kar decline

Føak;cuHesdækic©/ kar economic recession/

downturn, ~ Caskl global economic recession Føak;¼Føak;cuH v. decrease, karFøak;éfø decrease in price Føak;éfø v. depreciate

Føak;éfø/ kar fall in prices, price decrease

eFVIkareBjem:ag v. work full-time

eFVIkarminekIt/ Edl unfit for work

eFVIkarmineBjem:ag v. work part time

eFVIkarem:agbEnßm v. work overtime

eFVIEkøgkøay/ kar falsification

eFVIcMNakRsuk rW cakRsuk BI¼eTA v. migrate from/to eFVItam ¬m> Rbtibtþitam¦ comply

eFVIviPaCn_ v. ¬m> élEck¦ allocate

eFVIskmµPaBrYmKña v. ¬edIm,IsMerceKaledAGVI mYy¦ act in concert

eFVIGc©½yTanCaclnvtßú v. bequeath

eFVIeGaymansmPaB/ kar equalisation

eFVsRbEhs/ kar negligence, ~ F¶n;F¶r gross negligence


147

n nKrUbnIykmµ urbanisation, RksYgerobcM EdndI ~ nigsMNg; Ministry of Land Management, Urbanisation and Construction (MLMUC) nBVnþ arithmetic, mFüm ~ arithmetic mean

neya)ay/ kmµviFI ¬rbs;KNbkS¦ political platform (of a party) neya)ayrUbiyvtßú monetary policy

neya)aysareBIBn§ fiscal policy

nrCati ¬m> mnusSCati¦ anthropology nantþþPaB ¬m> GtulüPaB¦ namkrN_GaCIvkmµ business name

namb½NÑ business card

namvlI ¬matika¦ nomenclature

nayk director, GKÁ ~ director-general

naykRkumh‘un chief executive

naykRKb;RKg managing director

naykrg deputy manager

nayTun capitalist

narsar messenger

narakrN_/ TukCa v. abrogate

navaPNÐ cargo

nikmµkalik temporary unemployment

nikmµCn ¬m> GñkGt;kareFVI¦ n. unemployed

nikmµPaB ¬m> Gt;kareFVI, PaB¦ unemployment,

R)ak;]btßmÖcMeBaH ~ unemployment benefit,

~ tamrdUv seasonal unemployment

nikçitP½NÐ deposit, ~ Fana guaranteed deposit niekçb mortgage

niekçbKahk mortgagee

nic©PaB perpetuity

niCatUbnIykmµ denationalization

nitüanukUlPaB legality

niTNÐPaB impunity, vb,Fm’ ~ culture of impunity

niTsSn_ prospect

niT§½n ¬m> kS½yFn¦ bankrupt

niT§nPaB ¬m> PaBkS½yFn¦ bankruptcy

ninñakar tendency, ~ fycuH downward

tendency, ~ ekIneLIg rising/upward tendency ninñakar trend, ~ TIpSar market trend

ninñakarneya)ay political affiliation

ninñivarN_ ¬m> h‘u¿B½TÐu/ kar¦ nibulniym Malthusianism

nimitþsBaØasMKal;zan³ status symbol

nimitþehtu symptom

nimµabnkmµ ¬m> sßabtükmµ¦ architecture

nimµitkmµ policy formulation


148

niytkmµ regionalisation, normalisation

niytkr regulator

niytPaB regularity

niymmYyRKa²/ GVIEdleK fad

niyamkar ¬ry³TTwg/ ry³beNþay¦ coordinates nieyaCk employer

nieyaCit employee, EdlykcitþTukdak;eTA elI ~ employee oriented

nirnþrPaB continuity

nirRbevsn_ ¬m> CncMNakRsuk¦ migrant

nivtþCn retiree

nivtþn_/ karcUl retirement

nivasCn rW nivasnCn resident

nivasdæan rW nivasndæan residence

nievTnb½NÑ manifest, manifesto nisSnÞ/ ]bkrN_ derivative instrument (banking) nisSnÞvtßú by-product

nisSarNkmµ extraction, ~ FüÚgfµ coal extraction

niharin ¬m> naMecj/ Gñk¦ exporter

nItikmµ legislation

nItikal ¬sPa¦ legislature (parliament)

nItibuKÁl legal entity/person

nItiBn§ ¬m> GñkeFVIc,ab;¦ nItirdæ rule of law

nItirYm general regulations

nItiviFI procedure, ~ eGayx©IR)ak; lending procedures

nItiviFIRbtibtþikarsþg;dar standard operating procedures nItism,Ta rehabilitation, KMerag ~ rehabilitation project nItisarCati legal substance (French: nature juridique) nItüanukUl legal

nItüanukUlkmµ/ eFVI v. legalise, authenticate

nItüanukUlPaB legality nIrP½y ¬m> suvtßiPaB¦ safety

nIhr½N export, ]btßmÖFn ~ export subsidy nIhr½Nkmµ ¬m> naMecj/ kar¦ nuy n. bait, eRbIluyCa ~ use money as a bait ensaT/ kar fishery, fishing

ensaTRtIhYsRbmaN/ kar overfishing

ensaTsmuRT marine fisheries

enAKrminTan;eFVI/ kargar backlog

naMcUl import, GaCJab½NÑ ~ import permit,

Gñk ~ importer, Bn§ ~ import duty

naMcUl¼naMecj edaypÞal;/ kar direct import/export naMecj export, GaCJab½NÑ ~ export licence,

Bn§ ~ export duty, taragBn§ ~ export tariff,


149

BaNiC¢kmµ ~ export trade

naMecj/ kar exportation or export, ~ pþac;muxmonopoly export, ~ Blkmµ export of workers naMecj/ Gñk exporter, Rkumh‘unnaMecj exporting firm naMecjbnþ/ kar re-exportation

naMmuxeK leading, GaMgDIkaT½r ~ leading indicator naMmuxeKelITIpSar/ plitpl¼Rkumh‘un market leader naMeGay v. prompt

b bktikmµ ¬m> RbRktIPaBkmµ¦ bkáPaB maturity

bkSRbqaMg opposition (party)

bg;Casac;R)ak;/ karsMu cash offer

bg;R)ak;FanaxøÜn v. bail out

bg;R)ak;eBlbBa¢aTij cash with order (CWO) bgálkçN³gayRsYl v. facilitate

bgák freeze, kar ~ ebovtSr_ ¬mineGaycuHeLIg¦/ wage freeze

bgáb; hidden, FnbMrug ~ hidden reserves

bgáan;éd receipt

bgáarkMeNIt/ kar contraception

begáIt/ kar creation, establishment

begáItR)ak;cMNUl/ skmµPaB income-generating activities

bgçMeGayTUTat; v. enforce payment bgçMeGayGnuvtþ/ dak; v. enforce

bgÁrTuk v. accumulate, rMls; ~ accumulated depreciation

bRgYbbRgYm v. unify, kar ~ unification

bgViltMél/ kar ¬mYyqñaMKitmþgCakardwgKuN dl;GtifiCn¦ rebate

bgVilTun/ kar circulation of capital

bgVilvijTan;eBl timely return (of a

cheque,...) ¬nUvmUlb,Tanb½Rt/>>>¦

bgVilsgR)ak;Bn§/ kar ¬Edl)anbg;elIs¦ remission of taxes

bgVilsgvij/ Edlmin non-refundable

bgVileGayvij v. relinquish

bgVwk/ kar coaching

bEgVrépÞkñúg internal transfer

bgðaj v. present

begðIy/ kar completion bg¥g;/ kar check, bg¥g;karnaMcUl put a check on imports bg¥ak;/ kMlaMg restraining force

bg¥ak;Twkcitþ/ eRKOg disincentive

bEg¥k/ mnÞIreBTü referral hospital


150

bc©½yrg side effect

bec©keTs technique, ~ bRgYmsÞÜn double-

deflation technique, ~ GaMgDIkaT½reTal single indicator technique bec©keTsBinitüvaytMél KMerag¼kmµviFI PERT(Programme Evaluation and Review Techniques)

bec©kviTüax<s;/ vis½y high-tech sector

bec©kviTüa technology, ~ fñak;kNþal

intermediate technology, ~ TijBIeK licensed technology, ~ EbbepSg alternative technology, ~ B½t’man information technology (IT), ~ B½t’man nigTUrKmnaKmn_ information and communication technology (ICT) bc©úb,nñPaB/ eFVI v. update

bcäakal/ kñúg a posteriori

bcäaCn descendant

bBa©PaK ¬sßiti¦ quintile

bBa©b; ¬kargar¦/ kar termination

bBa©aM v. pawn

bBa©Úl ¬Kña¦/ kar amalgamation

bBa©ÚlXøaMg put in warehouse, lay in stock

bBa©ÚlCasaxa ¬Rkumh‘un¦/ kar absorption

bBa©úuHtMélrUbiyvtßú/ kar devaluation

bBa©úHKuNPaB/kar degradation

bBa©úHtMél v. ¬]> kñúgkarBüakrN_tMélsnøwk

h‘un¦ downgrade

bBa©úHéfø v. mark down

beBa©j v. release

beBa©jedImTun/ Gñk backer

bBa¢r counter, ~ lk;TMnij selling counter

bBa¢a order, b½NÑ¼kar bBa¢aTij purchase order bBa¢ak; v. specify

bBa¢ak;/ FnaKar confirming bank

bBa¢ak;xagxñg/ Kµan unendorsed

bBa¢ak;CaBaküeBCn_ articulate

bBa¢ak;¼GHGag bEnßm v. corroborate

bBa¢ak;fa)anTTYl/ esckþI acknowledgement (of receipt) bBa¢ak;faBit v. validate

bBa¢ak;éfø/kar confirmation of price

bBa¢ak;nUvkarbBa¢aTij/ kar confirmation of order bBa¢aTij/ kar buying order

bBa¢aTijdMu bulk order

bBa¢aTijEfmeTot/ kar ¬muxTMnijdEdl¦ repeat order bBa¢alk; selling order

bBa¢I list

bBa¢I n. register, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ commercial register bBa¢IexµA blacklist


151

bBa¢IKNenyü books of accounts

bBa¢IeQµaHGñkkan;sBaØab½NÑrbs;Rkumh‘un register of debenture bBa¢Iéfølk; tariff

bBa¢ITMnijdwkCBa¢Ún cargo list

bBa¢IbUkRtYt cumulated list

bBa¢IR)ak;ecjcUl cash book (CB)

bBa¢IrayeQµaH directory

bBa¢Ievcx©b; packing list

bBa¢IsareBIP½NÐeBlkS½yFn statement of affairs bBa¢IsMnYr ¬sMrab;sMPasn_¦ questionnaire

bBa¢I GñkdMeNIr¼TMnijdwkCBa¢Ún ¬tamynþehaH rW nava¦ manifest

bBa¢Ún ¬sar¦/ kar transmission

bBa¢Ún¼bBa¢ÚnTMnij v. dispatch, kar ~ n. dispatch bBa¢ÚnRtLb; v. return, mUlb,Tanb½Rt ~

returned cheque, TMnij ~ returns

bBa¢ÚnTMnij forward goods v.

bBa¢ÚnTMnij/ kar consignment, lixit ~ consignment note bBa¢ÚnTMnij/ Gñk consignor

bBa¢ÚnTMnijCabeNþIr²/ kar instalment shipment bBaÄb; ¬buKÁlik¦ discharge

bBaÄb;/ KNnI blocked account

bBaÄb; ¬GaCIvkmµ¦/ kar termination

bBaÄb;buKÁlik lay off

bBaÄb;BIIkargar v. dismiss, kar ~ dismissal

bBaÄb;GaCIvkmµ/ kar cessation of business

bBaÄr/kareFVIsmahrNkmµ vertical integration (company)

bBaØtþi prescription

bBaØtþi rW bTb,BaØtþii provision (law)

bBaØtþisgÁm social strictures

beBaØI/ bgáan;édTTYlR)ak; deposit receipt

beBaØI/ RbkasnIyb½Rt certificate of deposit beBaØI/ R)ak; deposit, ~ crnþ demand

deposit, ~ snSM savings deposit

beBaØIcrnþ/R)ak; demand deposit bRBa¢ab v. mainstream

bRBa©as/ cuH contra-transfer

bBaðaRbQm challenge

bBaðasøab;rs; life or death issue

bdikar reciprocity

bdiekaslvic©½y counter valuation

bdiKÁahk donee

bdiduløarUbnIykmµ de-dollarisation

bdiniy½tkmµ/ eFVI v. deregulate

bdiPaK counterpart, ~ bdiPaK contra account

bdiPaKI counter party


152

bdirUb specimen

bdilaP ¬m> cMNUl¦ income

bdivtþn_ébtg green revolution

bdivaTkmµ contradiction

bdiesF/ kar refusal, ~ karTTYlRBm refusal of acceptance bdiesFbgÁab;munecal n. countermand

bdiesF)an/ minGac irrevocable,

sar\NTan ~ irrevocable letter of credit

bdiesFelxna cancel an entry (accounting) bznP½NÐ apparatus

bzm primary, tMrUvkar ~ primary need

bNþak;Tun/ kar ¬m> vinieyaK¦ investment

bNþaj grid

bNþaj network, grid, ~ GKÁIsnI power grid/network

bNþaleGay v. cause, prompt

bNþwg rW BakübNþwg complaint

bNþwgvivaT litigation

bNþwgsaFarN³ prosecution

bNþúM set ( a set of goals)

bNþúHbNþal/ kar training, ~ P¢ab;nwgkargar on-the job training, ~ dac;BIkargar ¬]> enAmhaviTüal½y¦ off-the job training

bNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIIv³/ kar vocational training

beNþaHGasnñ temporary, interim,

b½NÑFanar:ab;rg ~ temporary cover,

rdæaPi)al ~ interim government

bNÐit/fñak; Ph.D. degree

b½NÑkmµsiT§i title deed, ~ dI land title

b½NÑkmµsiT§iykCakarmin)an bad title

b½NÑkargar labour card

b½NÑcMNay voucher, ~ ebLa cash voucher or petty-cash voucher, ~

mUlb,Tanb½Rt cheque voucher

b½NÑCMBak;R)ak; promissory note

b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij bill of lading (B/L)

b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas air bill of lading, airway bill, air-consignment note b½NÑdwkCBa¢Únminl¥ foul bill of lading

b½NÑtMNagR)ak; voucher

b½NÑRtYtBinitürbs;Ky clearance certificate b½NÑTTYlTMnij delivery receipt

b½NÑTTYlRBmedayFnaKar bank acceptance b½NÑFanaKuNPaB certificate of guarantee

b½NÑFanar:ab;rgbeNþaHGasnñ temporary cover (insurance) b½NÑFanar:ab;rgelIhaniP½yRKb;RbePT full cover (insurance)

b½NÑbBa¢aTij order form/slip

b½NÑbBa¢aTijmin)anGnuvtþ unfilled orders


153

b½NÑbBa¢aeGayRbKl;TMnij delivery order

b½NÑbþÚrR)ak; letter of exchange

b½NÑpÞúkTMnijRtwmRtUv ¬KµankMNt;RtaBITMnij xus¼xUceT¦ clean bill of lading

b½NÑpÞúkTMnijnava bill of lading (B/L)

b½NÑrtnaKar treasury bond

b½NÑsgR)ak; acquittance roll

b½NÑsnüaFanar:ab;rgmankalkMNt; time policy b½NÑsnüar:ab;rg insurance policy

b½NÑ snüasg¼CMBak;R)ak; promissory note

b½NÑsresrepJIR)ak; deposit slip

b½NÑsac;R)ak; cash card

b½NÑsMeNA\NTan credit slip

b½NÑGnuBaØat warrant

b½NÑ\NTan credit card

bNÑaFikar manager, ~ rg undermanager

bt;Ebn)an/Edl flexible

btüab½n extradition

bTdæan norm

bTENnaMsþIBIebovtSr_nigéfø directives on wages and prices bTbgðaj presentation

bTb,BaØtiTUeTA general provisions

bTbBa¢a instruction, regulations, ~ épÞkñúginternal regulations bTbBa¢a RbtisiT§iCn¼Gñksñgkar trustee

ordinance bTbBa¢aépÞkñúg by-laws (see also articles of association), internal rules bTBiesaFn_ experience

bTmCÄwm ¬kMritTabCagbT]Rkidæ¦ misdemeanour bTelµIs offence

bTelµIsc,ab;Ky customs breach

bTelµIsRBhµT½NÐ crime

bTsMPasn_ n. interview, ~ Bak;kNþal erobry semi-structured interview

bT]Rkidæ felony

bnþ/ dMNak;kalCa succeeding stage

bnþBUC/ énkar adj. reproductive, suxPaB bnþBUC reproductive health

bnþeBl ¬eGay¦/ kar extension

bnþrhUt rW bnþCab; adj. continuous

bnþevn/ Gñk successor

bnþeLIgvijnUvkarnaMecj/ kar ¬eRkay)anp¥ak mYyry³¦ resumption of exports

bnþGaCJab½NÑ v. renew a licence

bnßy ¬éfø/ Bn§¦ n. abate, kar ~ abatement

bnßydl;kMritGb,brma v. minimise

bnßyfvikabnþicmþg² v. pare the budget

bnßyéfø/ kar ¬cMeBaHGtifiCnEdlTijeRcIn¦ rebate

bEnßm additional, supplementary,


154

buBVlaP ~ additional premium bEnßm/ GVIEdl addendum, c,ab;sþIBIc,ab; bEnßm law on addendum

bnÞan; urgent, immediate, kñúgkrNI ~ in

case of emergency, tMrUvkar ~ urgent

need, TisedA ~ immediate objective

bnÞab;bnSM secondary, incidental, minor,

tMrUvkar ~ secondary need

bnÞúk burden,~ Psþútag burden of proof,

~ Bn§ tax burden

bnÞúkcMNay ¬rW bnÞúk¦ charge, cost,

~ cMeBaH GñkeRbIR)as; user costs, ~ Fana r:ab;rgsgÁm social-insurance cost,

~ Rbtibtþikar operational costs, ~ m:ahSúI Nal; marginal cost, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial charge/cost bnÞúkBn§ tax burden

bnÞúkBn§fycuHTabbMput/ kareFVIeGay tax minimisation bnÞúksgÁm social cost

bn§Úr v. ¬sMBaF¦ release

bnøM/ Gñk ¬]> Bn§¦ defrauder

bnSay ¬]> ]sµ½nBul¦ emission

bnSúT§ v. purify

bnSúI ¬Kña¦ v. catalyse

bnSúI v. reconcile

bmaNnIykmµ ¬m> sþg;darUbnIykmµ¦ standardisation

bmaNPaK ¬m> kUta¦ quota

bmaNIykrN_/eFVI ¬m> bBa¢ak;¼GHGag bEnßm¦ corroborate bmanIyKuNPaB rW sþg;darKuNPaB quality standard breTs foreign, RTBüGkmµ ~ foreign

liabilities (bank), RTBüskmµ ~ suT§ net foreign assets brmti paradox

braC½y/ TTYl v. founder

brikb, speculation, ~ esdækic© economic speculation

brikarN_ ¬m> bribT¦ context

brikçarFunF¶n; heavy equipment

briBaØab½Rt/ fñak; bachelor's degree

britþprNa deflation, KMlat ~ deflationary

gap, snÞsSn_ ~ deflator, eFVI ~ esdækic© deflate the economy

briFan apparatus, instrument

bribT/ brikarN_ context

bri)al boss, patron

briplitkmµ overproduction

brimaN quantity, viFIsaRsþviPaKtamEbb ~ quantitative method

brimaNTMnijnaMecj ¬rW naMcUl¦ volume of exports (or imports)


155

briyaTan cost

briyaTanpÞal; direct cost

briyab½nñ/ Ca ¬m> rab;bBa©Úl/ Edl¦ inclusive

briyayb½NÑ prospectus

brilaP ¬m> R)ak;bMNac;muxtMENg¦ emolument brivcäkarI ¬m> CMnYykar¦ assistant

briviskmµmUlb½Rt subscribing to securities

brisßan environment, plb:HBal; ~

environmental impact, kic©karBar ~

environmental protection, snþisux ~

environment security, karemIlcMNuc sMxan;kñúg ~ environment scan

brisßanrUbvnþ physical environment

brihaekrþ×/ karsresr libel

bhar½k drawer

bharit drawee

)ak;Twkcitþ/ Blkr discouraged worker

)ak;Ebk/ GIva:n; ¬minrab;CaRTBüskmµeTenA eBleFVIsareBIP½NÐ¦ breakages

)ak;EbksgÁm/ PaB social polarisation

)a:tg;/ b½NÑ patent licence

)a:tg;/ Bn§ business licence tax

)at;edayKµankarBnül; adj. unaccounted for

)at;bg;/ kar loss

)at;bg;smtßPaB/ kar incapacity, ~ xag bBaØa¼

kaysm,Ta mental/physical incapacity

)at;bg;GñkmanCMnaj/ kar brain drain

)at;bg;ÉkÉg ¬edayFmµCati¦ natural loss

)atuPaBdIFøIøI land dispute, KN³kmµkaredaH Rsay ~ land dispute settlement committee )atuPUteRKaHfñak;manlkçN³CaRbB½n§ systematic-risk phenomenon )anKitbEnßm accrued, cMnUl¼cMnay karR)ak; ~ accrued interest income/expense

)anbg;Bn§/ Edl duty paid, TMnij)anbg;Bn§ duty-paid goods

)a:n;sµan v. estimate, R)ak;cMeNj ~ estimated profit )a:n;sµansamBaØminlMeGog/ kar simple unbiased estimate ):ar:aEm:Rt parameter

bidæielx ¬m> cMNarxñg¦ endorsement bidæielx/ GñkeFVI ¬m> carxñg ¬Éksar¦/ Gñk¦ endorser biTKNnI v. close an account

biTCit/ esdækic© ¬rdæRtYtRtatwgruwgelIBaNiC¢kmµ nighirBaØvtßú¦ closed economy

biTbBa¢I/ kar closing the books

buKÁl person, individual, karFanar:ab;rg ~

individual insurance, , rUbvnþ ~

physical/natural person, nIti ~ legal person/entity


156

buKÁlik personnel, staff, GtßRbeyaCn_pþl; eGay ~ personnel benefits

buKÁlik ¬rdæ¦ Cab;kic©snüa contract (public) employee buKÁlikkariyal½y office personnel, white-collar worker buKÁlikeRcInhYs/ Edlman overstaffed

buKÁlikrdæ government employee

buKÁliklkçN³ ¬KYrkt;sMKal;¦ personality

buRtsm<½n§ ¬Rkumh‘unemkan;kab;h‘unCag 50°¦ subsidiary (company) bunvnkar ¬m> kardaMéRBeQIeLIgvij¦ reforestation bunsmahrNkmµxagsgÁmkic© social reintegration

bunhirBaØb,Tan refinancing (loan)

buBVCn ancestor

buBVlkçxNÐ prerequisite

buBVlaP premium, bonus, ~ Fanar:ab;rg

insurance premium, ~ bEnßm additional premium buBVsiT§i privilege (special right)

buerRbTan ¬R)ak;ebIkeGaymun¦ advance, R)ak; ~ advance money, ~ edaymanvtßúFana advance on securities, ~ sMGagelIÉksar advance on documents bursRsþI/ tYnaTI ¬m> eynD½r¦ gender

buer pre-, ~ GgÁr pre-Angkor, ~ lkçxNÐ

precondition buervinicä½y prejudice

buersm,Tan/ sareBIP½NÐ pre-concession inventory buersI ¬m> Gñkrukrk Er:>>>¦ prospector bunnIhr½N re-export

bunnIhr½Nkmµ re-exportation

bUksrubKNnI v. balance an account

bUrNPaBEdndI territorial integrity

ebIkRkumh‘unfµIedaylk;snøwkh‘unrbs;Rkumh‘unenaH/ karcab;epIþm flotation of a new company

ebIkcMh ¬eq<aHeTAxageRkA¦/ RbeTs outward-looking country

ebIkTUlayvis½yBaNiC¢kmµ open the trade sector ebIkpþl;R)ak;/ kar disbursement, KNnIray mux ~ disbursement account, kalviPaK ebIkpþl;R)ak; disbursement schedule

ebovtSr_ salary, wage, pay, kMcIelI ~ ¬RtUvTar mkvij¦ salary loan, snÞsSn_ ~ salary index

~ cab;epþImbMerIkar starting salary

ebovtSr_/ bBa¢I¼tarag payroll

ebovtSr_/ GñkeFVIkaryk wage-earner

eb bale (of cloth, cotton ... )

ebtikP½NÐ patrimony, ~ Cati national patrimony/heritage ebskkmµ mission, lixitbBa¢a ~ mission


157

letter, esckþIRbkas ~ mission statement,

~ BinitüeLIgvij review mission, ~ elIk mti formulation mission, ~ EsVgrkkarBit fact-finding mission ebLa petty-cash fund

ebLakr/ ebLaFikar cashier, teller (in a bank) EbgEckR)ak;cMeNj/ kar profit sharing

EbgEck v. divide, apportion, distribute,

kar ~ Blkmµ division of labour, R)ak; cMeNjmin ~ undivided profits

EbgEckKuNPaB/ kar grading

EbgEckPaKh‘un/ kar allotment of shares

EbgEckeLIgvij/ kar redistribution

EbbbT formalities, bMeBj ~ fulfil formalities

EbbbT manner

EbbbTniym red tape

EbbbTénkarvinieyaK modality of investment EbbbTRbtibtþikar modus operandi

EbbbTpþl;hirBaØb,Tan financing modalities

bMNg intention

bMNgGaRkk; ill-will

bMNinCIvit life skill

bMNul debt, kUn ~ debtor, em ~ debt

holder, smaPaK ~ debt ratio, ~ Cati national debt, ~ man¼Kµan dak;RTBüFana secured/unsecured debt, ~ Tarmin)an

irrecoverable debt, ~ Bi)akTar¼GaRkk; bad debt, ~ sgS½y doubtful debt

bMNul liability

bMNuledaHdUrnwgFmµCati debt-for-nature swaps bMNulyWty:avminTan;sg arrears

bMENgEck apportionment

bMEbkray/ düaRkam dispersion diagram

bMEbkGgÁpSM/ kar disaggregation

bMe)a:g inflate, éfø ~ inflated price

bMEbøg/ kar transformation (products ...)

bMpuskarPJak;rlwk v. sensitise

bMpusTwkcitþ v. motivate

bMBan v. contravene

bMBanelInItiviFI/ kar abuse of process

bMBul/ kar pollution, ~ xül; air pollution

bMeBjxat/ R)ak; subsidy, subvention

bMeBjTMrg;EbbbT fill in a form

bMeBjEbbbTKy ¬edIm,InaMcUl rW naMecjTMnij¦ clear goods through customs bMeBjeLIgvij v. replenish

bMeBjeGayKñµaeTAvijeTAmk/ Edl complementary bMPan;/ Edl fallacious


158

bMPitbMP½y v. intimidate

bMPøI clarify

bMrugxVH/ R)ak; deficient reserves

bMrugTuk reserved, éRB ~ reserved forest

bMerIGaCIBeGayxøÜnÉg/ Cn self-employed people bMErbMrYl n. variation

bMlas;esdækic© ¬BiessBIrcnasm<½n§eyaFamk rcnasm<½n§esdækic©minEmneyaFa¦ economic conversion b:HTgÁic/ kar shock, kar ~ xagkargar employment shock, kar ~ xaghirBaØvtßú financial shocks b:Hb:Uv/ kar compensation

b:Hb:Uvvij v. offset

e)aHeqñat/ kar vote, poll, ~ sMEdgkarTukcitþ vote of confidence

e)aHeqñatedayelIkéd/ kar show of hands

e)aHeqñatsaCafµI/ kar re-election

e)aHeqñateLIgvij/ kar by-election ( to replace an elected official who has died or resigned) e)aHeqñateGayKNbkSepSg/ kar ¬eRkABI KNbkSxøÜn¦ cross-voting

e)aHRtabiT v. seal

e)aHbg; v. abandon, relinquish

e)aHbg;/ kar abandonment, ~ muxCMnYj ¬GVI mYy¦ abandonment of a trade

e)aHbg;ecalkic©snüa/ kar ignore the contract, avoidance of contract e)aHbg;Parkic©/ kar dereliction of duty

e)aHR)ak;kak; v. coin (make coins out of metal) e)aHpSay/ rUbiyvtßú currency issued

e)aHpSay/ kar ¬RkdasR)ak;¦issuance

e)aHBum<pSay v. publish

bþwg TamTarRTBübBa©aM¼TamTarniekçbRTBü¼ GMNUs foreclose v. the mortgage

bþwg v. sue

bþwgecaTRbkan;/kar prosecution

bþwgtv:a/ Gñk complainant

bþwgtampøÚvtulakarcMeBaH v. take legal action against ebþCJa/ kar ¬karsnüadac;Nat;¦ commitment

bþÚr/ kar conversion, GRta ~ conversion price/rate bþÚr¼lk; ykR)ak; ¬]> sBaØab½NÑ¦ redeem

bþÚrevnkargar/ kar job rotation

RbkarFanaTUTat; del credere clause

Rbkas \NBn§¼\NTan debit/credit advice

Rbkas/ kar¼esckþI declaration, proclamation RbkasCa saFarN³¼pøÚvkar BI cMeNj¼kMhat post a profit/loss Rbkas¼RbtievTn_/ tMél)an declared value

Rbkaséfø/ kar quotation, ~ snøwkh‘un share


159

quotation RbkasFnaKar bank statement

RbkasnIyb½Rt¼)a:tg; ¬GnuBaØat[RbkbGaCIvkmµ¦ patent RbkaspSay rW RbkaspSayCasaFarN³ v. publish

RbkasB½t’man press release

RbkYt/ kar contest

RbkYtRbECgRtwmRtUv/ eKalkarN_ principle of fair competition RbkYtRbECg v. compete

RbkYtRbECg/ kar competition, ~ esrI free

competition, pSar ~ competitive

market, éfø ~ competitive price

RbkYtRbECg/ PaB competitiveness

RbEkkdac;Ghgáar/ kar flat denial

RbRktI/ PaBmin ¬mankMhus¦ irregularities (mistakes) RbRktI/ min irregular

RbRktIPaBkmµ normalisation

ERbRkLas;)an/ minGac adj. irreversible

ERbRkLas;)an/ Gac adj. reversible

RbKl; v. deliver, ~ enAkEnøg)anbg;Bn§ehIydelivered at duty paid, ~ enARBMEdn

delivered at frontier, ~ TMnijeBlmankar TUTat; delivery against payment, ~ TMnij tamdMNak;kal delivery by instalments,

kar ~ delivery, karmin ~ non-delivery

RbKl;eGay/ kar ¬]>kat;eGayeTAm©as;bMNul¦ cession

RbKl;kic©snüaeGay award a contract

RbKl;TMnijxVH/ kar short delivery

RbKl;TMnijRbKl;R)ak; cash on delivery (COD) RbKl;R)ak;eBl)anTTYlÉksar cash against document (CAD) RbcaMEx monthly, cMNUl ~ monthly income RbcaMqñaM annual, KMeragfvika ~ annual budget RbcaMRtImas quarterly adj. & adv.

RbcaMéf¶ daily, cMnUllk; ~ daily sales return

RbqaMg anti, mInRbqaMgmnusS anti-personnel mine

RbqaMg rW CMTas; opposition

RbqaMgnwgkarlk;bgçÚcéfø anti-dumping, Bn§ ~ anti-dumping duty RbCaCn population, eKalneya)ay ~ population policy RbCaCneRcInhYs overpopulation

RbCaCnedIm indigenous people

RbCaCnminEmnGñkTIRkug non-urban population

RbCaCnsamBaØ ordinary people, grassroots


160

RbCaCati nation

RbCanuvDÆn_ democratisation

RbCaFibetyüPavUbnIykmµ democratisation

RbCaPiftik³ ¬m> GñkbeBa©IcraRsþ¦ demagogue

RbECg/ Gñk ¬éfø/ TIpSar>>¦ competitor

RbECgtamKMrUl¥/ kar emulation

RbCMu/kar meeting

Rbdab;Rbdar tool, ~ eRbIR)as;kñúgpÞH ¬BiesspÞH)ay¦ utensil

RbDit/ cMeNj imaginary profit

RbNit luxury, TMnij ~ luxury goods,

BaNiC¢kmµvtßú ~ luxury trade

RbtiRkanþelxna/ eFVI reverse an entry, contra-transfer RbtiXat repercussion (of an incident)

RbtiTin calendar, time schedule, qñaM ~ calendar year Rbtibdivtþn_ counter-revolution

Rbtibtþi adj. executive, nayk ~

executive director, KN³kmµaFikar ~ executive committee

Rbtibtþi/ dak;eGay v. enforce, Gacdak; eGay¼mantMél ~ enforceable, kardak; eGay ~ enforcement

Rbtibtþikr operator

Rbtibtþikar operation, ~ Fanar:ab;rg insurance operation

Rbtibtþikar ¬CMnYj¦ transaction

RbtibtþikarelIrUbiyvtßú currency operation

RbtibtþikarKitCa luy¼rUbiyvtßú monetary transaction Rbtibtþitam v. comply, kar ~

compliance, karmin ~ non-compliance

RbtiPUkmµGMNac delegation of power

RbtiPUkmµGMNac/ eFVI v. delegate power

Rbtimti paradox

RbtievTn_ declaration, ~ Ky customs declaration

Rbtiskmµ retroactive, \T§iBl ~ retroactive effect RbtisiT§iCn trustee (one to whom a right has been assigned by will, gift... French: ayant cause) RbtiRsut authorised, recognised, licensed,

FnaKar ~ authorised bank, buKÁl ~ authorised person RbtiGaNtþi/ ecj n. countermand

RbfuyRbfan v. risk, take risk, PaB ~ n. risk

RbQmmuxKña/ kar confrontation, karRbCMu ~ confrontation meeting

RbeTslUtlas;ticCageK least developed countrries (LDCs)

RbeTsGn;fy underdeveloped countries

RbeTsGnaPivDÆn_ underdeveloped countries


161

RbTaMgRbeTIsépÞkñúg/ Edl paradoxically

RbFan chairman, ~ GgÁRbCMu chairman of the meeting RbFanskþi force majeure, act of God

RbFansþITI acting chairman/chairwoman

RbB½n§/ Ca systematic, karcuHbBa¢IdIFøI ~ systematic land registration RbB½n§/ bTBiesaFn_manlkçN³Ca structured experience RbB½n§kat;R)ak;dak;shCIBedaynieyaCk checkoff RbB½n§éføBIr dual price system

RbB½n§TUTat; payment systems

RbB½n§TUTat;bNþak; instalment system

RbB½n§nIykmµ systematise

RbB½n§bþÚrR)ak;tamsþg;darmas gold-standardsystem RbB½n§Rbtibtþikar operative system

RbB½n§pSBVpSay ¬B½t’man¦ mass media

RbB½n§Bn§kat;TukelIR)ak;ebovtSr_ pay as you earn (PAYE) RbB½n§Bn§fycuH ¬fyGRtaBn§enAeBlcMNUl ekIneLIg¦ regressive tax system

RbB½n§Bn§smamaRt proportional tax system

RbB½n§erobcMÉksar filing system

RbB½n§smamaRt ¬e)aHeqñat¦ system of proportional representation

RbB½n§sareBIP½NÐnirnþn_ perpetual inventory system RbB½n§sV½yBRgwg self-reinforcing system

RbBlkmµ rW RbBlvb,kmµ/ intensification,

~ ksikmµ agricultural intensification

RbBlkmµedImTun ¬EdleRbITun¼m:asIun eRcIn¦ capital intensive RbéBNI/ Ca adj. traditional, rebobrs;enA ~ traditional way of life

RbRBwtþxus v. act wrongly, infringe

RbRBwtþi ¬xøÜn¦/ kar conduct

RbRBwtþikmµ n. treatment

RbPBedIm origin, viBaØabnb½Rt ~ certificate

of origin, RbeTs ~ country of origin

RbePT type, category

RbePTesÞIrputBUC endangered species

RbmaN approximately

Rbmaftulakar/ kar contempt of court

RbmUl/ kar collection, ~ bMNul debit collection RbmUl/ Gñk collector, ~ Bn§ tax collector,

~ R)ak; money collector, ~ Tijplitpl ksikmµ farm produce collector

RbmUl ¬Tar¦ min)an/ Edl irrecoverable

RbmUlmkvij/ kar recovery (debt)

RbmUlmkvij/ EdlGac recoverable (debt)

RbmUlR)ak; collect money, Pñak;gar¼FnaKar


162

~ collecting agent/bank, esah‘uyCYy ~ collecting charge RbmUlR)ak;eRkay)anTTYlÉksar/ kar documentary collection

RbmUlpMúþ v. gather

RbmUlpþMú/ kar concentration, ~ dIFøI land concentration RbmUlpþúM/ tYelx n. aggregate

RbmUlB½t’man v. collect information, take

up references, ~ mkBinitüeRbobeFob collate

RbmUlvij salvage

RbmUlÉksar/kar documentary collection

RbemIleXIj/ min)an unforeseen

RbemIlemIlGnaKt/ kar outlook

RblgRbECg/ kar competitive examination

Rbvtþi background, record, ~ eCaKC½y¼ braC½y track record

RbvtþisaRsþ/ CMhanmanGtßn½yCa historical steps

Rbevsn_/ Psþútag admissible evidence

RbsiT§PaB efficiency, éf¶ ~ effective date

RbsiT§PaBcMNay/ Edlman cost-effective

RbsiT§PaBfamBl energy efficiency

RbsiT§PaB/ eFVIeGayrwtEtman v. rationalize

RbsUtikmµ/ GRta ¬m> kMeNIt/GRta¦ birth rate

RbesIr ¬bMput¦/ eFVIeGay)an optimize

RbesIr/ eFVIeGay v. upgrade

RbesIrbMput/ karélEck optimal allocation

RbesIreLIg/ kareFVIeGay amelioration

R)aRs½yTak;Tg/ kar communication

RbEhl approximately

RbEhsePøcPøaMg/ kar oversight

RbeLaH range, ~ éfø price range, ~

¬cMgay¦emIleXIj range of vision

R)akdkñúgcitþ/ PaB assurance

R)akdniym realism

R)ak; ¬rUbiyvtßú¦ money

R)ak; edIm¼BUC seed money

R)ak;kk; down payment/deposit

R)ak;kas/ Tak;Tgnwg pecuniary, ehtupl xagluykak; pecuniary motives

R)ak;kMér wage, pay, kargarsuI ~ wage work

R)ak;Ex salary, ~ minTan;bg; back pay

R)ak;x©ImanR)ak;karx<s; dear money

R)ak;gab; rW R)ak;minykeTAeFVIkarrksIu dead money R)ak;cMNUl income, proceeds, ~ suT§ net income/proceeds

R)ak;cMNUld¾sþÜcesþIg pittance

R)ak;cMNUleRkaykat;Bn§ take home pay

R)ak;cMeNj profit, ~ suT§ net profit, ~

rkSaTuk retained earnings


163

R)ak;QñÜl ¬Blkr¦ wage

R)ak;QñÜl ¬GclnRTBü nigclnRTBü¦ rental

R)ak;QñÜl ¬sMxan; GclnRTBü¦ rent

R)afñad¾elIslub/ kar ¬m> mhicäta¦ ambition

R)ak;TUTat;ecj ¬]> edayRkumh‘unFanara:b;r:g¦ payout R)ak;Fana bail cover

R)ak;bg;CYyRkumh‘unNamYy ¬]> BIrdæaPi)al¦ n. payout R)ak;bg;dl;éd prompt cash

R)ak;bg;dMbUg down payment

R)ak;bg;TaMgdul lump-sum

R)ak;bg;pþac; payoff

R)ak;bEnßm bonus, ~ sMrab;RTRTg;CIvPaB cost of living bonus

R)ak;beBaØI deposit, ~ mankalkMNt; fixed deposit R)ak;beBaØIkMBugepÞr deposit in transit

R)ak;beBaØIcrnþ call deposit

R)ak;beBaØI;enAFnaKar bank deposit

R)ak;beBaØImankalkMNt; time deposit, fixed

deposit, KNnI ~ time deposit account

R)ak;beBaØIGacebIk)antamsMeNI ¬min)ac;R)ab; FnaKarCamun¦ sight deposit

R)ak;buerRbTan ¬R)ak;ebIkmun¦ cash advance

R)ak;bMNac; remuneration

R)ak;bMNac;eBlQb;eFVIkar severance

payment, golden handshake

R)ak;bMNac;muxtMENg emolument

R)ak;bMNac;sMrab;nisSit student stipends

R)ak;bMrug)anx©I ¬EdlFnaKarnana)anx©IBI FnaKarkNþal¦ borrowed reserves

R)ak;bMrugelIs excess reserve(s)

R)ak;pþl;bEnßmsMrab;kargarmaneRKaHfñak; danger money R)ak;Bin½y forfeit money

R)ak;ruWERtt ¬m> esaFnnivtþn_¦ pension

R)ak;elIsxVH ¬bnþicbnþÜckñúgebLa¦ cash over and short R)ak;viPaCn_ financial appropriation

R)ak;viPaCn_sgÁm social welfare/security

R)ak;sKuN gratuity, honorarium

R)ak;snüaeGay pledge

R)ak;snSMtamTMlab; traditional savings

R)ak;sMNgRbcaMqñaM annuity

R)ak;Gab; change, change fund

R)ak;]btßmÖ benefit, ~ éføBüa)al medical benefit R)ak;]btßmÖ ¬BIbþIeTARbBn§ rW BIRbBn§eTAbþI eRkayeBlElgKña¦ alimony

R)ak;]btßmÖRKYsar family allowance(s)

R)ak;]btßmÖeBlQW sick pay

R)atiePaK ¬m> rbs;Fana¦ security

R)atiePaKbMNul ¬vtßúdak;FanabMNul¦ lien


164

R)afñad¾elIslub/ kar ambition

RbwgERbgKµan)anpl/ kar unavailing efforts

RbugRby½tñ/ viFankar prudential measure

RbU)ab‘ÍlIet probability

eRbIR)as; v. consume, TMnij ~ consumer

goods, GñkeRbIR)as; consumer

eRbIR)as;/ kar consumption, ~ kñúgRsuk domestic consumption

eRbIR)as;)an/ EdlminGac unusable, unserviceable eRbIGs;/ kar depletion

eRbgkat petroleum

eRbgeqA crude oil

eRbg\n§n³ petroleum, kic©RBmeRBogsþIBI snþisux ~ petroleum security agreement

eRbv:aLg;¼PaBCaTUeTA prevalence

eRbsit¼ebskCnBiess envoy

ERbRbYl adj. variable

ERbRbYl/ kar variation

ERbRbYlxusPaBedIm/ kar distortion

éRb/ karERbCa ¬]> dIéRb¦ salination or salinisation bøg; n. plan, design, ~ KMrUtag sample

design, ~ GaCIvkmµsµúKsµaj complex business plan

bøg;kEnøg ¬rcna¼erobcM¦ layout

bøg;KNenyüTUeTA chart of general

accounting bøg;cMbg grand plan

bøg;eRcIndMNak; multi-stage design, ~

minsamBaØ complex multi-stage design

bøg;sMbuRt layout of letter

bøg;sV½yTMgn; self-weighting design

bøúk block

p pl proceeds

pl elIs¼elIsBItMrUvkar surplus

pl/ EdlKµan)an unremunerative

pl/ Edlman adj. pragmatic

plEck n. quotient

plcMeNjkñúgcMnYny:ageRcIn healthy profit

plcMeNjÉktabEnßm ¬kñúgkMeNInmYyÉkta plitpl¦ marginal benefit

plTun income

plTunkñúgRsuk domestic income (DI)

plTunCati national income

plTunCatisrub ¬m> plitplCatisrub¦ gross

national product (GNP), ~Bit real GNP

plTunCatisuT§ net national product

plb:HBal; impact, ~ xagesdækic© economic impact, ~ xagsgÁmkic©© social impact


165

plb:HBal;bnÞab;bnSM trickle-down effect, side effect plbUk sum

plRbeyaCn_ interest, ~ cak;b£s vested interest plRbeyaCn_esµIKña equality benefit

plRbeyaCn_ÉktabEnßßm marginal utility

plrbr turn over, sales

plry³eBlxøI short-term payoff

plelIs)andl;plitkr producer surplus

plvi)ak bad consequence, disadvantage, inconvenience

plsMerc end result

plGaCIvkmµ ¬m> plrbr¦ turnover

plitkmµµ production, KNnI ~ production

accounts, cMNay ~ production cost,

ExSsgVak; ~ production line, RbB½n§ ~

production system, kic©snüaEbgEck ~ production-sharing contract (PSC), ~

CIvRBwtþi subsistence production, ~ es,óg CalkçN³RKYsar family food production

plitkr producer

plitkñúgRsuk locally made

plitRTg;RTayFM/ kar mass production

plitenApÞH homemade

plitpl commodity, KNnI ~ commodity

accounts, ~ ksikmµCamUldæan basic

commodities

plitpl product, ExS ~ ¬plitplRbhak; RbEhlKñamYyExS¦ product line/range,

cMnYnmux ~ product breadth, Fun ~ ¬kñúgExS plitpl¦ product depth, l,ay ~

¬plitplTaMgGs;Edldak;lk; rW pliteday shRKasNamYy¦ product mix

plitplkaksMNl; scrap product

plitplkñúgRsuk domestic product, ~ srub ¬pss¦ gross domestic product (GDP)

plitplCati national product, ~ srub gross national product (GNP) plitplbnÞab;bnSM by-product

plitplbrisßanCati eco-national product (ENP) plitplRbNitfáúMefáIg prestige product

plitplsgÁm social product

plitplsMerc final product/goods, finished products/goods

plitples,óg food products/stuffs

plitPaB productivity, smaPaK ~

productive ratio, ~ énBlkmµ labour

productivity, ~ énTun capital productivity

plitPaB/ man adj. productive, RTBüskmµ ~ productive assets

plitminRKb;RKan;/ kar underproduction

pss ¬plitplkñúgRsuksrub¦ GDP (gross domestic product)


166

pak¼pakBin½y/ R)ak; fine

pat;ecj v. deduct, kar ~ deduction

pakBin½y/ kar fine

pat;rMls;/eRkay)an after deducting depreciation pasukPaB comfort

putkMNt;énkic©snüa/ kar expiration of a contract Epnkar n. plan, ~ vinieyaK investment

plan, GñkeFVI ~ planner

Epnkar/ kareFVI¼ksag planning

Epnkarkmµ ¬m> eFVIEpnkar/ kar¦ planning EpnkareKal master plan

EpnkarcMNUlcMNaysac;R)ak; cash budget

EpnkarTukGnuvtþCayfaehtu contingency plan EpnkaryuT§saRsþsMrab;RTRTg;vis½yGb;rM Education Sector Support Programme (ESSP) Epnkarlk; ¬tYelx¦ sales target

EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic© Socio-Economic Development programme (SEDP)

EpnkarI n. planner

EppÞúkTMnij loading/lading port

pÁt;pÁg;/ kar¼sMPar³ supply, GñkpÁt;pÁg; supplier pÁt;pÁg;nigtMrUvkar/ kar supply and demand

pÁt;pÁg;rUbiyvtßú/ kar money supply

pÁt;pÁg;saFarN³/ kar utilities

ep¢ak v. saturate

epJI v. dispatch

epJIRtLb;vij v. send back

epJITuk/ kar ¬dak;TMnijeGayGñkepSgkan;kab; EtGñkenaHBMuEmnCam©as;kmµsiT§ieT¦ bailment

epJIeTAbuKÁlCaeRcIn/ Edl circular, b½NÑ\NTan epJIeTARKb;saxa ¬énFnaKarEdlecjva¦ circular letter of credit epJIeTARbmUlR)ak; v. send for collection

epJIR)ak; v. deposit money (in a bank),

b½NÑsresr ~ deposit slip

epJIR)ak;/ Gñk depositor

epJIR)ak;ecj/ kar remittance

epJIlk; sale or return (the retailer pays only for the sold goods and returns the remaining to the wholesaler) pþl;CMnYy/ Gñk donor

pþl;Tun finance v.

pþl;nigtMrUvkar/ kar offer and demand

pþl;nUvkarR)ak; v. bear interest

pþl;eyabl;/ Edl advisory, muxgarpþl; eyabl; advisory function

pþl;rgVan;eGay v. award

pþl;sc©ab½n/ kar ratification

pþl;saeLIgvij ¬\NTan¦ v. roll over


167

pþl;siT§i v. give right, entitle

pþl;siT§iGMNac v. empower, mandate

pþl;siT§iGMNac/ kar empowerment

pþl;eGay/ R)ak; endowment

pþl;eGaymun/ R)ak; advance money

pþl;ÉksarRbKl;TMnijenAeBlsgR)ak; documents against payment (D/P) pþac;kar/ GMNac¼RbeTskan;rbb autarchy pþac;mux/ eFVI v. monopolise, PaBpþac;mux monopoly pþac;mux/ GñkEckcay sole distributor

pþac;mux adj. ¬éfø¦ monopolistic (price)

epþImmux adj. preliminary, karBiPakSa ~ preliminary discussion

epþk adj. horizontal

epþat v. focus

pþúM/ kar rW karpþúMGgÁpSM aggregation

pþMúcUlKña v. agglomerate

pþÜcepþImKMnit/ kar initiative

pÞal; rW edaypÞal; adj. direct

pÞal;/ GñkemIlkarxusRtUv immediate supervisor pÞal;xøÜn personal, kareRbIR)as; ~ persoal

consumption, sMPar³eRbIR)as; ~ personal

effects, RTBü ~ personal property

pÞal;mat; verbal, oral, kic©RBmeRBog ~ verbal agreement

epÞr v. transfer, lixit ~ transfer deed, R)ak; ~ TUTat; transfer payments, kardak;éføedIm,I ~

R)ak; transfer pricing, kar ~ transfer

epÞr ¬kmµsiT§i¦/kar rW ÉksarepÞr conveyance,

lixitepÞrkmµsiT§iGclnRTBü deed of conveyance epÞr ¬R)ak;¦taméRbsnIy_/ kar mail transfer

epÞr ¬eGayeK¦/ Gñk transferor

epÞrkmµsiT§i/ lixit ¬BIkUnbMNuleTAm©as;bMNul¦ deed of assignment epÞrkmµsiT§iGclnRTBü/ lixit deed of conveyance

epÞrkmµsiT§i/ kar transfer of ownership,

alienation, ~ dI land alienation epÞrTunBIpSarmYyeTApSarmYyedIm,IeqøótrkkMér/

kar arbitrage

epÞr)an/ Gac transferable, \NTan ~ transferable credit epÞrR)ak;edayTUrKmn_/ kar telegraphic/ cable transfer epÞrR)ak;enAFnaKar/ kar bank transfer

epÞrBIyanmYyeTAyanmYy v. ¬edIm,Idwkbnþ¦ tranship or transship

epÞrsiT§i/ lixit proxy

epÞreGay/ GñkRtUv)aneK transferee

epÞrGMNac transfer power, delegate power epÞógKñaeTAvijeTAmk cross check


168

epÞógpÞat;FnaKar/ kar bank reconciliation

épÞkñúg internal, svnkmµ ~ internal audit,

kic©kar ~ internal affairs

pÞúk nig erITMnij/ kar loading and unloading of goods pÞúyKña/ PaB contradiction, contrast

pÞHkBa©k; greenhouse, bc©½y ~ greenhouse

effect, ]sµ½n ~ greenhouse gas

pÞHsMEbg/ PaBKµan homelessness

pÞHsMEbg ¬xÞg;cMNay¦ housing

pÞHsñak;enA/ karpþl; housing

pñt;KMnit n. stereotype

Epñk section, category

pøakFug bin tag

pøas;ecjedaydak;vin½y/ kar disciplinary transfer pøas;bþÚr/ kar change

pøas;bþÚrBaNiC¢kmµ v. trade

pøas;bþÚreLIgvij/ kar rW karerobcMeLIgvij reconversion

pøÚvkar/ Ca adj. official, formal, esckþI bBa¢ak; ~ official confirmation

pøÚvkar/ Gñk¼m®nþI n. official

pøÚvcitþ/ katBVkic© moral obligation

pøÚvc,ab;/ tam de jure

pøÚvTwk waterways

pøÚveTAdl; road to, access road, access

Epøpáa/ Edlman fruitful

pSBVpSay ¬c,ab;>>>¦ v. publicise

pSBVpSay ¬tamviTüú >>>¦ v. broadcast

pSBVpSay ¬lk;plitpl¦/ kar promotion (of a product) pSBVpSay/ kar dissemination

pSayBaNiC¢kmµ v. advertise, kar ~

advertisement, advertising, yuT§nakar ~ advertising campaign pSarkñúgRsuk domestic/home market

pSarxøaMg ¬TIpSarmanGñkTijeRcIn¦ strong market pSarexSay ¬minsUvmanGñkTij¦ weak market

pSarggwt black market, éfø ~ black market price pSarTun capital market

pSarh‘un stock market, stock exchange

pSa‘¿nwgGakasFatufµI v. acclimate

epSg² ¬eQµaHKNnIcMnay¦ miscellaneous

pSHpSa v. conciliate, kar ~ conciliation

pSHpSaeLIgvij v. reconcile, kar ~ reconciliation p¥ak v. suspend, adjourn

p¥ak/ kar suspension

p¥ib/ KNnI blocked account

p¥wb rW bBaÄb; rW bgák frozen, KNnI ~ frozen

account, RTBü ~ rW RTBüCab;kþI frozen assets


169

B BRgIk/ kar expansion

BRgwgkarGnuvtþn_ v. enforce

B½t’manRtLb; feedback

B½t’manbEnßm/ tarag¼Éksar supplementary schedule Bn§ ¬CaBiessBn§bEnßm¦ n. levy

Bn§ ¬Biess Bn§Ky/ GakrBiess¦ duty

Bn§ n. tax, ~ elIR)ak;cMeNj tax on profit,

~ visamBaØ emergency tax, Pñak;garkMNt; ~

tax assessor, karecosvag ~ ¬edayc,ab;man cenøaHRbehag¦ tax avoidance, karRbmUl ~

tax collection, \NTan ~ tax credit,

kareKc ~ ¬elµIsc,ab;nigRtUvmaneTasT½NÐ¦ tax evasion, elIkElg ~ adj. tax exempt,

karelIkElg ~ tax exemption, vism ~ rW ry³eBlrYc ~ tax holiday, cenøaHRbehagén ~ tax loophole, »kashUt ~ tax moments,

karbg; ~ tax payment, qñaMbg; ~ tax

payment year, GRta ~ tax rate, karbnßy ~ tax rebate, cMNUl ~ tax revenues, tax

receipts, karkat;bnßy ~ tax reduction,

karbn§Úrbnßy ~ tax relief, cMNat;kar ~ rW RbRBwtþikmµ ~ tax treatment, GñkRbmUl ~

tax-collector Bn§/ Cab; adj. taxable, liable to tax, qñaM ~ tax year or taxation year, cMNUl ~

taxable income, Gñk ~ taxpayer Bn§/ minCab; non-taxable adj. cMNUl ~ non-taxable income Bn§/ yk rW hUtBn§ v. tax, impose tax

Bn§ ¬Ky/ GakrBiess¦/ EdlRtUvbg; dutiable/ TMnijRtUvbg;Bn§ dutiable goods

Bn§kat;Tuk withholding tax, ~ RtUvbg; withholding tax payable

Bn§Ky customs duties (or dues)

Bn§Kykat;sg duty drawback

Bn§CYlFnFan resource-rent tax (RRT)

Bn§dar tax, KNenyü ~ tax accounting,

kMlaMgcMnUl ~ tax revenues efforts or tax effort

Bn§dar/ lkçN³minTak;Tgnwg non-tax features

Bn§Etm stamp duty

Bn§naMcUl import duty, tariff

Bn§bEnßm surtax

Bn§)ankMNt; assessed taxes Bn§Rbeyal indirect tax

Bn§pÞal; direct tax

Bn§pøÚv road tax

Bn§RBlanynþehaH airport tax Bn§mnusS head tax


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Bn§em:Akar lump-sum tax

Bn§yktaméfø ad valorem duty

Bn§ykbEnßmelITMnijnaMcUl surcharge

Bn§elIcMNUllk;)an sales tax

Bn§elIR)ak;cMNUl income tax

Bn§elIR)ak;cMNUlbuKÁl personal income tax

Bn§elIR)ak;cMeNjRkumh‘un corporation tax (GB) Bn§elIR)ak;cMeNjbEnßm additional profit tax (APT)

Bn§elIRTBübuKÁl capital levy

Bn§viPaKtamRbePTcMNUl schedular tax

Bn§Gakr tax

Bn§úPaB n. ¬PaBdUcKña rW manTMnak;TMngCamYyKña¦ affinity Bnül;)an/ EdlminGac adj. inexplicable, unaccountable BnüakMeNIt/ kar birth spacing

BnüaeBl/ kar delay, pþl; ~ v. grant a delay

BnüaeGay)anyUr ¬eFVIGVImYyedIm,IBnüaeBl RBwtþuikarN_/ esckþIsMerc>>>¦ buy time

BenøÓn v. accelerate Blkmµ labour, kMlaMg ~ labour force,

~ GENþt casual labour, ~ cUlshCIB

organised labour, ~ manCMnaj skilled

labour, ~ KµanCMnaj unskilled labour

Blkr labourer, worker, ~ suIR)ak;éf¶ day

labourer, ~ GENþt ¬ry³eBlxøI¦ casual labourer Blrdæ citizen

Bhikar boycott

BhiRbevsn_ ¬m> cMNakRsuk¦ migration

BhuCati multinational, Rkumh‘un ~ multi-national corporation

BhuPaKI multilateral, CMnYy ~ multilateral

assistance, kic©RBmeRBog ~ multilateral agreement Bhuvb,kmµ polyculture

Bak;kNþalTI1 énstvtSr_TI6 first half of the 6th century Bak;kNþalsMerc/ plitpl semi-finished product Bak;kNþalsVy½t semi-autonomous

Bak;B½n§ adj. concerned, relevant, RksYg ~

concerned ministry, sßab½n ~ relevant institution Bak;B½n§ v. involve

Bak;B½n§¼cUlBak;B½n§/ kar involvement Bak;B½n§/ Gñk stakeholder

Bak;B½n§cUl engage v.

Baküesøak slogan

BaNiC¢ commercial, FnaKar ~ commercial bank BaNiC¢kmµ commerce, trade, kic©RBmeRBog

~ trade agreement, CBa¢Ig ~ trade balance,


171

r)aMg ~ trade barriers, »nPaB ~ trade

deficit, eQµaH ~ trade name, tMNag ~ trade

representation, trade representative, sBaØa~ rW pøaksBaØa ~ trademark, ~ qøgkat;pÞal; direct-transit trade, ~ lk;dMu wholesale

trade, ~ rUbI visible trade, ~ eRkARbeTs foreign trade

BaNiC¢kmµ adj. commercial, shRKas ~ commercial enterprise BaNiC¢kmµ adj. mercantile, kgnava ~

mercantile marine, RbeTs ~ mercantile country BaNiC¢kmµ/ kareFVI trading

BaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTs/ naykdæan Department of Overseas Trade

BaNiC¢kr trader, dealer, merchant

BaNiC¢PavUbnIykmµ commercialisation, eFVI ~ v. commercialise

Ban;lan billion

BikarPaB disability

BicarNa/ kar consideration, kMBugBinitü ~ under consideration Bit real, GRtakarR)ak; ~ real rate of interest,

kar ~ reality

BiFIkar ¬viFansMrab;BiFIepSg²¦ protocol

BiFIsar ¬Éksar¦ protocol

Bin½y v. penalise

Bin½yCaR)ak; v. fine

Bin½ysareBIBn§/ kar fiscal fine

Binitü v. examine

Binitü nigsMerc/ edIm,I for review and decision/approval BinitüKNnI v. check the accounts

BinitüCaTUeTA/ kar overview

Binitütamdan v. supervise, kar ~

supervision, Gñk ~ supervisor

BinitüeLIgvij v. review, kar ~ n. review

BinÞúerxIy diagram, chart, graphic

BiBN’na/ kar description

BiBN’nakargar job description

BiBiFkmµ ¬m> cMruHkmµ¦ diversification

BiPakSaedjedal/ kar deliberation

BiPakSabMpusKMnit/ kar brainstorming

BiruT§PaB guilt BiruT§ikCn culprit

Biess/ rbs; speciality

BiesaF v. experiment

BiesaFn_ rW karBiesaFn_ n. experiment, eFVI ~ v. experiment BiesaFnkmµ/ kardkBiesaFn_ experimentation BieRKaHeyabl;/ kar consultation, RkumBieRKaH eyabl; Consultative Group (CG)

BieRKaHeyabl;/ Gñk consultant


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BIeRkameLIgelI/ karGPivDÆn_ bottom-up development BIenHteTA hereafter

BImun prior/ svnkmµ ~ prior auditing, kic©RBmeRBog ~ prior agreement BImYyqñaMeTAmYyqñaM ¬m> qñaMelIqñaM ¦ year on year

BIrdgkñúgmYyqñaM biannual

BIrpøÚv two-way

BwgEp¥kKñaeTAvijeTAmk/ kar interdependence

BwgEp¥kelIxøÜnÉg/ kar self-reliance

BwgBak;)an/ PaBGac dependability

BukrlYy adj. corrupt, GMeBI ~ corruption

BUCsasn_niym racism

BYk group, category

BYk genus (of animals, plants)

eBjc,ab; legitimate

eBjlkçN³RtwmRtUv legitimate, min ~ illegitimate eBjelj/ TuneRbImin)an underemployed capital eBjv½y adult, RbCaBlrdæ ~ adult citizen eBjv½y/ PaB maturity

eBl time, kMNat; ~ time segment

Bütierk ¬m> pÞúyKña/ PaB¦ contrast

BüakrN_ forecast v. & n., ¬kar¦ ~ esdækic© economic forecast, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial forecast

BüÜr/ kar suspension

BüÜr/ KNnI ¬caMkaredaHRsay¦ pending accounts

RBm v. consent, karyl; ~ n. consent

RBmeRBog/ krNIKµankar in the event of disagreement RBmeRBog/ kar agreement, accord RBmeRBog/ kic© agreement, ~ pÞal;mat; verbal agreement, ~ CaeKalkarN_ agreement in principle RBmeRBog/ éfø agreed price RBmeRBog/ min v. disagree RBmeRBogxagCMnYj/ kar deal

RBmeRBogCakBa©b;/ kar package deal

RBmeRBogCapøÚvkar/ kar official agreement, covenant

RBmeRBogCamYyKña v. agree together, come into line

RBman/ kar warning, ~ pÞal;mat; verbal warning

RBagTuk/ \t ¬cMNay¦ unforeseen

RBwtþikarN_ event

RBwtþin½y rW RBwtþn½y fait(s) accompli(s) RBwtþn½y/ tam de facto, karRKb;RKg ~ de facto management RBwtþib½Rt bulletin

RBwtþib½RtB½t’man newsletter

RBwT§ikmµ illegal interest, usury

RBwT§ikr ¬GñkykkarR)ak;x<s;hYsehtu¦ usurer


173

RBYy)armÖ/ kar n. concern

éRBkarBar/ tMbn; protected forest areas éRBKub coupe-forest, felling area

éRBeQI forest, éRBeQI GaceFVIGaCIvkmµ)an operable forest éRBeQI/ karkab; deforestation

éRBlicTwk flooded forest éRBsm,Tan forest concession RBMEdnKy customs frontier

RBMEdnénkarTTYlxusRtUv limit of liability

RBHraCGaCJa prosecutor

P

PNÐaKar department store

PNÐaKar ¬m> XøaMg¦ warehouse

Ptik³ ¬m> GñkCYlBIeK¦ renter

Ptikar wage-earner

PtibtI ¬m> GñkCYleGayeK¦ person who rents out sth Ptisnüa n. lease (with a contract)

P½nþRcLM/ kar confusion, aberration

P½nþRcLM/ gay confusing

P½BVénCMerIs chance of selection

P½yep¥Il/ kar panic, ~ xaghirBaØvtßú financial panic PvnIyPaB probability

Psþútag proof, evidence, ~ TTYlyk)an admissible evidence

PsþútagekþA² smoking gun

PsþúPar logistics

PaKkmµ (equity) participation, stake, sharing PaKeRcIn majority

PaKeRcIndac;xat/ sMelg ¬e)aHeqñat¦ absolute majority vote PaKeRcInedayeFob/ sMelg ¬)ansMelgeRcInCag ebkçCnmñak;eTot¦ relative majority vote

PaKtic minority

PaKTunik³ capital contributor, shareholder,

~ man\T§iBl influencial shareholder

PaKEbg denominator (fraction)

PaKyk numerator (fraction)

PaKry percentage

PaKlaP dividend

PaKh‘un/ Gñkman stakeholder

PaKh‘unEdlTTYlPaKlaPeRkayeK deferred share PaKh‘unEdlmantMélenApSarh‘unesµIKñanwgtMél

cuHelIsnøwkb½NÑPaKh‘un share at par

PaKh‘unRtYtRta/ mancMENk to have a controlling interest (have more than 50% of total share of a company) PaKh‘unsamBaØ common stock, equities

PaK\NTanxagelI upper credit tranche


174

PaKI ¬énkic©snüa¦ party (to the contract)

PaKIcuHkic©snüa contracting party

PaKITTYlsar\NTan accredited party

PaKITIbI third party

Parkic© duty, Cab; ~ duty bound

Parkic© task, epþatelI ~ task-oriented

PUKBÖsaRsþ geology

PUtKamsaRsþ ¬karsikSaBIrukçCati¦ botany

PUtKamGnam½y phytosanitary

PUmiviTüaesdækic© economic geography

ePaK³ possession

ePaCnIydæanGaharrh½s fast-food restaurant

ePaCP½NÐ ¬m> mðÚbGahar¦ food items

P¢ab;katBVkic© binding

Pñak;gar agent

Pñak;garTTYlkMéreCIgsar commission agent

Pñak;garnavacr shipping agent

Pñak;garrksuICYl¼lk; GclnRTBü estate agent

Pøam² adj. prompt, karRbKl; ~ prompt

delivery, karTUTat; ~ immediate/prompt payment

m

mcävb,kmµ pisciculture

mCÄkar centralisation, kMNt;Rta ~

centralised record, esdækic© mCÄkar¼ RbmUlpþúM centralised economy

mCÄdæan milieu

mCÄdæanGñkKaMRT constituency

mCÄtþkmµ arbitrage, KN³kmµkar ~ arbitration committee mCÄtþkr arbiter

mCÄtþkr ¬xagBaNiC¢kmµ¦ arbitrator

mCÄtþkar/ eFVI v. arbitrate

mCÄtþvinicä½y arbitration

mCÄnikCn n. moderate

mCÄmNÐlbNþúHbNþal viC¢aCIv³¬rW ]bnisS½y¦ vocational training centre mCÄwm central, rdæ)al ~ central administration mNÐlkMsanþ entertainment centre

mNÐle)aHeqñat constituency

mti opinion, karsÞg; ~ opinion poll

mtipþaMepJI recommendation

mtþnkmµ ¬m> eRCIs/ kar¦ selection

mtþb,maN ¬m> GRtamrN³¦ mortality/death rate mFüm average, tMél¼éføedIm ~ average

cost, GRtakMeNIn ~ RbcaMqñaM average annual growth rate mFüm ¬TMhM/ KuNPaB>>>¦ medium (size, grade...) mFüm ¬sßiti¦ mean, ~ nBVnþ arithmetic


175

mean, ~ FrNImaRt geometric mean

mFümPaK average, mean, ~ smta weighted average mFümsikSaTutiyPUmi/ sBaØab½Rt baccalaureate (degree) meFüa)ay means, ~ dwkCBa¢Ún means of

transport, ~ plitkmµ means of production mnsikar conscience, Edlman ~ conscientious mnusSCati humanity

mnusSFm’ n. & adj. 1. humanity

2. humanitarian, GgÁkar ~ humanitarian organisation mnusSniym humanism

mnusSsaRsþ anthropology

menaKmviC¢a ideology

m®nþI officer

m®nþIRkbx½NÐ civil servant, government cadre m®nþIcuHbBa¢I ¬Gñkkan;kab;bBa¢I¦ registrar

m®nþIe)aHeqñat electoral official

m®nþIraCkar public servant, ~ sIuvil civil servant m®nþIesuIbGegátBIkartv:a ¬cMeBaHsßab½nrdæ b¤ GgÁkarFM²¦ ombudsman

mmajwk/ em:ag rush hour

mmal rW karmmal hallucination

mrNPaB/ R)ak;bMNac; death in service benefit

mrNPaB/ sMbuRt death certificate

mrtk heritage, inheritance

mrtksasn_ testament, will

mhnþrayenAsmuRT casualty at sea

mhnþraybgáedaymnusS man-made disaster

mhavinas cataclysm

mhasnñi)at general meeting

mhaGnutMbn;emKgÁ Greater Mekong Sub-region

mhicäta rW karR)afñad¾elIslub ambition

m:ak ¬TMnij¦ brand

m:aRkU macro-, m:aRkUesdækic© macroeconomics

m:aXItTIg¼karrkTIpSar marketing

m:aCIn¼rwm margin, m:aCInUbnIykmµ marginalisation m:aCin¼kMrit énR)ak;cMeNjsuT§ net profit margin (NPM) m:al;Tusniym Malthusianism

m:asuInebIkR)ak;sV½yRbvtþi ATM (automatic teller machine) mat;Rck n. gateway, ~ TUrKmnaKmn_GnþrCati international communication gateway matika content

matika ¬fvika¦ line item (budget)

matuPUminivtþn_ repatriation

maRtdæan scale (of map), esdækic© ~ economies of scale


176

maRta article, provision (law)

mankalkMNt; ¬enAGnaKt¦ forward,

karRbKl; ~ forward delivery, éfølk; ~ forward price mankUn/ PaB fertility, GRtamankUn fertility rate manex©aH/ PaB imperfection

manCMgWeFVIeGaysøab;/ PaB morbidity

mantMélGnuvtþ binding

maneTAmanmk/ PaB reciprocity

manvKÁmanesñI/ skmµPaBesdækic© concerted economic action manRsab;/ Edl existing, rcnasm<½n§ ~ existing structure mabnkmµ ¬m> begáIt/ kar¦ creation, establishment micäaelx ¬m> el¥óg/ elxel¥óg¦ error mincuHsMrug/ PaB incompatibility

mincUlCaRkumh‘un un-incorporated

mincUlbkSsm½<n§/ clna non-aligned movement minCak;lak; indefinite, non-specific

minTTYlRBm/ kar default of acceptance

minTak;Tg/ Edl irrelevant

minTan;qøgKy/ TMnij uncleared goods

minTan;edaHRsay ¬vivaT¦ unsettled (dispute)

minTan;rk)an/ kMér unearned fees

minTan;sg ¬bMNul¦ unsettled (debt)

minTan;sresr blank (paper)

minR)akd/ PaB uncertainty, incertitude

minpøas;bþÚr/ PaB consistency

minEmnksikmµ/ kargar non-agricultural or non-farm employment minerobry/ vis½y informal sector

minlMeGog/ PaB impartiality

minl¥ adj. adverse

minsmRsb inappropriate, unsuitable,

CMnYy ~ inappropriate aid

minsuT§/ PaB impurity

minesµIKña adj. inequal

minGacsgbMNul)an/ PaB insolvency

minGMeNaypl adj. unfavourable,

adverse, ktþa ~ adverse factor

misSPaK ¬m> sµúKsaµj¦ complex, misSPaB complexity mIRkUCIv³ micro biology

mIRkUesdækic© microeconomics

mIRkUhirBaØvtßú micro-finance

mIRkU\NTan micro-credit

mux ¬TMnij¦ item

muxgar function

muxCMnYjFnaKar banking

muxTMnijkñúgXøaMg stock lines

muxrbr occupation


177

muxviC¢aFnaKar banking

muFaPaBénBn§Gakr ¬m> elIkElgBn§/ kar¦ tax exemption mun pre-, ~ vibtþi pre-crisis

mun preceding, qñaM ~ preceding year

m:Ud fashion, mode

m:UDIl module

m:Um:g; momentum

m:UypÁt;pÁg;CaRbcaM usual supplier

mUldæan local, GaCJaFr ~ local authority

mUldæan/ Kµan adj. unfounded

mUldæan/ Ca basic, kic©RBmeRBog ~ basic

agreement, karRsavRCav ~ basic research

mUldæan/ plitpl staple product

mUldæanRKwH foundation

mUldæanTinñn½y database

mUlFn capital, ~ Edl)anGnuBaØat authorised

capital, ~ p¥wb frozen capital, ~ Edl)anbg; paid in capital mUlFnkmµ/ eFVI v. capitalise

mUlFnniym capitalism

mUlFn)ancuHeQµaH subscribed capital

mUlFn)ancuHbBa¢I ¬CapøÚvkar¦ registered capital mUlFn)anbg;CMrH paid-up capital

mUlFn)anehA ¬)anbg;cUlRkumh‘unehIy¦ called-up capital

mUlFnpw¥¥b rW mUlFnbBaÄb; frozen capital

mUlFnPavUnIykmµ capitalisation

mUlFnminTan;ehA ¬[bg;¦ uncalled capital

mUlFnik capitalist

mUlniFi foundation

mUlniFi fund, RbB½n§KNenyü ~ fund

accounting systems, TIPñak;garpþl; ~

funding agency, lMhUr ~ fund flow,

smtulü ~ fund balance

mUlniFidak;snSMbMrug sinking fund

mUlniFibeBaØI fund held in trust

mUlniFibdiPaK counterpart fund

mUlniFibMrug reserve fund

mUlniFipþúM block fund

mUlniFipÞal;suT§ ¬RTBüskmµKittamtMélBitelI TIpSar ehIydkbMNulcrnþ¦ net worth

mUlniFiBaNiC¢kmµ n. goodwill

mUlniFimrtk ¬mUlniFiRKb;RKgedayRbtisiT§iCn sMrab;GtßKahk¦ trust fund

mUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCati International Monetary Fund (IMF) mUlniFisMrab;cMnaybnþicbnþÜc petty-cash fund

mUlb½Rt securities, pSar ~ securities market

mUlb,Tanb½NÑ cheque card

mUlb,TanbR½t cheque, ~ KµanR)ak;kñúgKNnI¼ KµanR)ak; dishonoured/bouncing/dud/


178

rubber cheque, ~ cMh blank cheque,

~ qUt crossed cheque, esovePA ~ cheque

book, ~ KµanqUt uncrossed cheque, ~ qUt Biess cheque crossed specially, ~ Kµan eQµaH bearer cheque or cheque to bearer,

~ eTscrN_ traveller’s cheque, ~ minTan; dak;cUlKNnIFnaKar unbanked cheque mUlb,TanbR½t r:ab;rgedayFnaKar¼FanacMnay certified cheque mUlmti/ kar consensus

mUlvicarN_ appreciation

mYyPaKbYn quarter, ~ TI2énstvtSr_TI7 2nd

quarter of 7th century emIlxusRtUvelI/ kar oversight

emIleXIj/ Gac adj. visible

emIlgay/ kar contempt

emIlmineXIj adj. invisible, BaNiC¢kmµ ~ invisible trade emIlrMlg overlook

em/ Rkumh‘un parent company

em/ fvika master budget

emkar foreman

emekIy patron

emRkum ¬Cag/ kmµkr¦ foreman

emxül; popular leader

emKuN multiplier

emKuNbMErbMrYl coefficient of variation

emFavI lawyer, barrister (British)

em:Akar/ Gñk contractor

em:Akarbnþ v. subcontract, Gñk ~ sub-contractor emaX³ void, null and void, eFVI[eTACa ~ v. nullify emaX³/ cat;TukCa v. invalidate

emaXkmµ annulment, nullification

emaXPaB nullity

m©as; owner, ~ dI land owner

m©as;/ PaBCa ownership

m©as;kmµsiT§i owner

m©as;kmµsiT§irYmKña co-owner, co-proprietor, joint owner m©as;kar/ PaB self-reliance

m©as;karxaghirBaØvtßú/ PaB financial self-sufficiency m©as;KNnIcrnþ current-account holder

m©as;dI¼pÞH ¬EdlCYleGayeK¦ landlord

m©as;bMNul creditor

m©as;bMNulGuIb:UEtk mortgagee

m©as;hag ¬tUc²¦ storekeeper, shopkeeper mþgehIymþgeTot recurrent, cMNay ~ recurrent expenditure mðÚbGahar food, snÞsSn_éfø ~ food price index


179

y

ykkMBs;/ kar grandstanding

ykKMrUtag v. sample

ykKMrUtag/ kar sampling, ~ KµanRsTab; unstratified sampling, ~ eRcIndMNak; multi-

stage sampling, ~ tamkEnøg spacial

sampling, ~ tamkUta quota sampling,

~ tameKaledA purposive sampling, ~ elIs over-sampling, ~ saCafµI resampling ykKMrUtagCaRbB½n§/ kar systematic sampling,

~ vil circular systematic sampling ykcUl bring in (assets as investment) ykecjmk/ kar ¬Er:¦ extraction

yktaméføTMnij/ éfødwkCBa¢Ún ad valorem freight ykmkKit take into account

ykvijnUv/ kar ¬sMviFanFn>>>kñúgbBa¢IKNenyü¦ write-back (of provisions...) yfaRkm/ Ca ¬m> CaRbB½n§¦ systematic

yfaTsSn_ perspective

yfaRbePT specification

yfapl adj. extensive, ksikmµ ~ extensive agriculture yfaPaB 1. authenticity 2. contingency

yfaPUt/ lixit authentic deed/act

yfaehtu eventuality

ynþkmµ/ ynþtUbnIykmµ mechanisation

ynþkar mechanism, ~ sV½yEktMrUv self-

regulating mechanism, ~ TUTat; payment mechanism ynþehaHCYldwkBiess ¬eCIgehaHehIrmin eTogTat;¦ charter plane

ynþehaHCMnYj commercial aircraft

yl;eXIj/ kar view

yl; RcLM¼xus/ kar misunderstanding

yl;dwgtameRkay ¬RBwtþikarN_¦/ kar hindsight yl;dwgmun/ kar foresight

yl;dwgl¥/ kar good understanding

yl;)an/ Edl intelligible

yl;RBm/ kar approval, agreement

yl;Rsb/ min v. disagree

yan vehicle, ~ ynþ motor vehicle

yIeha brand name

yWt/ PaB elasticity, ~ énkarpÁt;pÁg; nig

tMrUvkar elasticity of supply and demand

yWty:av/ kar delay, karRbKl;yWty:av delay in delivery yWty:avkñúgkarsgbMNul to be in arrears

yutþikmµ/ eFVI v. justify, kar ~ KMerag justification of a project yutþiFm’ ¬rW edayyutþiFm’¦ fair

yutþiFm’/ min unfair


180

yutþiFm’sgÁm social justice

yutþaFikar jurisdiction

yuT§nakar campaign, ~ lk;dUr sales campaign yuT§P½NÐ ordnance, ~ minTan;pÞúH unexploded ordnances yuT§viFIGaCIvkmµ business tactics

yuT§saRsþ strategy, ~ ctuekaN rectangular

strategy, Gñk ~ rW ~ viTU strategist

yuT§saRsþ/ Ca strategic, tMrUvkar ~ strategic needs

yuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk National Poverty Reduction Strategy (NPRS) yuT§saRsþpSBVpSay ¬lk;plitpl¦ promotional strategy yuvv½y/ RsTab; young people

eynD½r gender

eyageTA carried forward (accounting)

eyagmk brought forward (accounting)

eyaFPUmiPaK military region

eyaFa ¬kgT½B¦ military

eyaFin ¬mnusS¦ soldier, military

eyabl; opinion

r

rkeXIj/ kar finding

rkemIlTMnij ¬éfø/ KuNPaB>>>edIm,ITij¦ shop around

rksMKal; v. identify, ebskkmµ ~ identification mission rkSa/ kar conservation

rkSaTuk/ kar keeping, custody

rkSaTuk/ R)ak;cMeNj retained earnings

rkSaTukkñúgédttIyCn/ Edl in escrow

rkSaTukenAXøaMgKy/ TMnij goods (held) in bond rkSaTukbuKÁlik/ kar ¬kMueGayeKecjBIGgÁPaB¦ retention of staff rkSasiT§i copyright

rgVan; n. reward, award, ~ mkBIeRkA extrinsic reward, pþl; ~ v. reward

rgVas; measuring tools, measure

rcnatak;Etg v. design, kar ~ n. design

rcnasm<½n§ structure, ~ cat;taMg organisational structure, ~ nItibBaØtþi legislative structure, ~ sßab½nFnaKar structure of banking institutions rcnasm<½n§RKYsarsñÚl ¬«BukmþaynigkUn¦ nuclear-family structure rc¢³stV¼BBYkstV fauna

rC¢eTyücMNUl excise tax revenues

rdUv season, tam ~ seasonal

rdUvkal/ tam rW manlkçN³rdUvkal adj. seasonal rdUvs¶b;skmµPaB ¬]> rdUvlk;TMnijminsUvdac;¦ dead season


181

rdæEdlKitKUreRcInBIkargarsgÁmkic© welfare state rdæFmµnuBaØ constitution

rdæ)al administration, cMNay ~

administrative expenses, GgÁPaBesdækic© ~ administrative-economic entity rdæ)alsaFarN³ public administration

rdæpþac;mux national monopoly

rdæshRKin corporate state

rdæGMNac ¬m> GaCJaFr¦ authority

rdæaPi)alm©as;pÞH host government

rdæaPi)alsMrab;RKb;RKgbeNþaHGasnñ caretaker government rtnvtßú 1. jewels, jewelry, precious stones 2. cash, liquid assets rtnakr n. treasurer

rtnaKar treasury, b½NÑ ~ treasury bill (short term: less than one year) or treasury bond (long term) rtnaKarCati State Treasury

rt;Bn§ v. smuggle, kar ~ smuggling, Gñk ~ smuggler rt;Bn§/ TMnij smuggled goods, contraband rbkKMehIj finding

rbb regime, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial regime

rbs;xUcKuNPaB spoilage

rbs;Fana surety

rbs;)anBIkarRbmUl ¬BIGKÁIP½y/ navalic>>>¦ salvage rbs;Gt;RbeyaCn_ useless thing, junk

rbs;eGtcay scraps, junk

r)ab; ¬karrab;¦ census

r)ay n. distribution, ~ KMrUtag distribution

of sample, ~ vismFn unequal wealth distribution r)aykarN_ report, statement, account, ~

KNnI statement of account, ~ RbcaM Ex¼ qñaM monthly/annual report, ~ Tij¼lk;TMnij

account purchases/sales, ~ FnaKar bank

statement, ~ erITMnij cargo outturn

report, ~ sþIBIRbeTs country report

rbYs n. ¬pøÚvkay rW pøÚvcitþ¦ trauma

rebog corridor, ~ esdækic© economic corridor rebob mode

rebobcuHbBa¢IÉkPaK single entry (accounting) rebobrbbminl¥ malpractice

rebobrs;enA lifestyle

rebobvar³ agenda

r)aMg barrier, ~ Bn§Ky customs/tariff

barrier, ~ minEmnBn§Ky non-tariff

barriers ( NTBs), dkr)aMgBaNiC¢kmµ lift trade barrier


182

rmNIydæan resort, kEnøg ~ rW mNÐlkMsanþ resort site ry³eBl period, ~ RbmUlTun)anvij rW ~ Rsg;edIm payback period

ry³eBlxøI short term, kMcI ~ short term loan ry³eBlRtUvsgkMcIvij payback period

ry³eBlRbmUlbMNulCamFüm average collection period (ACP) ry³eBlmFüm medium-term, kMcI ~ medium-term loan ry³eBlEvg long-term, bMNul ~ long-term liabilities rlUn adj. smooth, dMeNIrkar ~ smooth operation rlUn/ PaB coherence

rlUnKña/ Edl harmonised

rlM v. founder

rs;)an/ PaBGac viability, survivability,

~ xaghirBaØvtßú financial survivability

rs;revIk lively, TIpSarmanskmµPaB ~ lively market rs;revIk/ PaBmin inflexibility

resIb/ bBaða sensitive issue

resIb/ PaB sensitivity

rehadæanIykmµ desertification

ragcal/ krNImin case of recidivism

raCkic© ¬esovePA¦ Official Gazette

rab;bBa©Úl v. include, kar ~ inclusion,

Edl ~ adj. inclusive

raymuxTMnij/ kar description of goods

rIkcMerIn/ kar advancement

rIkduHdaly:agrh½s boom, vis½ykMBug ~ booming sector rIkraldal/ kar ¬TMnas;¦ spread, spreading, escalation rIksay/ kar ¬cMnYn¦ proliferation

rwgkMRBws/ PaB inflexibility

rwtt,itcMNay v. squeeze expenditure

rwbGUs ¬ykRTBü¦ v. confiscate, seize,

kar ~ seizure

rwbGUskmµsiT§iGclnvtßúdak;Fana foreclose a mortgage v. rwbGUsCasm,tþirdæ/ RtUv)an forfeited to the government rWLaTIvIet¼PaBGacERbRbYl relativity

rukrk/ kar exploration, ~ eRbgkat oil exploration rukçCati plant, flora

rukçvb,kmµ silviculture

rukçsaRsþ forestry

ruaMér: chronic, PaBGt;kargareFVIraMuér: chronic unemployment rUb ¬TMnij¦ brand

rUbFatu/ KNenyü physical accounts

rUbPaBTUeTA profile (i.e of a company)


183

rUbvnþ physical, ehdæarcnasm<½n§ ~ physical infrastructure rUbvivtþn_ n. mutation

rUbsBaØa logo

rUbiybdiePaK ¬m> cMNarxñg¦ rUbiybdiePaKI ¬m> carxñg¬Éksar¦/ Gñk¦ rUbiyb½NÑ foreign exchange

rUbiyb½NÑxøaMg hard currency

rUbiymaRta legal tender

rUbiyvtßú currency, ~xøaMg hard currency,

~ exSay soft currency

rUbiyvtßú money, ~ cracr money in

circulation, esdækic© ~ money economy,

pSar ~ money market, ~ elIstulüPaB

monetary overhang, TMnukcitþelI ~

monetary confidence, neya)ay ~ monetary policy rUbiyvtßú rW R)ak;Rkdas fiduciary currency

rUbiyvtßú M1 money M1

rUbiyvtßú¼mUlniFi Gacpþl;eGay)anPøam² money (or funds) at call rUbiyvtßúTijlk;)anedayesrI ¬rdæKµandak;kMhit RtYtRta¦ free currency

rUbiyvtßúTUTat; payment currency, account currency rUbiyvtßúTUeTA (M2) total liquidity (M2)

rUbiyvtßúTaMgGs; monetary aggregate

rUbiyvtßúniym monetarism

rUbiyvtßúnIykmµ monetarisation, ~ én»nPaB monetarisation of the deficit rUbiyvtßúénkic©snüa currency of the contract

rUbiyvtßúbreTs foreign currency

rUbiyvtßúepSg² quasi-money

rUbiyvtßúminGacbþÚr ¬ykrUbiyvtßúdéT¦)an inconvertible currency rUbiyvtßúykmkKitKUr currency of account

rUbiyvtßúGacbþÚrykrUbiyvtßúepSg)an convertible currency rUbiyaNtþi bill/letter of exchange

rUbiyaNtþiFnaKar ¬lixitbBa¢aeGayFnaKar ebIkR)ak;¦ bank draft

rUbiyaNtþikMNt;ry³eBlxøI short bill

rUbiyaNtþiEdlRtUv)anbdiesF dishonoured bill of exchange rUbiyaNtþibgðaj sight bill (payable at sight) rUbII adj. tangible/ RTBüskmµ ~ rW RTBü ~ tangible assets rYceTas/ PaB impunity

rYcBn§/ Edl duty-free, TMnijrYcBn§ duty free goods rYcBn§/ eGay v. waive tax

rYbrYmKña adj. united

rYbrYmKña/ kar cohesion

rYm adj. collective, ksidæan ~ collective


184

farm, kmµsiT§i ~ collective ownership

rYmKña ¬karTTYlxusRtUv¦ joint, karTTYl xusRtUv ~ nigerog²xøÜn joint and several liability rYmKñaCaFøúgmYy unified as one

rYmcMENk v. participate

rYmEtmYy unified

rYmviPaKTan v. contribute

rYmsM)ac;/ kar cohesion

erITMnij/ kar unloading of goods

erIb/ kar ¬esdækic©¦ recovery (economy)

erIseGIg/ kar discrimination, ~

kñúgkarkMNt;éfø price discrimination

erIseGIg/ Edlmin non-discriminatory

erOgkþI lawsuit

erobcMtamlMdab; ¬Éksar¦ v. collate

erobcMtMelIg/ kar installation, cMNay pÁMútMelIg installation cost

erobcMeLIgvij/ kar reorganisation

erobcMeLIgvij/ kMcI)an ¬BnüaeBlsg¦ restructured loan erobtamlMdab; v. sort

erobry formal, vis½y ~ formal sector

erobrab;dUcxageRkam/ man undermentioned

erxUbnIykmµ digitalised, esdækic© ~ digitalised economy Er:/ karyk rW GaCIvkmµEr: mining

Er:cMraj; mineral concentrate

érGgÁas v. raise, ~ mUlniFi raise fund

érGgÁasmUlniFi/ kar fund raising

eraKvinicä½y n. diagnosis

eraKsBaØ symptom

eragcRk factory, plant

eragCag workshop

rMkil/ Epnkar rolling plan rMj½r vibration

rMxan/ kar disturbance, ~ edaysMelg noise disturbance rMBwgTuk ¬rW Edl ~¦ expected, R)ak;cMeNj ~

expected profit, eBlevla ~ expected time

rMBwgTuk/ karFøak;cuHmin unexpected fall

rMBwgsmehtupl/ kar rational expectation

rMePIbcitþ/ bMNgTijeday emotional buying motive rMls; depreciation

rMls;fyCalMdab;/ viFI declining balance method of depreciation rMls;bgçM/ viFIKit accelerated depreciation method rMls;bMNul n. amortisation of a debt

rMls;mUlFn capital amortisation

rMls;esµIPaK/ viFI straight-line depreciation method rMlay/ kar ¬Rkumh‘un¦ dissolution, liquidation, winding-up


185

rMlaybBa©ÚlKña/ kar ¬Rkumh‘unBIr rW eRcIn¦ merger

rMlwk/ lixit ¬]> eGaymkbg;Bn§¦ reminder letter rMElkGMNac v. delegate power

rMelaP ¬c,ab;>>¦ v. violate

rMelaPykdI/ kar land encroachment

rMelaPsiTi§CaÉkCn/ kar invasion of privacy

rMelaPesckþITukcitþ/ kar abuse of fiduciary

rMsay v. ¬kgT½B¦ demobilise

raMgxÞb;\T§iBl v. counterbalance

raMgsÞH/ PaB bottleneck

l

lk; v. sell, ~ xat sell at a loss, ~ edjéfø sell at auction, ~ eCO sell on credit

lk; rW sMrab;lk; ¬BaküsresrelIpøakRbkas¦ for sale lk;¼Tij edayTUTat;sgbNþak;/ kar instalment sales credit or instalment plan buying lk;/ kar sale

lk;/ Gñk seller, vendor

lk;eRkamtMél ¬edIm¦ v. sell below cost, undersell lk;eRkayeBlkS½yFn/ RbmUl v. sell up

lk;cuHéføtamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ kar cash discount

lk;eCO/ kar sale on credit, credit sale

lk;dac;tamkic©snüaRtwmRtUv/ kar firm sale

lk;dac;bMput/ esovePA best seller

lk;dMu/ kar wholesale, éfølk;dMu wholesale price lk;dMu/ Gñk wholesaler

lk;)anéfø ¬elIsFmµta¦/ Edl at a premium

lk;efakCag v. undercut (somebody’s price), undersell lk;bgçÚcéfø/ kar dumping, Bn§Tb;Tl;nwg ~ dumping duty lk;plitplelITIpSar v. market a product

lk;minecj/ Edl unmarketable

lk;ykCasac;R)ak;/ kar cash sale

lk;ykR)ak;Pøam/ kar cash down sale (can be paid in cash or cheque but not credit card) lk;y:aggay/ Gac marketable

lk;ray v. sell retail

lk;ray/ GaCIvkmµ¼BaNiC¢kmµ retail-trade business lk;ray/ Gñk retailer

lk;elITIpSar v. market

lk;LayLúgbegðIysþúk/ kar clearance sale

lk;LayLúgmuneFVIsareBIP½NÐ/ kar ¬edIm,I[ RsLHXøaMg¦ stocktaking sale

lk;eGaysgbNþak;/ kar sale on


186

instalment plan lkçxNÐ clause, ~ énkic©snüa clause of a contract lkçxNÐ condition, ~ eFVIkargar working

condition, ~ begáItkatBVkic© condition

precedent, ~ bBa©b;katBVkic© condition subsequent lkçxNÐ terms, ~ FUrRsal easy terms,

~ énkic©snüa terms of a contract, ~ TUTat; terms of payment, ~ eyag ¬sMrab;epÞógpÞat;¦terms of reference, ~ lk; terms of sale

lkçxNÐ/ PaBman conditionality

lkçxNÐ/ edayman conditional, karTTYl RBm ~ conditional acceptance

lkçxNÐxanmin)an sine qua non condition

lkçxNÐtwgEtg harsh conditions

lkçxNÐTUTat;gayRsYl easy terms of payment lkçxNÐFmµCati natural condition

lkçxNÐmantaMgBImun pre-existing condition lkçxNÐsgGnueRKaH soft repayment terms

lkçxNÐesdækic© economic conditions

lkçxNÐGnueRKaHbMputEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ Most Favoured Nation (MFN) clause lkçxNÐ\NTan credit terms

lkçxNÐGnueRKaHbMputEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ MFN (Most Favoured Nation clause)

lkçN³TUeTA/ kareFVI[man generalisation

lkçN³vinicä½y criteria, criterion

lkçN³sm,tþi qualification

lkçN³sMKal; feature

lkçnþik³ charter, statute, articles of association (UK), by-laws (US) lT§kmµ acquisition, procurement, eFVI ~ v. acquire lT§kmµBl ¬m> GMNacTij¦ purchasing power lT§pl result, outcome, performance

lT§pl/ karKµan non-performance

lT§pl/ EdlKitBI adj. pragmatic

lT§plkargar/ kareFVIcMNat;fñak; performance rating lT§plrkeXIj finding

lT§PaB/ Edlx<s;hYs prohibitive (i.e price or value) lT§PaBeTAdl; rW pøÚveTAdl; access

lT§PaBeFVIdMeNIrtamsmuRT seaworthiness

lT§PaB)aneRbIR)as; access

lT§PaBsgbMNul solvency

lT§iRbCaFibetyüesrIBhubkS liberal democracy and pluralism or liberal multi-party democracy lubbMNul ¬ecjBIbBa¢I¦ v. write off a debt

lak;elom v. conceal, karlak;elom concealment


187

lagluykxVk;/ kar money laundering

lanlan/ mYy one trillion

laPkar remuneration, pþl; ~ v. remunerate lay combine

laycMruHKña heterogeneous

laylkçN_GkSr/ Ca written, in writing

laElgBItMENg/ kar resignation

lixit letter, note, ~ ecj outgoing letter,

~ CUndMNwg advice note, ~ bBa¢ÚnTMnij

dispatch note, ~ \NTan¼ \NBn§ credit/debit note lixitKaMRTRKwHsßansaxa ¬kñúgkarrkx©IR)ak;¦ letter of comfort lixitqøgEdn passport

lixiteqøIyqøgGaCIvkmµ business correspondence lixitCUndMNwgkarRbmUlR)ak; collection advice lixitCUndMNwgbBa¢ÚnTMnij dispatch/shipment/ forwarding advice lixiteCOTukcitþ trust letter

lixitefáaleTas ¬rbs;tulakar¦ judicial records lixitefáaleTas ¬rbs;b:UlIs¦ copy of the police record lixitEføgsc©a ¬GHGagsc©PaBcMeBaHmuxc,ab;¦ affidavit lixitTTYlCMBak; IOU (I owe you)

lixitTarR)ak; debt-collection letter

lixitbTdæan ¬m> bTbBa¢a¦ regulations

lixitbBa¢ak;eKalbMNg letter of intent

lixitbBa¢ak;faKµaneTas letter of non-conviction lixitbBa¢ÚnTMnij shipping note

lixitebIkpøÚv laissez-passer

lixitbMNul debenture

lixitbþÚrykR)ak; ¬eBlbgðajFnaKar¦ demand bill/draft lixitRbkas declaration, return, ~ sareBI Bnæ tax declaration/return, ~ sareBIBn§ EdlKµanbMNulBn§RtUvbg; nil return

lixitRbKl;TMnij ¬eGayeTAGtifiCnCamYyKña nwgTMnij¦ delivery note

lixitepÞrsiT§i rW lixitRbKl;siT§i letter/power /warrant of attorney lixitpøas;bþÚr ¬m> rUbiyaNtþi¦ bill of exchange

lixitsYrB½t’man letter of inquiry

lixitGnuBaØat certificate/letter of approval lixitebskkmµ mission letter

lixitGnuBaØat permit, licence, ~ sagsg; building permit, ~ naMecj¼naMcUl

export/import permit, ~ eGayeFIVkar ¬sMrab;CnbreTs¦ work permit

lixitGnuBaØatBITIcat;karKy customs permit


188

lixitGmÉksar covering letter (GB), cover letter (US) lixit\NTan letter of credit, ~ Edl)an TTYlsÁal; acceptance letter of credit

lixit]eTÞsnam ¬GñktMNag¦ designation letter lixitUbkrN_cUlCaPaKI instrument of accession lixitUbkrN_énkarpþl;sc©ab½n instrument of ratification lixitUbkrN_sMrab;Kahk bearer instrument/ paper licTwk adj. inundated, éRB ~ inundated forest lukluy/kar invasion

lubecal v. abolish

lubecal v. cancel, ~ karbBa¢aTij cancel/

withdraw an order, karlubecal cancellation

lubecalkic©snüa rescind v. a contract

lubvij)an/ sar\NTanGac revocable letter of credit luy money, karlagluykxVk; money laundering luyekþA hot money (money moving from one country to another to get best interests...) luyRkdas paper money

lUtlas;/ kar growth, development

lYc\v:an;kñúghag/ kar shoplifting

elIkdak; ¬TMnij¦/ kar handling (goods)

elIkdak;TMnijecjcUlk)a:l;/ kar stevedoring

elIkTwkcitþ/ kar encouragement

elIkTwkcitþ/ eRKÓg¼kar incentive,

~ vinieyaK investment incentive

elIkTwkcitþ/ R)ak; incentive bonus

elIkElg/ kar exemption, waiver, ~ Bn§ tax exemption elIkElgeTas/ kar amnesty

elIkvarkal v. adjourn

elIksÞÜy/ kar enhancement

elIs v. exceed

elIs adj. excess, GIv:an; ~ TMgn; ¬CiHynþehaH¦ excess luggage elIs ¬tMrUvkarplit¦/ smtßPaB ~ overcapacity, excess capacity elIslb;/ PaKeRcIn overwhelming majority

elx/ karecH numeracy

elxna entry (accounting), ~ biTbBa¢I closing entries, ~ pÁúM compound entry,

~ samBaØ simple entry

elxnabRBa©as rW elxnabdiPaK ¬edIm,IlubecalnUv elxnamun¦ contra entry, counterpart entry elxsMKal;pÞal;xøÜn Personal Identification Number (PIN) elxharI messenger

elxGtþsBaØaNbuKÁl Personal


189

Identification Number (PIN) elxaFikar secretary, GKÁ ~ secretary

general, rdæ ~ secretary of state

elxaFikardæan secretariat

elgEl,gTijdUrsnøwkh‘un gamble on the stock exchange élEck v. allocate, FnFanEdl)an ~ allocated resources élEck/ kar allocation, ~ KMrUtag sample

allocation, ~ smamaRt proportional allocation élTuk ¬edayELk¦ v. earmark

elakniti civics

lMdab; order, ~ esdækic©GnþrCatifµI new international economic order (NIEO) lMdab;éf¶Ex/ tam chronological order

lMnwg equilibrium, éfø ~ equilibrium price lMnwg/ PaBKµan disequilibrium

lMenA domicile, ~ edIm domicile of origin, man ~ pøÚvkarenAkm<úCa domiciled in Cambodia lMnaM pattern, ~ vilpøas;bþÚrKña patern of

rotation, ~ esdækic© economic pattern

lM)ak difficult, hard

lMhUr flow

lMhUrKMhukcUl influx

lMhUrcUl inflow, ~ BIbreTs ¬CMnYy/ rUbiyb½NÑ>>>¦ foreign inflows

lMhUrecj outflow

lMhUrelOnecjmUlFn flight of capital

lMhUrsac;R)ak; cash flow, r)aykarN_ ~

cash flow statement, karviPaK ~ cash flow

analysis, ~ viC¢man positive cash flow

lMGit adj. detailed, bTbBa¢a ~ detailed instruction lMeGog bias, \t ~ unbiased, ~ kñúgcMelIy response bias, ~ énkar)a:n;sµan estimation

bias, ~ ykKMrUtag sampling bias

lMeGog/ PaB ¬kñúgkarCYyKaMRT¦ partiality

lMeGog/ min impartial

lHbg; ¬siT§i/ kartv:a>>>¦ give up or waive (right, claim...) lHbg;siT§/ kar waiver

elaHxøÜn/ R)ak; ransom

l,ickic©klminl¥/ Gñklk;Edlman mala fide seller el,Is n. excess

el,Óncracr velocity of circulation,

~ rUbiyvtßú velocity of money

lµm ¬]> minefakminéfø¦ adj. moderate

elµIs ¬c,ab;/ kic©snüa¦ v. infringe, kar ~ infringement elµIs v. contravene

elµIskic©snüa/ kar breach of contract

elµIsc,ab; unlawful, meFüa)ay ~


190

unlawful means elµIsvin½y/ kar breach of discipline

l¥itl¥n; rW briyayy:agl¥itl¥n; elaborate

el¥óg error, ~ kñúgkareRCIsKMrUtag sample

selection error, ~ kñúgkarvas;Evg error in

measurement, ~ b:Hb:UvKña compensating

errors, ~ EpñkTsSnaTan conceptual error,

~ ykKMrUtag sampling error

v

vKÁGnuvtþ workshop

vdþ cycle, ~ énPaBRkIRk cycle of poverty,

~ eronsURtedaydkBiesaFn_ experimental

learning cycle, ~ esdækic© economic cycle

vDÆnPaB progress, ~ smas compound growth vNÑ³ class, ~ sgÁm social class

vNÑ³kNþal ¬rW vNÑ³KhbtI¦ middle class

vNÑ³GPiCn nobility

vtßúFatuedIm raw material

vtßúFatueRbIR)as; consumables

vtßúFana/ edayKµan without security

vtßúniTÞsSn_ feature

vtßúbBa©aM object in pawn, collateral

vtßúpÁt;pÁg; supply, provision

vtßúmantMél valuables

vtßúrwb)an spoils

vb,Fm’ culture, ~ rYceTas culture of impunity v½yekµg/ RbCaCn young people

v:arIy:g; variance (statistics), ~ cMelIy Tak;Tin correlated response variance,

~ cMelIysamBaØ simple response variance vaTb,divaT rW vaTRbtivaT controversy

vaytMél/ kar appraisal, ~ CnbTedayman karcUlrYm participatory rural appraisal (PRA) vaytMél/ kar assessment, ~ PaBRkIRkeday mankarcUlrYm participatory poverty assessment (PPA) vaytMél/ kar evaluation, ~ KMerag\NTan

credit project evaluation, ~ eRkayeBl KMeragcb; ex-post project evaluation, ~

FnFan nigtMrUvkar demand and resource evaluation (DARE) vaytMéleLIgvij v. reassess, kar ~ reassessment, revaluation vaynPNÐ textile, ]sSahkmµ ~ textile industry vaynPNÐ/ TMnij textile, soft goods

vaybenßak v. underrate

vayBn§/ Gñk ¬m> kMNt;Bn§/ Gñk¦ assessor of taxes vaysµan/ kar speculation, ~ suT§saF pure


191

speculation varIvb,kmµ aquaculture

varIGKÁisnI/ sMNg; hydropower construction vas;)an/ PaBGac measurability

vas;EvgPaBmancMeNj/ kar measurement of profitability vikáybRt invoice, bill, ~ kMBugbBa¢Ún bill in

transit, ~ Ky customs invoice, ~ dwk CBa¢Únsrub groupage/grouped bill of

lading, ~ RtUvsg bill payable, ~ RtUvsg enAeBlbgðaj bill at sight, ~ beNþaHGasnñ pro forma invoice, ~ eGayRbmUlR)ak; bill

sent for collection, ~ lk; ¬TMnij¦ sale

invoice, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ commercial invoice

viC¢man/ CBa¢IgTUTat; positive balance of payments viC¢aCIv³ adj. professional, esah‘uy ~

professional fees, karrkSasMgat; ~ professional secrecy viC¢aCIv³esrI liberal profession

viC¢anaTIBlrdæ civics

viC¢asßanCatisßiti National Institute of Statistics (NIS) viBaØabnkmµ/ lixit notarial deed

viBaØabnb½Rt certficate, ~ TMgn; certificate

of weighing, ~ epJIR)ak; certificate of

deposit, ~ RbPBedImTMnij certificate of

origin, ~ bBa¢ak;BIkEnøgEkécñ certificate of

processing, ~ bBa¢ak;KuNPaB certificate

of quality, ~ bBa¢ak;suxPaBl¥ clean bill of

health, ~ BinitüeraKqøg certificate of

quarantine, viBaØabnb½RtGnusidæ certificate of registration vitikmµFnsaFarN³ ¬karekjRbv½Ba©RTBüsm,tþi saFarN³¦ misappropriation of public funds vitßarkmµ ¬m> BRgIk/ kar¦ expansion vieTsP½NÐ ¬m> TMnijnaMcUl¦ imports viTüal½y high school, Gnu ~ junior high school viTüasaRsþvas;Evgesdækic© econometrics

viTüasaRsþesdækic© economics, applied economics viFan rule, ~ RbugRby½tñ prudential rule

viFankar measure, ~ esdækic© economic

measure, ~ sareBIBn§ fiscal measure

viFankarkarBarplitplkñúgRsuk protectionist measure viFanTUeTA/ tam as a general rule

viFI method, ~ Tajehtupl deductive method viFIedaHRsayBIrpøÚv two-track approach

viFIsaRsþ approach, ~ CYyxøÜnÉg self-help approach viFIsaRsþ methodology


192

viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦ tamEbbKuNPaB qualitative method viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦ tamEbbbrimaN quantitative method vinicä½y/ kar judgment

vinieyaK investment, Gñk ~ investor, GaCJa b½NÑ ~ investment licence, ~ saFarN³ public investment, ~ pÞal;BIbreTs foreign direct investment (FDI) vinieyaK rW eFVIvinieyaK invest

vinieyaK/ kardkTunQb; disinvestment

vinieyaKcMruH joint venture

vinieyaKCamUlb½Rt ¬PaKh‘unTaMgGs;rbs; vinieyaKinNamñak;¦ portfolio investment

vinieyaKbnþ v. ¬vinieyaKR)ak;cMeNjeTAkñúg GaCIvkmµvij¦ reinvest, plough back

vinieyaKbnøas; replacement investment

vinieyaKbreTs foreign investment

vinieyaKmansuvtßiPaBx<s; ¬]> b½NÑrtnaKar¦ gilt-edged investments vinieyaKrUbvnþ physical investment (materials, money...) vinieyaKCah‘un/ kar equity investment

vinieyaKeLIgvij v. reinvest

vinieyaKin investor

vinÞPaB ¬m> cMeNj/ PaBman¦ gain vibtiþ crisis, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial crisis, ~

bMNul debt crisis

vi)ak/ EdlCa consequential

vibulPaB prosperity

viPaK/ kar analysis, ~ BIéføedIm cost analysis,

~ eRKaHRbeTs country-risk analysis,

~ m:aRkUesdækic© macroeconomic analysis viPaKcMNaynigplcMeNj/ kar cost-benefit

analysis, ~ xagsgÁmkic© social cost-benefit analysis (SCBA), ~ xagesdækic© economic

cost-benefit analysis (ECBA), ~ hirBaØvtßú financial cost-benefit analysis (FCBA) viPaKTan contribution, ~ CasMPar³ contribution in kind viPaKénevTyitPaB sensitivity analysis

viPaKlMhUrsac;R)ak;Kittamry³eBl discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis viPaCn_/ R)ak; financial appropriation/ allocation viPaCn_RKYsar family allowance(s)

vimCÄkar decentralisation, GMNac ~

decentralised power, eFVI ~ decentralise

viercnkmµ ¬m> visuT§ikmµ¦ purge

vivtþn_/ kar evolution, dMeNIkar ~ evolving process vivnkar ¬m> éRBeQI/ karkab;¦ deforestation

vivaT n. dispute, ynþkaredaHRsay ~

dispute settlement mechanism, ~ dIFøI land dispute


193

visC¢na ¬m> karepJIR)ak;ecj¦ remittance

visPaK/ visman heterogenous

vismta disequilibrium

vismFn/ r)ay unequal wealth distribution

vismPaB inequality, ~ énR)ak;cMNUl income inequality vismamaRt disproportionate, ~ cMnYnsac; R)ak; disproportionate amount of cash

vismitPaB incompatibility vishmCÄkar deconcentration

vis½y sector, TUTaMg ~ sectorwide, tam ~

sectoral, kMrit ~ sectoral level

vis½yminTak;TgnwgRKYsar non-household sector visaNU ¬m> vIrus¦ virus

visamBaØ/ sm½yRbCMu extraordinary session

visalPaB scope

visuT§ikmµ purge

viessanumanviFI ¬m> viFITajehtupl¦ deductive method viesaFnkmµ amendment (of a law, contract...) visMBaFesdækic© economic depression

vIedGU video

vIrus virus, ~ kMuBüÚT½r computer virus

vwkvr/ kar upheaval, ~ kñúgsgÁm social upheaval

evKBl ¬m> el,Óncracr¦ evC¢saRsþ adj. medical, CMnYy ~ medical

assistant, GñkCMnYy ~ medical aid, Gñk ~ medic evTyitkmµbBa©úHbBa©Úl/ eFVI v. lobby

evTyitPaB ¬sßiti¦ sensitivity, viPaKén ~ sensitivity analysis evTika forum, platform

Evgq¶ay/ EdlemIleXIj far-sighted

s

skmµ/ ya:g lively

skmµRKb;RKg proactive

skmµeT,Ig/ eFVIeGay v. activate

skmµRbyuT§ proactive

skmµPaB activity, ~ GaCIvkmµ business activity saklPavUbnIykmµesdækic© globalisation of economy

skçIkmµ proof

skçIkmµ/ cMNayman justified expense

skçIb½Rt supporting document (accounting)

skçIb½Rt ¬b½NÑcMNay¦ voucher

skçIb½RtcuHbBa¢I journal voucher

skçIb½Rt\NTan credit slip

skþanuBl n. potential


194

skþanuPaB potentiality

skþanuPUt adj. potential

skþiPUminiym feudalism

skþisiT§i effective, PaB ~ effectiveness

sg ¬karxUcxat¦ v. pay compensation, recompense sgkarR)ak; v. service a debt

sgtambBa¢a v. pay to order

sgtambBa¢a adj. payable to order

sgbNþak;/ kar ¬]> tamEx¦ payment by instalments sgbNþak;/ R)ak; instalment, RbB½n§ ~ instalment system sg)an payable

sgR)ak;CMBak; pay the balance

sgR)ak;CMBak;/ kar back payment

sgR)ak;bNþak;/ kar deferred payments

sgR)ak;eBlbgðajÉksar pay at sight, kar ~ sight payment sgpþac; redeem, ~ bMNul redeem a debt

sgpþac;/ kar redemption, ~ nUvRTBüvinieyaKredemption of investment materials sgvij v. pay back, refund, reimburse,

kar ~ repayment, reimbursement

sgvij/ R)ak; repayment, refund

sgeGayGñkkan; v. & adj. 1. pay to bearer 2. payable to bearer sgát;cuH ¬TIpSar/ GarmµN_/ Qñan;RhVaMgrfynþ >>>¦

v. depress

sgát;F¶n; v. emphasise

sgáat;RkIRk ¬rexkrxak¦ slum, Gñkrs;enAkñúg ~ slum-dwellers

segát v. observe, esckþI ~ observation

segát ¬emIl¦/ kar observation

segçb/ esckþI ¬GtßbT¦ executive summary

segçbsMrab;eKalneya)ay policy brief

sgÁtPaB ¬m> suIKña/ PaB¦ consistency sgÁm society, ~ ksikmµ agrarian society,

~ suIvil civil society

sgÁmCati nation

sgÁmviTüa sociology

sgÁhFn mutual fund

sgÁhsmaKm mutual societies

sRgÁam/ sßanPaBsßitkñúg act of war

s®gÁam/ ehtuekIteLIgeday act of war

s®gÁamraMuér: protracted war

se®gÁaHEpñkmnusSFm’/ kar humanitarian relief

sgS½y/ eday\t undoubted

sc©karP½NÐ ¬m> vtßúbBa©aM¦ collateral, object in pawn sc©FarN_ presumption, ~ énnireTas presumption of innocence

sc©anumti ratification

sc©aRbNiFan oath of allegiance


195

sc©avIkrN_ confession

sCÄtþikr ¬m> suT§¦ net, tMél ~ net cost

sCÄnþik³ intrinsic

sBa¢½y savings, KNnI ~ savings account

sBaØa/ sBaØasMKal; ¬TMnij¦ brand

sBaØaxn§ perception

sBaØaN notion

sBaØab½NÑ bond ( issued by a company

to borrow money), Tinñpl ~ bond yield,

~ rdæaPi)al government bonds

sBaØab½NÑÑ debenture, Gñkkan; ~ debenture holder sBaØaBaNiC¢kmµ commercial mark

sNþab;Fñab; order, ~ saFarN³ public

order, ~ sgÁm social order

sNæan/ éfø shadow price

stüanum½t adj. ¬QrelIkarBitCak;Esþg¦ objective

stVciBa©wm ¬ykpl¦ livestock

stVéRB wildlife, EdnCMrk ~ wildlife sanctuary stVGUsTaj draft animals (US), draught animal (GB) sTÞanuRkm glossary, lexicon

sT§aTan liberality, liberal gift, generosity, gratuity

sT§aluPaB ¬m> gayeCO/ PaB¦ credulity

sniTankmµ rationalisation, ~ m®nþIraCkar rationalisation of civil servants sniTankmµ/ eFVI v. rationalize

sniTanPaB rationality, rationale

sniTanIy ¬m> smehtupl¦ rational snþrRbevsn_ ¬m> cMNakRsuk¦ migration snþiPaB/ karksag peace building

snþisux security, ~ Blkmµ labour security,

~ es,óg food security

snþisuxsgÁm social security, viPaKTan ~ social security contribution snÞna/ kar¼kic© rW snÞnakar conversation

snÞnIyPaB liquidity

snÞsSn_ index

snÞsSn_éføTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer price index (CPI) snÞsSn_britþprNa pss GDP deflator

snÞsSn_ebovtSr_/ kardak; wage indexation

snÞidæPaB understanding, mutual understanding

snÞúHeCOneTAmux momentum

snÞúHCMruj n. impetus

sn§isBaØa treaty

snñidæan/ kar conclusion, inference

snñiFi stock

snñiFikark³ ¬m> snSMR)ak;/ Gñk¦ saver

snñi)at convention


196

snñisIT conference

snñisITkMBUl summit

snµtCamun presumption

snµtikmµ rW karsnµt convention

snüa/ kar promise, pledge

snüacMNay/ kar promise to pay (French: engagement de dépense) snüatamhtßelxa/ kar ¬FnaKar¦ guarantees and commitments under signature (banking) snüalk;Cak;lak;/ kar firm offer

snøwkdac;BIKña/ esovePAFM loose-leaf ledger

snøwkh‘un share, stock

snSM/ R)ak; savings, KNnIsnSM savings account snSM ¬R)ak;¦/ Gñk saver

snSMTukEtm/ kar collection of stamps

snSMsMéc economise

snSMsMéc/ Epnkar thrift plan

snSMsMécfamBl/ kar energy conservation sb,úrsFm’ charity

s½BÞb½Rt ¬katTUrs½BÞ¦ phone card

sPaK ¬m> esµIsac;¦ homogenous

sPapat;Tat; clearing house (banking)

sPaBaNiC¢kmµ chamber of commerce

smkalkmµ synchronisation

smta ¬m> lMnwg¦ equilibrium

smtulü balance, ~ edImRKa¼cugRKa opening/

closing balance, ~ TMnijnigesva balance

on goods and services, ~ enACMBak; outstanding balance, ~ manelx ¬minsUnü¦ open balance, ~ viC¢man¼GviC¢man positive/

negative balance, ~ minTan;TUTat; unpaid

balance, ~ \NTayI¼\Nayik credit/debit balance

smtßkic©/ man competent, GaCJaFr ~ competent authority smtßPaB capacity, kñúg ~ tampøÚvc,ab; in a

legal capacity, ~ plit production

capacity, ~ pÞúk load-carrying capacity,

~ eBjelj full capacity, ~ rkR)ak; earning

capacity, ~ elIs excess capacity

smtßPaB ¬eFVIGVImYy¦ capability

smtßPaB/ kar)at;bg; incapacity

smtßPaB/ man capable, efficient, kmµkr ~ efficient worker smtßPaBxagbBaØa mental ability

smtßPaBsgbMNulrbs;Gñkx©I credit rating

smFm’ equity, mUlniFi ~ equity fund,

~ sgÁm social equity

smFm’/ Kµan unfair

smFm’/ eday equitable

smFm’/ man fair, with equity

smPaKI counterpart


197

smPaB equality, ~ énR)ak;cMNUl incomeequality smmitþ n. comrade

smmUl equivalent, ~ nig equivalent to,

tMél ~ equivalent value

smrmü fair, reasonable, éfø ~ fair/

reasonable price, PaB ~ fairness

smlµm adequate

smlµm/ min inadequate

smRsb adj. appropriate, bec©kviTüa smRsb ~ appropriate technology

smRsb/ min inappropriate, unsuitable

smehtupl adj. rational, karrMBwg ~ rational expectation

sm½yRbCMu session, ~ eBjGgÁ plenary session smaKt partner

smaKm association, ~ dwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas GnþrCati International Air Transport Association (IATA)

smac½y ¬m> bgÁrTuk¦ accumulate

smac½yTun capital accumulation

smaCikbMrug reserve member (of a committee) smaCikPaB membership

smankmµ ¬kareFVIeGayRCYtRCab¦ assimilation

smancitþ sympathy

smaPaK ratio, karviPaK ~ ratio analysis

smaPaKkMeNIncMNUlBn§ eFobnwgkMeNIn plitplCatisrub marginal-tax ratio

smaPaKcMNUleFobnwgTunvinieyaK return on investment ratio

smaPaKplcMeNjeFobcMNay benefit-cost ratio

smaPaKbMNul debt ratio

smaPaKrh½s quick ratio

smaPaKsmlµménTun capital adequacy ratio smamaRt proportion, karélEck ~

proportional allocation, ~ nwg in proportion to

smayat ¬m> kUta¦ smasFatu element

smasPaK component

smasPaB composition

smahrNkmµ integration, ~ ]sSahkmµ integration of industry, ~ bBaÄr vertical

integration, ~ esdækic© economic integration

smitPaB ¬PaBcUlKñacuH¦ compatibility

smiT§ikmµ/ smiT§ipl realisation

smiT§ilT§PaB/ karsikSaBI feasibility study

smIkar equation

smuc©½y collection

smUhPaB collectivity


198

smUhPaB/ Ca collective, sñaéd ~ collective work smUhPavUbnIykmµ collectivisation

sm,Tan concession, ~ éRBeQI forest

concession, ~ éfø price concession

sm,Tan adj. concessional, concessionary

kMcIpþl; ~ concessional loan, lkçxNÐ ~ concessionary terms sm,Tan/ Edlminpþl; non-concessional

sm,Tanik concessionnaire, concession holder sm,rayikTan ¬m> tMélGnaKt¦ future value sm,rivtþn_ ¬m> pøas;bþÚr/ kar¦ change

sm<½n§kar liaison

sm<½n§PaB alliance

smµtikmµ hypothesis

smµamti/ eKalneya)ay orthodox policy

smµúxIkmµ ¬m> RbQmmuxKña/ kar¦ confrontation sresrCaelxkUd v. encode

sresrTak;TgxagCMnYj/ kar business correspondence

srIragÁ/ ksikmµ organic agriculture

srub total, aggregate, tMrUvkar¼karpÁt;pÁg; ~ aggregate demand/supply

srub gross, plitplkñúgRsuksrub gross domestic product (GDP)

srub total, ~ rYm grand total, ~ rg subtotal svnkmµ audit, auditing, nItiviFI ~ auditing

procedures, GaCJaFr ~ Cati National

Auditing Authority, ~ BIeRkA¼épÞkñúg

external/internal audit, ~ ÉkraCü independent audit svnkr auditor, ~ ÉkraCü independent auditor svnakar hearing

svnakarRbtibkS ¬svnakarEdlKUkþItTl;Kña¦ adversary proceeding

shkmµsiT§i co-ownership, shkmµsiT§ikr co-owner, co-proprietor shkrN_ n. cooperative, BaNiC¢kmµ ~ cooperative trade shkar/ kic© collaboration

shkal rW shsm½y contemporary

shk,d ¬karrYmKMnitk,t;¦ conspiracy

shRkumh‘un cartel

shRKas enterprise, firm, ~ esrI free

enterprise, ~ xñattUc small-scale enterprise

shRKasFuntUc nigmFüm small and medium enterprise (SME) shRKaspÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ public utilities

shRKasrdæ ¬rW shRKassaFarN³¦ state-owned enterprise shRKin entrepreneur


199

shRKinPaB entrepreneurship shcugecaT co-defendant

shCIB trade union (GB), labour union (US) shCIB/ karcUl unionisation

shCIBhtßkr blue-collar union

shCIvin¼smmitþ n. comrade

shFn ¬RkumrdæFøab;enAkñúgcRkPBGg;eKøs¦ commonwealth, shFnrdæÉkraCü commonwealth of independent states shbdiPaK ¬GñkRKb;RKgkarkS½yFnEtgtaMg edaytulakar¦ trustee in bankruptcy

shRbtibtþikar cooperation, eFVI ~ v.

cooperate, EdleFVI ~ cooperative adj.

shRbFan co-chair

shB½T§ spouse

shPaKkmµ/ maRta rW kic©snüacUlh‘un articleof copartnership shPaBRkumh‘un company union shlkçnþik³m®nþIraCkarsuIvil co-statute of civil servants

shsm<½n§ correlation

shesvik colleague

sh\NTayk co-creditor

sehtu causal

sakl global

sakvb,kmµ horticulture

saksYr/ kar ¬B½t’man/ éfø>>>¦ inquiry, lixit ~ B½t’man letter of inquiry

saksYrB½t’man v. make enquiries

saxa ¬Rkumh‘unemkan;kab;h‘unTaMgGs;¦ branch,

wholly owned subsidiary, ~ enAbreTs overseas branches

saxapþl;hirBaØb,Tan financing arm

saKrsaRsþ oceanography

sagsg;-GaCIvkmµ-epÞr build, operate, transfer (BOT)

sac;jati n. relative

sac;R)ak; cash, CMnYs ~ cash substitute,

~ enAFnaKar cash in bank, ~ bnþicbnþÜc petty cash, ~ bMrug cash reserves, ~ man kñúgéd hard cash

sac;R)ak;kñúg ebLa¼éd cash in hand (GB), cash on hand (US) sac;R)ak;kñúgXøaMg vault cash

sac;R)ak;nigRTBügaybþÚrCasac;R)ak; liquidity

saCafµI/ eFVI ¬m> cMlgtam/ eFVI¦ replicate

saCIvkmµ corporation

saCIvkmµ public company or public limited company (PLC) saFnPaB solvency

saFnIy ¬EdlGacsgbMNul¦ solvent

saFarN³ adj. public, GgÁPaB ~ public


200

entity, vis½y ~ public sector, esckþIRbkas CasaFarN³ ~ public proclamation

saFarN³kar public works

saFarNCn public, general public

saFarNCn/ EdlKitRbeyaCn_ public-spirited

saebkçPaB ¬PaBmanTMnak;TMng¦ relativity

samKÁIPaB solidarity

samBaØ ordinary, h‘un ~ ¬m> h‘unFmµta¦ ordinary share samBaØkmµ/ kareFVI simplification,

~ nItiviFIKy simplification of customs procedures

samyikPaB periodicity

samayik ¬m> tamkalkMNt;/ eTogeBl¦ periodic, timely samIbrivtþ alienator

sar message

sarkarI notary public

sarxøI² short message, note

sarFatu substance

sarFatueqH flammable substance

sarFatubMBul pollutant

sarB½t’man journal

sareBIBn§ adj. fiscal, RTBüskmµ ~ fiscal

asset, »nPaB ~ fiscal deficit, neya)ay ~

fiscal policy, qñaM ~ fiscal year

sareBIP½NÐ inventory, eFVIbBa¢I ~ draw up

an inventory

sareBIP½NÐ/ eFVI v. take stock, kar ~ stocktaking

sareBIP½NÐTMnijsMrab;lk; sales mix

sareBIP½NÐedIm qñaM¼RKa beginning inventory sarPaB/ kar confession

sarmÖ ¬m> RbkYtRbECg/ kar¦ competition

sarvnþ/ Ca essential, TMnij ~ essential goods

sar³sMxan; significance

sareGLicRtUnik/ GuIEml electronic mail or email sar\NTaneTscrN_ traveller’s letter of credit sar\NTanGaclubvij)an revocable letter of credit saracr circular

salRkm ¬tulakar¦ judgment

saldIka ruling (supreme court)

salakb½Rtpþl;TMnij due-card

sala kat;kþI¼CMrHkþI court or lawcourt

salamFümsikSa secondary school,

~ TutiyPUmi higher secondary school,

~ bzmPUmi lower secondary school

sala]T§rN_ apellate court

savta background

sikçasala seminar, workshop

sikSaenAkariyal½y/ kar desk study


201

sikSabg;éfø/ kar tuition class

sikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an/ kar feasibility study

sikSamunkarsikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an/ kar pre-feasibility study sikSaEsVgyl;/ kar reconnaissance study

siT§anþ dogma

siT§i right, ~ bdiesFTImYy right of first

refusal, ~ e)aHeqñat voting right, ~ pþac;mux exclusive right siT§i/ Edlman eligible, ~ e)aHeqñat eligible to vote siT§i/ Edlman preferential, \NTaykman siT§iTarbMNulmun preferential creditor

siT§ikan;kab; n. ¬GclnRTBüCYl¦ tenancy

siT§iXat;Tuk lien

siT§icMlg copyright

siT§iqøgkat; ¬dIeK¦ right of way

siT§idkR)ak; ¬siT§isMux©I¦ drawing right,

~ sV½yRbvtþi automatic-drawing right

siT§idkBiess Special Drawing Rights (SDR) siT§iTijPaKh‘un ¬kñúgéføNamYyenAeBlNa mYy¦ naGnaKt share option

siT§iTijmuneK ¬nUvsnøwkh‘unecjpSayfµI EfmeTot¦ preemption

siT§iRbTan proxy

siT§ieRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ ¬edIm,IeFVIGaCIvkmµ¦ franchise

siT§ieRbIR)as;dIGñkdéT easement

siT§iPtisnüa ¬siT§iénkic©snüaCYl¦ right to the lease siTi§ls; ¬rbs;kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk¦ equity of redemption siT§ieGayrksIupþac;muxtamEbbbTeK/ karpþl; business format franchising siT§iGMNac authority, power, mandate

siniT§Bl ¬kMlaMgpSarP¢ab;Kña¦ cohesion

sib,kmµ handicraft

sIlFm’ ethics, ~ viC¢aCIv³ ethics

sIlFm’ morality, man ~ l¥ good morality,

~ sgÁm social morality

swkerc/ kar wear and tear, depreciation

suRkitüPaB/ lkçxNÐ idealised condition

suxdumnIykmµ harmonisation

suxdumrmna/ PaB harmony

suxPaB/ karEfTaM health care

suxPaBl¥/ man adj. healthy

suxevTn_RbeTs welfare state

suxumalPaBRKYsar family well-being

suqnÞ³ n. goodwill

suTidiæniym optimism

suTidæi/ kar)a:n;sµan optimistic estimate

suT§ net, karnaMecj ~ net exports

suT§citþ/ eday free will

suBlPaB validity, pþl; ~ validate


202

suPnicä½½y common sense

surieyadI cadastre

suvtßiPaB safety, sMNaj; ~ rWRbB½n§ ~safety net suvtßiPaB/ Kµan unsafe

suvuDÆikmµ ¬m> EklMG/ kar¦ amelioration suivil adj. civil

suIKña/ PaB coherence, consistency

suICMerA/ karvaytMél in-depth evaluation

suIDI vIedGU video CD

suIDIr:m CD-Rom

suaM ¬nwgCMgW¦/ PaB immunity

sUk v. bribe

sUcnakr ¬m> GaMDIkaT½r¦ indicator

sUhVEvr software (computer programme)

sYy rW sYysarGakr royalties

sYrbBa¢ak;sakSIepÞógpÞat;nwgcMelIyeBlmun v. cross-examine esovePAk,Ün manual

esovePAcMNaytUctac petty-cash book

esovePAcMNayR)ak; cash-disbursement book

esovePAcMNUlR)ak; cash-receipt book

esovePAFnaKar bank book

esovePAFM ledger (accounting), general

ledger, ~ Tij purchase ledger, ~ rg subsidiary ledger esovePAbnÞúk ¬sMrab;edjéfø¦ tender terms

and conditions book esovePAbnÞúkénkarvinieyaK book of investment esovePAebLasMéc savings-bank book

esovePAR)ak;beBaØI passbook

esovePA eyag¼RsavRCav reference book

esovePAs White Book

esovePAsgR)ak; cash paid book

se®gÁaH v. rescue, kar ~ n. rescue

se®gÁaH/ kar salvage ( ship or cargos)

se®gÁaHRkumh‘unCYbkarlM)akxaghirBaØvtßú v. bail out se®gÁaHbnÞan; emergency, kMcI ~ emergency

loan, KMerag ~ emergency project, mUlniFi ~ emergency fund viFankar ~ emergency measures esckþIEcg provision (law)

esckþIENnaM instruction, direction

esckþIéføfñÚr dignity

esckþIeTIbelIkeLIg foregoing

esckþIRbkas statement

esckþIRbkasCasaFarN³ public statement/ proclamation esckþIepþIm introduction

esckþIRBag draft

esckþIsMerc decision, kareFVI ~ decision making,

GñkeFVI ~decision maker, ~ tamc,ab; legal

decision, ~RbkbedayKti rational decision


203

esckþIsMerccitþ ¬énGgÁRbCMu¦ resolution

esckIþsMercrbs;GaCJakNþal award

esdækic© economy, ~ kMBugegIbeT,Ig

emerging economies, ~ ggwt black

economy, ~ TIpSar market economy,

~ TIpSarerobry ¬rW ~ niy½tTIpSar ¦ market-

regulated economy, ~ TIpSaresrI free

market economy, ~ neya)ay political

economy, ~ ebIkcMh open economy,

~ eRbIR)ak;kas cash economy, ~ Epnkar planned economy, ~ EpnkarRbmUlpþúM centrally planned economy, ~ maRtdæan economies of scale, ~ mUlFn capitalist

economy, ~ rUbiyvtßú money economy,

~ vimCÄkar decentralised economy

esdækic©/ viTüasaRsþvas;Evg econometrics

esdækic©-sgÁmkic©/ Gegát socio-economic survey

esdækic©ÉkCn/ GgÁPaB private economic entity esdæBaNiC¢kmµ commercial dealing

esdæviTU economist

esNarIy:U scenario

esnaFikar executive body/entity/unit

esnaFikar ¬sßab½n¦ mecanism

esyümanH superiority complex

esrI free, pSar ~ free market, Rbtibtþikar elIpSar ~ open market operations

esrIPaBksagsmaKm freedom of association esrIPaBénBlrdæ civil liberty

esrIPavUbnIykmµ liberalisation, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ liberalisation of trade esvPaB easement

esva service, kic©snüa ~ service contract,

kMér ~ service fees, ]sSahkmµ ~ service

industry, ~ RckecjcUlEtmYy one-stop

service, ~ bnÞab;bnSM ancillary services,

~ bMNul loan service (interest payment),

~ hirBaØvtßú financial services, ~ Gb;rM education service

esvakmµ service

esvakmµTMnij/ RKwHsßan merchandising service establishment ess/ elx odd number

sesIr/ Edl complementary

esuIbGegát v. investigate

esaFnnivtþn_ retirement pension, pension,

mUlniFi ~ pension fund

esah‘uy expense, charge, ~ FnaKar bank charge esah‘uybegáItshRKasdMbUg initial outlay or initial capital outlay

sMxan;CagGVIÉeTot overriding (in text of


204

law) sMgat; confidential

sMécFnFan/ karKitKUr husbanding of resources

sMEdg ¬tY¦ role play

sMedA oriented (orientated)

sMNg ¬karxUcxat/ CMgWcitþ¦ compensation, redress, indemnity sMNg/ eFVI v. indemnify

sMNgcMeBaHkarxUcxat/ ¬R)ak;¦ damages

sMNl; ¬fvika¦ excess

sMNl; ¬GVIEdlenAsl;¦ remainder

sMNl;/ tMél residual value

sMNak ¬m> KMrUtag¦ sample

sMNUk n. bribe, sIu ~ take a bribe

sMNUmBr demand

sMeNI proposal, ~ KMerag project proposal

sMeNI n. request

sMeNA voucher

sMNMuerOg dossier

sMNMuÉksar/ karksag documentation

sMbkevcx©b; packing, packaging

(accounting), ~ RbmUlvij¼epJITuk returnable

packing, ~ minRbmUlvij non-returnable packing

sMbuRtkMeNIt birth certificate

sMbuRtKaMRT ¬eGaycUleFVIkar¦ testimonial

sMBaF n. pressure, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial

pressure, dak; ~ v. put pressure

sMPar³ material

sMPas/ eFVIsMPas v. interview

sMPasn_muneBlpþl;CMnYy pre-grant interview

sMeyaK/ plitpl synthetic products

sMrg; extract

sMrg;KNnI statement of account,

~ BIFnaKar bank statement

sMrg;GtßbT n. abstract

sMrab; set (e.g. a set of six chairs)

sMruHsMrYl/ kar mediation

sMruHsMrYl/ Gñk mediator

sMrYl/ CYy v. facilitate

sMrYl/ ]bkrN_ facility, ~ sMrab;mUlniFibEnßm

extended fund facility (EFF), ~ sMrab; EktMrUvbEnßm extra-structural adjustment facility (ESAF)

sMrYlkar/ eRKOg¼kEnøg facilities

sMerc final, end, pl ~ end result

sMerc v. decide, KMnUsedImeQIénRbB½n§ ~ decision-tree

sMerc/ eFVI[sMerc v. realise

sMelgeqñat vote

sMelgPaKeRcIn ¬e)aHeqñat¦ majority

sMviFanFn provision reserve (accounting)


205

sMviFanvtßú provision (supply)

sMviFanvtßú ¬sMrab;TUTat;mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦ fund (French: provision) sMGitsMGag/ kar ¬m> visuT§ikmµ¦ purge

saMjúaM complex, PaBsaMjúaM complexity

sÁal;/ TTYlsÁal; v. recognise

s¶ÜtEhg/ tMbn; arid area

sþg;dar ¬KuNPaB¦/ dl; up to standard sþg;dar standard, ~ GnþrCati international

standard, ~ bBa¢a compulsory standard,

~KuNPaB quality standard, ~ RBag draft standard sþg;darmas gold standard, RbB½n§bþÚr R)ak;tam ~ gold standard system sþg;darUbnIykmµ standardisation sþg;Dig standing (bank), FnaKarman ~ l¥ bank of good standing sþarCYsCuleGaydUcedIm/ kar restoration sþarhirBaØvtßúeLIgvij/ kar rehabilitation of finances sþareLIgvij rehabilitate, kar ~ rehabilitation,

KMerag ~ rehabilitation project sþITI interim sþúk inventory, b½NÑ ~ inventory stock card sþúk stock, ~ kñúgéd stock in hand, ~ cas; old stock, ~ eRcIn² stockpile, ~ edImRKa opening stock, ~ RtIFmµCati natural fish

stock, ~ TMnijsMrab;lk; stock in trade, ~

sMrab;Tb;Tl;karERbRbYl buffer stock sþúk/ kar ¬Tukdak;GIv:an;kñúgXøaMg¦ storage sþúk ¬Tuk¦/ kar stocking, stockpiling

sßanPaB status, TIPñak;garRsavRCav ~ Rkumh‘un status-inquiry agency sßanPaBKµansiT§iGMNac/ karRcancUl marginalisation sßanPaBCak;EsþgkMBugman status quo sßanPaBRtUveFVICMerIsd¾Bi)ak dilemma sßanIy station, ~ eKaledA station of

destination, ~ ecjdMeNIr station of origin sßabtükmµ architecture sßab½n institution, agency, ~ rdæ government

agency, ~ saFarN³Rbhak;RbEhl quasi-

public institution, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial

institution, ~ eGayx©IR)ak; lending

institution, ~ \NTan credit institution sßabnik founder sßabnikRkumh‘un company promoter sßabnUbnIykmµ institutionalisation, eFVI ~ institutionalise sßiti statistics sßirkmµ¼sßirPavUbnIykmµ stablilisation,

neya)ay ~ stabilisation policy, ~ rUbiyvtßú


206

monetary stabilisation sßirPaB stability, ~ éføkñúgRsuk domestic

price stability, ~ esdækic© economic

stability, ~ m:aRkUesdækic© macroeconomicstability

sßirPaB/ EdlKµan unstable

sÞabsÞg; ¬mti¦ v. canvass

sÞabsÞg;TIpSar v. sound/test the market

sñak;enA/ GRta occupancy rate (hotel) sñaéd work, ~ sil,³ art work

sñÚl core, fvika ~ core budget, mUlniFi ~

core funding, FnFan ~ core resources

esñI v. request

esñI/ esckþI request, enquiry

esñóteBat ¬bEnø¦ baby corn

es,óg foodstuffs, food items

es,ógsMrab;Blkmµ ¬]> GgárBlkmµ¦ food for work s<wkRTwg/ kar stagnation, ~ esdækic© economic stagnation

s<wkRTwgmanGtiprNa/ kar stagflation (stagnation + inflation) sµ½RKcitþ/ karkat;bn§yeday voluntary restriction/limitation

sµúKsµaj complex, PaBsµúKsµaj complexity sµúKsµaj¼saMjúaM/ eFVIeGay v. complicate

esµIKña equal, equivalent

esµIPaB equality, equitable

esµIsac; homogenous

esµIsac;/ PaB homogeneity

esµIsac;/ min heterogenous

esµón clerk

esµaHRtg; bona fide, GñkTij ~ bona fide purchaser esµaHRtg;/ eday in good faith

esµaHsµ½RK/ kar ¬xagneya)ay¦ allegiance (politics)

Rsg;KMrUtag/ kar sample implementation

Rsgakcitþy:agxøaMg/ kar¼esckþI disillusion

RsTab; stratum, mFümPaKén ~ stratum mean RsTab;nIykmµ stratification, ~ dMbUg primary stratification RsTab;Er: n. deposit

Rsbc,ab; lawful

Rsbc,ab;/ min unlawful

RsbCamYy in compliance with

Rsbtamc,ab;/ eFVIeGay v. legalise

RsavRCav v. research, kar ~ n. research,

kar ~ nigGPivDÆn_ research and development (R & D) RsavRCavsMrab;Gnuvtþ/ kar applied research

RsUbcUl/ kar absorption, intake

RsUbyk/ smtßPaB absortive capacity


207

RsUv paddy, karkin ~ paddy husking,

~ F¶n; late rice, ~ Rsal early rice, short-season rice eRsacRsB v. irrigate, kar ~ irrigation,

RbB½n§ ~ irrigation system

RbB½n§GnueRKaHTUeTA Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) RsuHRsYl/ kar compromise

søak ¬sMrab;biTelIplitpl¦ label

søab;rs;/ bBaða life or death issue

sV½yRKb;RKg self-managing

sVy½t autonomous, shRKas ~

autonomous enterprise, GgÁPaBesdækic© ~ autonomous economic entity sV½yTMgn; self-weighting

sV½yRTRTg; self-sustaining, self-supporting

sV½yPaB/ sVy½tPaB autonomy, sV½yPaB hirBaØvtßú financial autonomy

sV½yPi)alesdækic© economic autonomy

sV½ysMerc self-determination

sV½yhirBaØb,Tan self-financing

sV½yaFibetyü ¬esdækic©m©as;karxøÜnÉgpÞal; min BwgEp¥kelI karnaMecj-naMcUl rW CMnYyesdækic©¦ autarky (economy)

EsVgrkemIl v. identify

s¥at adj. clean, ynþkarGPivDÆn_ ~ clean development mechanism

s¥ats¥M/ PaB integrity

h

htßkmµ manual labour

htßekaslü craftsmanship

htßelxI signatory

h‘un share, karcUl ~ equity participation

h‘un/ PaKh‘un share, Gñkkan;PaKh‘un shareholder h‘unFmµta ordinary share, equities

h‘unGnueRKaH preference share hak;K½r ¬GñklYceRCotcUlkñúgRbB½n§kMuBüÚT½r GñkdéT¦ hacker

haglk;ray retail outlet

hat;kar/ Gñk trainee (GB), intern (US)

haniP½y exposure (banking), ~ FM large exposure haniP½y risk, karBicarNaBI ~ risk

consideration, ~ rdæaPi)alminGacsgR)ak; sovereign risk, ~ r:ab;rgedaym©as;¬TMnij¦

at owner’s risk, ~ \NTansrub aggregate credit risk hamXat;/ kar prohibition

hamXat;/ Edl adj. prohibitive (i.e by law)

higSa violence

hibexµA ¬begáItedaysMgat;¦ slush fund


208

hirBaØb,Tan financing, ~ »nPaB deficit

financing, ~ kñúgRbeTs domestic

financing, ~ FnaKar bank financing

hirBaØb,Tan/ pþl;¼eFVI v. finance

hirBaØvtßú n. finance, KNenyü ~ financial

accounting, ~ saFarN³ public finance,

~ sßab½n institutional finance

hirBaØik n. treasurer

hInmanH inferiority complex

hUtBn§ v. tax, levy

hUr/ kar flow

hYskalkMNt;sg overdue, past-due, kMcI ~ overdue loan, bMNul ~ past-due debt

hYssm½y obsolete, outdated, PaB ~ obsolescence

ehdæarcnasm<½n§ infrastructure

ehtupl rationale

h‘¿uB½T§/ kar embargo, dak;¼elIk karh‘¿uB½T§ esdækic© place/lift an economic embargo

hÁat; ¬kic©RBmeRBogTUeTAsþIBItaragBn§Ky nig BaNiC¢kmµ¦ GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) eRhVkg; ¬viTüú¦ frequency

hVIt/ hVÚt ¬rgVas;RbEvg¦ feet, foot

hVIúhVÚ Fifo (first in, first out)

EhSn gene, ksikmµécñ ~ GM agriculture,

karécñ ~ genetic modification, Ekécñ ~

modify a gene, lMdab; ~ genetic

sequence, sMNMu ~ genome, Gaharécñ ~ GM (genetically modified) food

L

Lúgbut ¬GUb½r¦ power boat

LÚt_ batch, elx ~ batch number

LÚt_/ dI plot of land

LÚsuik logic

eLIgcuH ¬éfø¦/ kar fluctuation

eLIgéfø¼tMél/ kar appreciation

eLIgéføvij ¬snøwkh‘un>>> eRkayBI)ancuHéfø¦ rally (price)

eLIgehIycuH up and down

G

Gkmµ adj. passive

GkçranuRkm rW vcnanuRkm dictionary

GKÁ general, GKÁelxaFikar secretary-general GKÁnayk director-general, GKÁnaykrg deputy director-general GKÁaFikar general inspector, ~ rg deputy general inspector GKÁaFikardæan general inspectorate


209

GKÁIsnIPavUbnIykmµ electrification

Gegát v. & n. survey, Tinñn½y ~ survey

data, Rbtibtþikar ~ survey operation,

el¥óg ~ survey error, ~ eKal benchmark

survey, ~ KMrUtag sample survey, ~ RKYsar household survey, ~ ¬Ca¦mUldæan baseline

survey, ~ dIFøI land survey, ~ TUeTA general

survey, ~ RTg;RTayFM large-scale survey,

~ RbCaCn population survey

Gegát/ GñkcuHeFVI surveyor

GgÁkar organisation, ~ sgÁm social organisation

GgÁkarfñak;eRkam ¬kMritRbCaCn¦ grassroots organisation GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al non-government organisation (NGO) GgÁkarelx organisation chart, flow chart GgÁkarshRbtibtþikaresdækic© nigGPivDÆn_ Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) GgÁkarGcié®nþy_ permanent organ

GgÁkarGnþrCatixagsþg;darUbnIykmµ International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) GgÁecARkm judiciary

GgÁc,ab; nig bTb,BaØtþi body of rules and regulations GgÁFatuBak;kNþalcMlg ¬eGLicRtUnik¦

semiconductor GgÁnItibBaØtþi legislature

GgÁpSM n. aggregate

GgÁPaB unit, entity

GgÁPaB/ kñúg in-house, karbNþúHbNþalPasa ~ in-house language training

GgÁPaBesdækic© economic entity, ~ cMruH mixed economic entity, ~ sVy½t autonomous economic entity GgÁPaBGaCIB firm

GgÁehtu fact

Gclkmµ ¬m> RTBüskmµCab;lab;/ GclnRTBü¦ immovable property Gclkmµ/ eFVI v. immobilise (finance)

GclnRTBü real estate

GclnRTBü ¬dI nig¼rW GaKar¦ immovable

property, real estate/property, TIPñak;gar ~ real-estate agency Gclnvtßú ¬m> GclnRTBü¦ immovable property Gcié®nþy_ permanent, RKwHsßan ~ permanent establishment GciéRnþy_/ lixitbBa¢a standing order

Gcirkal ¬m> ry³eBlxøI¦ short term Gectna adj. involuntary, unintentional Gc©½yTan ¬ekrþ×¦ legacy

Gc©½yTanCaclnvtßú ¬GMeNayclnvtßútamry³ mrtksasn_¦ n. bequest


210

Gc©½yTanCaGclnRTBü n. ¬tammrtksasn_¦devise Gc©½yTanlaPI legatee Gc©½yTayk legator GcäinRTBü booty GBaØtb½NÑ/ GBaØtb½Rt bill of lading, ~

edaypÞal; direct bill of lading, ~ rYm omnibus bill of lading

GBaØat unknown (factor, quantity...)

GBaØatb½NÑpøÚvGakas rW b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas¦airway bill GaNaniKmniymEbbfµI neocolonialism GNþÚg well, ~ xYg drilled well, ~ dak;lU ring well GENþt floating, kmµkr ~ temporary worker,

Blkmµ ~ casual labour, GRta ~ floating

rate, GRtabþÚrR)ak; ~ flexible exchange rate

GENþt¼dak;eGayGENþt¼bENþt v. float Gt;kargareFVI/ PaB joblessness Gt;kareFVI adj. unemployed, Gñk ~ n.

unemployed, PaB ~ unemployment

Gt;c,ab;/ Edl ¬Kµanc,ab;RKb;RKg rW KµankareKarB c,ab;¦ lawless GtifiCn customer Gtifita clientele GtibrmanIykmµ maximisation GtiprNa inflation, ktþa ~ inflation factor,

KNenyü ~ inflation accounting, KMlat ~

inflationary gap, ry³eBlman ~ inflationary period GtiprNa/ karbnßy disinflation GtiprNaelatepøaH hyperinflation, galloping inflation GtiprNasnSwm² creeping inflation Gtipl intensive, ksikmµ ~ intensive agriculture GtiBlkmµ labour-intensive, ]sSahkmµ ~ labour-intensive industry Gtierk surplus Gtisuxumelak microcosm GtItPaB seniority, tMelIgfñak;tam ~ promotion by seniority GtItyuT§Cn veteran (soldier) GtulüPaB imbalance Gtþenam½t/ CMerIs subjective choice GtþsBaØaNkmµ identification GtþsBaØaNb½NÑ identity card GtßKahk ¬m> GñkTTYlpl¦ beneficiary, ~

Cayfaehtu contingency beneficiary GtßRbeyaCn_ benefit, ~ pþl;eGaybuKÁlik personnel benefits GtßRbeyaCn_bEnßm ¬pþl;CabEnßmelIebovtSr_¦ fringe benefits, perks (or perquisites) GtßiPaB existence GRta rate, ~ efr fixed rate, ~ Bn§ tax


211

rate, ~ GENþt floating rate GRtakarR)ak; interest rate, ~ carwk nominal

rate of interest, ~ snSM interest rate for savings GRtakarR)ak;rvagFnaKarBaNiC¢enATIRkugLúg Libor (London Interbank Offered Rate) GRtakMeNInRbCaCn population-growth rate

GRtaKaMBarskþisiT§i effective rate of protection (ERP) GRtacuHeQµaHcUleron enrollment rate (school) GRtaecjcUlénBlkr turnover rates of labour GRtacMNUlesdækic© economic rate of return

GRtacMeNj profit margin GRtaéføTIpSarRbcaMéf¶ current-market rate GRtaTajcMNUl rate of return, ~ épÞkñúg internal rate of return (IRR), ~ hirBaØvtßú financial rate of return GRtanikmµPaBFmµCati natural unemployment rate GRtanukUldæan civil status, esovePA ~ civil

status book, sMbuRt ~ certificate of civil status GRtabgVilsþúk ¬kñúg1qñaM¦ stock turnover (ratio) GRtabiT ¬GRtabþÚrR)ak;eBlbiTRbtibtþikar RbcaMéf¶¦ closing rate GRtabuKÁlikecj ¬BIGgÁPaB¦ labour turnover

GRtabMeBjekAGIGñkdMeNIr ¬tamynþehaH¦ passenger load factor GRtabþÚrR)ak; exchange rate, ~ dl;éd spot

exchange rate, ~ efr fixed exchange

rate, ~ TIpSar parallel market exchange

rate, ~ enAeBlbiT closing rate, ~ pøÚvkar official exchange rate, ~ mFümRbcaMEx

monthly average exchange rate, ~ man kalkMNt; forward exchange rate, ~ man sßirPaB stable exchange rate

GRtabþÚrrUbiyb½NÑepÞógpÞat; ¬GRtabþÚrR)ak;eFob tamrUbiyvtßúTI3 dUcCa duløar¦ cross rate, exchange cross rate GRtaRbCasaRsþ demographic rate (birth, death...) GRtapøÚvkar official rate

GRtaBn§KyGnueRKaHBiess ¬Tab¦ preferential duty (tariff) GRtamrN³ mortality rate, death rate, ~

kumar infant mortality rate, ~ matuPaB maternal mortality rate GRtaykKMrUtag sampling rate

GRtaGñkmankargareFVI employment rate

Gefr n. variable

GFikarkic© inspection, kMéresva ~ inspection

fee, Rkum ~ inspectorate, viBaØabnb½Rt ~

inspection certificate, ~ TMnijmuneBlpÞúk pre-shipment inspection


212

GFikarkic©/ eFVI v. inspect GFibBa¢a ¬bBa¢arbs;ecARkm¦ injunction (judge’s order) GFibtI chairman

GFibetyüPaB sovereignty

Gn;KuNPaB ¬TMnij¦ deteriorated (goods)

Gn;fy/ kar ¬KuNPaB/ éfø>>>¦ deterioration

Gn;fy/ PaB backwardness

GnaKti ¬m> minlMeGog/ PaB¦ impartiality GnibuNPaB ¬m> manex©aH/PaB¦imperfection

Gnimitþ ¬m> GaRs½yelI¦ contingent

GnivasCn/ GnivasnCn n. non-resident

GnItiCn n. minor

GnItiCnRbRBwtþelµIs n. delinquent

GnuRkwtü sub-decree

GnuBaØat v. authorise, tMNagmankar ~ rWtMNag mansiT§iRbTan authorised representative

GnuBaØat/ kar¼lixit authorisation, permission GnuBaØatBIelakGñk/ Edl)ankar with your permission/sanction GnubNÐit/ fñak; master’s degree

Gnu)at ratio

Gnub,Tan cession

Gnub,Tanik ¬GñkTTYl RTBüsm,tþi¼karEtgtaMg¼ siT§i¦ assignee, transferee

Gnub,TayI ¬Gñk epÞrRTBüsm,tþi¼eFVIkarEtgtaMg¦

assignor Gnub,vaT abstain

GnuRbFan vice-president, vice-chairman,

deputy chairman, ~ smaKm vice-president

of an association, ~ RkumRbwkSaPi)al vice-chairman of the board of directors GnupléRBeQI forest sub-product, non-timber forest products (NTFPs) GnuB½n§BaNiC¢kmµ commercial attaché

GnuPaB¼\T§iBl/ Edlman influential

Gnum½tc,ab; enact a law

GnurkS supervisor

GnuelameTAtam/ eday in accordance with

Gnuvtþ/ dak; v. apply

Gnuvtþ/ TIPñak;gar implementing agency

Gnuvtþn_/ karmin non-implementation, non-performance

Gnuvtþn_c,ab;/ kar implementation of a law

Gnuvtþn_Cak;Esþg/ kar practice

GnuviTüal½y junior high school

Gnuvis½y/ kMrit subsectoral level

GnusBaØa convention

Gnusasn_ recommendation

GnusiT§i/ lixit¼kBa©b; registered letter/parcel

GnusiT§i/ sar\NTan confirmed letter of credit

GnusSarN³ memorandum, ~ RBmeRBog memorandum of understanding (MOU)


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GnusSarN³begIátRkumh‘un rW lkçnþik³Rkumh‘un memorandum of association (GB) or articles of incorporation (US) GnusSarN³sþIBIeKalneya)ayesdækic© nighirBaØvtßú MEFP (Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policy: for the IMF) GnueRKaH adj. favourable, concessional, concessionary GnueRKaH/ kar favor, GnueRKaHniym favouritism GnueRKaHBn§/ kar tax relief

Gnþrkmµ interaction

GnþrkarI adj. intermediary, KMerag ~

intermediary project, TMnij ~ intermediate goods GnþrkarI n. intermediary, middleman

GnþrkarIkmµ intermediation, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial intermediation Gnþrkal transitional, ry³eBl ~ transitional

period, viFankar ~ transitional measures,

esdækic© ~ transitional economy

GnþrFnaKar inter-bank, RbB½n§TUTat; ~ inter-bank settlement system Gnþrb,BaØtþi transitional provision (law)

Gnþrvis½y inter-sectoral

Gnþrskmµ interactive

Gnþray damage, ~ edaysarTwksmuRT damaged by seawater GnÞak;Cavdþ rW GnÞak;vilvg; ¬Gt;Rckecj¦ vicious cycle

GbNsBaØa deal

Gb;rMkMritbzm/ kar primary education

Gb;rMbec©keTs/ kar technical education

Gb;rMmUldæanry³eBl 9qñaM/ kar nine years basic education

Gb;rMsMrab;TaMgGs;Kña education for all

Gbhar n. ¬karcuHéfø¦ discount, GRta ~

discount rate, ~ eKal basic discount

GbharrUbiyaNtþi/ eFVI v. ¬lk;rUbiyaNtþi eGayFnaKar¦ discount a bill

Gbharit n. ¬R)ak;cuHéføeGay¦ discount

Gb,PaK ¬m> PaKtic¦ minority

Gb,brma/ éfø floor price

Gb,brmaPavUbnIykmµ minimisation

Gb,ha margin, mark-up, ~ dul gross

margin, ~ suT§ net margin

GRbtibtiþPaBBaNiC©kmµ commercial impracticability GRbsiT§PaB inefficiency

GBaNiC¢/ FnaKar non-commercial bank

GBÖnþrjaN intuition

GBüaRkwtniym neutralism

GBüaRkwtPavUbnIykmµ/ GBüaRkwtkmµ neutralisation (of a country) GP½yÉksiT§i immunity, ~ karTUt diplomatic immunity


214

GP½yÉksiT§irdæ sovereign immunity

GPi)alkic© governance, ~ mUldæan local governance GPirkS/ kar conservation, ~ FmµCati conservation of nature, ~ dI soil

conservation, GPirkS adj. conservative

GPirkSBUCRtI/ kEnøg fish sanctuary

GPivDÆn_/ kar development, CMnYy ~

development aid, KMerag ~ development

project, yuT§saRsþ ~ development strategies GPivDÆn_xusTMng/ kar mal-development

GmevC¢saRsþ paramedical, Gñk ~ paramedic GyutPaB ¬m> vismPaB¦ inequality GyutiþFm’ injustice

Gyükar ¬PaKIedImecaTkñúgerOgRBhµTNÐ¦ prosecution Gyükar/ GgÁkar Department of Public Prosecution

GrUbI intangible, RTBü ~ intangible assets

GrUbIykmµ/ eFVI v. abstract

GvDÆnPaB stagnation

Gvsankfa n. ¬PaKbBa©b;énr)aykarN_¦ conclusion

Gvsanb,BaØtþi final provision (law)

GviC¢man negative, GviC¢mankmµ negation

GevTyitPaB insensitivity

Gskmµ inactive

GsT§a ¬m> KMnitevocevr¦ bad faith

GsmtßPaB incapacity, incompetence

Gs;BIsþúk/ PaB stockout

Gs;esah‘uyeRcIn/ Edl onerous

GsaFPaB ¬m> minGacsgbMNul)an/ PaB¦ insolvency GsIlFm’ immoral

GhrN-nIhrN import-export

GehtuP½y panic, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial panic

Gakb,kiriya behaviour

GakrBiesselITMnijnigesvamYycMnYn ¬rI Gakr Biess¦ excise tax or excise duty

GakrelItMélbEnßm ¬Gtb¦ value added tax (VAT) or output tax

GaKar nigdICitGaKar ¬kmµsiT§ikrEtmYy¦ premises

Gag ¬TenøemKgÁ¦ basin (e.g. of Mekong River) GacKNna)an computable

GacqabeqH inflammable, TMnij ~ inflammable goods GacTTYlyk)an eligible

GacTsSn_Tay)an adj. predictable

GacbMEbk)an adj. divisible, sar\NTan ~ divisible letter of credit GacpÁt;pÁg;xøÜnÉgRKb;/ PaB self-sufficiency

GaCIB career


215

GaCIB trade, karcuHéføkñúg ~ ¬edayGñkRbkb rbrdUcKña¦ trade discount/terms, TIsMGag bBa¢ak;xag ~ trade reference

GaCIvkmµ business, ~ CalkçN³RKYsar family

business, ~ QrelIkic©snüa contractual business GaCIvkmµ exploitation, kareFVI ~ FnFan FmµCati exploitation of natural resources

GaCIvkmµ ¬yk¦ fµ quarrying

GaCIvkmµmandMeNIrkar going concern

GaCIvkr businessman/woman

GaCJakNþal referee

GaCJaFr authority, ~ svnkmµCati National Auditing Authority

GaCJanukarI ¬m> tMNagmankarGnuBaØat¦ authorised representative

GaCJab½NÑ n. licence, ~ sMrab;karrukrk ¬eRbg kat¼Er:>>>¦ prospecting licence, man ~ adj. licensed

GaCJayukal statute of limitation

GaCJasala n. bailiff

GaNtþi term, tenure

GaNtþiKahk assignee, proxy, attorney (person appointed to act for another) GaNtþiTayk assignor, principal (in power transfer) GaNtþiebIkR)ak; payment warrant

GaNtþiebIkR)ak;cMNay order for payment

(French: mandat de dépense) GaNab½k financial manager (French:

ordonnateur), ~ edImExS principal

ordonnateur, ~ epÞrsiT§i delegated ordonnateur GaNaBüa)al guardianship, GaCJaFr ~ supervisory authority

GaNaBüa)al ¬Parkic©¦ supervision,

GaCJaFr ~ supervisory authority, eRkam ~

hirBaØvtßú énRksYgesdækic©nighirBaØvtßú under the financial supervision of the Ministry of Economy and Finance

GaNaBüa)al ¬mnusS¦ guardian

GaNikCn expatriate (or expat)

GaTiPaB priority, man ~ elI have/take priority over GaTiPavUbnIykmµ prioritisation, eFVI ~ prioritise GanuPaB power, authority, effect, influence GanuPaBKtiyutiþ legal effect

GabNsBaØa ¬m> RBmeRBogxagCMnYj/ kar¦ deal Gab; ¬R)ak;¦ xVH v. short-change

GaBah_BiBah_/ sMbuRt marriage certificate

Gayu age, Rkum ~ age group

Gayukal ¬BIeBlekItdl;søab;¦ lifespan

Gayukal rW mYyGayukal lifetime

GayukaleRbIR)as; ¬énRTBüskmµ¦ useful life (accounting)


216

GayukalmFüm ¬Gayurs;enAmFüm¦ life expectancy

GareQI/ eragcRk saw mill

Gasnñ/ PaB emergency, lkçxNÐ ~ emergency condition Gas½ydæan/ manbBa¢ak; domiciled, rUbiyaNtþi~ domiciled bill of exchange Gas‘an/ tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrI ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) GasasUnü/ karcat;TukCa annulment

GaRs½yelI ¬RBwtþikarN_GVImYyEdlGacekIteLIg b¤minekIteLIg¦ contingent

Gahar food, meal Gahar/ TMnijminEmn non-food items

Gaharnigsñak;enAeday\tbg;éfø free board and lodging

Gahar ¬eqA¦ evcx©b;Rsab; convenience food Gaharin importer

GaharUbtßmÖ nutrition

GicSb:UNg;sIuEyl/ kMeNIn exponential growth GuinfWNit internet, salbMerI ~ internet-cafe

GIv:an; goods, item

GuIb:UEtk mortgage

GubTic/ ExSkab optical fiber cable

eGkUeTscrN_ eco-tourism

eGkULÚsuI ecology, tMbn; ~ ecological zone,

lMnwg ~ ecological equilibrium

eGLicRtUnik electronic

eGayx©I v. lend

eGayéfø/kar offer

eGayTeT/ Edl ¬\tKitéfø¦ complementary

eGaybg;Bn§ v. impose taxes

GMNrKuN thank, appreciation

GMNac power

GMNacTij buying/purchasing power,

~ énrUbiyvtßú purchasing power of the currency GMNacniym authoritarianism

GMNacnItibBaØtþi ¬sPa¦ legislative power

GMNacnItiRbtibtþi the executive (government) GMNacbBaØtþi ¬sßab½neRkABIsPa dUcCa RkumRbwkSaXMu>>>¦ legislative power

GMNacRbtibtþi executive power

GMeNay donation, gift

GMeNaypl favourable, lkçxNÐ ~ favourable conditions GMeNaypl/ min unfavourable, FatuGakas ~ unfavourable weather GMeNaypldl; favourable/conducive to

GMeNayhirBaØvtúß grant

GMBkERs paddy plots


217

GMBavnav/ kar appeal

GMeBI ¬l¥ rW GaRkk;¦ deed

GMeBIhigSa rW higSa violence

GMLúgeBl period

GaMgDIkaT½r indicator

GHGag/ kar assertion, claim

Gñkksag¼GñkkMNt; eKalneya)ay policymaker Gñkkan;kab; occupier

Gñkkan;kargar job holder

Gñkkan;mUlb,Tanb½Rt bearer

Gñkkan;hibR)ak; ¬R)ak;tictYc¦ petty-cash custodian

Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑ licensee

Gñkx©IR)ak;EdlKYreGayTukcitþ credit worthy borrower GñkKaMRT ¬nUvKMnit rW skmµPaB¦ proponent

GñkRKb;RKg manager, PaBCa ~ managership Gñkcat;karrg assistant manager

GñkcUlrYm participant

GñkcUlh‘un capital contributor

GñkcUlh‘unKµankMrit general partner

GñkcUlh‘unmankMrit limited partner (limited liability) Gñkc,ab; lawyer, solicitor

GñkCYl ¬BIeK¦ lessee, renter

GñkCYleGay lessor, person who rents out sth

GñkCMnYj businessman, trader

GñkCMrHbBa¢I liquidator

Gñkdak;RbkassareBIBn§min)anRKb;elIk stopfiler (tax)

Gñkdak;BaküsMu applicant, ~ ebIksar\NTan applicant for a letter of credit GñkdwkCBa¢Ún transporter

GñkdwknaM leader

Gñkzan³x<s; elite

GñkRtUv)ancat;taMgeGayRKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþi GñkkS½yFn assignee in bankruptcy

GñkRtUv)anFanar:ab;rg n. insured

GñkRtUv)anbg;R)ak;eGay payee

GñkRtYtBinitükarbiTRkumh‘un liquidator

GñkTTYl ¬lixit¦ addressee

GñkTTYlkarEtgtaMg nominee

GñkTTYlkarepÞrsiT§i proxy

GñkTTYlpl beneficiary

GñkTTYlsiT§iRbTan assignee

GñkTTYlsiT§ieRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ franchisee

GñkTTYlesaFnnivtþn_ pensioner

GñkTij purchaser, buyer, ~ kñúgkarrMBwg prospective buyer GñkFana surety, guarantor

GñkFanar:ab;rg insurer

GñkeFVIc,ab; legislator

Gñkbg;R)ak; ¬eGayeK¦ payer


218

GñkbegIát founder

Gñkbgðaj presenter

GñkbeBa©IcraRsþ demagogue

GñkbMerI servant

GñkRbKl;siT§i assignor

GñkepJI sender

Gñkpþl;siT§ieGayeRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ franchiser GñkepÞrTunBIpSarmYyeTApSarmYyedIm,Ieqøót

rkkMér arbitrageur

GñkBüa)aledayclna physical therapist

Gñkminsuxcitþ aggrieved person

Gñk lk;¼epÞrsiT§i eGayeK alienor

GñkrksuIcgkarR)ak; moneylender

GñkrksuIpøÚvePT sex worker

Gñkrukrk ¬Er:>>>¦ prospector

Gñklk; salesman

Gñklk;cl½t travelling salesman

Gñkl,IeQµaH n. celebrity

GñksegátkarN_ observer

Gñksñgmrtktammrtksasn_ legatee

GñkRsavRCav researcher, ~ rg associate

researcher, GñkRsavRCav ¬eBjsiT§i¦ fellow

researcher, ~ Can;x<s; senior researcher

Gñksøab; n. deceased

GñkGnuvtþ ¬RbcaM¦ practitioner

GñkeGayx©I lender, ~ CacugeRkay lender of last resort Gñk]btßmÖ sponsor, patron

GVIepSgeTotenAdEdl ceteris paribus (other things being equal) \NTan n. credit

\NTan/ kMrit credit line, credit limit, credit level \NTankMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ SAC (structural adjustment credit of the IMF)

\NTanKµankalkMNt; ¬RtUvsgvijenAeBl eKTar¦ call loan, call money

\NTanKµandak;vtßúFana open credit ( for good clients of the bank) \NTanCMnYj trade credit ( for enterprises which have trading relationship) \NTaneRtom stand-by credit

\NTanTUTat; payment credit

\NTanbUk credit plus (credit with financial and technical components) \NTanBn§ tax credit

\NTanBIFnaKar/ PaBGacTTYl)an eligibility for bank loans \NTanP¢ab;snüa ¬fvikardæ¦ committed credit (state budget) \NTanelIssmtulü ¬FnaKar¦ overdraft

(banking), GnuBaØat ~ to grant an overdraft \NTanvtßú credit in kind


219

\NTansac;R)ak; cash credit

\NTansMrab;TijTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer credit \NTanÉksar documentary credit

\NTayk n. creditor, credit provider

\NTayI adj. credit

\NeTyü claim, ~ elIrdæaPi)al claim on the government \NeTyüTarmin)an ¬xUc¦ bad debt

\NeTyüBi)akTar bad debt

\NeTyüsgS½y doubtful debt

\NRbtiTan ¬m> éf¶dl;kMNt;sgR)ak;¦ date of maturity, due date \NBn§ n. debit,kt;Rtaxag ~ v. debit,

kMNt;ehtu¼Rbkas ~ n. debit memo/ memorandum \Nvnþ debtor, borrower

\Nayik adj. debit, smtulü ~ debit balance

\tex©aH perfect, impeccable

\tcMNg/ CMnYy untied aid

\tQb;Qr/ Edl incessant

\tbg;éfø/ eday free of charge

\tbMNg unintentional, involuntary

\tpøas;bþÚr/ Edl adj. unaltered

\tRBagTuk ¬fvika¦ contingency

\T§iBlénbøg; design effect

\n§n³ fuel

\riyabf attitude

\riyabfesdækic© economic behaviour

\sSrCn dignitary

\sSrPaB dignity

]tþmRkumRbwkSaénGgÁecARkm Supreme Council of the Magistracy

]tþmKti ideal

]tþmRbeyaCn_ best interest

]tþmPaB advantage

]tþmPaBRbECg competitive advantage

]tþmPaBeRbobeFob comparative/relative advantage ]tþmPaBeRbobeFobBinitüeXIj revealed comparative advantage

]tþmsikSa tertiary education/higher education ]tþmanuPaB/ sMelg ¬e)aHeqñat¦ deciding vote, casting vote ]eTÞsnam/ lixit ¬GñktMNag¦ designation letter ]tþrRbeTs ¬RbeTsGñkman¦ north countries

]T§rN_ appeal

]Tüan park, ~ Cati national park

]bkrN_ instrument, ~ TUTat; negotiable

instrument, ~ minGacykeTATUTat;)an non-negotiable instrument ]bkrN_ tool


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]bkrN_sMrYlBiesssMrab;\n§n³ special oil facility ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ Structural Adjustment Facility (SAF) ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;Tb;snñiFi buffer stock facility (BSF) ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;b:Hb:UvxaghirBaØvtßú compensatory financing facility (CFF)

]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFimrtk trust fund facility (TFF) ]bkarI assistant

]bkarI ¬GñkTMnukbMrug/ Gñkp©úgepþIm¦ benefactor

]btßmÖ/ kar assistance

]btßmÖ/ R)ak; allowance, ~ RKYsar family allowance, alimony

]btßmÖTun/ kar capital assistance

]btßmÖFn subsidy, subvention

]btßmÖFn/ pþl; v. subsidise ]btßmÖBIfvikarrdæ national budget support (for provincial budget) ]bnaykrdæm®nþI deputy prime minister

]bnisS½y propensity

]bnisS½y vocation, man ~ kñúgkar>>> have a vocation for ]bePaK/ eRKOg tool, instrument, utensil,

~ nigeRKOgbriePaK basic necessities ]bsKÁ obstacle, barrier

]bsm<½n§/ fvika supplemental budget

(state)

]bharit/ eFVI brought in (assets as investment) ])aKmn_ ¬kar)anCakmµsiT§inUvvtßúrNb¦ accession

])aeTskmµ ¬m> CMnYs/ kardak;¦ subrogation

])aRs½y ¬siT§irbs;Gñkkan;rUbiyaNtþi kñúgkartamTarsMNgBIGñkeFVIbidæielx¦ recourse ]b,tþiehtu incident

]sSah_ rW ]sSah_Büayam industrious

]sShkmµkat;edr garment indutries

]sSahkmµ industry, ~ FunF¶n; heavy

industry, ~ FunRsal light industry,

~ vtßúFatuedIm primary industry, ~ Ekécñ secondary industry, ~ nisSarNkmµ rW ~ ykEr: extractive industry, ~ esva service industry

]sSahUbnIykmµ industrialisation, RbeTseFVI ~ fµI newly industrialised countries (NICs)

ÉkkmµsiT§i sole proprietorship

ÉkCn private, Rkumh‘un ~ private (or

privately owned) company, vinieyaKin ~ private investor ÉkCnPavUbnIykmµ rW ÉkCnnIykmµµ privatization Ékta unit, ~ viPaK unit of analysis, ~ Kit

unit of counting or unit of account, éfø


221

~ unit price/rate

ÉktadMNak;TIBIr second-stage unit (SSU)

ÉktatMbn;cugeRkay ultimate area unit (UAU) ÉktatMélénRkdasR)ak; denomination

Éktalk; ¬)an¦/ cMnYn sales volume

ÉktaykKMrUtagcugeRkay ultimate sampling unit (USU) ÉktaykKMrUtagdMbUg primary sampling unit (PSU) ÉketaPaKI unilateral

ÉktþCn individual

ÉkTKÁkmµ record, bMEbk ~ break the record

ÉkeTs speciality

ÉkeTsnIykmµ specialisation, ~ kargar job specialisation ÉkbuKÁl/ shRKas sole proprietorship

Ékb,harPaB ¬m> Kab;CYn/kar¦ coincidence ÉkPaK/ karcuHbBa¢I single entry bookeeping

ÉkPaB/ kar agreement, concurrence

ÉkPaB/ min v. disagree

ÉkPaB/ lkçN³ uniformity

ÉkPavUbnIykmµ unification

Ékvb,kmµ monoculture

Éksar document, documentation, pþl; ~

RbKl;TMnijeBlbBa¢ak;TTYlRBmCMBak; documents against acceptance (D/A)

Éksartamc,ab; legal document

ÉksarbegáIt ¬Rkumh‘un¦ founding instrument ÉksarBiPakSa ¬r)aykarN_sikSaBIerOgGVImYy¦ working paper ÉksarykTUTat;)an negotiable documents Éksar lHbg;siT§i¼elIkElg waiver n.

ÉksarsMrab;kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij cargo document ÉksarGm supporting document (administration)

ÉksiT§i privilege (special benefit)

»kas opportunity, tMél ~ RtUv)at;bg; opportunity cost »nPaB deficit, ~ fvika budget deficit, ~

CBa¢IgTUTat; deficit of the balance of

payments, bMeBj ~ v. meet a deficit

»vaT/ karsþab; obedience

»vaT/ enAeRkam under the auspices (institution)

»sanvaT n. ultimatum

b£sKl; origin