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TPR (Total Physical Response)

*INTRODUCTION

*TEACHING METHOD

*EXPLANATION

*CONCLUSION

TPR

Introduction

Theory Background

Dr. James J. Asher

1970’s

“Learning Another Language Through Actions”

The viewpoint of language Use imperative and concrete object to

teach

Asher indicates that human has a set of language acquisition device (LAD)

When learners decode enough language, they will speak out without thinking

Teaching Objective

Learning through actions

Comprehension is more important than representation

Learners should listen to more meaningful sentences and response in gesture

The viewpoint of instruction

Trace theory-oral repeat, gesture or body action

Humanism-learner’s emotion

The description of proper term

Comprehension: In education, it has roughly the same meaning as understanding.

Action: A process or condition of acting or moving

Reference

廖曉青 (2002), 英語教學法

Asher. J. (1982). Learning Another Language Through Actions : the Complete Teacher’s Guide Book. Los Gatos, California: Sky Oaks Productions

Teaching Method

First class Goal: students will be able to identify 6 parts of

the body and learn the verb” point to”

ex: point to your head/nose/ear… Material: no Vocabulary: head, nose, chin, ear, face, mouth Activities: listen and point Outcome: teachers will evaluate the students’

learning by playing games or make them do the actions individually

Second class

Review: mouth Touch your chin head nose ear face

Second class

Teach: Stand up Sit down Point to the wall ceiling door chair table floor

Second class

Teach: go to school

Walk to the classroom → Open the door→Close the door→ Walk to your seat→Put down your school bag→ Sit down→Take out your textbook

Explanation

T P R class arrange

Goal : our goal is to let the beginners have the initial speaking skill and the comprehension is the way to achieve this goal.

How many vocabulary items in one lesson: Nine new vocabulary items in one lesson is an average achievable goal

Ask for/expect no oral participation

If you do have a student with some very limited oral production skills in your class, he is probably going to want to recite along with you. You will need to persuade him to do it with his mouth only and not voice his sounds so that other class members listen only to native speaker modeling. Don’t encourage verbal responses from the students – only actions.

The roles teacher and students play

Teacher is like a director of a drama. Students are like the performers.

Teacher will issue the command and students are just the passive receivers

Teacher shouldn’t correct too much about students’ mistakes and shouldn’t interrupt students’ speech by correcting the mistakes, because this will hinder them.

Material

TPR usually doesn’t have material. But in the later part, material becomes more important.

As for beginners, teacher doesn’t use the material, because teacher’s voice, actions and gestures are enough for teaching activities.

Teaching activitiesThe teacher uses the imperative form of

the verb throughout (Point to … Walk to …Touch the etc.)

Teacher have to notice that when we make a command, we need to make it proper order.

First, teacher should follow the principle of listening first and speaking later on.

Second, we should let the command chronologically

Teaching steps

Every TPR lesson needs to include four steps:

1)Review 2)teaching/learning. 3)practices or rehearsal. 4)testing or evaluation.

Conclusion

Advantages

Stress-free

Long-term retention

Easy to implement/no translation

New playing field: no disadvantage

for academically weaker students

Advantages

Trains students to react to language

and not think about it too much

Repetition is disguised: more effective

input

Different style of teaching/learning

Disadvantages

Students who are not used to such things might find it embarrassing.

It is only really suitable for beginner levels.

You can't teach everything with it. TPR is not a complete method but a

teaching skill.