WDMWDM--PONPON

2005. 1. 27.

김병휘

2Proprietary

Contents

FTTH FTTH WDMWDM--PONPON

TT--PON with PLCPON with PLC--ECLECLRR--PON with RSOAPON with RSOAUCL (TOUCL (TO--CAN with TEC)CAN with TEC)

WDM/SCMWDM/SCM--PONPON

3Proprietary

FTTH Perspectives

TransceiverTransceiver

Speed per Speed per ChannelChannel

MarketMarket

TechnologyTechnology

C&B TypeC&B Type

2010201020032003 2009200920072007 200820082005200520022002 20042004 20062006

* PLEC: Planar Light & Electronic Circuit

Overlay Overlay In-BandIn-Band

AON (FTTC) AON (FTTC)

TDM-PONTDM-PON

WDM-PONWDM-PON

155/622 Mbps155/622 Mbps

1.25 Gbps 2.5 Gbps1.25 Gbps 2.5 Gbps10 Gbps10 Gbps

TO-CAN TypeTO-CAN Type

Optically Hybrid Type (PLC)Optically Hybrid Type (PLC)

O-E Hybrid Type (PLEC*)O-E Hybrid Type (PLEC*)

NTT,소프트뱅크,동경전력 3000만

Verizon,SBC100만

KT시범 KT 175만

NCA 시범

ETRI 시범

건설업체 (특등급)

홈네트워크 시범홈네트워크 시범

시장확대

NTT,동경전력 180만

Verizon,SBC 1300만 Verizon,SBC 3000만

4Proprietary

FTTH 현황 - 세계

최근 FTTH 기술은 인터넷 접속 속도 증대 차원을 벗어나 기존 인터넷서비스에 VoIP, IP-TV를 결합하는 TPS가 새로운 통신서비스모델로 부상

미국은 FCC (Federal Communications Commission) 연방통신 위원회 의 UNE (Unbundling Network Equipment) 유보 정책 발표를 전기로 최근 Verizon, SBC 등RBOC 들이 FTTH 투자를 획기적으로 증대– Verizon은 2005년까지 300만 회선의 FTTH 구축 예정 (당초 100만 회선)– SBC는 2007년 까지 1800만 회선의 TPS 서비스 망 구축 예정

(20~25Mbps급 서비스 제공하는 FTTN (Fiber To The Neighborhood) 포함)– 2007년 까지 1300만 회선, 2009년 까지 2900만 회선의 FTTH 구축 예측

(RVA의 FTTP/FTTH 2004/2005 예측 자료, 2004.11)

일본은 본격적인 FTTH 시대 돌입– 2004년 8월 현재 160만 회선 돌파, 전체 광대역 가입자 1,590만의 10% 수준– FTTH 가입자는 1년 전에 비해 약 4배 증가, 최근 월 10만 회선씩 증가

국내는 KT가 2009년까지 175만 회선의 FTTH 구축 계획 발표– LG전선은 파키스탄에 FTTH 설비 1500만 달러 수출 계약 체결– 광주시는 2만 회선의 FTTH 상용화 계획 확정(2005년~2009년, 1194억원 투자)

5Proprietary

FTTH 현황 - 미국

FTTH 가입자 급증

– 2004년 9월 현재 97만 가입자

– 2004년 3월의 19만 가입자 수준에서 급증 배경은 Verizon 사업에 기인

19,400 35,70072,100

110,000

180,300 189,000

970,000

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005

FTTH Homes Passed

2002 2003 2004 2005

6Proprietary

FTTH 현황 - 일본

2004년 8월 현재 가입자수 160만– 매월10만 가입자 증가

총무성의 e-Japan II 계획 (2003. 7)

– 2005년 광섬유에 의한 초고속 인터넷 접속 1,000만 가입자 목표

NTT의 중기경영계획 (2004. 11)

– 2010년 3,000만 가입자 목표 (총 5조엔 투자)

2004년 10월부터 소프트뱅크의 FTTH 사업 참여로 경쟁 가속– EPON 링크 1 Gbps를 32가입자가 공유하는 방식으로 서비스 제공

– 100 Mbps VDSL 병행

경제성이 높은 공동/집합주택 시장은 경쟁 치열, 투자비가 많이 소요되는 주택지역은 NTT가 주도 (81.8% 점유)

7Proprietary

FTTH 현황 - 유럽

스웨덴 이탈리아 네덜란드 프랑스

16만

(2003. 12)

8만

[2004. 6)

AON

10 Mbps

음성, DATA, 방송

2007년까지45만 가입자 구축

AON

5만 목표

(2004. 8 시작)

AON

10 Mbps

음성, DATA, 방송

10 Mbps

음성, DATA, 방송

투자 2년만에흑자전환,

방송 서비스가입자 증가

PBC : 지자체 포설, CATV SO 운용,

3년 내 5만 가입자확보

가입자29만

(2004. 12)

방식 AON

서비스10 Mbps

음성, DATA, 방송

특징방송 서비스추가 과금

출처 : ITU-T ASNA Workshop 2004, FastWeb

8Proprietary

WDM-PON as a FTTH Solution

Avoid Inventory Problem

– Wavelength Tunable

– Colorless

Reduce Optical `Cost

– 전용선 (Premium Users): Less than $[VDSL] x 10

– Public Users: Less than $[VDSL] x 5

– All-Passive Packaging

Make Reliable to Environmental Changes

9Proprietary

WDM-PON Requirements (Example)

항 목 기준값

채널수 32

채널당 전송속도 1.25Gbps (1000BASE-X)

채널당 출력 광세기 0 dBm

광선로 손실 7 dB

최대 색분산 17 ps/nm

전송거리 20 Km

채널당 입력 광세기 -25 dBm

광전송 성능 감시(파장제어)

0.01 nm/min 파장 변화율을 1 %의 오차 이내 추적

항 목 온 도 (°C)

OLT 0 ~ 60

RN 맨홀 -20 ~ 70

RN 외기 -30 ~ 60

ONT 실내 0 ~ 60

ONT 실외 -20 ~ 60

10Proprietary

WDM-PON Types

C-band EDFA

L-band EDFA

FP-LD

PD

필터 FP-LD

PDPD

필터

가입자

Central Office

Injection Locking 방식

PLC-ECL

PD

필터 PLC-ECL

PDPD

필터

가입자Central Office

T-PON with PLC-ECL

CW-RSOA 방식R-PON with RSOACentral Office

DFB-LD

DFB-LD

DFB-LD

DFB-LD

1310 nm 대역

1550 nm 대역

필터필터

R-SOAPD

필터 R-SOAPD

필터

가입자Central Office

SMLPD

R-SOAPD

11Proprietary

TT--PON with PLCPON with PLC--ECLECL

12Proprietary

FBGFBG--ECL, WBGECL, WBG--ECL (all active alignment)ECL (all active alignment)gain medium (R-LD)waveguidelight

output

Bragg-grating

ECL with fiber Bragg grating

CL5

.60

10.0

0

8.90

12.7

0

30.00 20.83

26.00

1.00

1.00

2.54x6=15.24

PIN : 7- 0.5 x 0.25

R0.65(Glass sealing)

8. L

D(+

)

9. L

D(-,

)

10. C

ase

GN

D

11. N

/C

12. N

/C

13. N

/C

14. N

/C

7. M

-PD

(+)

6. M

-PD

(-)

5. C

ase

GN

D

4. T

herm

istor

3. T

herm

isto

r

2. T

EC(+

)

1. T

EC(-)

WBG

Protector

Optical fiber

LD

TEC

CL5

.60

10.0

0

8.90

12.7

0

30.00 20.83

26.00

1.00

1.00

2.54x6=15.24

PIN : 7- 0.5 x 0.25

R0.65(Glass sealing)

8. L

D(+

)

9. L

D(-,

)

10. C

ase

GN

D

11. N

/C

12. N

/C

13. N

/C

14. N

/C

7. M

-PD

(+)

6. M

-PD

(-)

5. C

ase

GN

D

4. T

herm

istor

3. T

herm

isto

r

2. T

EC(+

)

1. T

EC(-)

WBG

Protector

Optical fiber

LD

TEC

ECL with Waveguide Bragg Grating

13Proprietary

FBGFBG--ECLECL

622Mbps, after SMF 20km transmission

BTB20 kmBTB(w/ AWG)20 km(w/ AWG)

14Proprietary

WBGWBG--ECLECL

1540 1542 1544 1546 1548 1550 1552 1554 1556 1558-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

Out

put P

ower

(dBm

)

Wavelength (nm)

BTB20 km

1.25Gbps, after SMF 20km transmission

15Proprietary

Tunable PLCTunable PLC--ECL: motivationsECL: motivations

Current tunable source Tunable PLC-ECL

structure SG-DBR, DFB-array, …

Agility, New focus,…

$5000 ~ $10000

Full C-band, C+L band

0 ~ 13 dBm

1 ~ 25 MHz

30 ~ 45 dB

~ msec

included

all active alignment

external modulation

> 100 km

tunable Bragg grating

players none

cost < uncooled DFB-LD

tuning range 200GHz, 16ch (26 nm)

output power -3 ~ 0 dBm

Linewidth -

SMSR > 30 dB

tuning speed ~ msec

λ-locking none

packaging all passive alignment

modulation 2.5Gbps direct modulationtransmission

distance< 20 km

DFB-LD spec + λ-tunablity

Over-spec. for access networks lower spec. with lower price

16Proprietary

PLCPLC--ECL Key featuresECL Key features

Waveguide structuresuper high index contrast∆=1.5%, 4.5 x 4.5um, polymer material

Thermally tunable Bragg gratingdn/dT ~ -1.8x10-4/K∆T=200 deg, ∆λtuning~30nm

Spot-size converter LD far-field angle < 15 deg.

Package

All passive alignmentLD: flip-chip bondingfiber: V-groove integratedstandard 14-pin butterfly package

Chip dimension W x H = 5 x 10 mm2

17Proprietary

PLCPLC--ECL Mask LayoutECL Mask Layout

SSC-LD

LD section SSC section

18Proprietary

PLCPLC--ECL Mask DrawingECL Mask Drawing

~ 84 chips

on 4-inch Si wafer

19Proprietary

PLCPLC--ECL 14ECL 14--pin BTF package Samplepin BTF package Sample

PLC-ECL chip 사진 (LD집적)

20Proprietary

PLCPLC--ECL ECL 특성특성 -- 파장파장 가변가변

1546 1548 1550 1552 1554 1556 1558

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

optic

al p

ower

[dB

m]

wavelength [nm]

#9-13

single-mode lasingoutput power > -5 dBmSMSR > 30 dB파장 가변 ~ 14 nm

21Proprietary

PLCPLC--ECL ECL 특성특성 -- 1.25Gbps, 20km 1.25Gbps, 20km 전송전송

back-to-back

20km

22Proprietary

PLCPLC--ECL ECL 특성특성 -- 파장별파장별 전송전송 (1.25Gbps)(1.25Gbps)

#9-13

After 20 km1557.24 nm

1558.15 nm

Device temperature: 13.1 oC

Bias : 60 mAER : about 8 dB

23Proprietary

Technical Issues in PLCTechnical Issues in PLC--ECLECL

Issues Current Methods Main problems

1. Two-beam Interfere

2. Phase Mask

Difficult to write grating in the predetermined area according to design

Writing time is too long

Wide Tunability

Single WBG for 26 nm Tuning

Thermal stability of polymer and metal heater

1. Parallel or serially connected WBG’s

2. Dual heaters3. Thermal blocking layer

Low-costPackage

14-pin ButterflyPrice: 50~60$/Butterfly Case(too high cost)

1. mini-DIL package2. Plastic butterfly package3. Other types of package

ebeam Writing

Very good spot-size converter must be integrated with LD.Far field angle < 15 deg.(Chip cost is higher than DFB-LD)

End Butt Coupling

1. Master phase-mask2. nano-imprinting method3. Higher order grating

Our solutions

Bragg grating

LD Coupling

Etched facet LD(SSC-LD far-field angle ~ 20 deg)

24Proprietary

Improvements

0ne-piece chip ( 5 mm x10 mm )

평판형 도파로와의 효율적인 광결합 방식을 이용한 SSC-LD far-field angle 조건 완화(SSC-LD 수율 향상, far-field angle:12.5 20 deg.]

optical tap coupler를 이용한 출력 파워 monitoring기능 포함

양산화 에 용이한 저가의 WBG 제작

광섬유와 광결합하는 영역의 평판형 도파로에 SSC 공정을 도입(all passive 정렬 방식 사용)

PLCPLC--ECL ImprovementsECL Improvements

Bragg-grating

laser diode

monitor PD

optical fiber

Si substrate

heater

25Proprietary

RR--PON with RSOAPON with RSOA

26Proprietary

Amplitude SqueezingAmplitude Squeezing

SaturationInput power

INPUT POWER (dBm)

OU

PU

T P

OW

ER

(dB

m)

RSOA로 입력된하향 신호

RSOA의 saturated gain을통과한 뒤의 하향 신호

Modulation with upstream data

상향 신호로변조된 RSOA 출력

0 1 0 1 0

Eye Diagrams 하향

상향

-13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Opt

ical

gai

n (d

B)

RSOA output power (dBm)

27Proprietary

RSOA RSOA 전송전송 실험실험 SetupSetup

DFB-LD(Nortel) RSOA

RECEIVER

SMF 20 km

PPG (Adventest)

BERT (Anritsu)

DCA : Digital Communication AnalyzerPPG : Pulse Pattern GeneratorBERT : Bit Error Rate Tester

1.25 1.25 Gb/sGb/sNRZNRZ

DCA

100 GHz spacing AWG

Driving Amp.(JDS Uniphase,

VM10EMD)

PPG (Anritsu)

Current = 60 mA70 mA80 mA90 mA

λ= 1550 nm

2.5 Gb/s1.25 Gb/s

NRZ

28Proprietary

RSOA RSOA 실험실험 결과결과 -- BER (BTB)BER (BTB)

CW3 dB4 dB5 dB

downstreanextinction ratio

CW3 dB4 dB5 dB

with 1.25 Gbps downstream

@@Pin=Pin=--10 dBm, BTB10 dBm, BTB

with 2.5 Gbps downstream

downstreanextinction ratio

29Proprietary

RSOA RSOA 실험실험 결과결과 -- BER (20km)BER (20km)

CW3 dB4 dB5 dB

CW3 dB4 dB5 dB

@@Pin=Pin=--10 dBm, SMF 20 km 10 dBm, SMF 20 km

downstreanextinction ratio

with 1.25 Gbps downstream with 2.5 Gbps downstream

downstreanextinction ratio

30Proprietary

Improvements

0ne-piece BiDi chip ( 5 mm x10 mm )

SSC-RSOA 사용

온도 특성: 0 ~ 60 oC

편광특성: 1 dB 이하

광섬유와 광결합하는 영역의 평판형 도파로에 SSC 공정을 도입(all passive 정렬 방식 사용)

PLCPLC--RSOA ImprovementsRSOA Improvements

RSOA

monitor PD

optical fiber

Si substrate

data PD결합렌즈

RSOA chip

31Proprietary

Comparison with NTTComparison with NTT

쭈꾸바쭈꾸바 2003. 11. 2003. 11.

32Proprietary

UCL (TOUCL (TO--CAN with TEC)CAN with TEC)

33Proprietary

UCL StructureUCL Structure

열원:0.2x1.0x300um stripe(발열량 30mW)

LD chip : InP, 100x400x300umHeat sink : AlN, 250x700x400um

header : steel, 1000x1500x1400um

stem : steel, Dia. 5600umx1200um

정면확대

TO-56

Heat sink : Al, 3 x 50 x 50mm

Bracket : Al, 7 x 7x 10mmwith dia 5.6mm hole

후면축소

TEC 상하판 : Al2O3, 1x12x15mm

열원:0.2x1.0x300um stripe(발열량 30mW)

LD chip : InP, 100x400x300umHeat sink : AlN, 250x700x400um

header : steel, 1000x1500x1400um

stem : steel, Dia. 5600umx1200um

정면확대

TO-56

Heat sink : Al, 3 x 50 x 50mm

Bracket : Al, 7 x 7x 10mmwith dia 5.6mm hole

후면축소

TEC 상하판 : Al2O3, 1x12x15mm

34Proprietary

UCLUCL λλ Stability on Temperature ChangeStability on Temperature Change

C-band UCL 광원의 온도에 따른 중심 파장 변화

-20 0 20 40 601542.4

1542.8

1543.2

1543.6

1544.0

1544.4

1544.8

1545.2

1545.6

1546.0

1546.4

1546.8

0.8nm

ch_3=1546.12nm

ch_2=1544.53nm

wav

elen

gth

[nm

]

temperature[oC]

0.8nm

ch_1=1542.94nm

sample#2_c-bandsample#3_c-band

sample#1_c-band

sample#4_c-bandsample#5_c-bandsample#6_c-band

UCL Power Stability on Temperature ChangeUCL Power Stability on Temperature Change

C-band UCL 광원의 온도에 따른 출력 광파워 변화

36Proprietary

UCL UCL 전송전송 특성특성 -- BERBER

BER Plot @ 25°C actual temperature

Set temp: 25°CSet temp: 30°CSet temp: 35°CSet temp: 40°C

37Proprietary

WDMWDM--PON Demo Setup (2004. 12. 13)PON Demo Setup (2004. 12. 13)

CMB Cable TV

Video Camera

L2/L3 Switch

WDM MUX & DeMUX

PLC-ECL

RSOAOLT OTRx

WDM Link OAM

20 km 상향/하향

PLC-ECL

PLC-ECL Subscriber

RSOA Subscriber

1.25 Gbps

1.25 Gbps

Central OfficeUser Premises

ONUs

WDM MUX & DeMUX

38Proprietary

Automatic Wavelength AlignmentAutomatic Wavelength Alignment

RN @ MDF

20km

Rx

Tx

WDM MUX/DMX

ONT

MPU

1542.14nm

1543.73nm

1545.32nm

Tx

Tx

Tx

1542.14nm

1543.73nm

1545.32nm

Rx

Rx

Rx

MPU

OLT

Tracking

Monitoring Tracking

Monitoring

20km

39Proprietary

WDM/SCMWDM/SCM--PONPON

40Proprietary

WDM/SCMWDM/SCM--PON StructurePON Structure

COCO

LDLD

ArrayArray

••

PDPD

ArrayArray

••

100M•••

CATV

VoIP

VoD

•••

STxSTx

••

STxSTx••

SRxSRx

••

SRxSRx

••

•••

PDPD

LDLD

ONTONT

STRx

STRx

•••

IDFIDF

•••

10

STxSTx: SCM : SCM TxTx

SRxSRx: SCM Rx32 x 1.25Gbps WDM10 SCM channels per wavelength100 Mbps / SCM channel20 Km transmission distance1000 users on 4 fibers

: SCM Rx

41Proprietary

SCM SCM TRxTRx

1450

SAW

Detector

Detector

SAW

IF BPF

IF BPF

305MHz

PLL TunablePLL

305MHz 1000~ MHz

SCMModem

LD

PD

1000 1450MHz~

SMF 20km

SMF 20km

30MHz BW / SCM 채널50MHz BW include guard band / SCM 채널10 SCM 채널 전송 소요 대역폭 500MHz (50MHz × 10 채널)Tunable SCM carrier generation 600 ~ 1200 MHz송수신 SCM 신호 모니터링 기능

42Proprietary

OBI (Optical Beat Interference)OBI (Optical Beat Interference)

Photo detector

Receiver N

Signal 1 Signal 2Optical power

spectrum

Frequency

vδ

FWHMv∆ FWHMv∆

1 2v v vδ = −2OBI FWHMv v∆ = ⋅∆

OBIv∆

Electrical power

spectrum

……

Frequency

OBISCM signal vδ

DC

Mod.

LD1 f1

1 : NSplitter

ONT

1

2

N

OLT

PD

OBIMod.

f2LD2

Σ

difference freq. source optical :δν

[ ]44 344 21321321noise OBI

21

2signal SCM

22

1signal SCM

21

221

)()(Re2)()(

)()()(~)(

tEtEtEtE

tEtEtPti input

∗

−−

++=

+=

43Proprietary

OBI Reduction by Spectral BroadeningOBI Reduction by Spectral Broadening

δλOptical power

spectrum

1λ Frequency2λ

1f Mf

Electrical power spectrum

…

Frequency

δλ

OBISCM signal

……

Photo detector

Linewidth of 100GHz

BPSK QPSK

16QAM

64QAM

BPSK QPSK

16QAM

64QAM

Linewidth of 2600GHz

(a) (b)Maximum number of subscribers versus a range of linewidths (a) from 0 to 300GHz (b) from 0 to 3000GHz@ modulation index / subscribers = 100%

44Proprietary

OBI Reduction by Wavelength SeparationOBI Reduction by Wavelength Separation

δλOptical power

spectrum

1λFrequency

2λ

1f Mf

Electrical power

spectrum

…Frequency

OBISCM signal

δλ

Photo detector

BPSK QPSK

16QAM

64QAM

Limited by passband of 100GHzBPSK QPSK

16QAM

64QAM

Limited by passband of 2600GHz

(a) (b)Maximum number of subscribers versus wavelength differences of any two lasers in the network (a) from 0 to 20GHz (b) from 0 to 500GHz @ modulation index = 20%

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Spectral Broadening Wavelength SeparationDWDM

(100GHz passband)

4.7

CWDM(20nm passband)

DWDM(100GHz passband)

CWDM(20nm passband)

21.4

2.9 12.1

< 2 7.2

15.7 22.3

9.6 12.2

5.8 6.8

BPSK/QPSK

16QAM

64QAM

Mod.Formats

Comparison of OBI Reduction SchemesComparison of OBI Reduction Schemes

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WDM/SCM Demo SetupWDM/SCM Demo Setup

SCM OLT

SCM 채널모니터링

SCM 스펙트럼모니터링

광 스펙트럼모니터링

CMB Cable TVOLTONTs

100 Mbps

SCM 가입자

WDM-PON x 10 채널SCM 채널 당 100Mbps 속도

20 Km

WDM MUX/DMX

SPLITTER

X 10

1.25Gbps

100Mbps

47Proprietary

SUMMARY SUMMARY

T-PON (Tunable WDM-PON)– Planar Lightwave Circuit – External Cavity Laser– 16nm Wide Range Tunable (to be improved to 26nm @ 2005)– 파장가변 DWDM 광모듈을 초저가화– 20% yield (to be improved to 30% yield @ 2005)

R-PON (Reflective WDM-PON)– Reflective Semiconductor Optical AMP– Simplest Transmission Algorithm using Modulated Optical Signal

UCL (Utility Cooled Laser)– Low-cost DWDM Optical Source Module– Good for FTTP due to Inventory Problem

WDM/SCM-PON – A Practical OBI Solution Employed– 10 SCM Channels per Wavelength (100Mbps/user) – A Good Candidate for 100Mbps-per-user Market

48Proprietary

ConclusionConclusion

시장성숙초기시장

DOCSIS: data over cable service interface specifications

Still Enough Time toStill Enough Time toDevelop better technologiesDevelop better technologiesPut as many technologies into competition as possiblePut as many technologies into competition as possible