27-10-2009 02:27 PM

.. . . . . . . . Widening Superelevation . 1 . .... ) ) . . ) ) 04 . .) ) 61 52 . ) ) . ) )21 61 Design Classes 1 1 .

. )1(

-2 Design Speed 1 2 . . Running Speed 2 2 . ) ) . Average Spot Speed 3 2 . ) 2( ) / ( Design Speed ) / ( Average Running Speed 54 05 35 06 16 07 86 08 57 09 18 001 88 011 49 021 001 031 601 041 Design Speed Standards 4 2 . )3( / ( ( ) / ( 05 03 ) ( LOCAL 06 05 ) ( COLLECTOR 08 001 - 07 09 - 05 06 -

021 09 ) ( Expressway 3 Highway Capacity & Level of Service 1 3 . 2 3 . )4( ) 4( Two Lanes - 39/ - 024/ . 09 - . 88 / . 72.0 . 057 / . 07 01.0 . 08.0 48 / 34 . 0021 / 05 . . . 08/ . 46 0081 / . 04 . 27/ 0082 / )( )( )( . 33 . . )07.0-00.1( 59.0 27 / 0002 . 52 33 . : . . . . . . )5( ) ( C ) ( C ) ( D 4 ) (Sight Distance 1 4 .

) (Stopping Sight Distance 1 1 4 )6( . ) ) 2 ) (Passing Sight Distance 1 2 4 . )2( . )6( )7( ) / ) 963 6 4 2 04 01 6 3 05 81 01 5 06 62 51 7 07 * 12 9 08 * 92 21 09 * 83 61 001 * : 05 / 3 ( : )6( 56 ( . )7( = 56 + 3 = 86 . : 06 / ( : )3( ( . 024 . ) 6 ( 024 1 2 4 )4-1( . )4-2( . . 1 4 4 . 70.1 51 03.1 . ) (Crest Curve 1 4 1 4 ) )1 1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... L = Kc X A = L ) =Kc )8 =A

K c )8( ) ( Kc/ ( ( 09 5 04 031 51 05 081 81 06 052 13 07 013 94 08 093 17 09 084 501 001 075 151 011 076 202 021 ( : 04 / + 3 - 4 ( . 04 / 5 Kc )8( 7 = |)4 -( - )3( | = A L = 5 x 7 = 35 m . 01 04 ) ( Sag Curve 1 4 2 4 ) )2 2.. L = Ks x A = L ) = Ks )9 = A ) (Ks 8 04 21 05 81 06 52 07 23 08 04 09 15 001 26 011 37 021 ( : 04/ - 3 + 3 ( . 04 / 8 K s )9( 6 = | ) 3( - )3-( | = A 84 = 8 m L = 6 x . 05 5 Horizontal Alignment Superelevation 1 5 Superelevation . ) )3

: = R = V / = f = e / ( 001 / 4 ( )11( 21.0 ) )3 . 294 01 005 )01( ) )/ ( )/ 80.0 01.0 80.0 01.0 80.0 21.0 01.0 21.0 )11( / 21.0 01.0 80.0 60.0 54 54 05 55 71.0 04 07 57 58 09 61.0 05 501 511 521 531 51.0 06 051 061 571 591 41.0 07 591 012 032 052 41.0 08 552 572 503 533 31.0 09 033 063 593 044 21.0 001 514 554 005 065 11.0 011 045 595 556 557 90.0 021 536 007 587 588 90.0 031 077 068 569 0011 80.0 041 1 1 5 . )) ) )6 ) ) )7( )8 ( =A =B , =C =D Superelevation Development 1 2 5 . . Transition Curve .) )21 1 3 5

) ( . . . )21( ) ( / ( ( 47.0 04 66.0 05 95.0 06 45.0 07 05.0 08 74.0 09 44.0 001 14.0 011 83.0 021 63.0 031 43.0 041 ) )4 = L ) =e ) / = w ) = r ) 21 ( 08 / 03.7 ( 01.0 / . )4( 37 ( 05 ( . 03 Transition Curves 2 5 ) ( . . . : ) L = 0.0702 V3 / ( RXC = L ) ) / = V ) ) = R ) )/ 3 ()1-3 = C 3 5 ) 9 01 ( .) ( radians

Curve Widening 4 5 . )41( . . ) )11

7 5 . . : .1 . . . .2 . . . .3 . . .4 051 5 . 03 . .5 . .6 .5.1 .7 . 06 ) ( .8 005 . . 052 .

. .9 . .01 . 005 0001 6 . . . ) ( . 1 6 5.0 . 3.0 . . )51( . ) )61 2 6 . . . . 7 Vertical Curves . . . Heavy Grades 1 7 ) ( Profile ) . ( (( passenger car . 2 7 ) ( Profile 01 . 3 7 5.5 . 01 4 7

5 7 . . )51( 6 7 : .1 . .2 . . . . ) ( .3 . .4 . .5 . . . .6 . 8 . . . . . 1 8 . . : .

. : .1 . .2 . . .3 . .4 . . . . .5 . .6 . 2 8 . 1:0001 1 :0002 1: 0052 . . . . .

. . . . 9 1 9 . . . 56.3 53.3 . 2 9 . . .. 5.1 . 3 9 . . ) ( Shoulder . 05.2 . 05.6 00.3 . Frontage Roads 4 9 . Location Of Frontage Road 4 1 9 . . Outer Separation 4 2 9 . . Terminals 4 3 9 . 5 9

)71(. )81( . )71( 2 3 05.2 2 3 52.1 00.2 .. )81( ) )( ) 05.2 52.3 05.2 56.3 00.2 56.3 )81 22 (

Side Slope 6 9 . )91( . )2: 1( ) ( )( 1 0 6:1 4:1 6:1 6:1 1: 6 3:1 1: 4 6:1 1: 4 3:1 1: 4 1: 4 3-1 4:1 3:1 1: 4 3:1 1: 4 2:1 1: 4 3:1 1: 4 2:1 1: 3 1: 3 5 3 3:1

2:1 1: 4 3:1 1: 3 2:1 1: 4 3:1 1: 3 2:1 1: 3 1 : 5.1 5 2:1 2:1 1: 3 2:1 2:1 2:1 3:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 1 : 5.1 01 . . . . . . . : 1 01 51 5.22 1 3 2 8 . 05 06 . . 2 01 01 51 1:1 2:1 . . )32( . 11 . 5.1 . . . . 21 .

. . . . . . . . . . . 05 . . . . . . 31 . . . 1 31 3 21 ) (Through Traffic 21 . . . . 3

2 31 7 4 . 7 4 8 . ) ( 3 1 3 1 2 . 3 31 . . 4 31 . . ) ( . . . 5 . . ) ( 05.0 06.0 . 41 GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF ROUNDABOUT . ) 06 04 06 .) FLARE DESIGN AT ENTRY 1 41 ) ( Approach Lanes 03 59 . ) . )42 ENTRY WIDTH 2 41 56.3 06.4 .

. .) . )52 CIRCULATING WIDTH 3 41 . ) )62(( . ) ( ROUNDABOUT . 51 82 . INSCRIBED CIRCLE DIAMETER 4 41 WB . 5.03 05 - ) )72( ( . EXITS 5 41 . . SPLITTER ISLANDS 6 41 . . ) . )82 DEFLECTION 7 41 . 54 / . : . . ) . )92 . ) 51.2 ( 131 . ) 84 / . )03 . ) ( . ) . )13 : 8 41 04 84 / . )02( . ) 02 ( /( ( ) ( 05.81 00.02 05.03 00.42 00.55 00.23

05.88 00.04 00.131 00.84 SIGHT DISTANCE 9 41 . . ) )23 )1( : . ) ( YIELD )2( : . )3( : . YIELD INSCRIBED CIRCLE DIAMETER 01 41 92 4.19 . 92 ) ( BUS 04 05 ) ... ( . )33( . : . . . ) 1 2 ( . . 1 . . ) 12 ( )( ( ( ) ) ( ) 06.6 02.5 4.19 06.6 02.5 3.58 09.6 02.5 2.97 00.7 03.5 2.37 03.7 03.5 1.76 06.7 05.5 0.16 08.7 05.5 9.75 01.8 06.5 9.45 04.8 08.5 8.15 07.8 09.5 8.84 01.9 01.6 7.54 06.9 02.6 7.24 02.01 4.6 6.93 1.11 07.6 6.63 3.21 00.7 5.33 * 00.7 5.03

* 02.7 0.92 ) ( * 51 . . Flexible Pavement 1 51 : 1 1 51 . : 1 1 1 51 . : 1 1 2 51 . . PT SN . ) ( = 5.2 ) ( =00.2 00081 )00008 ( )22( . : x (LF x A ) x T x GF x ADT = 563 : . = ADT . ) ) = A . = GF . = T ) ) = LF . ) )22 C B R 1 1 3 51 ) (CBR 3 01.0 ) . ) (CBR ) 001 =CBR . 1 1 4 51 ) ( . )32( ( (

) ( 05 2 54 4 04 6 . 1 1 5 51 01 03 51 . . 1 1 6 51 2 4 . ) . )42 1 1 7 51 . . : 2 51 . ) (AASHTO ) (Mr 2 1 51 . ) (CBR : ) (CBR ) (Mr Mr = 1500 x CBR PSI 01 01 CBR . ) )72 ) (Hveem ) (Marshall . ) )52 : 2 2 51 . 5.2 0.2 . . 2.4 5.4 )1 (a )52( : 02 / 2 ( ( ( (

Hveem 08 22.0 005 000.521 59 52.0 057 000051 021 03.0 579 000002 031 33.0 0021 000052 551 63.0 0041 000003 571 93.0 0061 000053 091 24.0 0091 000004 . 2 m3 , m )62 ( 51.1 52.1 0.1 08.0 50.1 06.0 ) 2 ( a )3 (a )72( ) (Mr ) (CBR (a3) Mr (a2) Mr / 2 / 2 - 00031 590.0 02 - 00531 001.0 52 - 00541 11.0 0300012 501.0 00061 021.0 04 00052 021.0 00571 521.0 55 00072 031.0 - - 07 00003 041.0 - - 001 .) (SN 2 3 51 1 a3 , a2 , a : ) (SN 3SN = a1 t1 + a2 m2 t2 + a3 m3 t 2 m3 , m 1 t3 , t2 ,t )3 (a )2 (a ) (CBR )72( 02 . 2 m3 , m )52( 42 2 m3 , m ) )62 . 3 51 ) (SN )43( 59 AASHTO : 54.0

.) )( )1 .1 )( ) 2( )2( ) (Mr .2 .) )1( )( )3 ) (PSI .3 . ) ) ) ( PSI )3( .4 . ) )4 )( )5( .5 . )3 (SN ) 1 5 ( .6 . )2 (SN ) 1 5( .7 . )1 (SN . .8 1SN 1 =t ) ( = 1a 1SN2 a1 t =t ) ( = 2 2a 2 m 2SN3 a1 t1 a2 t2 m 3 = t ) ( = 3a3 m ) : 1 ( . 3 1 51 )82( . )82 ( < 9 ( 5 ( 5 51 5 5 02 5 52 5-9( 5 ( 5 51