הקצאת משאבים ממשלתית לחינוך - לפי אזורי עדיפות לאומיים...

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הקצאת משאבים ממשל תית לחינוך לפי אזורי עדיפות לאומיים ו בגדה המערבית בעריכת ד"ר רובי נתנזון ואיתמר גזלה תל אביב20 ביולי2015

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במחקר הנוכחי ננסה לאמוד במדויק את הקצאת המשאבים לחינוך בהתנחלויות ביהודה ושומרון, בהשוואה להשקעה בשאר המדינה, ובפרט בהשוואה לאזורי העדיפות הלאומית, שהוגדרו כך בשל הצרכים הכלכליים המוגברים בהם. רוב העלויות שננתח הן עלויות ישירות במסגרת הוצאות תקציביות של הרשויות המקומיות. עלויות ישירות אלה מקורן הן מהעברות ייעודיות ממשרד החינוך לרשויות והן עלויות אותן בוחרת כל רשות מקומית להשקיע מתוך המשאבים שברשותה. כמו כן, ננסה לאמוד את ביצועי מערכת החינוך ביהודה ושומרון, לעומת שאר המדינה ונבחן האם השקעות אלה נושאות פרי. בנוסף, נבחן שני מרכיבים מרכזיים בחינוך הבלתי פורמלי: הראשון, מסגרות החינוך המיועדות לגילאי 3-9 בשעות אחר הצהריים – הצהרונים. השני, מסגרות חינוך לגיל הרך – מעונות היום והמשפחתונים.

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" 20 2015 2 1 . ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 42 . ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 73 . ................................ ................................ ..... 83.1 ................................ ............... 83.2 ................................ ................................ ....................... 123.2.1 ................................ ................................ ....... 123.2.2 ................................ ................................ ...... 133.3 ................................ ................................ .......................... 153.3.1 ................................ ............................... 153.3.2 ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 153.4 ................................ ................................ ..... 163.4.1 ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 163.4.2 ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 173.4.3 ................................ ................................ .................... 184 . ................................ ................................ .................. 194.1 ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 194.1.1 ................................ ................................ .................. 194.1.2 ................................ ................................ ...... 214.2 ................................ ................................ .............. 225 . ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 265.1 ................................ ................................ ........................ 265.2 ................................ ................................ .............................. 27 ................................ ................................ .................... 28 3 1 - - , , " ( 2014 ) . 10 2 - , , " ( 2014 ) ............................ 10 3 - - , , " ( 2014 ) .................... 11 4 - , 2010-2013 ................................ ...... 12 5 - , 2012 ................................ ................................ ...... 22 6 - 3 ' 3.5 , , 2011 ........ 25 7 - , , 2013 ......................... 26 1 - ................................ .............. 9 2 - ................................ ......... 9 3 - , 2010-2013 ................................ ......... 13 4 - , 2010-2013 ................................ .......... 14 5 - , 2010-2013 ................................ ................................ .... 14 6 - , 2004-2013 ................................ ................. 15 7 - , 2004-2013 ................................ ................................ ............ 16 8 - , 2004-2013 ................................ ................................ ...................... 17 9 - , 2004-2013 ................................ ................................ ....... 17 10 - , 2004-2013 ................................ ................................ .... 18 11 - ( , 3-9 ,) 2012 ................... 20 12 - , 2012 .................. 20 13 ( 3-9 ) , , 2012 ................................ ............. 21 14 - ( 3-9 ,) - , 2012 ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 21 15 - , 2011 - 2014 ................................ ....... 23 16 - 3 ' 3.5 , 2011 - 2014 ................ 24 17 - 3 ' 3.5 , 2011 - 2014 ......... 24 4 1 . 0%5%10%15%20%25% " " " " 15.8% 18.0% 19.4% 19.8% 20.1% 24.8% 0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35% " " " " 24.3% 26.3%26.5% 28.3% 30.2% 34.7% 05,00010,00015,00020,000 " " " " 5,725 6,761 6,540 7,788 7,253 12,899 9,312 9,337 10,325 10,934 11,329 18,782 ( ) " 5 22% 25% " , - 20% . , 14-15% , 17-19% - 20% . " , 62.2% 60.8% ." 12,899 . 6,540 7,788 - 6,761 , .20212223242526 " " " " 21.7 23.4 23.9 24.5 24.7 25.1 050100150200250300 " " " " 152.5 176.7 198.7 257.1 262.6 273.4 ( )" ? "6 . , 30.2% ( 34.7% - 28.3% ,) )" ( 24.3% , 26.3% - 26.5% ., - 1,004 " 11,329 . 18,872 , 10,934 - 9,337 ,. " " -81.2 - 1.3 . - 7% " 23.4 , 24.5 - 24.7 ., 21.7 . , - ", - 37% " - 10.7% .", , ( ,.) 68.7% ", - 11.1 . 55.0% - 61.2% " " . , . . ) ( " - 46%( 52% - 43% ,) - 10% - 16%. , ( ) 301.2 3-9 , - 32.9% , ." 425.4 593.5 ,. ( 91.1% ) 3-9( 7.9% . ) , () ( ) 220.5 - 89.5 3 ' 3.5 , - 39.9% - 46.3% , " ,. 216.7 - 100.8 254.3 - 160.4 ,., " 3 ' 3.5 ( 30.7% ) ( 8.6% ) , . 7 2 . , ., ,. .,,, , , " . , . ,, , , , . . . , , ,. ,: 3-9 ,. . 8 3 . , , - . . ( ,) . ( , . ) ,, . ,, . , . . , , ,. - . . , . , . 3.1 2014 ", - 120,833 , - 5.8% . - 51.3% , - 38.8% , - 9.9% " . ,:, - ,,.)( - 44.5% ", - 39.3% - - 16.2%. - 29.6% , - 57.4% " )"( , - 13.0% "( ) . )"(,, - , " )( , " .9 ,, . , ,. ," ( " , 44.5% .) 1 - 1 2 - 2

1" " , : , ( 1-2 1-3 . .)2."" 10 1 " - 37% " - 10.7% .", , " - 2.9% , 32.2% - 28.1% , ,." " - 9.3% , 18.9% - 18.6% ." , 1 - - ( " , , 2014 )"/ / " 15.1 26.3 1,204 690 18,143 16.6 27.1 20,186 12,380 335,359 " 6.8 224.8 3,792 114 25,627 8.3 331.8 119,089 2,993 992,970 " )(4.4 204.8 2,205 47 9,626 5.4 284.9 58,411 1,100 313,409 " 7.4 62.7 7,201 851 53,396 8.3 99.7 197,686 16,473 1,641,738 " , "." . , 2 " - 28% " - 9.8% , ." " - 11.2% - 24% , " , )( " - 20.6% . , " - 30.3% , 12.0% - 22.1% , , ." 2 - ( " , , 2014 )"/ / " 11.9 24 429 212 5,085 17 27 16,251 10,233 276,293 " 7.6 266.3 1,639 47 12,515 8.7 350.5 96,486 2,390 837,620 " )(4.5 384 427 5 1,920 5.8 318.5 46,761 848 270,054 " 7.8 73.9 2,495 264 19,520 8.7 102.7 159,498 13,471 1,383,967 " 11 - ,,"" . 3 - " - 32.8% " - 6.6% , ." " - 0.7% - 24% ," , ) ( " -6.6% . " - 12.2% - 16.5% , " , ( ) " - 11.4% . 3 - - ( " , , 2014 )"/ / " 16.8 27.3 775 478 13,058 15 27.5 3,935 2,147 59,066 " 6.1 195.7 2,153 67 13,112 6.9 257.6 22,603 603 155,350 " )(4.3 183.5 1,778 42 7,706 3.7 172 11,650 252 43,355 " 7.2 57.7 4,706 587 33,876 6.8 85.9 38,188 3,002 257,771 " 12 3.2 3.2.1 4 - , 2013 - 20103 2010 2011 2012 2013 % , 18.9% 18.7% 18.2% 20.1% " 24.9% 24.2% 22.6% 24.8% " 16.4% 16.3% 16.1% 18.0% " 13.8% 14.0% 14.9% 15.8% 17.4% 17.7% 16.9% 19.4% 19.1% 19.7% 20.2% 19.8% % , 60.3% 62.6% 61.7% 64.0% " 66.5% 68.8% 66.9% 68.7% " 56.9% 59.1% 58.7% 61.5%" 59.1% 59.5% 61.3% 63.3% 67.9% 67.8% 66.7% 71.2% 73.5% 73.3% 73.5% 72.4% ,( 2014 ) 6,275 6,415 6,469 7,253 " 11,430 12,015 12,036 12,899 " 4,853 4,910 4,987 5,725" 5,276 5,402 5,873 6,540 6,556 6,500 6,138 7,788 5,816 5,886 6,486 6,761 4 " , . 22% 25% , " - 20% , . 14-15% , 17-19% - 20% ,. , - 2010 2012 - 2013 .

3, : 2004-2013 ( 3-10 . .)13 3 - , 2013 - 2010 3.2.2 4 2010 - 2013 . , . , , . ,, , 66.5% - 68.8% . , -73% , 68.4% . , - 60% ., . " , " 62.2% 60.8% " . 14 4 - , 2013 - 2010 5 - , 2013 - 2010 5 . . 11,430 -2010 - 12,899 - 2013 . 5,276 -6,540 5,816 -7,788 . . 15 3.3 3.3.1 6 , ,., , , . 10 ., , . 6 - , 2013 - 2004 3.3.2 15,728 - 18,805 . - 9,000 , 7,700 . , . 16 7 - , 2013 - 2004 3.4 . . 3.4.1 8 . . 26.2 24 . 22.9 2004 - 21.7 - 2013 ., , 27.3 2004-2006 . 2009 ,. 17 8 - , 2013 - 2004 3.4.2 9 - , 2013 - 2004 . ,.18 58.9% - 2004 -69.1% 2012 " . 5 - 13 , . - 52% - 2004 - 58% 2013 .3.4.3 10 "" . . . ., ., . . 319.5 237.2 , , 130.5 - 164 . 10 - , 2013 - 2004 19 4 ., : 1 . 2 . .4.1 , . " , , , - . , . , , . , ,", . , 2005 ( 3689 ) , (, " ) ,. . , ," , , ., . "( )" 2011 " " , , " . 250-400 500 . . , . - 36 . 4.1.1 20124 , 938 75.8% ( 711 ) . 3-9 381,432 2.4% ( 9,281 ) . 473 . 78.9% ( 373 .) 3-9 280,741 3.1% ( 8,559 ) .

4 : - ( 2014 " " ) ( 11-12 5 ) ,. 20 402 . 85.82% ( 345.) 3-9 160,981 4.34% ( 6,992 ) . 345 . 82.32% ( 284 .) 3-9 146,765 2.89% ( 4,247 ) . 225 . 91.11% ( 205 .) 3-9 67,770 7.90% ( 5,357 ) . 11 - ( , 9 - 3 ) , 2012 12 - , 2012 16.9% (15.5%) 19.8% (27.1%) 39.3% (36.8%) 14.5% (14.1%) 9.4% (6.5%) " " 91.1% 85.8% 82.3% 78.9% 75.8% 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100% " " 21 13 ( 9 - 3 ) , , 2012 13 . )( 301.2 3-9 , - 32.9% " .4.1.2 14 - ( 9 - 3 ) , - , 2012 14 3-9 . 3.6-5.5 ., , - , 1-3 ( ) 301.2 400.5 406.6 425.4 449.0 593.5 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 " " " 7.9% 4.3% 3.0% 2.9% 2.4% 10.0% 8.3% 4.3% 1.4% 7.4% 0%2%4%6%8%10%12% " " " 1-322 . , 1.7-8.6 . 5 , 812 938 . 723 950 225 . 5 - , 2012 )( )( 345 701 1000 473 713 *2190 225 723 950 402 745 1000 " 938 812 1100 * 7 - 1,375 .4.2 , 3 . ( ) , .., ( ) . - 3 . :, , . 7:00-16:00 . . , .., . "( )" . ; - 7 3 ; ; ; .23 15 - , 1 201 - 20145 2011 , 494 - 802 , 31.9% - 25.0% , . 3 3.5 188,675 ( 37.4% .) 492 - 1,033 , 31.8% - 32.3%, . 3 3.5 130,779 ( 25.9% .) 122 - 531 , 7.9% - 16.6% , . 3 3.5 79,419 ( 15.7% .)

5, : " " " ( 16-17 6 .). , 7.9% 24.1% 7.7% 20.2% 11.7% 18.1% 10.3% 20118.0% 23.6% 7.4% 20.6% 12.2% 16.3% 11.8% 201416.6% 25.0% 7.3% 16.3% 8.7% 13.9% 12.2% 201118.0% 24.9% 7.3% 16.2% 7.7% 12.9% 13.0% 201424 280 - 444 , 18.1% - 13.9% , . 3 3.5 71,195 ( 14.1% ) . 159 - 392 , 10.3% - 12.2% , . 3 3.5 35,065 ( 6.9% ) . 16 - 3 ' 3.5 , 1 201 - 2014 17 - 3 ' 3.5 , 1 201 - 2014 16-17 . 2011 )(, () 220.5 - 89.5 3 '3.5 , - 39.9% - 46.3% " .197.5 210.1 270.4 328.6346.8 358.9 409.1 615.8 0100200300400500600700 " 2011 201482.4 91.7 126.6 153.5 157.0 190.9 211.1 253.4 050100150200250300 " 2011 201425 6 - 3 ' 3.5 , , 2011 3 ' 3.5 - " 10.4% 15.7% 13.2% 16.6% 16.6% 16.0% 22.1% 22.1% 7.5% 9.9% 16.4% 22.4% 21.9% 23.4% 18.0% 13.2% 15.8% 13.9% 21.9% 13.9% 16.1% 14.1% 23.5% 19.0% 11.7% 6.9% 30.7% 8.6%" 100.0% 100.0% 19.1% )" ( 17.4% )" ( 6 3 3.5 - 7% , - 12% , . ( 11.6 " ) ( 8.8 " .)26 5 .5.1 7 , , )"( . 7 - , , 2013 " "" " 19.8% 19.4% 24.8% 18.0% 20.1% 15.8% 72.4% 71.2% 68.7% 61.5% 64.0% 63.3% 26.5% 26.3% 34.7% 28.3% 30.2% 24.3% 24.7 24.5 21.7 23.9 23.4 25.1 61.2% 55.0% 68.7% 36.2% 43.1% 58.4% 152.5 198.7 273.4 257.1 262.6 176.7 ( , 2014 )6,761 7,788 12,899 5,725 7,253 6,540 ( , 2014 )9,337 10,934 18,872 9,312 11,329 10,325 ( , 2014 ) , "". , " " 2013 - 81.186 . 80,863 1,004 2,440 ( 4.43 .) 8,547 . ,, - 1,013 )" ( . " " - 1.303 ., ,: ,. ) ( . 27 5.2 , )( , , " . , " " " )( - .6 - ( , , ) / .) ( , ,, . , " ( 5.3 ) ( 4.6 ) ( 3.8 ) .

6 . - . , , : 2014 ; - . , . 2013 ; .)( ' , . 2014 ) ( ; . , 2001-2009 : , . 2010 .28 ,."" . ,,,,,. , 2004-2013 , 2013 .. . ,, . , , . ,.. : ,: "( " " " ,)" ( 2013-2014 "( ,) " " " " " " " ,)". - , , . ,( 2010 ; - , 2013 ; , 2014 ,; , 2010 )7.

7 6 .29 , 2014 " " - , . . , .)" ( " . . - 2,500 - 250 () 10 . - 220 , - 100 - 120 , . .)( 60 , 6 10 , 2010 . . , ,, , , - . , ,, , , . , , 2011 , 2014 2007-2011 . 30 . . 6 : . . . " . . " .) ( . " . . ,)( - - . . - ,)(. .