MYANMAR: ACHIEVING UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY BY 2030

၊ငငႏာမနမျ ၂၀၃၀ ညပျ စႏ မငတမ းလငငႏစတ းရေရရးမစစပလ

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၂၀၁၄ ငြတစႏခ ငြတငငႏာမနမျ မငပ စစပလ းငလးာအတာဓ မကယနြက ငဆစတ ညသရရမးမစစပလ ာမရေးဥလ ၇၀ းနႈႏငခာရ (ေ ရသဒေကလးက ၏းာမစငာထေမအ ၈၄ းနႈႏငခာရ ) ခန႔ ။ညသရ ၂၀၃၀ မငတမစႏညပျ ာမနမျ

းလငငႏစတ းရေငႏရရးမစစပလ ညသဟ ၏ရးစအငငႏာမနမျ သကခးနမညရ ႕ နရငႏရကာရေ ညမာလ ၁၅ စႏ းငြတအ စငာထေမအ ၇.၂ ကြတအးနသ းငလးာအတာဓစစပလ ကးငချးနတယြသ းတဆစႏ နရးာြသကြရငာဆေ

အလ ။ညသပ သ႕ းညလာသေ ၊မနကယဗ ငႏအာလ တငငႏးငထ ႔ ငြတ းငါပေစႏ းငြတအယဆစႏ ၃၀ မးနႈႏငခာရ ၁၀၀ းနႈႏငခာရ အထ ညသႈမရရးမစစပလ ငာအေရရကတးတ ညသခငႏကြရငာဆေ သာဓကမားအရ လာကတနခအ

းငြတအ းရေရရးမစစပလးငတလ းရေကြရငာဆေ သည ညသရခေငႏစဖျ ။ညသစဖျးာထအနေအ

ညသရးစအငငႏာမနမျ ၂၀၃၀ မငတမစႏညပျ းလငငႏစတာမနမျ ကးရေငႏရရးမစစပလ းနမညရ ကလကြရငာဆေ းပၿရ ကြတအးငတလ ညသတညတညရရေ ငအးမြစ (Sustainable Energy for All) ညသဟ ငဆးလာၻမက ရာ

းာအႈမးာရပႈလ ာြစငလာဆေ ညသခခကာထေ ကနအးာမငငႏ ။ညသစဖျခစတ ၏စပအဏဘာၻမက ာညပးညန ငဖျညအကအ ညသရးစအငငႏာမနမျ ငဆအးာသးမအ းမစစပလ းရေရရ းနကမစ (National Electrification Plan)

က ၂၀၁၄ ငြတစႏခ းပၿခြဆးရေစပျ းမလးညန ငဖျးမစႏ က႑ ကလအ နပျယကယက ႕ျပန႕ နရးာြသကြရငာဆေ ။ညသးာထပျကၾအ ကးငလးာအတာဓမငပ ာြစးကႀကခးနမညရ ခးတ ႕ ညသကြရငာဆေ ငႏးမလးညန ရေးဥလ

ညသးါပးညန ေဒသမားတြင မငပ းငလးာအတာဓ မကယနြက နရရရးမစစပလ ာြစငမျာကၾနခအ ငာစေ နရးငဆ ဘပအလမ းငလးာအတာဓမငပ ပငပျ ကးာမမအစအ ာကပျးသအ တးငချကြရငာဆေ ႔ ။ညသစဖျ

ာဖေညထအငာကေအ ငြတာရကြရငာဆေ ဘ႑ ငႏးရော ပရ ၀ တ ကးာမစမျအးငရအ ခန႕ းပၿယြလရးနမ ကတစနစ

ညသစဖျ ငဖျးာမးမလးညန ညမကြရငာဆေမစ ပထ၀ နေအငပျမျေ ကးာထအ ာလလေ ာကကခကြတ တရစကနက ာသေးါပးညန ကခမစ ကာဟဗ ။ညမးာြသပျးသအ ယခ ရအးနကမစ ( းာအတာဓစစပလ ငႏးရေပလတထ ျဖန႕ျဖးေရး

ကြတအ ါပမတရစကနက ၀ ဘင ) စစပလ းငလးာအတာဓ ကယနြက ခးတ ႕ ကြတအနရ းငါပေစစ ႈမႏပႇမျးႏးငရ ခန႕ ချေးနမ ာလၚဒေနကရမေအ (၆) းနသ ပအလ မည ။ညသစဖျ

In Myanmar, 70 percent of the population and 84 percent of rural households lacked access to grid electricity in 2014. Achieving the Myanmar Government’s goal of universal electricity access by 2030 requires doubling the speed of grid extension to connect 7.2 million households in the next 15 years. Nonetheless, the experiences of Vietnam, Laos and Thailand, which managed to accomplish a similar feat of increasing electricity coverage from 30 percent to nearly 100 percent within two decades, show that achieving universal access within a relatively short time frame is possible.

The Myanmar Government is committed to achieving universal access to electricity by 2030, which is in line with the goals of the global Sustainable Energy for All initiative. With technical assistance from the World Bank Group, the Government developed a National Electrification Plan in 2014 to accomplish this rapid increase through a two-pronged, sector-wide approach: an ambitious extension of the national grid plus off-grid electrification for communities that would otherwise have to wait for years for grid access.

The Plan is based on a geo-spatial least-cost strategy to mobilize financial and physical resources in a predictable and structured fashion. The Plan estimates total investment requirements of US$6 billion (not including additional generation and transmission capacity needed to support electrification rollout).

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FIGURE 1: MYANMAR UNIVERSAL ACCESS ROADMAP AND INTERMEDIATE MILESTONES

မငပ ကကယနြကးာအတာဓ ာြစးကႀကခးနမညရ ခးတ ႕ ညမးာြသ းညလာသေစဖျ းငါပေစငာထေမအ နခးနသစတ ႕သည

နရရရးမစစပလ နခစႏယဆ ႕ ။ညသရယြဖရးငဆငာစေ စငာထေမအထ ာမစးာမအ ၊းမရ ငႏးငခ ရးာမယနညပျငခက ရေးဥလ ညသးါပးညန ေဒသမားတြင းပၿကၾငထနေ သစးငခမအစတ ႔ းမစစပလ နရးနတယြသ တရစကနက ညမးာမငမျ ။ညသစဖျ သ႔ ာရစဖျ မငပ ခးတးငလးာအတာဓ ႕ ညသ ငႏမအစအ းညတကနငပၿစတ မငပ းငလးာအတာဓ

ပငပျ းရေရရးမစစပလ းညလကးာမမအစအ ကတစနစ ။ညသစဖျညမရးာြသကြရငာဆေ မငပ ပငပျးငလးာအတာဓ းမစစပလ းရေရရ ငြတးာမမအစအ းသမအ ာလဆ ၊စနစ အေသးစား ကယနြကစစပလ ငႏးငချကာဆေညတ အျခား

းာမာညပးညန ပါ၀ းပၿစဖျညမင ေ၀ ညသလး ေဒသမားတြင ညသရကလငထနေ ၀ ာသေးါပးညနြငေင းာမသညပျ ကြတအ းဇးကေးကအ ။ညသစဖျညမငႏရ

က႑ ကလအ ညမရးာြသကြရငာဆေ ငြတမအစအ အဖြ႕ ာရငဆးညစအ ငႏးာမႈမလးငာပျေငပျပျ ဘ႑ာေရး ကးာမခအကခအ ညမငႏးာႊလာကေ နပျယက ႕ ညသ းငရဖျေ းာမးညန ပါ၀ ။ညသင ငြတးာထအနေအရကလ

အဖြ႕ ငြတာရငဆးငပးညစအ ကးာမဥစအစအးနငပလ ညသနမျငလ ငဖျးနႈႏနရအ ာြစကာရေထ နရငႏကြရငာဆေ ခအကခးညနးာအ ႕ ။ညသနေရ နပျယက ႕ ညသ ကးာမႈမလးငာပျေငပျပျ ငႏငႏကြရငာဆေ အဖြ႕ ာရငဆးညစအ

ငဆအးာသးမအ းမစစပလ းရေရရ းနကမစ (NEP) အရ မငပ းငလးာအတာဓ ခးတ ႕ ငႏးရေ းငလးာအတာဓမငပ ပငပျ

းမစစပလ းရေရရ ကးာမမအစအ းငခငဆစတ းပၿစဖျညမးာြသကြရငာဆေ တာ၀ ငႏႈမခန အခ မန ကးရေးစးပၿ ေသခာေစရန ညမးာြသပျရဂ ။ညသစဖျ ယခ ရအးနကမစ ႈမးစးပၿးနငပလ စဖျအးာမငတတမ ၂၀၂၀ ငြတစႏညပျ ၅၀

းနႈႏငခာရ ငႏ ၂၀၂၅ ငြတစႏခ ၇၅ းနႈႏငခာရ ( ပ ၁) ဟ ပျာဖေ ။ညသါပးာထ ငြတာရာဖေညထအငာကေအ ငြတလာကတရေ မျအးငရအးာသလ ၊စ းာမာလပာဆနတာယရက ငႏႈမငႏရရ ႈမငႏရရးကၾေြငေ တညသစ ႔ ငြတ

ခအကခအ အခ႕ ြတေကၾ ႕ ယြဖငႏ ။ညသါပရ းငြတအစႏးါငမထပ (ဘ႑ စႏးရော ၂၀၁၅-၂၀၁၀) စငာထေမအ းငါပေစစ ၁.၇ းာအးနသ မငပ ငႏကယနြကးငလးာအတာဓစစပလ နရငႏးပေကဆတခ ျးႏးငရ ငႏႈမႏပႇမ

ညအကအာညပးညန ကြတအ ာလၚဒေနကရမေအ းနသ ၇၀၀ ။ညသစဖျညမပအလ

တတစစနနငငငငလလးး လလပပစစစစဓဓါါတတအအာားး ရရရရမမႈႈ နနႈႈနနးးထထာားး

လလာာထထာားးသသညည လလပပစစစစမမးးသသြြယယတတနနးးမမႈႈ အအေေရရအအတတြြကက စစစစေေပပါါငငးး

ဇယား - ၁။ ျမနမာတစနငငလး လပစစမး ရရေရး လမးျပေျမပ နင ၾကားကာလ လပငနးျပးစးမႈ မတတငမား

တတစစနနငငငငလလးး လလ

ပပစစစစဓဓါါတတအအာားး

ရရရရမမႈႈ နနႈႈနနးးထထာားး

လလာာထထ

ာားးသသညည

လလပပစစစစမမးးသသြြယယတတနနးးမမႈႈ အအေေရရအအတတြြကက

စစစစေေပပါါငငးး

ဇ ယား

- ၁။

ျမနမာတ

စနငငလး လ

ပစစမး

ရရေရး

လမးျပေျမပ

နင ၾကားကာလ

လပငနးျပးစးမႈ မတတငမား

NATIONAL ELECTRIFICATION RATE

တတစစနနငငငငလလးး လလပပစစစစဓဓါါတတအအာားး ရရရရမမႈႈ နနႈႈနနးးထထာားး

လလာာထထာားးသသညည လလပပစစစစမမးးသသြြယယတတနနးးမမႈႈ အအေေရရအအတတြြကက စစစစေေပပါါငငးး

ဇယား - ၁။ ျမနမာတစနငငလး လပစစမး ရရေရး လမးျပေျမပ နင ၾကားကာလ လပငနးျပးစးမႈ မတတငမား

The Plan adopts a phased approach to implement both grid and off-grid programs and calls for a roadmap with milestones of 50 percent electrification in 2020 and 75 percent in 2025 (Figure 1). Implementation in the near term will face several constraints such as human resources, supply of materials and availability of financing. So the investment prospectus for the first five years of the Plan (FY2015-2020) calls for 1.7 million households to be electrified at a cost of US$700 million in investment and technical assistance.

Despite the ambitious grid expansion program, more than one million households will remain without electricity for 10 or more years. These households, primarily in outer states and regions where settlements are sparse and the investment requirements per household are high, will be the focus of a systematic off-grid program that operates concurrently with the grid expansion plan. The off-grid program will consist of solar home systems, mini-grids and other technologies and is expected to help people living in low-income and remote areas of the country.

The sector-wide approach requires institutional reforms and comprehensive solutions to overcome financing constraints. In their current state, the institutions in this sector lack the capacity needed to implement the program efficiently and at a sufficient speed. To implement comprehensive reforms and build necessary institutional capacity, the Government will require substantial and sustained technical assistance, estimated to cost US$30 million over the next 5 years.

းနငပလ (၁)။ ရကလ စစပလ ျဖန႕ျဖးေရး ကးာမကယနြက ခ႕ းပၿငြထ ရေးဥလ ၆ ကြတအးနသ ၂၀၁၂ မငတမစႏခ းမစစပလ မပ နရငႏရရ နကရမေအ းနသာလၚဒေ ၃၀၀။

းနငပလ (၂)။ ၊းာမးနခးပေးဆေ ၊းာမးငာကေငသာစ ဘာသာေရး ငႏးာမအအကာဆေအ ကြတအနရးနြထးမးမလ ာလဆ ၊စနစ အေသးစား ငႏကယနြကစစပလ းမစစပလ ကြတအးာမးငချးနတယြသ မငပ စစပလ းငလးာအတာဓ

ပငပျ းမစစပလ းရေရရ ကြတအးာမမအစအ နကရမေအ ေဒၚလာ းနသ ၈၀။ းနငပလ (၃)။ ၊ညအကအာညပးညန ညရငာဆေးမြစ ျမ ငႏးငချကြရငာဆေငတငႇ းနကမစ နခမစ ႕ ကြတအႈမြခ

နကရမေအ ေဒၚလာ းနသ ၂၀။

ကကခးနမညရ ကြတအနရငႏရကာရေ ယခ ညသဥစအစအ စငာထေညပျ ငႏရးစအ ာရငဆသဒေ ရးစအ

အဖြ႕ ၊းာမးညစအ အျခား ြဖအကဖတမ ႕ ၊းာမးညစအ ကလၢဂပ းရေးာြပးစ မထးာမးနငပလ ငႏာညပးညန ေငြေၾကး ကးာမညအကအ ရယ ညမးာြသပျးသအ ။ညသစဖျ ညရစႏ ငႏြငေးခေ းညလကးာမြငေပကာထေ းနကမစ

ညထအငာကေအ ငႏနရာလၚပေ ကြတအနရငႏစဖျပလအညရရေ နရးာြသပျးသအယရ ။ညသါပးကႀးရေအ းနကမစ ညသာဖေညထအငာကေအ းငြတအစႏမထပ ခန႔ ခေးနမ နကရမေအ ေဒၚလာ းနသ က နရးာြသပျးသအ

းပၿးာထတမတသ းာမဥစအစအ ။ညသရကလကြရငာဆေ

ကႈမာဖေညထအငာကေအ ြတအနရငႏပျကအကာထေအ က ၊းာမးညၥစပ ငႏညအကအာညပးညန ညရငာဆေးမြစ တးငချငတငႇမျ ႕ နရကြရငာဆေ ညသဏဘာၻမက ငငႏာမနမျ းာအရးစအ ာလၚဒေနကရမေအ းနသ ၄၀၀ ညမးာြသညက

။ညသစဖျ ယခ ကးနကမစ ၂၀၁၆ ငႏ ၂၀၂၁ းငြတအစႏခ ာဖေညထငာကေအ းပၿစဖျညမးာြသကြရငာဆေ းနကမစ အက ကပခးဥ ငြတကာအေ ။ါပႈရတဖ

ကညရငာဆေးမြစ ကြတအနရငႏကာဆေညတ ငႏနေအရးစအ ကြတအညရရေ ညအကအာညပးညန းပၿစဖျညမပအလးာပျအးာမအ းငြတအစႏးါငညမာလ ခန႕ ချေးနမ းဖနတ ာလၚဒေနကရမေအ းနသ ၃၀

ခန႔ ။ညသစဖျညမရ

၅၅၀

The Plan serves to align technical and financial support from development partners, central and local governments, consumers, as well as the private sector toward a common goal. It also calls for vital concessional financing and grants to ensure the viability and sustainability of the Plan. During the first year of implementation, approximately US$550 million has been confirmed or is under preparation.

To support implementation of the Plan, the World Bank is providing US$400 million for the Government to acquire goods and materials, technical assistance and capacity building. The project will be implemented between 2016 and 2021 and the details of the project are summarized as follows:

Component 1: US$300 million for extension of existing distribution grid networks and to increase access to electricity for 6 million people by 2021. Component 2: US$80 million for off-grid electrification, including solar photovoltaic systems, mini-grids and electricity connections for clinics, schools, religious buildings and public street lighting. Component 3: US$20 million for technical assistance, capacity building and project management.

For further information, visit: https://energypedia.info/wiki/Achieving_Universal_Access_to_Electricity_in_Myanmar

The World Bank MyanmarNo 57, Pyay Road (Corner of Shwe Hinthar Road)61/2 Mile, Hlaing Township, YangonRepublic of the Union of Myanmar

www.worldbank.org/myanmarwww.facebook.com/WorldBankMyanmarmyanmar@worldbank.org

NATIONAL MEDIUM VOLTAGE GRID ROLLOUTEQUAL MEDIUM VOLTAGE PER PHASE

nPHASE 1

nPHASE 2

nPHASE 3

nPHASE 4

nPHASE 5

EXISTING MEDIUM VOLTAGE AND MEDIUM VOLTAGE SUBSTATIONS

This map is provided for indicative purposes only; source: NEP reports, 2015