开放英语Ⅰ⑴ ------许秋君EMAIL: icy0912@yahoo.com.cn

Unit1 Talking about people

功能 / 语法 句型 / 结构

介绍自己

I am\I’m… My name is(name’s)…I’m from… I’m a(an)…I work for\in… I live in…

询问他人情况

What is your\his\her name?What is your\his\her job?Are you from…? Is he\she from…?Is your father Chinese?

表达喜好I like swimming\reading.He\She likes running.We\They like skating.

Aims:

1 、动词 to be（ p3 ）

I am a student. You are a student.

He\She is a student.

We are students. You are students. They are students.

I am not a student. You are not a student. He\She is not a student.

We are not students. You are not students.They are not students.

否定句 :

Are you a student? Yes, I am.\No, I am not.

Is he a student? Yes, he is.\No, he is not.

Are you students? Yes, we are.\No, we are not.

Are they students? Yes, they are.\No, they are not.

一般疑问句 :

特殊疑问句：

What is your name? My name is George.

Where are you from? I am from Ningbo.

How old are you? I am 26 years old.

缩略形式：

I’m a student. He’s a teacher.

They’re workers. We’re friends.

2 、不定冠词 a\an(p3)

I am a manager\teacher\student\worker.

I am an accountant\engineer\editor.

不定冠词的基本用法

不定冠词主要用在可数名词单数前，表示：1 ）“一个”Rome was not built in a day.I can only carry two at a time.She is a friend of mine.

2 ）“某一个”（ =a certain ）A car is waiting at the gate.He was born in a small city in Zhejiang.

3 、与 work 连用的介词

work for, work at, work in, work with

I work with Mary in the same office.I work for a bank.I work at a school.I work in Ningbo.

4 、代词人称代词用于代替人或物：

数 格 单 数 复 数

主格

I you he she it

we you they

宾格

me you him her it

us you them

I am David. You work in London.

He\She is from China. We are teachers.

They are my parents. It is my dog.

形容词性物主代词表示所属关系：

词义类型

我的 你的 他（她、它）的

我们的

你们的

他们的

形容词性

my your his, her, its

our your their

名词性 mine yours his, her, its

ours yours theirs

My name is David. Your job is in London.

His\Her parents are from Italy. Our house is very large.

Their parents live in a little village. Its name is Mary.

5 、在名词后加 -’s 表示所属关系

Sally’s friend is Greek. John’s father is Italian.

Mary’s son is 10 years old.

6 、规则动词（ -s 词尾的加法） :

1 ）在一般现在时中，主语为第三人称单数时，谓语需加 -s, 如：

She loves children. 她爱孩子。

This surprises us. 这让我们感到震惊。

2 ）在加 -s 词尾时要注意下面几点：a. 在一般情况下可直接加 -s work---works like---likes come---comes feel---feelsb. 以 ch, sh, s, x, o 结尾的词，需加 -es: teach---teaches wash---washes wish---wishes miss---misses fix---fixe

s do---does go---goesc. 以辅音 +y 结尾的词，先变 y 为 i, 再加 -es: cry---cries apply---applies fly---flies reply---replies

7 、名词的单复数1 ）一般名词的复数以加 -s 或 -es 的方式构成：

一般情况加 -s: brothers flowers schools books

以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的词加 -es: buses foxes watches dishes

以辅音 +y 结尾的词变 y 为 i 再加 -es: ladies countries

2 ）以 o 结尾的词：

a. 加 -es: heroes potatoes tomatoes mosquitoes

b. 加 -s: 以元音 +o, oo 结尾的词 zoos bamboos

taboos 一些外来词 pianos solos tobaccos 一些缩写词 kilos photos memos

3 ）以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的词，通常变 f 为 v, 再加 -(e)s:

half---halves leaf---leaves self---selvesthief—thieves wolf---wolves shelf---shelveswife---wives knife---knives life---lives

有些只加 -s, roofs proofs beliefs chiefs

4 ）不规则的复数形式

man---men woman---women child---childrentooth---teeth foot---feet goose---geese mouse--- mice ox---oxen

5 ）单复数同形

sheep aircraft goldfish deer Chinese species means works( 工

厂 )

6 ）特殊情况 :

hairs: He had a few white hairs.

fruits: There the most common fruits are pear, apple and peach.

fishes: He caught three little fishes.

8 、动词 like 的用法

表示喜欢做某事，结构为 like+doing ：

I like playing the piano. He likes watching TV. They like eating banana.

9 、需重点记忆的课后单词

nation—nationalMy nationality is Chinese. I work for an IT company\a bank.I am a deputy manager. My wife is a secretary\an accountant.I live in a little town. My parents’ job is engineer.My landlord is the owner of the restauran

t.He is graduated from a local university.

Unit 2 Meeting and Greeting

功能 / 语法 句型 / 结构

介绍自己I like\I don’t like… I’m often ill on planes\boats.I usually work on… I often go to work by…

描述日常作息I start work at… I usually finish work at…We work from…to…I never work at home in the evening.

动词 to have

She has black eyes.I have a small TV.I usually have a coffee at noon.

12 小时表达法It is…past… It is…to…It is a quarter\half past\to…

频度副词I never\sometimes\often\usually\always eat in the canteen at lunchtime.

表达提议 / 请求

Could you do sth?Would you like sth?Would you like to do sth?

入住登记

I have a reservation for a double room.Could you tell me you car number\spell your name, please?Could you sign the register, please?

1 、行为动词的否定形式

行为动词的否定式由 do not(don’t), does not(doesn’t)+ 动词原形构成：

I like swimming. I do not like swimming.You like running. You do not like running.He\She likes reading. He\She does not like reading.

在口语中通常用缩略形式 don’t\doesn’t, 在正式的文体中不用缩略形式。

2 、行为动词疑问句的构成及其简略回答

行为动词作谓语的一般疑问句需用助动词 do\does,并将其置于主语之前。通常只需要简略回答，用 do\does 代替句中的行为动词。

Do you like swimming? Yes, I do.\No, I don’t.Does he live in this city? Yes, he does.\No, h

e doesn’t.

特殊疑问句要将疑问词置于句首

Where do you have lunch? I have lunch… What time do you go to school? When do you have dinner?

3 、频度副词

1) 常见的频度副词从 0%----100% 排列： never sometimes often usually always

2) 频度副词在句子中有不同的位置： 在动词 to be 之后： He is always at home in the evening. 他晚上总在家。 She is often late. 她经常迟到。 Are you usually ill on planes? 你经常晕机吗？ 在实意动词之前： They sometimes stay up all night. 他们有时彻夜不眠。 She never saw him again. 她再也没有见过他。 I usually go to bed at eleven. 我通常十一点睡觉。

在助动词之后（ have, do ），实意动词之前： I have often thought of you. Do you usually go to school by foot? Have you ever ridden a bike?

有时为了强调，可放在句首或助动词及动词 to be 之前： Always, we went on foot. 我们总是步行去。 We usually don’t get up until nine on Sundays. 星期天我们通常九点才起床。 He always is late when we have an important meeting. 我们有重要会议时，他总是迟到。

4 、动词 to have 的不同含义

1 ） to possess(characteristics) 具有（特点） I have black hair. He has a cut on his chin( 下巴 ).

2 ） to possess(things) 拥有（东西） He has a large house. Do you have any pets?

3 ） to eat\to drink 吃、喝 We have coffee at 11. I usually have a sandwich for lunch.

5 、动词 to have, to go, to finish 第三人称单数形式的变化：

I have I go I finish

you have you go you finish

he\she\it has he\she\it goes he\she\it finishes

we\they have we\they go we\they finish

6 、 12 小时表达法

① 表示整点过 1—30 分用 past （晚于，过）： 12:10 It is ten past twelve. 　 9:05 It is five past nine.

② 表示离整点还差 1—29 分用 to( 在……之前 )

10:50 It is ten to eleven.

③ 表示“一刻钟”可用 a quarter 11:15 It is a quarter past eleven. 8:45 It is a quarter to nine.

④ 表示“半小时”常用 half: 6:30 It is half past six.

⑤ 表示“午前”用 am, 　表示“午后”用 pm, 　表示“在中午”用 at noon: I often go to school at 8am. I always go home at 5pm. I usually go out for a walk at noon.

7 、介词 at, for, in, from…to… at 表示在某点时间（在…时刻）She arrives at 7 o’clock.I have tea\coffee at breakfast time (lunchtime,

dinnertime).

for 表示在某段时间（或作为…）I go swimming on Tuesdays for two hours.She likes apple for breakfast (lunch, dinner).

in 表示在…期间 I work in the morning.

from…to… 表示从某点到另一点的持续时间He works from 8am to 5pm.

8 、提出请求 Could you+ do sth? 常用于表达请求。

Could you spell your name, please? Yes, of course.

Could you tell me your telephone number, please? No, sorry…

Could you call me at 7o’clock, please? Certainly.

9 、表达建议

Would you like sth? 或者 would you like to do sth? 常用来表达建议。

Would you like to have a coffee? Yes, please. Would you like a cup of coffee? No, thank you.

10 、需重点记忆的单词

I’m pleased (glad) to meet you. I never feel relaxed on planes (on a plane). I really enjoy (like) flying. I usually take a nap at home. start—finish by train I have a reservation for a single\double room? Could you sign the register, please?

Unit 3 What Do you Do?

1 、介绍他人

常用的表达方法是 This is… , my…

Xiaoyan, this is Polly, my girlfriend. Polly, this is Xiaoyan, my colleague from Shanghai.

2 、提议与应答

可以用 Would you like sth? 或 Would you like to do sth? 这两种疑问方式表达建议，例如：

Would you like a drink? / some crisps? Would you like to come to the shop one d

ay?

肯定回答 否定回答 Yes, please. No, thanks.\thank

you. Yes, I would, thanks. No, I wouldn’t,

thanks.

提议还可以用以 what 开头的疑问句表达，例如：

提议 What would you like to drink? 应答 I’d like a gin and tonic, please.

What would you like, Polly? I’d like a glass of wine, thank you. I’d like some crisps.

主动提出自己做某事，常用 I’ll (I will) + 动词原形，如：

I’ll buy the drinks. I’ll buy the book for you on my way home.

3 、序数词

多数序数词由基数词直接加 -th 构成，如：six---sixth eleven---eleventh eighteen---eighteenth hundred---hundredt

h

以下词例外： first second third fifth eighth ninth twelfth twentieth thirtieth fortieth

简写形式，如： first 1st second 2nd third 3rd fourth 4th

4 、不定冠词 a/an 和定冠词 the 的区别

不定冠词 a/an 与可数名词的单数搭配，指某一类人或事物中的非特指的“任何一个”。定冠词 the与可数名词的单、复数和不可数名词搭配，指独一无二的事务或已被提到的人或物。例如：

I am an accountant. 我是一名会计。 I am the Chief Accountant for ABHK Bank. 我是 ABHK 银行主任会计师。 These are the books I like. 这些是我喜欢的书。 She is a receptionist. 她是一名接待员。 She is the receptionist. 她是接待员。 注：表达楼层时用定冠词 the ground floor the first floor the second floor

5 、指示代词 this, these, that, those

this, that 是单数形式， these, those 是复数形式。

通常 this(these) 指离说话人较近的物品， that(those) 指离说话人家较远的物品。指示代词既可以单独使用，也可以与名词连用。例如：

Xiaoyan, this is Polly, my girlfriend. These people are my friends. That is Frank near the door. Those people in the car are his brothers and sisters.

指示代词可以用于表达对比的意义。（说话是伴随用手指点的动作。） This is my coffee and that’s yours.These are my books. Those are yours.These people are my friends. Those are my husba

nd’s friends.

指示代词可用于强调。例如：That is really stupid!Those are no good at all.I really don’t like this!

6 、 there is\there are 句型的使用

表示“在某处有 / 存在……”可以用 there is/there are… 结构。如果名词为复数，动词用 are, 名词为单数，动词用 is, 例如： There is a man in the office. There are two plants in the house.

疑问句要将 is\are 置于句首（ Is there…?\Are there…? ） , 例如： Is there a fax in the office? Are there any plants in the reception?

对一般疑问句的回答通常用简略形式，例如：

疑问句 回答Is there a coffee machine in the office? Yes, there is.Is there a TV in the office? No, there isn’t.Are there desks in the reception? Yes, there are.Are there fax machines in the reception? No, there aren’t.

7 、重点单词

I’ll work late. He can’t contact his wife. prepare for invite reception(-ist) personal business lift capital fax machine water

Unit 4 Families and Occupations

功能 / 语法 句型 / 结构

现在进行时

to be+doingI am waiting for an important call from my boss in Shanghai.He’s talking to a customer.

表示工作地点 I work at a school.She works in an office in London.

表示工作领域 He is in medicine.They work in computers.

询问他人工作 What is your job?What do you do?

表 示 拥 有

Have you got any family?Yes, I have.Do you have a book?No, I don’t.

1 、谈论工作

谈及工作领域，用介词 in. He’s in medicine. They work in computers. She lectures in French.

谈及工作地点，用介词 at\in, 还要注意用 a\an 或the. I work at a school. She works in an office in London. She works in the school near my office.

询问别人的工作，可以用 what is your\his\her job? 或动词 to do.

What do you do? I’m an accountant. What do they do? They work in a bank.

2 、 to have got 和 to have 的用法

表示“拥有”的时候，两者意思是一样。

在疑问句和否定句中的用法： Have you got a book? No, I haven’t (got a book). Do you have a TV? No, I\we don’t (have a TV).

any 通常用在疑问句和否定句中： Do you have any cousins? Have you got any sisters? I haven’t got any sisters.

3 、现在进行时

① 表示此刻或说话是正在发生的事情或正在进行的动作。 结构是：主语 +to be+doing:I am waiting for an important call from my boss i

n Shanghai.He’s talking to a customer.

否定形式是在动词 to be 后面加 not: My computer isn’t working. I’m not eating lunch. They aren’t working today.

一般疑问句是将 to be 放在主语前面： Is he talking to a customer?

特殊疑问句如下： What are you doing? Where is she having dinner? What are they waiting for?

② 表示这段时间正在进行的活动。

Li Jun is working on a new database at the moment, but right now she is sleeping. 李俊正在建一个新的数据库，不过此刻她正在睡觉。

4 、重点单词

helpful retired married important lecture clerk on one’s own at the moment right now be responsible for train develop interview wait for on holiday (business) actually

Unit 5 Flat Hunting

1 、澄清意思

询问一个词是什么意思，用动词 to mean, 回答时主语可以用代词 it : What does “sml” mean? Sml-what does it mean? It means small.

还可以用一般疑问句： Does “avail” mean available? Yes, it does. Does “pm” mean morning? No, it means afternoon.

2 、复习 to have, to have got （ unit4 ）

It has got a garage /one bedroom.

It hasn’t got a garden. I haven’t got a car.

Has it got a garden? No, it hasn’t.

3 、提出建议

可以用以下几种句型： What about seeing this flat? How about going to an estate agent? Why don’t you go to an estate agent? Why don’t you call them?

回答： Well, I don’t know. Yes, that’s a good idea.

4 、询问价格

询问价格时要用 how much 开头，动词用 to cost 或者 to be. 例如：

How much does the flat cost a month? It costs $500. How much do they cost? They cost $50each. How much is the flat? It is $500 a month. How much is it a month? How much are they? They are $50 each.

5 、重点单词

hunt cost rent repair understand look for talk about ring up face to face be interested in price problem excellent convenient quiet safe available noisy separate nervous expensive\dear attractive

Unit 1-5 Review

1 、谈论工作

What’s your job? What’s his/her job? What’s David’s mother’s job?What do you do? What does he/she/your mother do? What do they do?

I’m an engineer. He is a lawyer. She is a doctor. They are teachers. They work in computers. He is in medicine.

2 、时间表达法

10.00 ten o’clock10.15 a quarter past ten10.20 twenty past ten10.30 half past ten10.40 twenty to eleven10.45 a quarter to eleve

n

What time is it, please? What is the time, please? It is a quarter past six.

3 、表达提议 ① Would you like sth (a coffee, some cri

sps)? Yes, please. No, thanks. Would you like to do sth (come to the

party)? Yes, I would, thanks. No, I wouldn’t, thanks. What would you like to do (drink, eat)?

I’d like a cup of coffee. What would you like?

I’d like some crisps.

② What about sth/doing sth? What about a cup of coffee? What about seeing this flat? How about sth/doing sth? How about a break? How about having lunch together? Why don’t you/we do sth? Why don’t you go to the estate age

nt? Why don’t we have dinner together?

回答： Yes, that’s a good idea. Well, I don’t know. No, I’m afraid not.

4 、描述住处

1 ）相关词汇hall living room dining room

bedroom bathroom kitchen study toilet garage garden

big small large modern old-fashioned beautiful dirty busy noisy quiet bright excellent

2) have/have got

It has/has got a garden.It hasn’t got a garden. It doesn’t have a

garden.

Has it got a garden? Yes, it has. No, it hasn’t.

Does it have a garden? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.

3) there be 句型

There is a large living room.There are two big bedrooms.

就近原则 There is a chair and two desks in the

office. There are two desks and a chair in th

e office.

5 、询问价格How much is it/are they? It is 500 dollars a month. / They are 50 dollars each.

How much does it cost? It costs 500 dollars.

How much do they cost? They cost 50 dollars each.

It is very expensive for me. It is much more expensive than that

one.

6 、现在进行时

说话是正在进行的动作或发生的事情 I’m waiting for an important call from my boss. She is sitting in her office. He is working in Paris. They are having lunch.

否定式： My computer is not working. I’m not reading. They are not crying.

Thank you for your attending!