ပါဠိ အဘိဓမၼာ ပိဋက သမိုင္း (ကထိက...

ygVd tbd"r®myd#u ordkif; - 1 -

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þ yd#uESpfrl½Sd usrf;*eft& vGefpGmjcm;em;aeMuonf/xdkYaMumifY Ak'bmom *dkPf;trsm;wdkYonfvnf; þ ]tbd"r®mtbd"r®mtbd"r®mtbd"r®mtbd"r®myd#uyd#uyd#uyd#uyd#u}udk vGefpGmta&;ygaom pmaywpf&yftjzpf a½SUwef;wif



avYvmavY½SdMuonf/ csD;yifY ajymqdkavY½SdMuonf/xdkYaMumifY Ak'bmom*dkPf;uGJwdkY\ ]tbd"r®myd#u} rlESpf

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tbd"r®myd#u(ygVd)

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1/ "r®o*FPDusrf;?2/ 0db*Fusrf;?3/ "mwkuxmusrf;?4/ yk*¾vynwådusrf;?5/ ,ruusrf;?6/ uxm0w¬Kusrf; ESifY7/ y|meusrf;?[lí usrf;aygif;ckepfusrf; yg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;ayonf/



1/ "r®o*FPDusrf;1/ "r®o*FPDusrf;1/ "r®o*FPDusrf;1/ "r®o*FPDusrf;1/ "r®o*FPDusrf;

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(1)]pdwåKyÜg'u@}ü ]ukov"r®m}-tp½Sdaom ]ukovwdurmwdum}t& ]pdwf-apwoduf}wnf;[laomtrsdK;tpm;?obm0vu©Pm ponfwdkYudk tus,f½Sif;jy\/

(2)]½lyu@}ürl ]tAsmuw"r®}jzpfukefaom ½kyfw&m;wdkYobm0udk qef;ppfjyonf/

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jzpfaom ]t|uxmu@}onf t½Sifom&dykwå&mrax&f\ a[Mum;csufjzpfonf[lí tqdkjyKxm;onf/

]"r®o*FPDusrf;}\ rlv&nf½G,fcsufonf y&rw¬"r®wdkYudktao;pdwf cGJjcm;jy&efjzpfonf/ odkYaomf pdwfobm0? apwodufobm0-ponfwdkYtm;wduft& cGJjcm;jy&mürl okH;oyfykHpepfonfpdwåaA'oabmw&m;xuf udk,fusifYtbd"r®m ESpf&yfwdkYonfvnf;'óeduaA'ESifY udk;uG,frIwdkYuJYodkY cGJcGgí r&aumif;aomynm&yfrsm; jzpfMuonf/ xdkYaMumifY þusrf;\ udk,fusifY tbd"r®mqefaom okH;oyfykHpepfonf obm0usonf-[k qdk&ayrnf/

2/2/2/2/2/ 0db*Fusrf;0db*Fusrf;0db*Fusrf;0db*Fusrf;0db*Fusrf;tbd"r®yd#u\ 'kwd,ajrmufusrf;jzpfí "r®wdk Y\

oabmt"dyÜg,fudk cGJjcrf;jyxm;aomaMumifY ]0db*F}[k trnf&onf/

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0db*Fusrf;\ ]cE¨tzGifY? tm,wetzGifY? "mwktzGifY}okH;u@wdkYudk ]yk*¾vynwådusrf;}ESifY ],ruusrf;}wdkYü4if;? ]y#dorÇd'gusrf;}ü4if;? ]0dok'dr*fusrf;(Ak'aCmorax&f)}ü4if; yg0ifrSD;,lxm;aMumif; awGU½Sd&ao;\/

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3/3/3/3/3/ "mwkuxmusrf;"mwkuxmusrf;"mwkuxmusrf;"mwkuxmusrf;"mwkuxmusrf;

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odkYaomf pifppfaqG;aEG;xm;aom taMumif;t&mwdkYüum; "mwkrsm;omru cE¨m? tm,wepaom usef-tbd"r®½kyftpkrsm; yg0ifaeMuonf/ Ak'tbd"r®mü y&rw¬rnfukefaomcE¨mig;yg;? tm,we wpfq,fYESpfyg;? "mwfwpfq,fY½Spfyg;?opömav;yg;? £ajE´ESpfq,fYESpfyg; ponfwdkYudk u@wpfq,fYav;ck cGJjcm;vsuf?]o*F[-to*F[}enf;av;yg;wdkYjzifY ]wl-rwl}?],SOf-r,SOf}ponfjzifY tus,fw0ifY EIdif;,SOfjyxm;onf/]"r®tpk}wdkYudk ]cEm?tm,we?"mwf} okH;pkwdkYü wpfenf;enf;jzifYoGwfoGif; ½Sif;vif;jyxm;onf/

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4/4/4/4/4/ yk*¾vynwådusrf;yk*¾vynwådusrf;yk*¾vynwådusrf;yk*¾vynwådusrf;yk*¾vynwådusrf;

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pifppftm;jzifY yk*¾dKvf(yk*¾v)[laom tokH;tEIef;rSm Ak'¨



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tcef;(10)tcef;(10)tcef;(10)tcef;(10)tcef;(10)ed*kH;ed*kH;ed*kH;ed*kH;ed*kH;

txufwGifazmfjycJYaom taMumif;t&mtoD;oD;wdkYonf ouúwtbd"r®ESifY ygVdtbd"r®(tbd"r®yd#u) ESpfqlwdkY\tESpfom&ESifYywfoufí4if;? ed'gef;ESifYywfoufí4if;? ordkif;aMumif;ESifYywfoufí4if; awGU½SdrSwfom;&orQaom pmay taxmuftxm;wdkYudk A[kokwtvdkYiSm wifjyjcif;jzpfygonf/

tbd"r®yd#uonf Ak'¨0persm; jzpfMuyg\avm¿tbd"r®yd#uonf Ak'¨0persm; jzpfMuyg\avm¿tbd"r®yd#uonf Ak'¨0persm; jzpfMuyg\avm¿tbd"r®yd#uonf Ak'¨0persm; jzpfMuyg\avm¿tbd"r®yd#uonf Ak'¨0persm; jzpfMuyg\avm¿tbd "r®yd#uonf oH*g,emokH;wef wifcJY&mü yg0ifMuygtbd "r®yd#uonf oH*g,emokH;wef wifcJY&mü yg0ifMuygtbd "r®yd#uonf oH*g,emokH;wef wifcJY&mü yg0ifMuygtbd "r®yd#uonf oH*g,emokH;wef wifcJY&mü yg0ifMuygtbd "r®yd#uonf oH*g,emokH;wef wifcJY&mü yg0ifMuyg\avm¿\avm¿\avm¿\avm¿\avm¿[lonfhar;cGef;rsm;ESifYywfoufívnf; oufqdkif&mpmay trSwftom;wdkYudk wifjycJYNyD; jzpfygonf/

pifppftm;jzifY ygVdtbd"r®yd#uESifY ywfoufí? ax&0g'*dkPf;twGif;üyif oHo,rIrsm; twefapmaomumvupíay:aygufcJYzl;NyD; jzpfonf/ Ak'¨aCmorax&f\acwfwGifyiftvm;wljyóemrsm; ay:aygufaeMuNyD;jzpfonfrSm t|omvdeDed'gef;ü xif½Sm;aeygonf/

pmwrf;wGif ,if;jyóemESifYywfoufaom]ygVd ouúwAk'¨pmay rSwfwrf;}wdkYudk EIdif;,SOfwifjyxm;ygonf/

þrQqdkvsifyif ]Ak'¨KyÜwåd? Ak'¨0g'? Ak'¨bmom? Ak'¨pmþrQqdkvsifyif ]Ak'¨KyÜwåd? Ak'¨0g'? Ak'¨bmom? Ak'¨pmþrQqdkvsifyif ]Ak'¨KyÜwåd? Ak'¨0g'? Ak'¨bmom? Ak'¨pmþrQqdkvsifyif ]Ak'¨KyÜwåd? Ak'¨0g'? Ak'¨bmom? Ak'¨pmþrQqdkvsifyif ]Ak'¨KyÜwåd? Ak'¨0g'? Ak'¨bmom? Ak'¨pmay? Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI ponfwdk YudkavYvm&müygVd pmaye,fay? Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI ponfwdk YudkavYvm&müygVd pmaye,fay? Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI ponfwdk YudkavYvm&müygVd pmaye,fay? Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI ponfwdk YudkavYvm&müygVd pmaye,fay? Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI ponfwdk YudkavYvm&müygVd pmaye,fwpfrsdK;wnf;onf tukeftpifr[kwfao;aMumif; xif½Sm;wpfrsdK;wnf;onf tukeftpifr[kwfao;aMumif; xif½Sm;wpfrsdK;wnf;onf tukeftpifr[kwfao;aMumif; xif½Sm;wpfrsdK;wnf;onf tukeftpifr[kwfao;aMumif; xif½Sm;wpfrsdK;wnf;onf tukeftpifr[kwfao;aMumif; xif½Sm;NyD; jzpfygonf/}NyD; jzpfygonf/}NyD; jzpfygonf/}NyD; jzpfygonf/}NyD; jzpfygonf/}

jrefrmEdkifiHü vufcHusifYokH;aeaom ax&0g'Ak'bmomonf4if;? ygVdyd#uwfawmfonf4if; Ak'bmom*dkPf;uGJ? pmayuGJ



wdkYteuf a½S;tusqkH;ESifY tcdkifcefYqkH;? trSefuefqkH; jzpfonfrSmvnf; ,kHrSm;zG,fr½Sd/ odkYaomf tcsdKUtcsdKUaom tqdktrdefYwdkYonf*dkPf;uGJrsm;twGif;üom oD;jcm;vufcHxm;aom tqdktrdefYrsm;jzpfMuí? tcsdKUtcsdKUaom pmayqdkif&m awG;ac:ajrmfjrifrIqdkif&mtcsuftvufwdkYrSmvnf; 0g'uGJrsm;tvdkuf xGef;um;wdk;wufvmaom taMumif;&if;rsm;om jzpfMuonfudkvnf;vufcHMu&ygrnf/

txl;tm;jzifY qef;opfaom tawG;tac:wdkYonf acwf\aumif;-qdk;rItay:wGif tenf;ESifYtrsm;rSDvsuf wdk;wufvmaomoabm ½Sdaeonfjzpfí? pmayESifYywf0ef;usif ruif;EdkifMuykHudkvnf; ESvkH;oGif;oifYvSygonf/

rnfodkYyif½Sdygap? ]ygVdtbd"r®yd#u}udk a0zefqef;ppfrnfodkYyif½Sdygap? ]ygVdtbd"r®yd#u}udk a0zefqef;ppfrnfodkYyif½Sdygap? ]ygVdtbd"r®yd#u}udk a0zefqef;ppfrnfodkYyif½Sdygap? ]ygVdtbd"r®yd#u}udk a0zefqef;ppfrnfodkYyif½Sdygap? ]ygVdtbd"r®yd#u}udk a0zefqef;ppfMu&mü EIdif;,SOfavYvmzG,f ]ouúwtbd"r® yd#uwpfql}-Mu&mü EIdif;,SOfavYvmzG,f ]ouúwtbd"r® yd#uwpfql}-Mu&mü EIdif;,SOfavYvmzG,f ]ouúwtbd"r® yd#uwpfql}-Mu&mü EIdif;,SOfavYvmzG,f ]ouúwtbd"r® yd#uwpfql}-Mu&mü EIdif;,SOfavYvmzG,f ]ouúwtbd"r® yd#uwpfql}-½Sdaeao;onf[laom tcsufudk owdxm;rdMuvsif? þpm½Sdaeao;onf[laom tcsufudk owdxm;rdMuvsif? þpm½Sdaeao;onf[laom tcsufudk owdxm;rdMuvsif? þpm½Sdaeao;onf[laom tcsufudk owdxm;rdMuvsif? þpm½Sdaeao;onf[laom tcsufudk owdxm;rdMuvsif? þpmwrf;\ &nf½G,fcsufjynfh0NyD; jzpfygonf/wrf;\ &nf½G,fcsufjynfh0NyD; jzpfygonf/wrf;\ &nf½G,fcsufjynfh0NyD; jzpfygonf/wrf;\ &nf½G,fcsufjynfh0NyD; jzpfygonf/wrf;\ &nf½G,fcsufjynfh0NyD; jzpfygonf/

(1969-ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiH okawoe aqG;aEG;yGJü zwfMum;cJhonf)

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