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Pamatdarbības ar datu bāzes vadības sistēmu (DBVS) MS Access 2007Darba uzsākšana
Jaunas, tukšas datu bāzes izveidošana
Jau izveidotas datu bāzes atvēršana
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Veidojamo objektu izvēle
Tabulu veidošana
Datu ievade/izvades
formu veidošana
Datu pārskatu veidošana
SQL komandu un
makro komandu veidošana
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MS Access datu tipi
Datu tips Izmērs Apraksts
BINARY 1 byte per character
Any type of data may be stored in a field of this type. No translation of the data (for example, to text) is made. How the data is input in a binary field dictates how it will appear as output.
BIT 1 byte Yes and No values and fields that contain only one of two values.
TINYINT 1 byte An integer value between 0 and 255.
MONEY 8 bytes A scaled integer between– 922,337,203,685,477.5808 and 922,337,203,685,477.5807.
DATETIME 8 bytes A date or time value between the years 100 and 9999.
UNIQUEIDENTIFIER
128 bits A unique identification number used with remote procedure calls.
REAL 4 bytes A single-precision floating-point value with a range of – 3.402823E38 to – 1.401298E-45 for negative values, 1.401298E-45 to 3.402823E38 for positive values, and 0.
FLOAT 8 bytes A double-precision floating-point value with a range of – 1.79769313486232E308 to – 4.94065645841247E-324 for negative values, 4.94065645841247E-324 to 1.79769313486232E308 for positive values, and 0.
SMALLINT 2 bytes A short integer between – 32,768 and 32,767.
INTEGER 4 bytes A long integer between – 2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647.
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DECIMAL 17 bytes An exact numeric data type that holds values from 1028 - 1 through - 1028 - 1. You can define both precision (1 - 28) and scale (0 - defined precision). The default precision and scale are 18 and 0, respectively.
TEXT 2 bytes per character
Zero to a maximum of 2.14 gigabytes.
IMAGE As required Zero to a maximum of 2.14 gigabytes. Used for OLE objects.
CHARACTER 2 bytes per character
Zero to 255 characters.
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Datu tabulas izveidošanas varianti
SQL valodas izmantošana:
create ...insert ...
update ...
Vizuāla tabulas definēšana
norādot parametru
vērtības
Tabulas aizpildīšana ar datiem un automātiskas
struktūras definējuma
izmantošana
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SQL valodas izmantošana tabulas definēšanai
Create
Query Design
SQL View
create table FIRMAS(F_NUM number Primary Key,F_NOS text(30),TELEF text(11));
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Iegūtais tabulas definējums
Design View
Datasheet View
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SQL valodas priekšrakstu tipi
Select – Datu izgūšanas vaicājumi. Select ... priekšraksta (konstrukcijas) izmantošana.
Make Table – Datu izgūšana un ierakstīšana jaunā tabulā. Insert ... Select ... priekšraksta izmantošana.INSERT INTO target [(field1[, field2[, ...]])] [IN externaldatabase]SELECT [source.]field1[, field2[, ...] FROM tableexpression
Append – Datu raksta (rindas) pievienošana eksistējošai tabulai. Insert ... priekšraksta izmantošana.INSERT INTO target [(field1[, field2[, ...]])] VALUES (value1[, value2[, ...])
Update – Kolonu vērtību modificēšana. Update ... priekšraksta izmantošana. UPDATE table SET newvalue WHERE criteria;
Crosstab – Šķērstabulu veidošana (kolonu un rindu datu apmaiņa).TRANSFORM aggfunction selectstatementPIVOT pivotfield [IN (value1[, value2[, ...]])]
Delete – Datu rindu dzēšana. Delete ... priekšraksta izmantošana.DELETE [table.*] FROM table WHERE criteria
Union – Union operatoru izmantošana Select ... priekšrakstos.[TABLE] query1 UNION [ALL] [TABLE] query2 [UNION [ALL] [TABLE] queryn [ ... ]]
Pass-Through – Vaicājumi citiem serveriem ar atšķirīgu SQL valodas sintaksi.
Data Definition – Tabulu, skatu, indeksu un citu objektu izveidošana. Create ... priekšrakstu izmantošana.
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Tabulas struktūras definēšanas komandas
Tabulas struktūras definēšana:
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE table (field1 type [(size)] [NOT NULL] [WITH COMPRESSION | WITH COMP] [index1] [, field2 type [(size)] [NOT NULL] [index2] [, ...]] [, CONSTRAINT multifieldindex [, ...]])
Vienas kolonas ierobežojuma definēšana:
CONSTRAINT name {PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE | NOT NULL |REFERENCES foreigntable [(foreignfield1, foreignfield2)][ON UPDATE CASCADE | SET NULL][ON DELETE CASCADE | SET NULL]}
Vairāku kolonu ierobežojuma definēšana:
CONSTRAINT name{PRIMARY KEY (primary1[, primary2 [, ...]]) |UNIQUE (unique1[, unique2 [, ...]]) |NOT NULL (notnull1[, notnull2 [, ...]]) |FOREIGN KEY [NO INDEX] (ref1[, ref2 [, ...]]) REFERENCES foreigntable [(foreignfield1 [, foreignfield2 [, ...]])][ON UPDATE CASCADE | SET NULL][ON DELETE CASCADE | SET NULL]}
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Tabulu definēšanas piemērs
create table FIRMAS(F_NUM integer Primary Key,F_NOS text(20) not NULL,TELEF text(11));
create table DARBINIEKI(D_NUM integer constraint DARB_PK Primary Key,UZV text(30) not NULL,VAR text(20) not NULL,ALGA real,FIR_N integer,constraint SAITES_IEROB foreign key (FIR_N) references FIRMAS(F_NUM));
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Skata izveidošana (MS Access Jet Engine nestrādā)
CREATE VIEW view [(field1[, field2[, ...]])] AS selectstatement
create view FIR_DAR asselect F_NOS, UZV, VAR, ALGAfrom FIRMAS, DARBINIEKIwhere F_NUM = NUM_F;
MS Access var izveidot vaicājumu un to saglabāt (nosaukums FIR_DAR).1. Vaicājuma veidošanas norāde (Select izvēle).
2. Vaicājuma ievades varianta izvēle (SQL View izvēle).
4. Vaicājuma saglabāšana (Save As ...) ar nosaukumu FIR_DAR.
select F_NOS, UZV, VAR, ALGAfrom FIRMAS, DARBINIEKIwhere F_NUM = NUM_F;
3. Vaicājuma Select priekšraksta ievade.
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Indeksa izveidošana
CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX indexON table (field [ASC|DESC][, field [ASC|DESC], ...])[WITH { PRIMARY | DISALLOW NULL | IGNORE NULL }]
create index Ind_UZV on DARBINIEKI(UZV);
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Datu ievade tabulā ar SQL insert into komandu
insert into FIRMAS(F_NUM, F_NOS, TELEF) values(1, "AAA", "67112233");
Lai ievadītos datus ieraudzītu tabulā, jāizvēlas tabulai vispirms Design View režīms un pēc tam Datasheet režīms.
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Datu ievade tabulā ar SQL insert into komandu (turpinājums)
Ievade nenorādot tabulas kolonu nosaukumus. Rakstam tiek ievadītas visu kolonu vērtības.
insert into FIRMAS values(2, "BBB", "67223344");
insert into FIRMAS values(3, "CCC", "67334455");
Insert into komandu vizuālās ievades veidā realizē izvēle Append.
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Tabulas datu koriģēšana ar SQL update komandu
update FIRMAS set TELEF = "67111111" where F_NUM = 3;
SQL update komandu vizuālās ievades veidā realizē izvēle Update.
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Tabulas datu raksta nodzēšana ar SQL delete komandu
delete * from FIRMAS where F_NUM = 2;
SQL delete komandu vizuālās ievades veidā realizē izvēle Delete.
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Datu izguves vaicājumu realizēšana ar SQL select komandu
select F_NUM, TELEF from FIRMAS where F_NOS = "CCC";
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