地下工程防水科技與施工案例之探討 - cdps.com.t · 海峽兩岸...
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DISSCUSION OF WATERPROOFING TECHNIQUE AND CONSTRUCTION CASE FOR UNDERGROUND ENGINEERING
HOUNG M.J.1 YUAN J.H.2 YEH C.S.1 SHIH J.Y.1 CHANG H.W.3 KUO L. S.4
1MINGCHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 2 RESOUNDING ADVANCE ENT. CO., LTD. 3NATIONAL CENTRAL UNIVERSITY 4CHINGYUN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT Traditional waterproofing method for underground power plants, oil storage tanks,
sewage plants, tunnels and substations is to apply an impervious membrane onto the
external face of a wall and back filled with soil. However, it may not be effective if the
waterproofing material deteriorates with time, or if the membrane is damaged during handling,
or due to improper overlapping. This Paper introduces a waterproofing technique by
crystallization, which has been used extensively around the world. Discussion is focused on
the mechanisms of crystallization permeation and crack self-repair. Several cases used in
Taiwan are reported. It is hoped that the concepts and engineering practice of waterproofing
by crystallization will be helpful to engineers.
Page 1 of 1
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ShrinkageCreepFissure
Efflorescence
Waterproofing by Crystallization
2.1 Body
WaterproofOutsideFilament
ACI 515.1R-79
Waterproofing Barrier SystemsDampproofing BarrierProtective BarrierDecorative Paint Barrier
Ponding WaterproofingDampproofing
Page 2 of 2
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Bentonite
2.2
2.3
0.001 liter/m2/day 0.01 liter/m2/day
0.1 liter/m2/day 0.5 liter/m2/day 1.0 liter/m2/day
GIRNAU, 1985
[ 1991]
BARTD.CWMATAMARTA 0.71~0.82 liter/m2/day 1.7 liter/m2/day0.19 liter/m2/day[1991]TRTSCEDM, Rev.9ABCS.T.S/S.S
Page 3 of 3
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TRTS Admixture
National Roofing Contractors Association NRCAACINo. ACI 504.1 R-82
A
B C B
B A
B B
C
2.4 A A A
B C C
C
B A B
C
NRCA
TRTSTRTSP.C
Membrane
CRD 48-96
DIN 1048
TRTS
Hot asphalt or coal tar membranes Modified bitumen membranes Butyl, EPDM, or PVC membranes Fluid-applied elastomeric materials Hot rubberized asphalt materials Bentonite waterproofing
Slab-On-
Grade
Metallic waterproofing Cementitious waterproofing Crystalline waterproofing
Hot asphalt or coal tar membranes Modified bitumen membranes Butyl, EPDM, or PVC membranes Fluid-applied elastomeric materials Metallic waterproofing Cementitious waterproofing Crystalline waterproofing
Hot rubberized asphalt materials Asphalt emulsion and chopped glass materials Bentonite waterproofing
(Walls Below
-Grade)
Metallic waterproofing Cementitious waterproofing Crystalline waterproofing
Hot asphalt or coal tar membranes Modified bitumen membranes Butyl, EPDM, or PVC membranes Fluid-applied elastomeric materials Hot rubberized asphalt materials
(Suspended
Decks)
Vehicle traffic deck coatings Pedestrain traffic deck coatings
Page 4 of 4
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[1996]CNSASTMJISDINFTMSBSICNLA
ResinousJetting
10,000
3.1
Activeness
Ca(OH)2
[XYPEX,2000] XYPEX
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Catalytic Compound
Chelate Ligand Combined with Calcium, L Ca
Ca2+
L2-
SiO32-Ca2+SiO32-
CaSiO3(nH2O)Ca2+L2-
Ca(OH)2Ca2+L2-Ca2+
CaSiO3(nH2O)
Cement Crystal Increasing Zone(High Density of Silicic Ion)
Central Research Laboratory of Nikki ShojiSEM50mm (1) (2) (3)26
3.2
3.2.1
(1)
(2)
(3) 26
LCa Ca2+ L2-
L2-
Diffusion
SiO32-
CaSiO3(nH2O) CaSiO3(nH2O) CaSiO3(nH2O) .
Unhydrated Cement Cement Gel
Ca(OH)2, etc Ca2+ High Density Zone
Ca2+LCa
Diffusion
Xypex
L2-
Page 6 of 6
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20
UV UV
NSF
185 1,530 40 180 pH 2.0 12.0 1 30
Yasuo, M. etc.,1992 2~5mm
ASTM C39 1981
20%
CRD C48
123m
175
10m
N691967
5.76104
3.2.2
3.3
3.3.1
(1) (2) (3)
(4) (5)
3.3.2
Page 7 of 7
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(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)(9)(10) [XYPEX,2000] Construction Specification InstituteCSI 07160 Cementitious Crystalline Waterproofing
(1)
3.3.3
(1)(2) (3) (4)(5)(6)
(7)
(2)
(3)
(4)
3.4
23Hokutoh1972
40,00040%0.1~0.2mm 1994830 1995 7 4 10
[Shigemichi,1996] 1.2kgf/cm2
16
300cc/min (5)
2.JIS A1107
Page 8 of 8
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28%
3.1,000
SETSCO Xypex Petrography PFM Polarising and Fluorescent Microscope3101420Xypex20~25mmCrack Width 0.4mm
3.5 Chloride
IonCarbonationDeterioration
[Masaaki2001] (1)CapillaryWater Tightness(2) )Permeability10-12m/s (3)
[XYPEX,2000] [Yasuo, M.1992]
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15.3km887903UK32+200UK32+210
CSI-07160Xypex
1.2.U3.XypexPatch PlugUXypex4.
UK32+200 (1)90412(2)90412(3) 90412 (4)90412 (5)90416 (6)90420
(1) (2)
(3)
(4) (5)
(6)
UK32+200 Page 10 of 10
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UK32+210 (1)90412 (2)90412 (3)90412 (4)90413 (5)90413 (6)90420
(1) (2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
UK32+210
Page 11 of 11
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921
Xypex
(2001)
24-300 (1991)498-106
(1996)1578-92 (1998)
1-250 ACI 515.1R-79(2000), A Guide to the Use of Waterproofing, Dampproofing,
Protective, and Decorative Barrier Systems for Concrete, ACI Manual of Concrete Practice Part 5-2000, pp.515.1R-1~515.1R-44.
Masaaki, I.(2001), Newest Development of Concrete Structure Anti-Corrosion Material in Japan, 117-125
Kayano, and Thiyaea (1998), Petrographic Examination of Concrete Core, B23880/XLP, SETSCO SERVICES PTE LTD, Singapore, pp.1-5.
Kayano, and Thiyaea (1998), Petrographic Examination of Concrete Core, B23689/XLP/1-2, SETSCO SERVICES PTE LTD, Singapore, pp.1-5.
NRCA (1989), NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual. Shigemichi. M., Yuzuru. K., and Moichi. H., (1996) Repairing of Heavily Cracked
Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Slab from Underside, 51st Annual Meeting of the Civil Engineering Society of Japan.
XYPEX(2000)Concrete Waterproofing by Crystallization1-12
Yasuo, M., Masoru, F., and Yukinobu, N. (1992), An Enhancement in the Nature of Concrete with a Multiplicative Cement Crystal Type Concrete Material, 48th Annual Meeting of the Civil Engineering Society of Japan.
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