مصطلحات إحصاء
DESCRIPTION
قاموس لمصطلحات الإحصاءTRANSCRIPT
-
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tinU gnilpmaS: pop lacitsitatS.: gnilpmas & elpmaS: elbairav modnaR: naem citemhtirA: noitaiveD dradnatS & ecnairaV : noitalerroC & ecnairavoC pop .retemarap: citsitatS elpmasA: ytilibaborP: noitatcepxE: noitubirtsid laimoniB: noitubirtsiD lamroN : tsiD tnedutS: pop fo noitamitsE .sretemaraP: rotamitsE & etamitsE: rotamitsE tseB: etamitse lavretnI & tnioP:
-
tinU gnilpmaS:
] ] ] " . ] ] ] ] ] ] ] " ] ] ]
. ] ( . ) ( ] ] ] . ]
)] . ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] )] ] ] ] ( ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
( .
.pop lacitsitatS:
" " ] ] ] ] ( )] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] . ] ] ] ] ] ( )] ] ] ]
] ] .pop etinifnI ] ] ] ] ] .pop etiniF] ] ] ]
.
gnilpmas & elpmaS:
. ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ...( ] )] ] ] ] ] ]
. .
" ] " ] ] ] ] ] ] ] " ] ] ] . "
:
] ] ] ] ]
. . ] ] ] " . "
N] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
n < 03 03 . n .
-
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
n f ] f] ] ] ] N
... 2 1+ + + =L n n n n ( ) ] ] ] =
i ( ] ] ] ] ] ] ) ] ] L] i
iN i
n = f
( : L) i in i i N
fn
Nf
n
Nf
n
LNL
L1
1
12
2
2
..., ,= = =
elbairav modnaR:
. ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
( ...,z,y,x) " " ] ] 3 2 1,..., , , :N X X X X X X N ] ]
( ) ( ) snoitavresbo] ] ] ] ] ] ]
.
: elbairav modnaR etercsiD ( )
]
01,...,4,3,2,1,0 :X elbairaV modnaR suounitnoC ( )
. ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] y . ] ] ] ] ] ]
. 2.83,83,1.93,5.73,73:Y 14 63
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ".: "
] ] ]
2,1,1,2,1=X
-
. 2 1
naem citemhtirA:
] ] ] ] ] ] ] . N X .
= = )1( X N
ii
N
1
i X i
N
=
1
= i xi i . N
x x n,...,2,1
:
)2( n
xx
n
ii
=
= 1
] ] ] ] ] ] . naeM .
: noitaiveD dradnatS & ecnairaV
] noisrepsiD fo erusaeM ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] . ] ]
. ] ] ] ] .s2 2
:
x) ( )3( N
i
i
N
=
2
1
. N
)4( =
=
n
i
i
nSxx
1
22
1()
-
. 1-n n 03 n ] ] n ] ] ] ] x] :
:
= )5(
=
u X) (N
ii
N2
1
: s
S )6( x x
n
ii
n
=
=
2) ( 1
1
S )7( n
ixn xi
n
=
=
2 1 12
1
) (
: rav( x) v(x) )X(raV V(X)
) ( =x sav s
noitalerroC & ecnairavoC
]] ]] n ]] ]] ]] n ]] ]] y x]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ] 2 2 1 1n ny x y x y x) , ( ,...,) , ( ,) , (
: voC( y,x)
)8( =
=
n
n ivoCxyxxyy
1 1 (,)(())
. n03 1-n n ] ] ] ] ] ] . y x] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
.
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
:
y x, (voc )9( y xn yn
= ) i ix
1
-
:
)01( SS xy =(voc,) rxy
1 1-]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] : ]]] ]]] y X ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ,x yS S]]]
] ] ] ] + 1 ] ] ] ] x,y ] ] ] ] ] -1 ] ] r 11 . . ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
:
y y x x r )11( S S ni i
iy x
n
=
=
11) () () (
y xn y x r )21( S S ni i
iy x
n
=
=
11) (
xn x S
n
yn y Sn
xi
i
n
yi
i
n
=
=
=
=
2 2
1
2
1
1
1
.
retemarap .pop:
. ( ) ] ] ] ] ] ] X] ] ] ]
] .
. ] ]] ]] ]] 2 ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] . ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]]
:
==
==
N
ii
N
iNX i
X1 N
22
1 1, 1()
citsitatS elpmasA:
. ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
: 2S x .
-
x
nx
Sn
x x
ii
n
ii
n
=
=
=
=
1
11
1
2 2
1
) (
ytilibaborP:
07 % 05
] ] ] . ] ] ] ] ] % . ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] . ] ] ] ]
)E(P-1=)E(q: )E(q ] P(E) ] E] ] nA]] ]] . ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] . ]] ]] ]] ]]
elbissoP]] ]] ]] " ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] " ]] tnemirepxE . tneve nA emoctuo
)E(n ( E )] ( ] ) ] ] N) ( ] ] ] ] ]
)E(P ] E] ] ] ] :
E n E P N
n
N) ( ) (
) (= =
] . ] ] ] ] ] ]
01 ] ] ] ] ] 002] ] ] 1 E ..., ,2 1E E] ] ] ] ] ] ]
01=n 002=N ] ] ] ] 2 E] ] : 1) (E P
E n E P N
n
N) ( ) (
) (1.
01 1002
= = = =50
% . 5 qEPE === 11 ()1()1.50.59 % 59
noitatcepxE:
] 2 1,..., , :nx x x X ] ] ] ] ] ] ] X ] ] ] ] : )X(E ( ) f(ix) ix
)41( =
=
n
iEXfxx ii
1 ()()
-
:
=) ( ) (i ixd x f x X E )51(
. X] ] ] ] ] )x(f]
] ] f(ix)] ] fn
. n / i in x f =if n i ] E(X) ] ] ] n ] ] f(ix) ] ] ] /in f ] ] .
:
: 5 4 3 2 1 X
.50 .03 .53 .2 .50 .50 fxi) ( ( )
:
i ix f x X E i
n
=) ( ) (=
1
50.x5+3.x4+53.x3+2.x2+50.x1+50.x0 = 3 = 59.2 =
.
: . .
t) ] ]
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ( .
noitubirtsid laimoniB:
] ( ] ] ] ] ] ] )] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
X n] ] ] . ] ] ] ] . . n ( )
-
] ] ] f(fxi) () ] ] ] ] X] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] .
: )x(f
pq xnx )61( xnx
fxn
=
!(!) ()!
: . P 1=q+p q . n x 4321 !4 n 1 ] ] ] ] ] ] ] n ] ] !n
. !O
: pn = )71(
: qpn = 2 )81(
: noitubirtsiD lamroN
] ]] ]] ]] ] ]] ]] ] ]] ]] ] ]] ]] ( ]])] ]] ] : . . + x . . ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] 2 ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]]
. lamroN N 2 ) , (N .
:
()/ 22 )91( 2
2 ()11
= fxex
X 82817.2 e 95141.3
-
)x(f
0 = noitubirtsid lamroN dradnatS] ] ] Z ] ] )1,0(N ] ] ] 1
:
)02( 2
21
2= fxez ()1
=x Z
2 = Z % 72.86 1 = Z] ] ] ] ] % 37.99] 3 = Z] % 54.59
] Z ] ] ] ] 0=Z] ] ] . 0=Z
(1)
tsiD tnedutS:
2 ] ] ] ] ] ] ] . 2S ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
t t ( n
-
t n] ] : t
tY x f )22( n
n) (
) (=
+
0
121
t t . 1-n] ] ] ] 0Y]
. ] ] ] ] ] ] ] . ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1-n] ] ] ] . t ] ] ] t]
. n 51 5
(2) t
sretemaraP .pop fo noitamitsE:
,2 ] ] ] ] ] . ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
.
rotamitsE & etamitsE:
] ] ,..., ,2 1nx x x] ] ] ] ] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ( ]])]] ]] . ]] ]] ]] ]]
.
. )=x () ( )] ] ] ] x ] ] ] : rotamitsE
) == xfxxxn 12 (,,...,)
=
==
n
ixx ni
1
)1
-
rotamitsE tseB:
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
. ] ( ] )] ] ] ] ] . ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
. tseB .
: ssendesaibnU ycnetsisnoC ycneiciffE ycneiciffuS
) :
()= )32( )
E .
: : u x
=
==
n
ixx ni
1
)1
:
: 2 x
s) (n
ix xi
n2 2
1
11
=
=
: 2S
= =12 2 2S NN s E) (
-
] ) n] ] ]
)
:
>= mil0 ) ( )42(
np
>0 :
) (mil0 ) (mil
nV
nE
:
. x 2 n] ] :
milmil/0 ) ( ) (mil
2
=
nVxnn
nx
. x
,1 2
-
) (.636 ) (
2==
VEMVx
. EM x
] )
)
)
) .
f(,x) ] ] ] ,..., ,2 1nx x x ] n ] ] ] ]
: = , ... , , , ; ,..., ,2 1 2 1n nx f x f x f x x x g) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
== 1212 ,,...,;,,,..., gxxxhkxxx nn) ( ) ( ) ( . ,..., ,2 1nx x x k) (:
: . a x ( )
ne x x x g) ( ) (n
ia x2 1
12
212
2
; ,..., ,
=
: x
) ( ) (kxxxhxa) ( ) (
exxxan
i
n
,,...,,2
-n2
12
1
12
2
21
2
=
=
. x
etamitse lavretnI & tnioP:
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] :
etamitse tnioP -
-
.] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] p . x ( )] ]
. P
etamitse lavretnI ecnedifnoC - . ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
. stimil ecnedifnoC] ] ] . ] ] ]
. h h ] . ] ] ] . ] ] ] ] ]
] h h h ] h h ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] : x .
x Z )52( n
=
/
x . ]
. Z n 2 ) n (3)
:
=
121/2 /
zn
pzx
2 1 2 1 Z ] ] 2 ] ] ] ] ] 2 Z]
1 ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] :
z x )62( n
z xn
+ +
2 1 2
-
% 59 ] 2 1 Z ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 Z] )
( . -69.1 2 Z 69.1 2 1 Z
]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ( ]] )t ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]]
ns
x=
: )
x) (tx
=
: 1-n t
n ) ( ) ( )72( xts
n ++ /2,11/2,1 nn xts
:
s) (n
ix xi
n2 2
1
11
=
=
1-n ( 1%) ( t) t
n N N
1 :
t x) ( ) (sn
s t x u fn
1 11 2 1 1 2, / , / + +n nf
s] ) n
xn 1f = 22
:
n xn NN
sn
n NN
22 2
1=
=
]]] s ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] 2S ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] 2s ]] ]] ]] 2s ]] ]] )x]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] . ]] ]] ]]
. 2s 2
]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] n]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] ]]] . ( 50.= % )59