印度文化☆Indian culture

報告者：報告者：徐婕綾徐婕綾陳昱綺陳昱綺藍育琪藍育琪林恩柔林恩柔

目錄1.印度國旗

2.印度文明

3.印度歷史

4.文化成就

5.印度宗教

Directory 1.Indian flag 2 .Indian civilization 3. Indian history 4. Cultural achievements 5.Indian religions

印度國旗是由三種顏色組成的 3 色國旗；橘黃色是象徵勇氣、無私無我的犧牲奉獻。白色是象徵清白廉潔，真理。綠色象徵和平繁榮興旺。在三色國旗的中間有藍色的的像太陽的法輪，裹面有 24個間格。

Three-color flag of the Indian national flag is composed of three colors; orange is a symbol of courage, selfless sacrifice and dedication. White is a symbol of innocence honest truth. Green symbolizes prosperity peace. In the middle of the tri-color flag with blue as Falun sun batter has 24 Layout.

This is印度國旗這就是 Indian flag

印度河流域文明發生晚於兩河流域文明、尼羅河流域文明，但早商於朝。考古專家在印度河流域發現摩亨佐 - 達羅和哈拉帕兩個古代城市遺址，發現了大量石器、青銅器、印章和農作物遺迹，估計城市人口都在 4 萬以上。

文明發生？？！Civilization occurred？？！

Indus Valley civilization occurred late in Mesopotamia civilization, Nile Valley civilization, but as early as the Shang Dynasty. Archaeologists found in the Indus Valley Mohenjo - daro and Harappa ruins of two ancient cities, found a large stone, bronze, seals and crops remains an estimated urban population of 40,000 or more.

印度國旗是由三種顏色組成的 3色國旗；橘黃色是象徵勇氣、無私無我的犧牲奉獻。白色是象徵清白廉潔，真理。綠色象徵和平繁榮興旺。在三色國旗的中間有藍色的 (Dharma Chakra)的像太陽的法輪，裹面有 24個間格。

兩個城市的中心都有一個人工堆成的土墩，用作衛城。在這個土墩上建有大穀倉，對其居民來說，這就好比是現在的中央銀行。城市建築以衛城為中心呈網格狀分佈，有市政建築、市場、作坊、儲存區、民居和神廟。每座民居都圍著一個院子建成，有幾個房間、一間廁所和一口水井。建築用基本材料是從燒木頭的窯裡製出的土磚。在摩亨佐．達羅的衛城上建造了一個大浴池，有私人浴池、會所等。

生活方式Two city center has an artificial mound pile used as the Acropolis. On the mound was built with large barn, its residents, which is like now that the central bank. City building in the center of the Acropolis is a grid-like distribution, there are municipal buildings, markets, workshops, storage areas, houses and temples. Each block houses are built around a courtyard with several rooms, a toilet and a water well. The basic materials used in construction from the wood-burning kiln system out of adobe. In Mohenjodaro. Darrow Acropolis built on a big bath, with private baths, clubs and so on.

印度河流域的農民種植大麥、小麥、棉花、瓜和椰棗。他們還馴養大象和水牛在田裡幹活。這一地區有許多手藝精湛的製陶人，他們用陶輪製作陶器，這在當時是一項嶄新的技術。哈拉帕人使用石器，並用青銅製作刀、武器、碗和雕像。他們建立了發達的廢物處理系統，包括有蓋板的排水系統和倒垃圾的斜槽。

Indus Valley farmers planting barley, wheat, cotton, melons and dates. They also domesticated elephants and buffalo in the fields. This area has many skillful potters, they use the potter's wheel pottery, which at the time was a new technology. Harappan people use stone and bronze making knives, weapons, bowls and statues. They established a well-developed waste management systems, including the cover of the drainage system and garbage chute.

文明 時間 特色印度河文明

1200至1500年前

無紀錄

亞利安人文明

700年前

梵文

史學 7 世紀

印度歷史

古印度文明的疆域曾包括今古印度文明的疆域曾包括今印度共和國、巴基斯坦、孟加拉、巴基斯坦、孟加拉國、阿富汗南部部分地區和尼泊國、阿富汗南部部分地區和尼泊爾爾。。 19471947 年後，年後，印度的領土僅印度的領土僅包括今印度共和國部分。包括今印度共和國部分。

印度文化歷史先後順序

文化時代時期王朝

1.史料 2.史前文化 3.古代史 4.近現代史

-1舊石器時代 -1哈柆帕文化 -1殖民地時期

-2中石器時代 -2吠陀文化 -2印巴分治

-3新石器時代 -3十六雄國時期

-4金石並用時代

-4波斯人與希臘人入侵-5孔雀王朝

-6笈多王朝

-7後笈多王朝

-8柆其普特時期-9伊斯蘭時期

文化成就

印度文化中有很多重要的成就是起源於宗教的需求，例如：數學運算的發明是因祭的需要，瑜珈是尋求人心的解脫等。

Cultural achievements

Indian culture has a lot of important achievements is the origin of religion in demand, for example: the invention of math is needed offering because yoga is to seek the people's liberation and so on.

印度宗教Indian religions

為印度最大的教，佔人口 80%，印度教並列世界 5 大宗教。印度教有 3 千年，歷經了佛教和伊斯蘭教的挑戰，如今仍為印度的主流宗教，在鄉間回教徒除了禮拜形式不同外，其他的行為和印度教區別不大了！印度教的教義對教徒的階級、思想、行為模式、生老病死都有嚴謹的規範。印度教的廟會慶典，祀祭南印度廟宇 / 台北印度協會成了印度人的行事曆。印度教是源自亞利安人，亞利安人相信宇宙的創造仍是創造者所支配，這創造者稱為眾生之主 ( PrajaPati)住在天上稱大梵天王 (Brahama) 又稱梵天或梵王，後來梵王又有三個分身 1)婆羅摩 (Brahma) 創造神。 2)毗溼奴守護神 3) 濕婆 (Shiva) 破壞神等三個神。這三個神又分別代表宇宙萬物的生、住、滅的三階段。

Is the largest religion in India, accounting for 80% of the population, the world's five major religions of Hinduism tied. ? Hinduism has three years, after the challenge of Buddhism and Islam, the dominant religion in India today is still, Muslims in the country in addition to the different forms of worship, the other not much different from the behavior and Hinduism! Hindu doctrine class, thinking, behavior patterns of Catholics, illness and death have strict specifications. Hindu temple celebration, worship festival of South India Temples / Taipei Association of India became the Indian calendar. Hinduism is derived from Aryan, Aryan people believe created the universe is still dominated by the Creator, which is called the Creator of all living Lord (PrajaPati) dwell in heaven called Brahman King (Brahama), also known as Brahma or Fan Wang, later, there are three places at once Fan Wang 1) Mount Bromo (Brahma) creation of God. 2) the patron saint of Vishnu 3) Shiva (Shiva) Diablo the three gods. The three representatives of God and the universe were born, lived, off the three phases.

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結結束束啦啦☆☆

希望本報告能讓大家更了解印度文化喔

This concludes our report I hope this report helps us better understand Indian culture