10

VOC( )

NOx , NOx()

: : : (, PAN)

* Photochemical smog : * PAN :

NO, NO2, NO3, N2O, N2O3, N2O4, N2O5 7 NO(90~95%), NO2 ( NOx)

2NO + O2 2NO2 NO2 () NO + O O2 + O O3 ()

, ,

NOx

1969. 400MW 78ppm 73Mw 135ppm 1990. U.S. Clean Air Act(CAA)

(VOC, NOx 2 ) 170~500 .

1973 60ppm 50

, , ,

1963. 1977. 1990

( NOx )

NOx

2(Two Stage Combustion or Over fire Air Injection 1 80~100% : NOx 2 1 :

(Fuel Gas Recirculation)

NOx

NH4+ NO2-, NO3- Sox, Nox

NOx

NOx SO2 2

NOx H2, CH4 NOx SOx

. .

(NH3) (Selective Catalytic Reduction)

Nox () 6NO + 4NH3 5N2 + 6H2O 6NO + 8NH3 7N2 + 12H2O 4NO + 4NH3 + O2 4N2 + 6H2O

NH3 () : 4NH3 + 3O2 2N2 + 6H2O : 4NH3 + 4O2 2N2O + 6H2O 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O 4NH3 + 7O2 4NO2 + 6H2O

: 2NH3 + H2O + 2NO2 NH2NO3 + NH4NO2 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 2NH3 + SO3 + H2O (NH3)2SO4

: NO

: NO

NH3/NO : 0~1 NO

SO2 :

SCR V2O5/TiO2 :

, ,

(VOC)

VOC(Volatile Organic Compound) PAN

, , , ,

( , 31

VOC

: : , : , , : ,

, : , , : , : , :

: ,

(VOC)

VOC

(POCP : photochemical ozone creation potential)

(POCP = 100)

POCP

, POCP

POCP , ,

VOC ,

(VOC)

VOC

, 95% 2 (NOx. Dloxin )

2 . .

(VOC)

, , VOC

VOCs , 1940 , , , , VOC ,

(VOC)

VOCs + O2 CO2 + H2O + mineral acid

() () / (electron/hole pair) , VOC

TiO2 e- + h+

HCHO + H2O + 2h+ HCOOH + 2H+

HCOOH + 2h+ CO2 + 2H+

O2 + 4e- + 4H+ 2H2O

() () , ,

, ( , ) ( , )

1000 100

30~100

CO HC NO x SO2 *TSP

30.3 14.1 11.3 - 5.8

24.9 27.1 10.0 2.1 6.0

13.5 12.2 31.8 32.3 32.6

19.8 20.8 46.5 65.6 54.0

11.8 25.7 0.4 0.1 1.5

: %

*TSP (Total Suspended Particle):

1994 1997 2000 2005

SO2 1,603 1,891 1,104 1,201

NOx 1,192 1,421 1,606 1,933

CO 1,156 1,500 1,528 1,464

HC 146 156 160 174

TSP 429 491 544 641

4,526 5,459 4,942 5,413

1994 1997 2000 2005

2,152 2,415 2,265 2,412

1,333 1,598 2,453 1,618

643 924 698 850

398 522 56 533

4,526 5,459 4,942 5,413

(1)

(2)

:

:

(SO2)

-B-C

- ()

-, , ,

,

-

-: 0.03ppm

-24:0.14[ppm

-1: 0.25ppm

(TSP)

-

-, ,

-,

-(, benzopyrene)

-: 150/m3

-24: 300/m3

(CO)

- ( )

- ,

- , ,

-1: 8ppm

-8: 20ppm

(NO2)

- ,

-

- ,

-HC

-: 0.05ppm

-24:0.08[ppm

-1: 0.15ppm

(HC)

-

-

-NO2

(O3)

- NO2,

- , ,

, , -

-8: 0.06ppm

-1: 0.1ppm

(Pb)

- ( )

-

- , , -3: 1.5/m3

('92. 3)

: ,, (200) 2 (398) : , , , : , .. , ,50%

('95. 5)

: : 5% , 1 : , , , 30%

(95.8-9)

:

: (38 1), ,

65 (70317),

1.6 0.8 km, , ,

, ..

(91.12.10)

: (30)

: 2.2

( + ) () 60

: : : - , , , - , - LA

1966 1973 (1972, ) 1975 : CO, HC 1/10, NOx 50% 1978 , (EGR )

1/10 (CO, HC, NOx)

1980: , 1973

1984: , , 1974

1987:, ,

1988: ,

: 8Km 5

:

CO, HC, NOx 3 3

: CO + O2 CO2, HC + O2 H2O + CO2 : NO + CO N2 + CO2, NO + HC N2 + H2O + CO2

: , , : (A/F ratio=14.7)

A/F> 14.7 : CO, HC , NOx A/F< 14.7 : CO, HC , NOx

: : NO x

: ,

(TSP)

, , ,

, :

: , : ,

: :

(HEV) : HEV

( ) ( )

. .

,