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2009. 7.
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2009. 7.
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2009 7
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EU REACH
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200 , 86
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80%
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2009 3-4 , 1-2 .
EU
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.
2009
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1. 1
1.1. 1
2. 8
2.1. 8
2.2. 8
3. () 10
3.1. 10
3.2. 11
3.3. 12
3.4. 13
4. () 15
4.1. 15
4.2. 20
4.3. 35
4.4. 40
5. 43
5.1. 43
5.2. 43
5.3. 44
5.4. 45
5.5. 45
5.6. 52
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5.7. 53
5.8. 58
5.9. 2009 59
6. 60
6.1. 60
6.2. 64
7. 66
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1-1. 4
3-1. 10
4-1. 16
4-2. / 17
4-3. 18
4-4. 19
4-5. 20
4-6. 20
4-7. (www.google.com)
20
4-8. 21
4-9. (www.google.com) 23
4-10. 32
4-11. (86)
32
4-12. (www.google.jp) 33
4-13. , Syllabus 34
4-14. EU Technical Guidance Document(TGD) on
Risk Assessment 2(Part II)9) 36
4-15. P2 framework10) 37
4-16. Superfund 12) 38
4-17. (3) 40
4-18. 40
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4-19. 42
5-1. 44
5-2. pool 51
5-3. pool 52
5-4. (1) 53
5-5. (2) 53
6-1. 60
6-2. 64
6-3. 64
1. 2
68
syllabus 86
syllabus 91
119
-
- 1 -
- (Risk):
- (Environmental Risk): ,
- (Ecological Risk):
(* Ecological Risk .)
- ()(Risk Assessor): ( EPA 1998)
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1.
1.1.
1.1.1.
.
.
1.1.2. , , ()
1 . , ,
, /, .
Dr. Lawrence Barndthouse 2008 SETAC
( ) ERA 1)
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1. (www.epa.gov/risk/eco-problem-formulation.htm)
(ERA:Ecological Risk Assessment) : 1983
ERA . (Ecological Assessment)
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EPA Clean Water Act, FIFRA(), TSCA(
)
. 1983 (Framework)
1992 ERA, 1998
ERA , (WQA, FIFRA, TSCA, Superfund)
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formulation) .
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surveys), , , ,
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ERA (large-scale probabilistic) 3) 6 ERA; 2004
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TB ERA , , ,
RS ERA , , .
EU REACH
Dr. Cornelis J. Van Leeuwen 2) 2004 ERA,
1) , , ERA
2) ERA, (, )
ERA .
EPA (NCEA: National Center for Environmental
Assessment) (www.epa.gov /risk/basicinformation.htm),
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- 4 -
1) (Agent-based)
2) (Place-based) .
1.1.3.
/
.
.
.
1-1.
/
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- ( : 1999-2008)
-
- (2011)
TSCA
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-
FIFRA
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WQA
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RCRA
CERCLA
Framework,1992
Guideline,19983)
EU
Existings & Newsubstances(TGD1996)
- 3
B iocides(Directive98/8: TGD 2003)
E n v i r o n m e n t a lQuality Standards(33Priority substances)4)
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( )
-
-: (2005-2009)5)
- (2002) 2003)
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(2003 ),
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Chloroform, Phenol,Formaldehyde
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6)
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1-1
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, 120
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1.1.4. /
. 2007
6 EU REACH
EU EU
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REACH
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EU REACH
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1.1.5.
EU REACH
(ECHA: European Chemical Agency) (ECB:
European Chemical Burea) REACH 20
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IUCLID ,
EUSES .
European Commission(EC) , DG SANCO7)
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78 .
281
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1.1.6.
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2006 , ,
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2009
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2.
2.1.
(Ecological
Risk Assessor) .
2.1.1
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2.2.2.
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2.2.3.
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www.google.jp .
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Education for Sustainability Western Network (
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: www.epa.gov/risk/basicinformation.htm
www.epa.gov/oppt/sf
www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/risk
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EU: http://ecb.jrc.it
www.oecd.org
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09.5.2909.6.26
09.8.2728
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2007
07.8.2931
2007
07.6.1 3
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2006
06.9.8 120
06.11.810 30
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syllabus .
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Ecological Toxicology(Biol. 475) 3 , 3 30
. 1 4 quarter ,
semester . .
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3 112 250 --> 112
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Fish & Wildlife Service NCTC(National Conservation
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Resource Training Institute(RTI) RTII293
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Unit) 2.4 . .
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5.5.2.2.
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. brochure
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2009
2010 .
-
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.
.
.
. 2009 pool 5-3 .
5-3. pool
Kelly Mayo-Bean U.S. EPA [email protected]
Ana Paya Perez EU [email protected]
Vince Nabholz
( )U.S. EPA [email protected]
Chris Russom U.S. EPA [email protected]
/
Peter Ranslow CERM [email protected]
Jay Tunkel SRC [email protected]
Sharon Austin U.S. EPA [email protected]
Milgaros Vega ERA Consult [email protected]
Susan B. Norton U.S. EPA [email protected]
Tim Wool
( )
- Aquatox
U.S. EPA [email protected]
Theodore R.
AngradiU.S. EPA [email protected]
5.6.
2009 5-4(1) 5-5(2)
. 8 1
,
1
. ,
11
.
1/3, 1/3, 1/3
2/3 , 1/3
-
- 54 -
2:1 . , 2 1
12 .
, 9
1 , 10 1
. 1 4 16
.
.
5-4. (1)
8 ()
9 1 (14-16)
(30 )()
10 2 (12-14)
(30 )
1 (5 - 9)
(20 : S-ERA 10, R-ERA 10)
11 3 (911)
(30 )
2 (2 - 6)
(20 : S-ERA 10, R-ERA 10)
5-5. (2)
8 ()
9 1 (14-16)
(20 )()
10 2 (12-14)
(20 )-
11 3 (911)
(20 )
1 (2-6)
(40 : S-ERA 20, R-ERA 20)
12 4 (7-10)
(20 )-
5.7.
5.7.1.
-
- 55 -
.
1)
2)
3) ( )
(incentive)
4)
5.7.2.
,
, ,
, , .
5.7.2.1.
P2 framework
, EU EUSES .
EU
. ,
.
(
)
.
P2 .
-
- 56 -
Dr. Peter B. Ranslow
Position: Director of Risk Assessments
Address: Consortium for Environmental Risk Management (CERM)
U.S.A.
Phone/Fax: (412) 781-3278
Mobile: (412) 760-9023
e-mail: [email protected]
EU EUSES .
Ana Paya Perez
Position: JRC - European Commission
Address:Institute of Health and Consumer Protection
Chemical Assessment and Testing T.P. 582
21020-Ispra (VA)
Italy
Tel: 39 0332 785414
Fax: 39 0332 789963
e-mail: [email protected]
5.7.2.2.
5.7.2.1.
.
.
.
, . , ICF
international Ciba .
.
. .
-
- 57 -
[ICF International]
Address: Baxter Jones
9300 Lee Highway
Fairfax. VA 22031
U.S.A
Tel: 703 934 3210
e-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.icfi.com/services/training
[Ciba]
Tel: NAFTA / 1 800 CIBA NOW, ext. 2035 or 2397
/ +41 61 63 68310
Web: www.cibasc.com/cxs
.
Resource Training Institute(RTI) National
Conservation Training Center(NCTC) .
[RTI]
Address: RTI, LLC
4141 Quinn Drive
Evans, GA 30809
U.S.A.
Tel: 706 951 5685
Web: www.rtii.org/catalogrti.pdf
: $1,525/1/3
[NCTC]
Address: Alan Temple
Conservation Science and Policy Training
Tel: 304 876 7440
-
- 58 -
:$850/1/5
.
5.7.2.3.
/ ,,
.
(SETAC) ,
. SETAC
Europe EU
.
.
[]
SETAC North America
Hilton Riverside, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
19 - 23 November 2009
SETAC Europe
Seville, Spain
23 -27 May 2010
[]
SETAC North America
Address: 1010 North 12th Avenue
Penascola, FL 32501-3370
Tel: 850 469 1500
Fax: 850 469 9778
e-mail: [email protected]
SETAC Europe
Address: Av. de la Toison d'Or 67
B-1060 Brussels
Belgium
Tel: 32 2 772 72 81
Fax: 32 2 770 53 86
e-mail: [email protected]
-
- 59 -
SECOTOX(Society of Ecotoxicology
and Environmental Safety) .
Address: SECOTOX e.V.
c/o Dr. Schramm,
GSF-Forschungszentrum,
P.O.Box 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg,
GERMANY
SECOTOX 2 1
2009 6 .
.
5.8.
5.8.1. ( 1,2,3)
,
30 Quiz .
5.8.2. ( 4)
P2
SMILES notation ,
.
EU EUSES
.
5.8.3. ( 5,6)
( )
-
- 60 -
.
5.9. 2009
4 3 ,
1
. 2
1 ,
.
. ,
e-learning .
-
- 61 -
6.
2009
.
2009
.
(http:
//rio.env.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp/risk/2006report.pdf) .
2005
.
6.1.
6.1.1. , ,
,
, ,
, .
6-1 .
6-1.
/
(Risk Communication)
/
/
/
-
- 62 -
() .
.
- Global risk
- Risk Management system
-
-
-
-
- (Plant Operation Risk)
-
-
-
- Risk Communication
- -
-
- ( )
- (risk communication)
6.1.2. ,
2009
.
. () ,
, .
-
- 63 -
6.1.2.1. (1)
5
.
120 5 ,
600 .
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(4.4.1.) (,
) 500
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2005 1 27
200 .
() 600 ,
, 300, 300
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1 5 2009
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-
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2 5 300 ,
(risk communication)
300 .
.
1
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2 , 2-3 300
,
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.
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.
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4 5
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6.1.1. .
-
- 65 -
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
1 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----> 600
600
2
----- ----- ----> 360
----- ----> 240
600
3
----- ----- ----> 360
----- ----> 240
600
4
----- ----> 240
----- ----> 240
----- ---> 120
600
6.1.2.5.
6-2 .
6-2
6.2.
6.2.1.
()
,
. 6-3
. ,
.
6-3.
-Balance Score Sheet
- Skill
-
- -
- balance core
sheet
-Syllabus -
- Needs - - Syllabus
-
-Curriculum
-
-
-
-
-
-Curriculum
-
- 66 -
6.2.2.
.
.
, .
2005 .
1)
2)
. ,
.
. ,
.
.
-
- 67 -
7.
1) L. Barnthouse, 2008, The strength of the Ecological Risk Assessment
Process: Linking Science to Decision Making, Integrated
Environmental Assessment and Management, 4(3), 299-305.
2) S. P. Bradbury, T.C. Feijtel, C. J. van Leeuwen, 2004, Meeting the
Scientific Needs of Ecological Risk Assessment in a Regulatory
Context, Env. Sci. & Tech., Dec. 1, 463A-470A.
3) US EPA, 1998, Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment,
EPA/630/R-95/002F.
4) EU Parliament, 2008, Directive of the European Parliament and of the
Council on Environmental Quality Standards in the field of water
policy, PE-CONS 3644/08.
5) ,
, www.env.go.jp/water/sui-kaitei/kijun-index.html
6) ,
(), www.env.go.jp/hourei/syousai.php?id=5000096
7) EU EUROPA, Public health - Database of risk assessment training
schemes, http://ec.europa.eu/health/dyna/training/training_en.cfm
8) Madwolftech, Education for Sustainability, Western Network, Course -
Search Results: "ecological risk assessment", http://efswest.madwol
ftech.com/Resource_Center/Second_Nature/courses.nsf
-
- 68 -
9) European Chemical Bureau, 2003, Technical Guidance Document on
Risk Asssessment, Part II. Chapter 3. Environmental Risk Assessment.
http://ecb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/TECHNICAL_GUIDANCE_DOCUM
ENT/EDITION_2/tgdpart2_2ed.pdf
10) US EPA, 2005, Pollution Prevention(P2) Framework, EPA-748-B-04-001
http://www.epa.gov/oppt/sf/pubs/p2frame-june05a2.pdf
11) US EPA, 1985, Guidelines for deriving numerical national water quality
criteria for the protection of aquatic organisms and their uses, NTIS
PB85-227049 http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/library/85guidelines.pdf
12) US EPA, 1997, Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund:
Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments -
Interim final http://www.epa.gov/oswer/riskassessment/ecorisk/ecorisk.htm
13) , 2009, 21
2
-
- 69 -
()
1
2
()
- ()
-
- 70 -
()
()
()
()
-
- 71 -
-
- 72 -
-
- 73 -
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-
- 74 -
()
()
-
- 75 -
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-
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I, II
1
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-
- 77 -
,
1
2
-
- 78 -
(1)
(2)
-
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1
,
(KAIST)
-
- 80 -
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-
- 81 -
I
I
II
-
- 82 -
(KAIST) -
-
- 83 -
-
- 84 -
1,2
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-
- 85 -
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-
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,
,
,
,
,
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-
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syllabus
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- Toxic Responses of the Blood & Cardiovascular system
- Toxic Responses of the Immune System & Liver
- Toxic Responses of the Kidney & Respiratory System
- Toxic Responses of the Nerve System & Reproductive System
- Chemical carcinogenesis
- Toxic Effects of Radiation & Radioactive Materials
- Toxic Effects of Pesticides
- Toxic Effects of Metals
- Toxic Effects of Solvents & Vapors
- Industrial Toxicology
- Risk Assessment
-
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,
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- Science of Ecology
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- Behavioral Ecology
- Competition
- Predation
- Community Structure
- Species Diversity
- Succession
- Energy Flow and Trophic Structure
- Biogeochemical and Nutrient Cycles
-
- 92 -
syllabus
Google ecological risk assessment" syllabus
, 200 84.
Ecological Risk Assessment
(University of Vermont(UVM), University of Minnesota(UMN),
Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville(SIUE)).
, .
1) : 3
2) : 1 : 45
3) ,
SIUE(www.siue.edu/~kevjohn/envs595/595.html)
.
-
-
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.
-
-
- 93 -
-
-
-
-
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- ( )
-
-
-
-
- , Tiering and Spatial scale
-
-
UVM(http://vip2.uvm.edu/~wbowden/Teaching/ENSC202_Watersheds/Syllabus/Current)
Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources
(ENSC202) .
-
-
- ERA framework
- ,
-
- -
- ERA
-
-
-
-
-
-
SIUE UMN , , ,
, UVM. ,
ERA framework .
-
- 94 -
4) : SIUE UMN
. UVM ,
.
5) : SIUE College of Arts & Sciences
, UMN (Entomology) , UVM Rubenstein
School of Environment and Natural Resources .
University of California, Sata Barbara Bren School of Environmental
Science & Management() ESM220
.
Ecologcial Risk Assessment
.
Ecotoxicology 6 (University of Georgia, Davidson College,
Purdue University, University of Cincinnati, University of Saskatchewan,
Danish Institute of Studying Abroad) .
University of Georgia(www.publichealth.uga.edu/student/Syllabi/EHSC4060.pdf)
School of Public Health Environmental Health Sciences
1
3
. .
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- (sublethal)
-
-
-
- 95 -
-
-
-
Davidson College(www.bio.davidson.edu/people/chparadise/ecotox/ecotxsyl.pdf)
Biology 362 1 3 , .
-
- Toxin
-
-
-
- , , bioindicator assays
- Populations
- Community and ecosystems
-
-
- (6)
Purdue (www.agriculture.purdue.edu/fnr/faculty/sepulveda/courses.htm)
(FNR598E) . 1 2,
.
-
-
-
- 1
- 2
- 1
-
-
-
-
- 2
- : , ,
- : population
-
- 96 -
- : community and ecosystems
-
- (8: )
University of Cincinnati(www.bioweb.ad.uc.edu/courses/Syllabi/666_syllabus_Shann_2006.pdf)
1 3 .
- 2
- (Environmental Chemicals) 2
- 1
- 2
- 1
- 2 .
.
University of Saskatchewan(www.usask.ca/biology/home/syllabi/475-2009.pdf)
Ecological Toxicology(Biol. 475) 3
, 3 30 . 1 4
quarter , semester . .
- ,
- 1,2
-
-
- compartment model
-
-
-
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- 1,2
-
-
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-
- 97 -
- 1,2
-
-
.
-
- compartment model
- :
-
- Exxon Valdez
-
- : BACI
-
-
-
Danish Institute of Study Abroad (DIS)(www.dis.dk/Academic/Courses1/syllabi/
ecotox_ruc.pdf) 1 4 Ecotoxicology-Principles
and Practice, .
-
-
-
-
- : - , (LC, NOEC, LOEC)
- Community Ecosystemsdudgid
-
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-
-
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- :
- Study Tour 5
- 1: PAH
- Biomarker
-
- 98 -
-
- 2:
- :
- :
,
.
University of Minnesota(www.d.umn.edu/~pschoff/Ecotox04Syllabus.htm)
Ecotoxicology(Biol. 5868) 3 ,
,
, .
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(Environmental Toxicology) 5
(Washington State University, Ithaca College, Trent University(Canada),
University of Saskatchewan(Canada), Shivaji University(India), Virginia
Polytech University and State University).
Washington State University(http://feql.wsu.edu/esrp532/SyllabusFall2004v4.pd
f) 1 2 (ESRP 532)
, , 5 , 3
, , , 14 , , , ,
, 4 .
1 .
-
- 99 -
Ithaca College(www.ithaca.edu/faculty/sallen/Bio378/378_syl.pdf)
. 3
3 , .
-
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- 2
- 1
- -
- -
- -
- 2
- 2
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
-
Trent University(www.trentu.ca/ers/documents/ERSC370_syll_08-9.pd
f) Environmental and Resource Studies
(ERSC 370) 2 2 1 .
(1)
-
- 2
-
- 2
-
-
- 100 -
-
-
- 3
(2)
- 3
- 2
-
- 2
- 2
- .
6 (tutorial) .
University of Saskatchewan(www.usask.ca/biology/home/syllabi/TOX301.pdf)
. 3
. .
- ,
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- ,
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-
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- : , , (indicator)
-
-
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-
- 101 -
-
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Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
(http://natrespro.nvgc.vt.edu/pdf_files/EnvironToxicologySS07.pdf)
3 6
. .
-
-
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- , , , (trophic)
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3 ,
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- , ,
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-
- 102 -
( ) .
University of Massachusetts Boston(http://alpha.es.umb.edu/faculty/wer/
files/Risk%20Management.rtf) , , (EEOS)
(2001: ECOS 697B) .
, 15(
1 2 , 1 , 1.5 ) ,
-
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, LC50, , - ,
.
New Jersey (http://sphweb02.umdnj.edu/sphweb/files/faculty/
syllabi/adamFinkel/Environmental%20Risk%20Assessment.pdf)
(ENOH 656) 12 ( 1 3)
.
,
.
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(www.faculty.uaf.edu/ffrap/EQE_693/CourseInfo/Syllabus.html)
2001 EQE 693
3 14
, ENVE
F651 . 2001 syllabus .
- : , ,
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list , IRIS
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California State University, Sacramento(www.csus.edu/envs/ENVS199.doc)
(Environmental Studies Department)
(ENVS 199) . 1 15, 15
. .
-
- 104 -
(OEHHA)
. .
- : , -, NOAEL/UF, ,
- , BMD
-
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-
- , MOE , , FQPA
- , Superfund
- California RfD,
- -
- -/ (Watersheds)
- -
- -, REACH, ,
-
Oklahoma State University(http://cive.okstate.edu/Student/civil-engineering-syllabi/
civil-engineering-fall-08/5823.pdf) (CIVEN 5823)
.
, , .
3, .
-
- (2)
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- : , , ,
(4)
- : , Kriging ,
, Bayesian , ,
(5)
- : , , Type I & II (2)
- (2)
-
- 105 -
North Carolina State University(http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/gsc/course_actions%20(CTM)
/(1)%20CAF%20rcvd.%20from%20Dept/New%20CAF's/2008-09/EA_502_Syllabus_9_15_08.
doc) 2008 Graduate Study Committee
. (www.cals.ncsu.edu/gsc/schedule.html)
.
. 3
EPA , Power Point
. .
-
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-
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( )
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- - , -,
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- 106 -
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University of Notre Dame(www.nd.edu/~kshrader/courses/479/syllabus.pd
f) 1999 /, ,
,
2.5, 16 . .
- : Yucca Mountain, EMAP, Louisiana QRA
-
- 5
- NAS
- Douglas, Wildavsky
- Starr and Whipple
-
-
-
-
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- Rawls vs. Harsanyi
- QRA Yucca Mountain (2)
- NAS Zn-Cd sulfide ?
- :NAS vs. Reductionist (2)
-
- :
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- ?
- ()
-
- 107 -
- , QRA: Three Mile Island (2)
- QRA, ERA:
- QRA ?
- QRA ?
- QRA (Default) ?
.
Venice International University(www.isav.it/english/governance/
pastprogrammes/old_documents/RiskAssessment.pdf) School of Advanced
Studies in Venice Foundation Analysis and
Governance of Sustainable Development( )
. 2003 2007
. 24 , .
- : , , ASTM,
- : , , , ,
TRIAD ,
-
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( )
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30 .
- :
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- : , ,
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-
- 108 -
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Tokushima (http://cms.db.tokushima-u.ac.jp/syllabus/2008/PDF/168438/169338-en.pdf)
.
. .
-
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(Risk Assessment)
.
Indiana University
School of Public and Environmental Affairs (SPEA)
RA. and Risk Comm. 7/49 ()
Iowa State University
Risk Anal. and Decision-Making(RADM) program
-
- 109 -
Risk assessment for Food, Agriculture, and Veterinary Medicine 4/42 ()
University of Colorado at Boulder
Hazardous & Industrial Waste Management 1/37 ()
(, , )
North Carolina State University
2, 1
Regulatory Plant Science
1/32 ()
( . )
University of Nevada, Las Vagas
2.5
Risk assessment ant risk management 2.5/38 ()
( )
University of Washington
2 40
2.6/26 ()
( , : , , , , )
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Module
3/30 ()
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() Central European University
() State University of Moldova
30
1/30 ()
-
- 110 -
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(Tox. and Risk Assessment) 9/45()
( - )
()
.
.
Shinshu University(http://science.shinshu-u.ac.jp/~environ/class.html)
2
Ecotoxicology . .
-
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Okayama University(www.okayama-u.ac.jp/user/est/syllabus/desain2009.htm
l) 2
. .
-
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-
- 111 -
-
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-
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Kanazawa Engineering University(www.kanazawa-it.ac.jp/syllabus_2/syllabus/
2004320036052010.html) 3
. .
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- risk PRTR
-
- 112 -
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University of Shiga Prefecture(www.usp.ac.jp/japanese/campus/edu/syllabus/
g_kankyo/kan_c06.html)
2 . .
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2 . .
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- risk assessment ,
- :
- : DDT, TBT ,
- :
- : (, )
-
- 113 -
-
- OECD
-
- REACH
- GHS
Kyushu University(http://bbs2.agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp/geeklog/staticpages/index.php/sud05_071)
2
. .
-
-
-
- ()
- ()
-
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-
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Osaka University(http://syllabus.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp/08/2006/0827/ja)
, .
- (2)
- (2): , ,
- (4):, ,
- (2)
- (2): .
- (2)
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- 114 -
Kobe Kosen()(www.kobe-kosen.ac.jp/education/syllabus/2009/
pdf/C5_1421030.pdf) .
-
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- (2)
- (2)
-
- (2)
- ,
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Iwate Prefecture University(www.iwate-pu.ac.jp/outside/syllabus/2008/
4-pory/4090.pdf) 2
. .
-
- (2): risk assessment, ecol. risk assessment
- (2)
- (2)
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Kindai University(http://kenkyu.hiro.kindai.ac.jp/syllabud/pdf/91-0133)
.
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- 115 -
-
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Ibaraki University(www.edu.ibaraki.ac.jp/syllabus/2002/kyuukari/12rika.pdf)
2 .
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Hiroshima University(http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/syllabus/2009/2009_1401_1700600.html)
2 (Public Health Chemistry)
, .
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Setsunan University(www.webmail.edu.setsunan.ac.jp/~kyomu/syllabus/Y/Y063.pdf)
.
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Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences(www.oups.ac.jp/syllabus/eSyllabus/
College/Term/List/Syllabus/Syllabus_Term1_G.html) 1 1.5
, .
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- 117 -
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Hokuriku University(www.hokuriku-u.ac.jp/jimu/syllabus/yakukagu/3nen/
3-32.html) II 1.5
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Chiba University(www.p.chiba-u.ac.jp/syllabus/p40-41.pdf) I
2 .
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Meijo University(www.yaku.meijo-u.ac.jp/Research/Laboratory/hygie_chem/
2005_600085.html) , 2 2
.
.
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- 118 -
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2008 .
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Risk-based
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: ,
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Multiple risk
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1 1
AIST-ADMER(
), METI-LIS, AIST-SHANEL, Risk Learning .
-
- 120 -
1. ?
1. 121 75.2
2. 40 24.8
161 100.0
2. ?
1.20 0 0.0
2.21 ~ 25 1 0.6
3.26 ~ 30 18 11.2
4.31 ~ 35 28 17.4
5.36 ~ 40 25 15.5
6.41 ~ 45 37 23.0
7.46 52 32.3
161 100.0
3. ?
1. 1 0.6
2. 25 15.5
3. 5 3.1
4. 29 18.0
5. 12 7.5
6. 88 54.7
7. 1 0.6
161 100.0
( )
1
-
- 121 -
4. ?
1. 19 11.8
2./ 50 31.1
3. 6 3.7
4. 20 12.4
5. 13 8.1
6. 12 7.5
7. 17 10.6
8. 24 14.9
161 100.0
( )
1
1
1
3
() 1
/ 1
1
2
1
4
/ 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
- 122 -
5. ?
1.GLP 26 16.1
2.() 11 6.8
3. / 3 1.9
4. 8 5.0
5. 3 1.9
6. 16 9.9
7. 29 18.0
8. 28 17.4
9. 0 0.0
10. 0 0.0
11. 5 3.1
12. 32 19.9
161 100.0
( )
GMP consultant 1
1
10
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
-
- 123 -
6. ? ( )
1. 8 3.6
2.( , )
30 13.6
3. 24 10.9
4. 50 22.6
5. 45 20.4
6. 21 9.5
7. 43 19.5
221 100.0
( )
Formulation 1
GLP 1
QA 2
QAU 2
REACH, GHS 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
// 1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
2
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
2
() 1
-
- 124 -
7. ?
1.1 11 6.8
2.1 ~ 5 37 23.0
3.5 ~ 10 35 21.7
4.10 78 48.4
161 100.0
8. ?
1. 95 59.0
2. 16 9.9
3. 31 19.3
4.+ 19 11.8
161 100.0
9. ?
1. 160 99.4
2. 1 0.6
161 100.0
10., ?
1. 134 83.2
2. 27 16.8
161 100.0
11. ?
1.(7 : 1 )
56 34.8
2. (7 ) 105 65.2
161 100.0
-
- 125 -
12. ?
1.1 12 7.5
2.3 60 37.3
3.5 58 36.0
4.7 31 19.3
161 100.0
13. ?
1.9 46 28.6
2.10 34 21.1
3.11 40 24.8
4.12 41 25.5
161 100.0
14. (=x ) ?
1. ( ) 77 27.3
2. 69 24.5
3. 71 25.2
4. 64 22.7
5. 1 0.4
282 100.0
( )
1
15. ?
1. 46 28.6
2. () 58 36.0
3. ( ) 57 35.4
161 100.0
-
- 126 -
16. ?
1. 59 36.6
2.() 2 1.2
3. + 100 62.1
161 100.0
17. ?
1. 113 70.2
2. 30 18.6
3. 18 11.2
161 100.0
18. ?
1.30% 95 59.0
2.50% 40 24.8
3.70% 3 1.9
4.100%() 4 2.5
5. 19 11.8
161 100.0
( )
0% 2
10% 1
100% 1
100% 1
20% 1
30% 20% 1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
- 127 -
19. ?
1. 27 16.8
2. 42 26.1
3. 19 11.8
4./ 59 36.6
5. 14 8.7
161 100.0
( )
GLP 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
20. ?
1. 59 36.6
2. 31 19.3
3. 20 12.4
4. 51 31.7
161 100.0
21. ?
1. 38 23.6
2.5 102 63.4
3.10 19 11.8
4.10 2 1.2
161 100.0