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:30.11.14 ' 8:00 -11:00

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: 203184262

:1. PH 2. PH 3.

'- pH: pH pH meter

pH " pH meterpH " pHpKa (M)'

2.1234.761CH3COOH1

781CH3COONa2

12.88140.1NaOH3

1.9220.1HCl4

7.370.1NaCl5

4.3157.21 pKa2))0.5NaH2PO4 KH2PO46

9.02912.40 pKa3))0.5Na2HPO4 K2HPO4 7

77 8

7.116 9

1. (accuracy) (precision) PH mete PH PH , 2 ' , PH . , . PH " 2. PH PH meter. PH PH ..3

pH (M) 'pH (M) '

9.20.0575.50.11

7.50.284.50.12

4.50.0599.0 0.053

8.40.06108.60.154

8.00.1117.00.15

9.50.1126.60.046

5. PKa PH ' NaH2PO4 PK 7.21 PH Na2HPO4 M0.5 M0.1 :

100 " :: 100 " 80 " . , PH PH meter PH PH .4. .

5. , NaOH 0.038M ( 10 ") M0.1, : 100ml 38 " NaOH 10 " " 48 " 100 " . .6. 2 NaClpHpH pH

6.456.43 ( 0.02)6.27( 0.18)

7.411.52( 4.12)5.84( 1.56)

\ PH , \ PH . " PH . , " PH , Pka PH PH . 7. . . - H+ - pH ( BCa- buffer capacity in the acid direction). PH :

PH M0.0321 : . OH- " - pH ( - BCb buffer capacity in the alkaline direction ). : PH 70.086-0.038=M0.048

pH HA]](M) ] [A- (M) (M) ( )

pH-1M0.09410.0321

pH M0.062M0.038-----------

pH+1M0.014M0.086M0.048

. BCa BCb ? ? ? BCb BCa Pka PH . PH=Pka . . ( 6), ( 7). 6 6 , :Pka>PH ? " . PH PH ., . . :- .