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위식도역류질환의 치료 성균관대학교 의과대학 내과 이준행

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Page 1: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

위식도역류질환의 치료

성균관대학교 의과대학 내과 이준행

Page 2: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

위식도역류질환의 치료 (update)

• 비약물요법

• 산분비억제

• 장기유지요법

• Refractory GERD

• 수술

• 기타

Page 3: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

비약물요법

성균관대학교 의과대학 내과 이준행

Page 4: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Postprandial acid pocket

pH 4.7

pH 1.6

Fletcher & McColl (Glasgow). Gastroenterology 2001:121:775-783

Page 5: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Clarke & McColl (Glasgow). Gut 2009;58:904-9

In healthy subject

fasting 3 min

17 min 43.5 min

47.5 min 73.5 min

Page 6: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Beaumont. Gut 2010;59:441-451

Location of acid pocket matters. = HH matters.

70-85% of TLESRs were accompanied by acid reflux.

7-20% of TLESRs were accompanied by acid reflux.

diaphragm

Page 7: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

작지만 고정되어 있는 hiatal hernia

B-ring

A-ring

Diaphragmatic orfice

Squamocolumnar junction = B-ring

Hernia sac

Diaphragmatic orfice

Ampulla

Page 8: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Bredenoor. Gastroenterology 2006;130:334-340

Hiatal hernia는 analog입니다.

Page 9: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Hiatal hernia와 obesity의 관계는?

박무인. GERD academy 2강

Page 10: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

우리가 할 수 있는 것은 무엇인가?- Conceptual model

Gut 2014;63:1185–1193

Page 11: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

먹지 말라는 것이 너무 많아서…

Page 12: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고
Page 13: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

산분비억제와 장기유지요법

성균관대학교 의과대학 내과 이준행

Page 14: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Why PPI is superior to H2RA?

Bell. Gut 1992;33118-124

• Factors for successful acid suppression– Degree of acid suppression (pH < 4)

– Time of acid suppression during 24 hours

– Duration of treatment

Duration intragastric pH>4 (hours)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

0

20

40

60

80

100

Patients healed after 8 weeks (%)

Page 15: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Rapid tolerance of H2RA

Lachman. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:57-61

Page 16: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Need for long-term maintenance of GERD

• 이상하게 약을 끊으면 또 아프다

고 하시는데... 전혀 이상한 것이

아니고 원래 그런 것입니다.

• 이 병은 치료하는 병이 아니고 관

리하는 병입니다. 당뇨병이 치료

되는 것이 아닌 것처럼, 고혈압이

치료되지 않는 것처럼 이 병도 치

료가 목표가 아닙니다.

• 잘 관리하여 증상이 없이 삶의 질

이 좋은 상태로 잘 사는 것이 목

표입니다.

• 장기간 유지요법이 필요합니다.

Page 17: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

On demand therapy- 우리나라 정서에 맞지 않는 치료입니다.

• The recurrence of your determining symptom

at a level which you judge as incompatible

with your well-being should lead to the start

of the treatment.

• The disappearance of this symptom for 48 h

should lead to discontinuation of the

treatment.

Bour B. APT 2005;21:805

Page 18: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Treatment goals of GERD

• Relief of symptom(s): the most important

goal

• Healing of esophagitis

• Prevention of complication

• Prevention of recurrence

Page 19: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Bour B. APT 2005;21:805

♠ On-demand therapy with rabeprazole 10 mg provides an alternative to

continuous therapy in patients with mild to moderate gastro-esophageal

reflux disease suffering from frequent symptomatic relapses

On demand 치료받는 환자는 일주일에 1-3회 정도의 half dose PPI를 사용한다

Page 20: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Threshold therapy는 무엇인가?

• For 'threshold' therapy, patients gradually increase the

interval between medications (for example, to every

second or third day) as long as symptoms do not recur.

• The patient titrates the medication down to a

frequency that still maintains adequate control of

symptoms.

• This is different from on-demand therapy where each

time the patient waits for recurrence of symptoms.

Zancy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;21:1299-312

Page 21: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Threshold therapy의 응용

http://endotoday.com

Page 22: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Refractory GERD

성균관대학교 의과대학 내과 이준행

Page 23: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Management of refractory GERD

Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2013;27:401-414

Esophagography(personal choice)

Page 24: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

5년 전부터 dysphagia와 체중감소 (M/45)- 동일 증상으로 역류성 식도염으로 듣고 치료받았으나 호전 없었음.

Page 25: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

pH monitoring pH-Impedance

Gastroenterol Clin N Am 2014;43:89–104

Page 26: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

pH-impedance monitoring allows identification of subgroups of patients with symptoms that are suspected to be caused by reflux

Gut 2014;63:1185–1193

Page 27: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Approach based on phenotype

• Phenotype 1 은 가장 깔끔한 경우로 pathological reflux가 있고

symptom association도 있으므로 추가적인 더 강력한 위산분비억제

제 또는 다른 antireflux treatment로 효과를 기대할 수 있습니다.

• Phenotype 4 경우 physiological reflux가 있고 symptom

association은 없는 경우로 GERD를 배제할 수 있고 증상 종류에 따

라 functional heartburn / chest pain 이라고 할 수 있습니다. 이 경

우 antireflux treatment는 효과적이지 않을 것이라고 예상할 수 있

습니다.

자료 제공: 민양원 교수님

Page 28: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Approach based on phenotype

• Phenotype 2는 다소 어렵습니다. Physiological reflux이지만

symptom association이 있는 경우로 esophageal hypersensitivity가

증상 발생에 관여하면서 PPI 치료 효과가 떨어지는 것이므로,

evidence는 높지 않지만 low dose TCA나 SSRI 같은 perception

modulator 사용을 고려해 볼 수 있겠습니다.

• Phenotype 3이 가장 문제입니다. Pathological reflux가 있으나

symptom association는 없는 경우로, technically GERD라고 할 수

있겠으나 anti-reflux treatment의 효과는 크지 않을 것입니다. 하지

만 SI의 sensitivity가 높지 않은 점을 고려했을 때 phenotype 1과 같

이 더 강력한 위산분비억제제를 시도해 볼 수 있을 것 같습니다.

자료 제공: 민양원 교수님

Page 29: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Disease spectrum

Acid exposure

Visceral Hypersensitivity

Erosiveesophagitis

NERD Acidsensitiveesophagus

FunctionalHeartburn

Page 30: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Diazepam 드시고 좋아졌다.

Page 31: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

약을 끊었더니 좋아졌다.

Page 32: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

P-CAB (Tegoprazan, K-CAB)

성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 소화기내과 이준행

Page 33: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

PPIs P-CAB

• Conversion to a reactive form

• Irreversible binding to the

external surface of acid pump

• Need to stimulate proton pump

• Directly binds to K+ Binding domain

at resting and stimulated state

• Reversible binding

• No need to stimulate proton pump

Page 34: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

분류 P-CABs PPIs

Drug Tegoprazan Revaprazan Vonoprazan Esomeprazole Dexlansoprazole Rabeprazole

Chemical Structure

Formula (MW)

C20H19F2N3O3 (387.38) C22H23FN4 (362.44) C17H16FN3O3SC4H4O4 (461.46) C17H19N3O3S (345.41) C16H14F3N3O2S (369.363) C18H21N3O3S (359.444)

DerivativesBenzimidazole

CarboxamidePyrimidine Sulfonyl Pyrrole Sulfinyl Benzimidazole

Chemical Name

(S)-(-)-4-[5, 7-Difluoro-3, 4-

dihydro-2H-chromen-4-

yl)oxy]-N,N,2-trimethyl-1H-

benzimidazole-6-carboxamide

N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-

dimethyl-6-[(1RS)-1-methyl-

3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-

yl]pyrimidin-2-amine

1-[5-(2-Fluorophenyl)-1-

[(pyridin-3-yl)sulfonyl]-1H-

pyrrol-3-yl]-N-

methylmethanamine

(S)-5-Methoxy-2-[(4-methoxy-

3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-

yl)methylsulfinyl]-3H-

benzimidazole

(R)-(+)2-([3-methyl-4-

(2,2,2-

trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-

yl]methylsulfinyl)-1H-

benzo[d]imidazole

(RS)-2-([4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-

3-methylpyridin-2-

yl]methylsulfinyl)-1H-

benzo[d]imidazole

pKa 5.2 6.68 9.37 4.06 3.83 4.53

Tmax* 1.25h (0.5-4.0h) 1.4~2.2h 1.5h (0.75~3 h) 1.6h 4~5h 3.5h

Half life* 3.7~7.1h 14.8~26h 6.1~7h 1~1.5h 1~2h 1~1.5h

IndicationsNDA (EE, NERD),

P3 (GU, HP)GU, DU EE, GU,DU, HP EE, NERD, GU,DU, HP EE, NERD

EE, NERD, GU, DU,

HP

* Phase 1 clinical study report/FDA Label (Healthy subjects, Multiple dosing)** EE: Erosive Esophagitis, NERD: Non-Erosive Reflux Disease, GU: Gastric Ulcer, DU: Duodenal Ulcer, HP: eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

Tegoprazan and other P-CAB and PPIs

Page 35: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Benefits of P-CAB compared to PPI

• More potent acid suppression

• More rapid acid inhibition

• Better NAB control

• Less dependent on CYP2C19

• No food effect

• Optimal for H. pylori eradication

Page 36: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

1. More potent acid suppression

Shin et al. KDDW 2017

Page 37: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

2. More rapid acid inhibition

Day 1. Fast onset (within 0.5~1h ) Day 7. Fast onset (within 0.5~1h )

TEGOPRAZAN 50 mg

Day 1 54.5%

Day 7 68.2%

Greater acid-inhibitory effect in H. pylori (-) (Mean % time of pH 4)

Faster onset of acid-inhibitory effect

TEGOPRAZAN 50 mg

Day 1 Within 1 hour

Day 7 Within 1 hour

(Time to pH 4)

Ref. Clinical study report of [CJ_APA_108] study

Page 38: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

3. NAB control

PPI

Time after dosing (hr) at Day 7

7

6

5

4

3

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

2

1

Intr

agas

tric

pH

PPI

Ref. Modified illustration from Am J Gastroenterol 1998; 93: 763

▪ Nocturnal Acid Breakthrough (NAB): >1 hr with pH<4

▪ Does not necessarily denote a temporal relationship with symptom

▪ Can deteriorate symptom and progress of GERD

▪ PPIs can’t control NAB properly due to MOA & properties

▪ NAB control of Tegoprazan

Tegoprazan: NAB control (morning dose)Nocturnal Acid Breakthrough (NAB) vs.

12:00~4:00 am

Page 39: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

4. Less dependent on CYP2C19

• PPIs are strong inhibitors of CYP2C19.

– Individual variation by CYP2C19 polymorphism.

– Drug-drug interaction especially for clopidogrel.

• Dominant pathway of tegoprazan is CYP3A4

(75%).

Page 40: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

5. No food effect▪ No food effect on systemic exposures (AUC)

▪ No food effect on PD

5.41 5.71

74.4 85.7

71.1

1) Arithmetic Mean

Ref. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol 64:3 386–390.

- 9.8%

- 39.8%

Tegoprazan 200 mg

Esomeprazole 40 mg*

Ref. Clinical study report of [CJ_APA_102] study

Page 41: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

6. > pH 6 by Tegoprazan qd and bid- Optimal for H. pylori eradication

Clinical study report of [CJ_APA_107] study

Tegoprazan 50mg qd Tegoprazan 50mg bidwith clarithromycin and amoxicillin

Page 42: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

새롭고 강력한 위산분비억제제 P-CAB은GERD 환자에서 어떠한 역할을 할 수 있을까?

6 1

25

4 3

Delayed onset

Poor control of NAB

Poor compliancedue to food effect

Enteric coating& Alu/Alu package

Poor PD for H. pylori eradication

High potential of DDIHigh individual variations PPIs

Major unmet needs of PPIs

Page 43: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

P-CAB (Tegoprazan, K-CAB)

6 1

25

4 3

Fast onset

On demand control of NAB

No food effect

Simple formulation& package

Low potential of DDILow individual variations

Optimal PD for H.pylori eradication

K-CABTegoprazan

Page 44: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Tegoprazan (K-CAB) for EE

Page 45: 위식도역류질환의치료 - endotoday.comendotoday.com/endotoday/20181124.pdf · Approach based on phenotype • Phenotype 1 은가장깔끔한경우로pathological reflux가있고

Tegoprazan (K-CAB) for EE

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Tegoprazan (K-CAB) for EE

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Tegoprazan (K-CAB) for EE

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Tegoprazan (K-CAB) for NERD

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Tegoprazan (K-CAB) for NERD

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Tegoprazan safety profile

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간독성 등으로 개발이 중단된 약제들- Chemocal class effect of imidazopyridine

• 기존 개발 진행 중에 중단되었던 P-CAB중에 일

부 물질들이 공통적으로 가지고 있던 구조가

"imidazopyridine"으로서 imidazopyridine이 간

독성을 유발하는 chemical class effect를 갖고

있음

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Tegoprazan safety profile

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강력한 산분비 억제에 따른 hyper-gastrinemia의 영향에 대한 장기 관찰 필요

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수술 및 기타

성균관대학교 의과대학 내과 이준행

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Laparoscopic treatment of GERD- Lotus trial final results

Galmiche. JAMA 2011;305:1969-77

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외과 의사 주도의 GERD academy

2018-2-24

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Stretta

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Stretta 적응증과 금기증- 그러나 아직은 너무 비싸고 효과가 불명확하다.

• 적응증: PPI를 유지할 수 없는 GERD 환자

– Non-responder to PPIs: non-acid reflux, poor responder despite high dose PPIs,

GERD with LPR, extraesophagal symptoms

– Intolerant to PPIs: severe adverse reaction to PPIs

– Refractory GERD: recurrent disease after quitting PPIs

– Candidate to surgery

• 금기증

– age < 18 years

– pregnant women

– patients without diagnosis og GERD

– large hiatal hernia more than 3 cm

– achalasia or incomplete LES relaxation

– poor surgical candidate

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집으로 가져가는 메세지

• 생활습관개선을 지나치게 강조하면 오히려 환자의 삶의

질이 저하될 수 있습니다. 그러나 체중은 줄여야 합니다.

• 전형적 GERD 환자의 초치료는 하향식 접근법에 따른 표

준용량 PPI 1일 1회 투여가 권장됩니다. H2RA의 role은

거의 없습니다. P-CAB 계열 신약이 도입될 예정입니다.

• 장기 유지요법이 필요합니다. 질병의 치유보다 적절한

관리를 강조할 필요가 있습니다.