스마트시티 공간정보 서비스 지원을 위한 bim-gis 객체 맵핑 표준

도시 서비스 개발을 위한 BIM-GIS 통합 표준 기술 개발

강태욱 , 최현상한국건설기술연구원 ICT 융합연구소[email protected]

https://sites.google.com/site/bimprinciple

KSCE 2016 CONVENTION

This research was supported by a grant from the Strategic Research Project (Development of Inte-grated Operation Technology on Construction Information & Spatial Information based on BIM/GIS Interoperation Platform, Development of BIM/GIS Interoperability Open-Platform in 2016) funded by the Korea Institute of Construction Technology.

KICT

Specialty – Civil Engineering, Software Engineering

Experiences• Writing book Smart Home, CIR publication (2016) Smart Building, CIR publication (2015) IFMA, BIM for FACILITY MANAGERS, Translator (2014.5) Architectural collaborative design, Author (2014.2) Civil BIM, Author (2013.11) BIM interoperability and platform, Author (2013.1) BIM principle, Author (2011.6)

• Research BIM on GIS (Part 1 and 2) Research, KICT (Current) Point cloud-based architectural MEP object reverse engineering research, KICT(Current) BIM-based railway system planning project, MLIT (2013) VDC support system development planning Project, KICT (2013) World best software BIM modeler and check development, Ministry of Knowledge Economy (2012)

Tae Wook, Kang Ph.D, Senior Research, ICT Lab, KICT (Current) https://sites.google.com/site/bimprinciple/

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BIM-GIS integration project overview

Part 2013 2014 2015 2016Application Use-cases and scenario

ex – O&M Develop itex – FM, BEMS …

Validate it Improve it

SW Platform Interoperability Support Platform Design be-tween BIM and GIS

Develop itOpen API. Linkage.Mapping Rule

Validate it using the pilot project

Improve it

Standard File IFC4 analyze and Infra-BIM IFC design

Infra IFC draft version, Converting Tool

Infra-BIM IFC com-pletion

Infra-BIM IFC Stan-dardization

Policy system IPDish design IPD guideline develop-ment

IPDish validation Collaboration System like IPD Suggestions for Public Sector

Survey the technology and the solution

Research and Development

R&D Results Validation and Feedback

Commercialization and Standardization

-B2GM is related to BIM on GIS platform research project-Developing BIM on GIS platform which has interoperability, application including various use-cases, standard/policy platform. Fund 8 M $ for 5 years (2012 – 2016). KICT with private sector (GAIA 3D, Seokyoung Systems…)

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KSCE, 2015, The Development direction for a VDC support system based BIM

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GIS-BIM Object Vi-sualization

GIS-BIM Data Inte-gration GIS-BIM Data Mining Context-based Ap-

plication

•BIM Modeling•IFC Parsing / Converter•LandXML converter•CityGML converter•LOD generator•Spatial Indexing

•Integrated query Lan-guage•Object Mapping Ruleset•LOD Mapping•Data View Definition•Coordination Mapping•Topology Linkage•CityGML-BIM Extension •Sensor / Actuator Node Management•Open API with Security

•Data Analysis (ex – Trend, Decision Tree, Classification etc)•BIM Cube (Data Mining Method based on BIM-GIS)•Data Quality Validation•Data Mining Language

•Smart city service•Semantic Query and Analysis•Model View Definition for Application - MBP Layers (Model + Business Logic + Presentation Layer)•Context-based Presen-tation

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f(x)

bxayxf :)(

Use case & scenario

SELECT * FROM Alignment, Building WHERE

Buffer(Alignment, Building, ‘1km’) AND Building.Pset(‘FM’).PCI < ‘50%’

ORDERBY Building.Pset(‘FM’).PCI

BIMGIS

SELECT * FROM Building, Pipe WHERE Overlap(Pipe, Building, ‘1m’) AND Building.Pset(‘FM’).Owner = ‘LH’ …

Fig. IFC (htt p://www.iai-tech.org/)

IfcP roject – Activity to make product IfcP rocess – Process and activity in projectIfcResource – Used resource object definition in processIfcActor – Human resource definition in processIfcP roduct – Physical representation objectIfcControl – Control objectIfcGroup – Object set

Kernel

3개기본 확장패키지5개AEC/FM 공통패키지AEC/FM 도메인별 9개의패키지26개의 리소스패키지

IFC2x3

Building Oriented Format

IFC4GIS CRSNURBS…

butHeavyComplexAmbiguous

•Developed by OGC•Open 3D urban object model for interoperability(ISO TC211)•Shape, material, feature information support•Focusing city Infrastructure object model•Model abstraction support(LOD)Version 2.0

CityGML

GIS Oriented Format

LODFeatures

But Detailed BuildingInformation?

Parameter set

Civil engineering object

Detailed object information related to civil engineering

ex - superelevation

LandXML

Civil Engineering Oriented Format


GIS Topology Element?

GIS BIM

Dataset

Data set

Link

User

KPI

PD

Data mining cube

Example for smart city service based on 3D spatial information

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Use case & scenario

+Integration

Data Mining / Analysis

Smart city Dashboard

IoT Big Data processing considering reliability

KPI matrix data ming / analysis

IoT / BAS nodes

Energy Operation Effectiveness Maximization

KPI management using dashboard

f(x)

bxayxf :)(

Association analysis

Basic statistics analysis

Prediction Analysis…

Effective decision making support

In the future, when energy consumption will be over the criteria?Expected energy usage in next year?

BIM-GIS

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Use case & scenario

Owner FM

OfficeWork Site

FM Documents

ArchiveMIS

(Management Information System)

1. Defect Confirmed2. Request Maintenance

3. Verify defect (2)4. Check construction/ma-intenance history (3) 5. Check location/structure/history of

the construction/maintenance (using blueprints) (2)

6. Draft work plans

FM Subcontractors7. Request cost estimation

11. Deliver cost estimation

12. Examine cost estimation

13. Request operation commencement approval

14. Send approval

15. Request company-contracted work

8. Perform site verification of the company (2)16. Perform maintenance18. Submit product and

results before and after maintenance

17. Check status before and after maintenance

22. Request expense sanction

19. Confirm the results of maintenance on site

23. Approve payment and register the historical record

20. Renew blueprints, documents, and historical records

DB DB

24. Send notification of maintenance result

21. Request payment

9. Request site operation related data (2)

10. Deliver relevant data (2)

25. Authorize payment

RequestPlace / System

DataAcquisitionRepetitive Work (Minimum Repetitive Number)

User

Worker

Facility Manager

Administrative Manager

Archive Manager

Actor Self-execution

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Use case & scenario

BIM-based FM

Work Site

MIS (Management

Information System)

1. Defect Confirmed2. Request Maintenance

3. Verify defect

4. Check construction/maintenance history using BIM-based FM system5. Check location/structure/history of the construction/maintenance6. Draft work plans

FM Subcontractors7. Request cost estimation

11. Deliver cost estimation

12. Examine cost estimation

13. Request operation commencement approval 14. Send approval

15. Request company-contracted work

8. Perform site verification of the company16. Perform maintenance

18. Submit product and results before and after maintenance

17. Check status before and after maintenance

22. Request expense sanction

19. Confirm the results of maintenance on site

23. Approve payment and register the historical record

20. Renew blueprints, documents, and historical records

DB

24. Send notification of maintenance result

21. Request payment

9. Request site operation related data

10. Deliver relevant data

25. Authorize payment

User

WorkerFacility Manager

Administrative Manager

FM DBMS

RequestPlace / System Actor Self-execution

Underlined tasks which can be replaced as BIM-based FM work to improve the effectiveness

BIM DB

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Use case & scenario

Data acquisition work item

Minimum Repetitive Maximum Repetitive

Data ac-quisition repetitive work of traditional FM work scenario

No.3 2 8No.4 3 5No.5 2 4No.8 2 3No.9 2 4No.10 2 4

TOTALBIM-based FM work sce-narioImprovement 25% 205%

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Use case & scenario

Diffi-culty Level

Average Cases Quantity/Annual

Minimum Days/Case

Total Days

Case Description

1 50 5 250 Ceiling deflection, Window damage, Door damage, Floor tile damage, etc.

2 35 10 350 New Facility installation, Crack, Water leak, System window damage, etc.

3 10 14 140 Space remodeling (electrical wire and switch, communication line installation, finishing work, etc.), partition replace-ment, etc.

4 5 90 450 Curtain wall replacement, Structural rein-forcement which needs administrative of-fice permission, etc.

Total 95 29 1,190 -

Existing FM Activity Cost Analysis

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Use case & scenario

Scenario Work Months (= 30 days)

Saving Factor

Monthly Salary [$]

Documenta-tion Activity Factor

Annual Cost [$]

Existing FM Scenario 40 = 1,190/30 1.0 40 2,600 0.3 374,400BIM-based FM with BPD Scenario

40 = 1,190/30 0.25 30 2,600 0.3 280,800

CostSavings - - 10 - - 93,600

cost savings considering BIM-based FM with a PD

No Cost Item Cost [$] Cost %1 Initial BIM Modeling Cost 95,000 65%2 FM Database Development 19,000 13%3 Software License Cost including DBMS 6,800 5%4 PDF Conversion Cost 4,800 3%5 Server (H/W) 9,500 7%6 Client PC (H/W) 9,500 7%7 Education Fee 1,000 1%

Total 145,600 100%

Investment Cost Estimation of BIM-based FM with a PD

From the results of the cost analysis, we can estimate that the redemption period considering the return on investment is about 1.56 year.

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BIM 2 GIS Mapping (ISO 19166) Overview

B2G Mapping

• ISO 19166 defines three mechanisms for conceptual mapping and linking between BIM, GIS and heterogeneous dataset for supporting urban facility manager etc.

•Element mapping from IFC to CityGML model. Because it is different between IFC and CityGML schema, B2G EM needs the mapping rule how to transform from IFC to CityGML element.

•LOD definition and mapping from IFC to CityGML model. The LOD models define a visualization mechanism. But, there are no LOD concept in BIM objects of IFC standard. To represent BIM geometry on GIS, LOD needs tobe extracted from IFC considering each LODs

•Perspective information representation depending on the specific use-cases such as a user facility management. "Perspective" is depending on the use-case to extract the needed data. PD consists of three parts to extract the needed external FM data.

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Issues for mapping from BIM to GIS

Use case driven data integration•Data sources•Flexible•Extendable

Ambiguous•Element•LOD

Propagation•Data sync•Real-time

G

B

D

WallRoof

?

When BIM was changed, how

abut GIS?

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Issues for mapping from BIM to GIS

Use case driven data integration•Data sources•Flexible•Extendable

Ambiguous•Element•LOD

Propagation•Data sync•Real-time

WallRoof

?

When BIM was changed, how

abut GIS?

Rule set based data integration Definition Linkage

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Reuse - don’t reinvent the wheel

B2GM Data Mapping Flow as viewpoint of conceptual framework

BIM

W1

D2

F3

R4

GIS

W1 = {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}D2 = {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}F3 = {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}R4 = {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}

B2G LM

B2G EM

Data set

E1

E2

E3

E4

B2G PDElement Mapping

LOD Mapping

Property Mapping from External Data Set using PD

1

2

3

Existed physical model

Fig. IFC (http://www.iai-tech.org/)

IfcProject – Activity to make product IfcProcess – Process and activity in projectIfcResource – Used resource object definition in processIfcActor – Human resource definition in processIfcProduct – Physical representation objectIfcControl – Control objectIfcGroup – Object set

Kernel

3개기본 확장 패키지5개AEC/FM 공통패키지AEC/FM 도메인별9개의패키지26개의 리소스패키지

IFC2x3

Building Oriented Format

IFC4GIS CRSNURBS…

butHeavyComplexAmbiguous

•Developed by OGC•Open 3D urban object model for interoperability(ISO TC211)•Shape, material, feature information support•Focusing city Infrastructure object model•Model abstraction support(LOD)Version 2.0

CityGML

GIS Oriented Format

LODFeatures


Parameter set

Civil engineering object

Detailed object information related to civil engineering

ex - superelevation

LandXML

Civil Engineering Oriented Format


GIS Topology Element?

Object = Geometry + Data

Object = Geometry + Data

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B2G EM example

<MappingRuleset> <Rule Source=‘IfcWallCase.L3’ Destination=‘WallSurface.L3’></> <Rule Source=‘IfcWallCase.L2’ Destination=‘Building.L2’></> … </MappingRuleset>

IFC

W1

D2

F3

R4

CityGML

W1 = {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}D2 = {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}F3 = {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}R4 = {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}

B2G LM

B2G EM

Element Mapping

LOD Mapping

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B2G LM Overview

<MappingRuleset> <Rule S=‘IfcWall*.L2’ D=‘Building.L2’></> <Rule S=‘IfcWall*.L2’ D=‘WallSurface.L2’></> <Rule S=‘IfcWall*.L3’ D=‘WallSurface.L3’></> <Rule S=‘IfcWall*.L4’ D=‘[Int | Outer]WallSurface.L4’></></MappingRuleset>

LOD-1… LOD-4 of building geometry

B2G EM and LM Table

LOD LOD Generation Rule1 Extrude(Product.Footprint) ∩ Extrude(Projection(Product.Elevation))2 ExteriorSurfaceExtraction(Product) –

ExteriorSurfaceExtraction(Product).Void3 ExteriorSurfaceExtraction(Product)4 LOD3 ∪ IndoorSurface(Product)

IFC-CityGML LOD Mapping RuleProduct. LOD?→ CityObject.LOD?

Semantic LOD Mapping

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Perspective Definition (PD) approach exampleFacilityStoryClassification CodeObject nameObject GUIDManagerSpace NoManagerSpace NoSpace areaDateSpace areaSpace perimeterSpace volumeSpace heightFloor maintenance = {Floor finish, Partial repair, Repair rate, Date}Wall maintenance = {Wall finish, Partial repair, Repair rate, Date}Ceiling maintenance = {Ceiling finish, Partial repair, Repair rate, Date}

FacilityStoryClassification CodeObject nameFloor maintenance = {Floor finish, Partial repair, Repair rate, Date}Wall maintenance = {Wall finish, Partial repair, Repair rate, Date}Ceiling maintenance = {Ceiling finish, Partial repair, Repair rate, Date}

SubcontractorPerspective

PDPD

PDFacility = B199Storey = S05Code = B199.S05Name = Main research buildingFloor finish history = At 2005.3.2, Tile#024 replacement, 0.5 year At 2006.7.5, Tile#024 replacement, 0.5 year At 2006.10.9, Tile#099 replacement, 0.5 year At 2007.12.5, Tile#099 replacement, 0.5 year

The heterogeneous FM data from the external

legacy system

Facility = B199Storey = S05Code = B199.S05Name = Main research building

Query the perspective

data

Viewand Usethe data

Logic View

Data View

StyleView

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Connect approach considering use-case workflowInformation propagation-enabled approach

URI - uniform resource identifierURN - uniform resource nameURL - uniform resource locator

User AUse case

A

Query information

G

B

D

Connection work-flow

Connection point

URL URN

Query

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Logic view

User AUse case

A

Query information

G

B

DData view

Style view

BG-EM

BG-LM

BG object mapping

BG perspective mapping

Connection point B

Connection point D

Connection point G

URL URN

Connection point B

Data bus

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Logic view(Specify ETL module)

User AUse case

A

Query information

G

B

DTransform for data load

Load them into BIM database

Data view(For defining property

schema in GIS and BIM)

Style view(For formatting the

understandable data in GIS and BIM)

BG-EM(mapping object element

from BIM to GIS)

BG-LM(mapping LOD element

from BIM to GIS)

Extraction for filtering from data set

BG object mapping


Connection point B

Connection point D

Connection point G

URL URN

Connection point B

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Logic view(Specify ETL module)

User AUse case

A

Query information

G

B

DTransform for data load

Load them into BIM database

Data view(For defining property

set in GIS and BIM)

Style view(For formatting the un-

derstandable data in GIS and BIM)

BG-EM(mapping object element

from BIM to GIS)

BG-LM(mapping LOD element

from BIM to GIS)

Extraction for filtering from data set

BG object mapping


Connection point B

Connection point D

Connection point G

URL URN

Connection point B

Data analysis

Data Query

SQL

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Case study – test data set

KICT energy usage data set from 2013 to 2014 year which has 32850 records about 45 spaces

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Case study : BIM perfective definition prototype

•FM prototype system based on BIM-FM platform (AVI)

PD

https://youtu.be/tgHaDNBkeqE



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Which spaces exceed over 1,000 kWh (annual EUC)?

BIMcube

1. Executing use case

2. Searching & executing a

service

3. Executing data mining model for

service

4. Obtaining information for service

5. Rendering data min-ing results with spatial

information

Case study : Energy data mining with PD

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Case study : Energy data mining with PD https://youtu.be/y4lu4IPPTAU

https://youtu.be/y4lu4IPPTAU

https://youtu.be/y4lu4IPPTAU

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Effectives Analysis

0.0

500.0

1000.0

1500.0

2000.0

2500.0

3000.0

A B C D E

Existing work

B-DM4SEM

min

Use caseComparison of work performance time for each case

The maximum annual energy reference usage was divided into the following phases: A (5000 kWh), B (6000 kWh), C (7000 kWh), D (8000 kWh), and E (9000 kWh)

(5000kWh) (4000kWh) (3000kWh) (2000kWh) (1000kWh)

B-DM had an improved performance of up to 14.4 to 20.5 times

20.5 times

14.4times

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Effectives Analysis

• Interview data acquisition from 36 of 37 respondents. • Jobs were divided into three categories: facility owner/management, facility design/engineer-ing/construction groups, and research/development/consulting groups. • On average, the respondents had 6.78 years of practical experience, BIM-related experience of 2.51 years, and GIS-related experience of 3.89 years. • Paired sample t-tests for the analysis of the pre- and post-groups were conducted (pre- and post-groups in p-values of 0.05)

Data Integration (DI), Flexibility (FL), Extensibility (EX), Effectiveness (EF), Reliability (RE), Reusability (RU), Maintenance (ME), Portability (PO)

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Effectives Analysis

Item QuestionDA Is it easy to search and access the needed data for facility management?MPS Can multiple users access and use the FM data under their roles?DVC Is it easy to make and manage the property and data schema of the new facilities by operating

the FM system systematically?DV Can it reduce data errors such as data input errors, data formatting errors?DI Is it easy to extract and reuse the data from external heterogeneous FM systems such as Excel-

based FM tools and CMMS as the viewpoint of the data integration?

To determine the differences of the effects between the pre group using an Excel-based FM sys-tem and the post group using a BPD-based FM system, paired sample t-tests for analysis of the pre and post groups were conducted. The results showed a significant difference between pre and post groups in p-values of 0.05 (33 of 40 interviewers).

1.9 1.6

1.9 1.8 1.6

4.2 3.9 3.8

3.6

4.2

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

DA MPS DVC DV DI

Pre

Post

2.3 2.3 1.9 1.8

2.5

Post-Pre

2.3

2.3

1.9 1.8

2.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0 DA

MPS

DVCDV

DI

BPDeffect

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Case study : BIM-GIS linkage https://youtu.be/3eoQLaMxcn4

https://youtu.be/3eoQLaMxcn4

https://youtu.be/3eoQLaMxcn4

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Conclusion & Future research

•BIM-GIS was proposed to support effective decision-making depending on the use-case per-spective such as building-space energy usage management.

•BIMcube prototype system was developed and some use-cases was conducted effectively.

•The proposed platform considers functional variability and extensibility.

•The proposed method makes it easier to re-define a data-mining model when the use cases change as compared to existing methods.

• Because defining the parameter values or logic applied in the proposed method can be achieved based on XML or scripts, improvements and modifications of the model can be easily conducted.

Conclusion

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Conclusion & Future research

•BIM use & information integrity issues

•Supporting RESTful API •Data acquisition from IoT sensor •Designing data mining work flow by using Deep Learning

Future issues & research(Kang, 2015)

(p = 0.05)Actual Outcome

Expected Outcome

Obstacle

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References

1. TW. Kang, JY. Woo, 2015, The Development direction for a VDC support system based BIM, KSCE

2. TW. Kang, HS. Choi, 2015, BIM Perspective Definition Metadata for interworking Facility Management Data, Advanced Engineering Informatics

3. TW. Kang, CH. Hong, 2015, A Study on Software Architecture for Effective BIM/GIS-based Fa-cility Management Data Integration , Automation in Construction

프레젠테이션 주제Thanks for your interest

KICT

Ph.D, Tae Wook, Kang(www.facebook.com/laputa999)

This research was supported by a grant from the Strategic Research Project (Development of Inte-grated Operation Technology on Construction Information & Spatial Information based on BIM/GIS Interoperation Platform, Development of BIM/GIS Interoperability Open-Platform in 2016) funded by the Korea Institute of Construction Technology.

http://www.facebook.com/laputa999