7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

1/44

'" p - ,; -

, ' 3\ . .. . .. ~

/ . / ' " , ',,

I ,, /

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

2/44

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

3/44

i

t

. ,

,.

",po-

"

. .

Cover

Vol. XXXU

No.2

November, 1983

Asvina-Kartika, 1905

,. ,

'. .,' .

, Sub-Editor

S:.Mailjula

,. . . -.

Assi t~ EditorN.'N. ~ h :i rm a

"M, M .. Parmar,

,Editor

;. Ratna-Juneja'

, . , . . .

. - '"

~:'

Rao Birender Singh

'-~. . . ,

'. . ~.t. 1"

.. - -1 ., ' '

:" """,,--'"

''7'1~",7

~-< '~ . ,.

; . ;. . ~{

:

..,.

"I,>

',~

(India's Journal of rural develppment)

Wor/J Food Day Special Number

"

H u r u k s h e l r u .

"H;}Zl~ ;!.I~~i'.....,UHt1oj t

~'>1i'.l"oh8~h -,-,~j,""l" : " :1 , - ,

i,

(

\

4

5 Modhumita Mojumdar

8 ": ,: )1 " :, . ' . , ,, {, !~,: ::} ~nri:'U1_r~rf; tTi '.:'Ie'-' ~ -" ' ! " . ' " sA M IRACLE'. 3 . 4 'H:~ Raj Gil('i'.' '," ,,!'", < ' . : '1 ' .. : '. J ' " ':'T HEYsi rownm WAy'",'to i: h - : '1 . - ' . . , ' 0.. ..tj~.(Tl t ~rH. ~Jf': t, . '1:.~' '{ 36

. W....l:.I ,'.'l-j'" .'}t .~ITI- b."'l1.t! l;{JL. 01" '-~i -~~o" .,--.!

fT ' - q fll ;,} "!I'-ii~llj!':L :.t!.~ r ,._.-. ':(1 ,v,_~r""'~"':r'"~' "",,,,., f,,:.,,r~;:~usiness..,M.~riaget. Plip~~~'?~:,P!vi~ ",1

" ',..' ~on,Pati~l"H'lu~.e.~~w1?elbi,:lJ0,,?1~.I,''''d ....' lEd'! "'I'O'.ffi" ['K',',b'Bh.. ,"'IN ' ...r\ r.. J. " L OrIa , _ c,e .: ,!l,S 1 _ ay aE , ' . ew

" ..., ~ Drlh' '~1100'bl ''',1/_o\H'[ ~\.,...j"fir"j;'"'J'. AJ1 .1 H:,oi.;l'H{'J:'l

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

4/44

I " t " 1_ ~,J.., ... f ~

(y ~'JU~.(,.f..

ro t ~ .',.1il"':::jLl>, (uJ

J.H,n (lO( n

1/'Jll'10 I U:lO

RAO BIRENDER SINGH'

Uoion Minister of Agriculture

Q IIO/') (J;/I -.ntltl5',)O)l'Q '-'(HH q't-In,Ifor the biennium 1983-84, is of the orderloLUS$)1,57r

de . ponded to the appeal made by Director-General ofPresently, there are 12 projects which are in ope- the FAO and rushed emergency supply 0 Lebanon.

ration with WFP's food assistances ir, India. These Thus, in this way we are co-operating with WFP ininclude seven .'~evelopmental projects and five nutri- mar.sha!li~gthe. resources at a minimum price,tioool and fe~din'gprojects. The developmental pro- (JH!q"On'!'!r' ~~-'11111:":;1 ~.J". 'J!J:! i

jects include' the''foOihtssistance for the labour work- By completing 20 years of its useful eXistimce,WFP

ing On the Rajasthan Canal as well as for the settlers is .n?~1~nt~rM'!L~,;~~lYphas":;J;~ phase ~ which it is

in the Command of this Canal, Forestry activities in bem~\,'i:\I''1'!;,~!,?,n.t~sli~?I~r,j)igher,responsibilities,

Mahamshtra~".i!!i~~t~9n.~~ndcommand area develop- The ,,;r~;oui~~.~~~;~~ltp~if.9.~~n~;,-?f~'~,~enables itment in Maharashtra and Karnataka and integrated to accelerate developmental .projeCtsin' the develop- ..l

rural development in Haryana. These projects relate ing countries. WFP will nciw"be'playing' another 00-

to the prograillines\irlcluded in the 20-Point Program- portant role in the pre'~aration of beneficial projects '

me laid down'Iby 'the Prime Minister. Under these for the countries asking for its assistance. I am sure

projects, the food commodities are provided to the that the Worla'P6od . Progfalllliie'cwill' expand its

* Inaugural.Messagebroadcast on All India Radioa nd activitieSt'in the',eoming'years. and be'strenglhened andlelecasl on Augu!t 20, 1983 in connection with the 20th better.,equippedHQ,fulfil;its laudable.\but challenging ,

'f'i'l""~ '.nnniv~rsa.l.'" ...v.,'orld Food Programme task:.in the service~of\hum-anity: . .

4 :t,; KURUKSHETRA November, 1983

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

5/44

MODHUMITA MOJUMDAR

.'i

"

;'~ 1./.

"h. ,,;.)_ I

i11).J";uf;n.rl I.n fl ur~.I,J1iJ') I, 1 ~.;~I.,,~,".)-,''., : i" -

l',J d..'t:lJrJlq Jft) ~ ~fj -:.'q.....r . . . Jf; t il . .f . l!; ~.,:,~~L:d.::"jJ1IPiJTJ 1001~:J':.j(" ',,1 h U:;il,f>- .

..q ~ir; r,H() ][1.111 pi~~~,~jj,'i',ill',';'_. fiJid",

(~TI! 'Ail or ;'Jr'fI'jrnl.i Hun... j~wjnJ."1 ,:) r."~'

ri' "I>/"' '/". l ,iI: jl: 1;11.,')I;:J .A~.~i1~1'j! 'I:'(:""";"J

,'..I .: > " ',i .(l,ill f;iOli !11.,'YP:' Jdi, oliN .w,:m[p~'l();

':Ilj, d .t~H:,,':;j" t tOi.;1 -!.H:;b":.rq,;l~"'!'Jotl.:;:' ~nib1,~{.H "f

',' \ 'r.JJIJ .> ~ d(;. f/"Xfbrl .f.l[ ~lT/f .~:Arrqt'JiiHiq

11-" p;, 11" 'HlI'':J/O!.: . ,.{) :S,i, iii ".' - ,1 1 , ,1~;.J{ .: :> H ir i

.qiih-'ll~f; J t t . . . . . ~"')!fi ..1-nO

_. ,.q .:,q ",< i .. ...,.',.. ;I.:.i::.:lJlq A-~I);f. ,)'l-i,~) 1 .11('"i.1 ni

.ILC1 [1;:''''",,,/ -'jrrt I!t) ..1r);rOI "'. ~'l!Jor!I..'-;h ;.-:;~r,h ,:tl.1)1;",., ir. '1!;' '", 1 :.,,:/; ,.;fq.l b'.Jm',~,I,..nl.,J ;f.;rtJf r./;i;.n~

iJiJI~.''1' J.;.:.if.-/r: G~..-f ')rll ...'t.('r,o,~,', ow!! ':;'jJ/

.t',~ '.'!', ,;, ,.W7I1 ,"'j~:....~~/" :'!,I~iJnL ;)il;~ll!11:.;:.;11l ;';'ir

.. i ,'If! '~., ! 1 n: ,'...r~tu t .. lI ........;j(jrl ~,nif...:illd lin:;

'T;"W,; ..,':'r"tifH .. / . '_ , l l m, Ii. (rJ ...lil;(li hj~d"r:~.,;l.C iL; -(1,.1

PI,r:.; ~tu", 1t'n.'i'li.,jrnlbt '11 In-:-l!...'A!l ~:f}I(J~.,;OI:,I,;

.liJqlf:~,

,

0',10: ,!;..jr~, "~l;j ,: o(uffUr'.)If)-i . f - : " .-.:il\ji,.....l~ 'Fill

;.;~j(Jlrr '..., ' .. }.; .j"""Ld rll .....nllf!L-;.'.~~jGjfl~l1I.;h;'J;: ;J1[L.

i,r,J 0. A.,~A!\9E_NU.tvlBER..\IF,J:P''9P}eiJV?~;:d"ve~ol'!-,I

'J; apel.f1~ve1op'ingS9un~q~~,~!!k",:i'tY",a~si~t~I1

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

6/44

few developed countries and large}y comprise secon-

dary .grains for livestock feed: .

It is a peculiar psychology, therefore, which

prompts the rich countries to cut down on production

rather than give aid in the shape of food products for

the development of resource-poor countries. Indeed,

countries which cannot sustain their own aid pro-

grammes can contribute smail amounts to the WFPbasket. And evcn aid-recipient countries such as

India, Pakistan, Cuba, Ghana and Botswana, h'ave

given products like sugar; rice, dried fish, cocoa and

canned meat for the benefit of co@tries far poorer. f

than them. . .,' ,-, 1 .~.l

Serving the poor

GIVEN THE INHERENTCONSTRAINTS,'and tbe fact. that though the food needs of developing CO)ln-tries have increased, the amount of cereal aid is stl/g-nating, it was remarkable that WFP in 1982 'com-

milled 630 million dollars for new projects in ,'33

countries and spent another 142 million dollars to

assist people affected by natura.! and.man-made ,cala-

mities. This in the face .of the rise in population in

the poorer countries would mean that more cereals

have to be bought by them in international markets.

So,. in effe"t, the total 'al]lount of cereaIs that came to

them as aid accounted for only 18 per cent of the

imports in: 1981, as ''against 28 per cent, of the total

five fears earlier (in 19.76). c,

In 1982, however, WFP . movedaImost .two 'Illil"

lion tonnes of food acro~ the world, iJsj!)g~hips, train"s,

riverbarges and trucks. More, than 1,700' comjner-

cial liners and. cbartered ships were used. And, when"

ever possible, the Programmes 'used.ships with bona-:

fide ownership 'of developing countries.. So, ,though

only ninc pcr cent of thc world tonnage is,heW by

developing ."ations, 24 per cent of WFP shipments

moved on s,uch vcssels. Chartering, of ships is .one"of

many measures which keeps costs down 'and WEP;s

administrative costs tota.lled less ;tban six per cent ,.ofthe' ;yalueof food delivered. . q ."

- ) . " .,.:;(; . (The programmes arc envisaged by national govern-

ments; bul WFP monitors them with' the help of its

field .staff "and ensures .that there is '00 wastage and

that the projects are run efficiently . alid on sche-'

dule.'- Though it does not have ,a large lechnieal staff,

it cooperates with the. UN and agencies such as FAO,

1LO, UNICEF, UNESCO, draws ',on iheir ,expertise,

and helps governments obtain other forms .of assist-

ance from bodies like .the World Bank. ' ",

WFP helps governments ,carry out .school, fee4ini

projects, especially at the prlm'ary leyel. In Demo-

cratic Yemell,' children of nomadic Be4ouin" tribes

6

1received very little education ill the past. Now, the

government. with vital support from WFP, has set' up

boarding schools especially meant for them. In the

Philippines, WFP bas helped save on students' food

bills, with the result that the government can now

offer more scholarships.

In Egypt, Food-for-work progr!1t1)meshelped pay

the wages of labourers working on the Aswan Damproject which tral!sformed barren desert to farmland. ~

More than 82,000 people were involved in construct-

ing irrigation and drainage systems, improving the soil

and building houses. Many others, in fact the whole

country, benefited indirectly from these massive efforts

at increasing the extent of farmland and raising crop

ontput.

WFP is assisting the government's transmigration

and settlement programme. In Indonesia, one project

alone'istheJpirii over' 20/l00 families to move frdmdensely populated areas to virgin lands. WFP is prO-

vidi!1g ihemvitalassislanee that will help them rehab:-

litate ilieiuselves and carry oilt scientific farm practiceso n a1 p e r m a r t e n t basiS;" ,'." .

, '. i L,t .,f _ -1'. .-f:'!;'; ~. 1

t ..i - . ,

-J\' FORESTRYPROJECT'IN eastern Turkey used WFPrt'~ssistirice to teach' subsistence farmers ecol6gi-cally sound' methods. 'In' Syria, 3,000 women hav~

recei~edJhandicraft training'which has ["isedtheir

in~e.".~n .China"ioo,

(tub ':",fJrll ~J.;. .-" i- J, f . ', '" "'l ~ -, I.,nf.o

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

7/44

J ,j.. ~,

_ '. m: .0;'. ,hi

' ; ' 1 l;,)H~i:Jnb'flfJ1" ; . t n t . - !

.1 \',m ...C )

"",;.\',,)'i','")

.~h.

" . . J . . ". \

'. . ~",'.

of wheat werc loaded. to WFP by India for emer-

gency relief operations in Nepal. Another 6,600

tonnes of wheat was loaned to WFP by the GO'Vern-

ment of India. for delivery to the Mennonite Central

Committee in. Calcutta. While WFP is replenishing

these last two loans, some 300 tonnes of sugar were

gifted as outright don~tioll by India to Lebanon,

following an appeal to it by the FAO Director.Gene-

ral in view of the need for such an emergency relief

in that country.

SUCR COOPERATIONBETWEEN developing coun.

tries in general, and those of the Asian and P~ci-

fic regions in particular, is no doubt a hopeful sign

for the poorer nations of the world. Irideed, it is en-

couraging that despite its import of wheat in 1982

India has by and large become less dependent on

foOd aid, as have Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines

and Sri Lanka in_more recent years. Yet, this region

ali a whole aCCOUntedfor arlittlel,,'overH,l.OO :milliQ)l'

doilars of emergency'food.relicf pr'ovided,hy"Wm' Ih1981, or nearly 60per.eent of theJH8' milli(ln:d()ll~rsprovided 'by' the ProgralilmefroiIi .its 1oWl!,resoll1'~.~S

and the. International Emergency,,,'Food,,,,.R~~rve

(lEFRk Clearly, :it is.a:crisis-pro@ area, the crisis

being precipitated :by nature.: as :we11:'as'by !JlliU1. lJn

this eontext, it is doubly Igratifying' .that ,with-jthe,h~IPof the large donors, as well as with the will a!1dod"te~,

mination of the affected countries, .relief assistance to

refugees .in,mariy parts of' this; region ig'being'rua'n~-

formed to' perrnarieriV'resettlethent ~~r(jjU{s. '.w hile, I ..j", _. -.'. ,";- ,.,ft ''1 ,".--.~r"'''V-'''''f .-.rr"

cel~?r~ting,t.o/~ dec~d~ of j~e'fiste,!?~

"~~~

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

8/44

',. . " ,- ;:;'

'- , .

_ r .,

~.'" 'f .r., ,')

!-. ,

.'""

... ,

, .'f< '

. '~

(:,'

..{ I"" ,"

. f

t'-~

~:..

-

I

, >4

3,01,33,173',,

, q

iJ t ,( "

. 1 > - ' t_ h' '.t.

, . ." .

. rt

. 6,340,320 5,92,18,588

::,10,~14,200 ...,.9.35,32.62~

.341,000 " 31,84,94~

2

2,581

'15,096

43,540 ,

, 550

.,.'!;" .

Vegetable oil-

Soya Fortified

.Bulgar. ')

-Wheat.. .~Pulses

t,

WFP food-102,630 tonnes of wheat, 3,100 tonnes

of dried' skim milk (DSM) and 2,800 tonnes of

edible oil, valued at approximately US $ 32.30 million-has been committed for two different irrigation Jmd

command area development proJects in Karnataka

.,'~, ' ~ .'_ . : ; ; . '.',' . .- .;.,.,' ~':." -)

W()r1

geticy situations arising ;'from' 'natural'onman-mailedisasters. ;.r.' l' /;,; 'I";F - ,,' ) '11'. :'. ) '~;.:r'i.'::..3 1t1., _ .." .".,' """'!I '.1 - "_~'-, ,~!1 11"0 :".1,1 ':r

India is an active donor .as well as a major rect-...."'. . ,' 1,' ., ~-- -, ',1 ,. '"' /"-.-'.' ,. '.

pient'. of WFP assistance, India's contribution from. .'. ,,'~.' 11 "', -' 1 1ft-.'. ,rtj:;,f ',' l.'", '~~',:

the inception of the Programme, mcludmg the pledgefor-the~,bi~!mi~_,19~r8~~, ~;~,l]~,~$9"~~;m i I i ! , .'p .India's cOntribution is currently provided' in the form

..,ofcommOditieS'su~b~,': " 3 81

tea', ~~iiga~lI5iri~t~~sl{ a~drice. . .1"",,. ,') l}oj, .m' ..I, ,Ju' :\1 :1J'.1I' t,

.UiYr'fl .;'>

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

9/44

'd

and Maharashtra Stat~. WFP food is !iOldat con-

cessional rates to the labour working on the Mahi-

. prabha and Upper Krishna (Stage I) Irrigl!tion

Schemes in Karnataka and the Jayakwadi and Bhinia

Irrigation Schemes in Maharashtr;!. The two pro-

jects envisage generation of 107 million mandays of

em.ployment for the rural work~rs. The sale pro-

ceeds of Rs. 85.2 million are to be used for the deve-

lopment of infrastructure in the two States a~d social

amenities for the workers.~ Aiding forestry activities, p - 'r 'J

W !{:t~:y ,~ i~ ~ { Z ~ r!~ 7 ~ 6 1 1 : l t ig ,~ ;6 1 1 t!c l'!hPuises ,andc~OOtonnes DSM, valued at US $ 33.5

._"._.;._~ {I" ",

During;the .five-year.life of the project, Government

plans to provide. unlined water-courses to about30,000 .indiVidual arnlS"of 6.32' hect3ies:~ch cor-

responding to '';''iotal of "'19'0,000'hectares cultivable

~ancl: ar~:l U;'. ":.'1"; It .' ;.'. ,n,,-~

.JY.;.".' '." '" 1 ., '. ~ ".) ;.; .,. ,. 'An amount of Rs. 20 rrullion that' "iemained un-

'cOinmittoo under';the Ra]aSth!ffi'Canal, Project would

be used under this':project' as 'a revolvil)g fund for

1I1~~res~-~\,.e!?"n~"~~,~\,, new. settlers ,~or

m the development of their land. . ... ~,,~,' .

;I.;'t:o Soupple1J:!.~9J!lry,nutrition, programme

.'l:~:~l~~~:~~~~S~~;I~t:=~:u:t~::~~r:

'been fliSsiStetlbytl1e'C;WFP .siiiceMarch 1976. The

,total Value' o f WFP'iaSsiStarice:to'thiS piojecUs ' ap .proXinia,te1yUS$' 114 '"lni1Iion.'" WJ'pJ'supplies" i'of

'222\622 tonties' of soya f6rlifi~ bulgar,14,337tomies

. r : , . . ' F :;r.,l O~"-" ,I ;, r : iI' .~w. "';.'11)0' i

U):.-t 'ji!.i r..,,:IJ;:;::'l'i :JF'.j ~ 'Ii~'''''1~l!-.'"

of what, 24,262 tonnes of edible oil and 1,811 tannes

DSM are to be used for the preparation of cooked

food which is provided during 270 day~ of the year

through about 12,000 SNP feeding centres to an ave-

rage of 1.8 milliqn pre-sehgal children and 200,000

expectant and nursing mothers in the low income

groups. These beneficiaries are mainly in urban

slums and the drought-affected rural and tribal areas

of ten' States namely, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Kerala,

Madhya Pradesh, Maharasb,tra, Orissa, Rajasthan,Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. WFP assistance to

this project is now in its. third phase,

With the inclusion of two more States, Haryana

and Jammu & Kashmir, the next phase of this project,

with additional WFP commitment of 130,595 tannes

of soya fortified bulgar, wheat and 15,455 tonnes of

edible oil, valued at US $ 65,027 miI1ion, is likely

to commence by the end of December 1983. ThispbIl~~"woula c'over'i~~12~iilil1iOn:benefiCiaries iIf' 112

s i a : i l i i ; fot"a"~ii&i;roi thfee yeats,'" ., '. 0' , "."IFdi~':J,~~~~Q 'l):.JT'~:n; ',:,1 ..~ t : : ; . . . . : .

- WFP;:hascpro-vided"wheat; dried skim .milk , and,

edible .oil:for. 220,000 ,beneficiaries u~ck:r.three' other

nutrition, interventioihr projects ,for educational and

social'.w!,lfaie; iristitutions"iIi"fKarnataka ,and Ma.Jul-

rashtraib The totilLcost Jo ,WFP,cof these ,three .pra-,

jects 'i.s'.approximately .uS: $,28.5 million. ~venty-five

percent of. the'Ifinancial. savings" (Rs. ',75.1, million.)

resuiting:fromWfP; food. assistance haye already been

utilised fof th~;improvement of'facilitiesjn the COll-

cerned';beneficiary;,institutionsin. the two StateS; The

entire' WFP" food,commitment has, been deliveied,tothe three projects.' , .' ", '

""J~,.l

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

10/44

~tJf'f.jr J ?l tJfl., ,~!V ". ~~bn()()j lr} noi :I~;::~.~..:: ~11l' ~ ~_

t.c~{~H 10..- : ; ..h '} . .~ ~1:;w:b f ,-,}"fr; 01; f)j ~n'~.J~.; mI.!' .':'" osure'rt(jf'infectidri'and facili-

ties fOr the'propei" ~nd~atlltary" preparation' 'Of iinant'

feeds are lacking. ~

"" ' ,HE ;t?~Al'lTAGES'~F:~,ri!~st:f~edl~.g"are .m~ny.1:1 Some of them' are : " " . t ' . . l0 ~.r, 1-~t1 ,11 I(-_.l-:"".~; TI'N :..,wrb In _;/!: Ln ., '"

'IL' (ahBteast-milk is ,the best ~Jlatural' food ,dar

1\ 1, .babies.....rt.!":>m '~f h-itir" - ,.'

~'-J~'~'(b)~Bi~ast:iniikt~'isa lw a y s ' c1i~n~"'1:t'.:1 r.'t 1 J .lfl t! .J1"'lOT( ...t~~~ 'r;l';:I. -l'

~,.1:(c.) ,-BreasHnilk protects :the, baby ftom :diseases.

W ,"1'( d)"BreastCnlilk) s ' av~ilabfe'24' h o u r sa d a y and-,,~.J :n;" ' r e 4 r t i r e s - " : n 6 " s p e c i ~ 1 ~ p : i ~ p a r k ti ( m :, - . " .~.rji'-v'i1t[,l:-J ~ .,~ "~..'.d \.1111. '\~ l 1 'if'1 _ fn .

(e) Breast-milk is nature's gift to Ithe, infant and

does not need .to b purchased."';' L-JI:;'~,!rl~iClqlifh }o :'"' rlq l..." ..( 1If, ',;,1,:]'. ~''''l

Z '1J ;" r :! "H 23n "O F [ jj tn~W:"'I,;'1" qrr;1'lor,' r'.-

10 nnnot (?~.:~.i VI:.. h.5" ~'. i'Jr' ,~( :~

~bJH Ii trtOillWi .' ':0 ~ ;.f' I ,."l..~,~rf) i.ZilIT .F..3QI l-.,dm ".J:JJ( 1 ['1 "," "J"fl I~ "' . _ n . : . ~ f.,1

T

:HB,iNU:r-RI.TJON,.of n'young: ,children is ,. causing,great concern among the"scienttstsc\lJecause clllld;

is the chief victim of the interplay of nutritional,

sbCib-eebrtonllcand'health factors.l:hat cause ma1nutri-

tiot1\f(Rapid1grciWtharid developmeht 'of 'the 'bOdy dur-.

iiigctlieTfirsFfive years -oLlife. indtc~ethe need 'for

iIicrease

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

11/44

\' ',,2. Dilute the milk for young babies- \

4i

(

2

,'

::

with

of cow's milk is as good as.j.

3Mixing up and preparing powdered milk should

i/'be properly uilder'stood. ,."'l/J1q }._1'h"J (,'.;._--~f" ~ :"'1;.. ~,

- ,. tn ' . " ' :; " " , ' .1, - .1"' :. . ,{ ,,' ,

It is very. expensive .to feed. a baby'j{ ." ' , ~, ,;- '""' " , l' .,.. ".,' '.'

correct amounts of powdered, milk.~,. _. j

.!.t;IINo " ! preparationj, mother 's )milk:

II ;:;;,

,{"jj !....Jl' ~ I .'

. J ' " ' . , ' lh'J ., ,I

Breast-feeding is the best feeding until a child is '

18-24 months old.

Supplementary Feeding:-Breasl-milk is an excel-

lentfood, andthisJeeding shonld be encouraged. How-

e,

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

12/44

Pre-school children

1753S I.

40' ;

,20 '

10

300" .. r1530 f ~it

'1-3years 40-6years

+

< ( - , '

"~I . : 1

I ,t

. ,

.'

.

, '

Food/tern

Cereals '.Pulses

!L~afy-Vegetables-:

Other v egetables

Roots and Tubers

Milk . . .

fFOil and" Fat : ::: , '/.'" .

Sugar 9rjaggeryj ';. 'j'.

, '" School' cl1'ilclren.!',

": . Oil.. ~- - ~ { . 'F~~~", i., '..\ t o ~ ~

,F.eeding small ch~dren should, bea priOrity within

the, fa!l)ily. ,F:ee~ the YOjl11g,child ,first 'because he

eats slowly and cannot compete with older children

and adults for the limited food prepared for a meal.

F~edtli~ girls asrn.iich and as fr.,quentiy as,tiieboys.By' the"time the child is 2 yean; old"he or she should

eat half as much' itS a n adult. It is gool foi: a'small

child to have his own plate and portion of food.

When a child is ill, he still needs nourishment. He

may lose his appetite, but he ~eeds' strengtheta get,

better from the illness. Time and care must be taken

to help, an ill child cat ,enough food..,( I

The balanced diets for pre-school children 'are :

A ,"HER THE 'FIRST, YE~R,' a child is usually' able to: eat the, food, prepared for the family. In,otherwords, he starts ,sharing the familY.diet, It is"griod to

separate a little food on to ,a separate plate'for. theyoung child; care should be taken to include atleast

3 ,kinds of food. In that way, it is possible to see ~,

how' mucn tliec~ild is given and how n)uch he Ieats.

Ouring, ,cooking, it' may be necessary 'to rem~~e a " _ ~ ' . . , . . , , o r - ' ' ' . - ~ " , , ; " . . ' . ,1"'"

portIOn for 'a young chdd before addIng the strongspices.

quat" amounts anlL.mixtures of vegetable foods are

given.. Aftcr 'introdiJcing 'a new rood, ilis ,good to

walUor a rew'days Defore hitrodudng"luiother,l'ood.. "'- . : ; ,.... '. -~. ~

T HE REQUIREMENTS OF the school-going childrenare more because of growth, increased physical

activity a,hd the stress'.Of scliooling and learning. "It

requires Some change' in their rood habits iiIso as they'

no, longer can afford tochave Small meals 'at' 'sliort"

intervals: .. Besides, they maid",ve to develop' 'taste!

for dry foods give'nin the packed lunches. .'., '

I' (Conld. onp . 14)"

. At first, when the baby is still being breast-fed,

give cereal porridge, 1-2 small spoonful twice a day.

The amount and .the number of feeds per .day may

be' increased gradu,lly. By 6-9 months of age, a

child ~hould be fed 3-4 times a day in addition tobreast feeds.

At first, when a child is learning t9 take new fOOds,

give the food when the child is hungry before breast

fcilds. When the child is taking porridge or the mix-

tures well, giVe the breast feed first or between othermeals. "Rcmember; breast-feeding shouldcontinU(; fortwo full years, 'if possible. . ' '.

be used to l)1a1

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

13/44

..;)iqqu;; ~r~'7I.ni").:>,:1'\ l F"'ul1 ;...:..,:~~'.,~C:~f.V.ut(lJ ~._-~;'_ _:.:.!~.;;'\O.[\t~'OJ un:: ". ~, d-~-:i:.r"n. ;~1. ... v .. ~_.

!i~!billi~ o:~~>2? .~>:r;(~.. ..!:"?t": ~. -. ",-.

. ,

. t'j

.. t '

, , , I ,, .'v

_ 1';'f'i:~.

t o ; . - t ('}

."

.C ) v' \ -

.q f

.0 _ _ '\ to.

Child.d 'e v e 1 :< ): p tn en t >~pd. . '. "nutrition

. . . ~."-

' ' ' ~ , . < . . : ' " '-,i:l~" .

";1. ';,.

thqMinistiy .of Social Welfare. The donations. frd!ii'

the .,public; .,corporate bodies, public 'sector "uiidettak~'ingsJiild .sale:of.lye seals act.as ihtoii:U!sof the' Ftitid~

An .arilountof ,Rs.' L07crore -stands credited" to the

Fund,ilsorr Ereeeihber 1982.." j'Gi -

:'fIiescheh1e o f Integrated Cliild Deveiopinint Ser~vices (fCDS) aims at providing a package

in 1978-79. 50 projects in 1979-80, 50 projects in

1980'8-1 and .1GOprojects in 1981-$2. it has be~adecided H>launi:ili320 additional projects dur{ng"i982~83,.1AA:atioii-of all these.projectS has siiJ'cebeeiI"/in~~tl

lised in consultation with State Governments/UTs'

--Admlnistration. Of the 620 projects sanctioned, 336are in rural areas. 190 in tribal areas and 94 in urban.

slums. Under Point 15 of the NeW20CP b iii i piogr~n;~'meuthe scheme Is ,being.expanded cODsidefably-\vith

3ilO'.'projects,proposed for 1983'84,.thereby -raising

the ,total :number. of such projects ,to'l ;000. "!'ill. these:;

proj~ts -,vill be fully operational jby thc. cnd of "1984-iwere being:' in-

, volved. to par;ticipate in, the developmental, activities?

~.and-.: . _ ~ _; .

3 What was the impact of the"volu.ntaIj . action' lin

Gramdan villages?

, As may be seen from the foregoing !'able,.th~t. the

states, of Bihar and 'taniilnadu had been active parti-

cipators in the nationwide movement of. 'Gramdan.

In these states, the Nanguneri B1o;;k' in tailliliiadu

. r r t 'i i ' tHe' KlilsIiatf':S1ockin' 'llilia'r were 'declared 'as'B 1 ~ k (i" ar i'.. or' u ~.-; " i

". n;'mamllan'.in,'13ihat

. HE MUsIhuu' BLbeicfu 'M~arpuf diStriCt "iii

T 'Blhiir;'is 'known as a GramdaIi'BIOCk'(or Block-dan) as 102 of its 123 villages' have _ gramsablfas,

In vie\\!"6f the appalling economic condilions'>rOf!lie

block, :vatIous non-official' organisations and"'ai\&nci~shave iillHated certain' development' programmes fpr

the social'and eeonOlnic nplift' of ihe area. ':Mention

may be made, of .the Muzaffarpur;. IDevelopm~nt

Agencf '(MDA); Association of Voluntary: .A;gencies

for Rutal Development '(A YARD), Biliar "')Relief

comn:iiitee (BRC) , zilla' Satvodaya:', :M:alid31;t;

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

19/44

and international le,'el for financial assistance to pro-

mote and develop the 'gramdan. villages . and alsoBhooilan'J.l.and, ',,; L '

"In one' of such attempts, in 1960, the leaders of the

Sarfodaya' MandaLestablished . coritact 'with- Meyer

Setwaliediserl,'an industrialist of WesCGerinany,' who

hadiaeeD'faith in ,the Gaiidhian approach to social

reconstr~ction. . Through Iberal domiti'ons, the Tamil

midtl'Sarvcdaya Mandai formed the Meyer Gramdaii

Development Trust and developed Bhoodan lands .till

t,he,year 1974 .. ];p~re~ft,e~, a, sepa,rate .. inde:peJ).4ent

org::Wi~~ti01~.~~.nP)vll."a~~,'Meye~'.Ir1J~r~as .fo~';lled.3,S;";):,oJiin.tary ,,~ency, with, M~dpr:,ai., iJ"s its ,'.lfea'k

q~~C;t~r:~~1 " -r ., .~

; :rhe' ;nail; objecti~es of this !,gency are to raise the

eco~om;c\tandard 'of small landholders oUuch Jami-

lids"provided '~ith Bho'6dan, and 'Gra~ld~n hiJids,p~

landless poor,..,famiHes qY,"givl)lg' io~ns. an~ ~tl,nisiI i',' "',, ,., " t'l

!Jral\ldan villages, for (a) irrigation ,facilities su}'h ' ; ' S'.,,., ..,' I ",. .. ) . , ,

digging .of "w.ells, deepening of wens, pumpsets, oilh '-' J " . , ' , ' ~ ' . ' , , ' , ~ . ' " , , ' . ~ , ;

engines; (b) purchase of 'lanas ,for land!ess,;p()()~

famil'es; (c) redeeming mortgaged lands of poor

families;c(d)' provision .of seeds; .'manures, etc aha '(e)

b'uilding up'niral'industries 'for the purpose of raising

the;r' 'economic :cdnditi6ns.- .

'I" >-'':1'",' "

.Activities.-::-

Voluntary action in TamiInadu.s:--~, I f - . .(,,1 Each project covenng a cluster of Gramdan vil-THE STATE of Tamilnadu had i1s share 01;partiei- lages' is~run by a project manager. and other staff in

pation in the nationwide Gramdan movefuent. A~ coliaboralion with the Gramsab'has of each village,

may be seen from lhe same foregoing table,.tas ni~ny/ \Ljkt i~ Giijaral, the Gramsabha leaders in each p~~_

as 3060 villages, offered themselves for Gra;;;1~.H ..'O \ y : '\ -:rIec\. ~il~ig,JfiTI.ally discuss plan and implement lh.eever, the data show that so far only two~huhdre'd'ahd~. '\programmes'" In these villages, the small and margi-

fiftyfour villages had been declared as Gtamdan Vil~ naLfarmers are provided loans on a nominal rate of

lages. Most of these villages are located at highly interest for digging of new wells, deepening of old

undeveloped regions of the state such as Ramnad and wells, purchase of pumpsets farm implements. inputs

Tirunelveli districts, In view of this, the Gramsabhas such as seeds, fertilisers, pesticides etc. The Gram-

in these villages could not undertake developinental sabha leaders select the families as per criteria laid

activity of any. consequence. The Tamilnadu by them to get financial assistance for various prog-

Sarvodaya Manda] and the Tamilnodu Bhoodan 'ammes from the voluntary agency. The Gramsabhas

Board approached various agencies at the national in each village process the applications receive-d

Mu~hari"Block. ; For implementation of WVDP,. 'ihe

~;delin"eS"g~esl~d :the for,matiori1:ofProject' 'Imple'

&erti1lti6n Coll11nittees,(prET"';t' the 'village'level. aria

the Project Implementation Union"(pn].)'afthe pro-

i~~}_~(Jeli~' ! f>, . ~ '~.;1- ,J ~ ~ .,. - -,, '0> )' T

-oHowever, .tlie 'voluntary .agency . (MDA), ..instead

Of f6rniing. PIG's. separately ,had. converted. the _.exist;

ihg statutory .Gramsabhas-in .,each village,as !PIC'~.Hence lthe members:"of,'exeQut~ve'c.om~i.ttee of ': eayp

Gramsablia -in :each"'village',,became the\;members~r~of

the PIC. The Gramsabha in each project vilE-ice,

besides Iselecting the beneficiaries for each of the'pr'(;g;;;~~s, - received all the funds, sanctioned

advanceS'!to' the Ibeneficiaries,',In addition, Ihe : gram-

sabhas-"ptep:ared the FPlojeci lproposals .and, supervised

the,.;mp1ementation. of"the"'progr~mmes .. ,,, I' "",,~

M f '- in q li e '~ :in i ~ ie ir ib it a iio r i o r '[ v ,t y D P , " 'co inm er~ialI , . '.)0' ".'''' ,,"r,.-:' ~q.-..' Tr".... ,'. ~.~..r~. ~ '.'

banks 'were 'invi>lved to extend finanCIal supP,?rt. ,to

th~!1be~eficiafles r tn~e? t :"' v~ t ious ?~p r' ogT c ir y im es . " : !T his~iiufrdii'n 'i~e'Of cooperati0r\ 'f~bni th'e ,latter. Thep r~sa)) hasd -i T l""ih 'e '2 i"p~6jecflv I n a g e 's m ~ere. ,Vej}i t~ fued ' , : by r t he 'vQluntaty 'a : ~ e , n c y , " q rtf v I e w 9 this, notohly:'ldid tJ:i~'Gf\lm~abhas ",how niiJch'interest and" e ;fe n d lt h 'e i t : ! " \ s ~ ' p " p o r t li~')pr~~e~sirig"6 f 'th~ir '~'app l i1c a l l o r i s " rof' the:'hdneficiari'esrfor~the"1barik~,~'~ o u t ':JaE ocoH ett& i t:the te b a ;y rr r~ 1 ts~ ~ a u ~ ) ifro m ,rJ ih e ~ ''b e n e f ic i< i tl e santf ' imit ted "!fh'e,{fa~oufit " ' In th~~nks.~ In 'ca;e ofl ief~un (;T S' ,~tlie~GnimsabHa~ iii: ea1h''Vi1H.uie:,rorganise'dii1qhihl)r~(ting~,:!dlussbd~f'!h~!l';~p'aYtP"ent l~Positio~~1iti ttbok !Jietd~

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

20/44

from the families and recommend to the voluntary

agency. Further the Gramsablias not only take the

responsibility of supervision and implementation of

programmes, but also see whether the beneficiaries

are repaying the loans regularly. In some project vil-

lages in. a few districts, the commercial' banks had

also extended financial support t6 a number of fami-

lies under SFDA. The Gramsab\];l.s in such villagestook the responsibility of processing of applicants and

thus enable. the' banks to sanction the amount in

time.. ! ~l

Apart from .these, the Gramsa1:Jha~w"re actively

involved by the voluntary agency in various construe--

tive works. For example, in some Gram

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

21/44

, t~'1{ . .,~ "

. ,

Production and" rn'arkeJingof pulses

, ,

,.

, .,

. ~ . : , ' "

".f' "';

,7

.~ ,d .,.

,

. ,-,-.~~' . "

I)~f i; . < j'"

- ~ J(

\~.;: -. ". .J.

',,' ''''-.i _

~h-{ ":

'1,it ';!Jpf"

"'i,i)

'1~: ':J. .:.,f' .rr... . , t

.L;: r ;n"':pl-':.' .,.':I h.

.,'

, _ r "L_ ;!- 1 i~

-~l}il' l .,j ,it". +'1"

, , "smv KUMAR ll'ER

Jt. Managing niiector, NAFED; New Delhi

f1'i1 "t:' 1 ~ ~ ,; ...i._ f~-,. \;0: ~- .-'-.~' '-~ l " ' .

PulSes occupy a 'pronllnen\ place iIi the Indian agri-c' ','. ~, "..;cultural economy smce it is an item of mass ConSUffiI>-l1o;;:'";Pulses''cont~i;''' more than double the protein

i D . . c e r e d 1 s . . . : , " . . . 1 ; "if ,"' ~ .

'.Producti~n'oi p~~es in India:has~een more or less

stagnant; fluctuating between 10 to 13 million ,!Oanes.

B,ecause of stagnating, production '~I!d .iising popu-

I~tion,th~ ;gap;between'!he suPPlYand demand has

bee;' widening and. the per, capita; daily consumption,

of pulses is estimated to have declined from 70 grams

ill1

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

22/44

h, .. , ',..~. .

pulses producing states accounting for about 88 per.

cent of the total production; Uttar Pradesh comes

first, followed by Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.

Same is the case with Punjab, the total production

of pulses, which was 2.5 lakh tonne~ during 1980.81,

has come down to a very low level due to the reason

tb.at the farm~rs l)av~.!,ow shiftep to growing of more-'J r ll~,D. L ...;.::.u IJl ... '_ 1 ",,'lj':i./.'Ii.c. ....' \' ,"J, , .- '. J . '

relllunerallve ~rop3 ilke. wheat. i\nil I'a!l!ly, ,P.unlab" " " I , -._ , r. - ' : . . . :_ _, . , " ' . ']1;"" r " "'! J' ';_"1".; ~I'':u)._,;.-:::'I' .u.~,:r~,;md.~aryan?,. whIch ~erc once consJdere.d as surplus,I -h' I\T. . -. ,. ". .~ >j ' . I :~" ."." ".;' ;~. . ,

proilucmg states of pulses are now Importers pf pulses.

It may be Seen from the Annexure regarding va r i~ ty :wise'anO' Slate-wise {"ilses[productiOn :tliat outf'oil46

U"k.h.'toriries~:of g r a m ' prbdtictibn~iil.llnaia; U.P.,IM.P'"Rajasthan, 'Haryaria;"Punjab,' 'Maharashtta a:nd'Binar

pr

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

23/44

i', of.. " ' c '" . 'Coming ,incentives~~,.,j:~"o.bt !.~ :I~1\.81 :"i.lf .( 6\. ' 1 . If !qA ,I:> E.g~.s: _

W'(;ITH I f , H , J ? .MAIN P~,-!ECTOf, pro~iqm,"g,~ ,remuner';l-.()--I. . ~,~ ~- !.' '. :...l", ..",U"J.I. _, ~o.l",_ .... ' vi _JU .''''''~tive price to the grower, the questIon of pncefixation for pulses is discussed belo;y :

d,a);; Erodu~!i9n ,fQst,~to'!lh,,/grower who takes ad-vantage of. the~subsidies and other assistance avail-

able~to'hiI1l;: ' l . . . l ,~,_ " ." ,t,' . ~ing,P.f,o.CJlrementeof..l

wheatandotber ~e~eak Qn an 'l11"Jndia basis, the',

F0S'~LC~rpOIatio~. pflIndia ha~ been the, agency; for

buj!diqg up;buffer.sJocksofJoodgrains, ,'Most pf these,

agcnc;ie~. ~ti~ise,l...th~_coop~ratiy.e.I1).p.rJc.~~ing~]struc~l1"fef.

at ,vario,u~"le,v"ls)or theirl'rocuremel)t operation~. ( In'sl!~h ~qI.J-:lmodities on,~which .re~t!,icij9})S.Q!f !p o ve m e n t .d{) nqLexis!, the ;pvil .supplies, yorpprations' have ..uti-

I~e

ment; a!ld; supply. r" NAFED,has be"n ..procuring ,pul-

ses.in the' pr0reqt. ~. dl

:: - : :'19\51v' t_.-.jIr ~ 't. 9'5o..l..i\ 1 . 9 '5 , 5 .1 .. iqkJ-:J 'f.. '. ~ -71'5)?_ ...~~ '1 9 ,5 9 ..,~ " -1i1f ../ ~74',8

.0 :,' }9~3,j '. ,'0 " ,9'8

'\ro,I?67, ,. ,. ,r.-_ ,.1_' ',,! .39'7

, . 1971 ,. "-~ . S'I ,3n.;~f ".,19?~ .' rl;' .J T ' : G~ o r ; : , -'47"0'"

. 1 1973 1 .'),j' . 4 1 , 2

('t L..;J-~n4,~~f:)i1Jn!', :J d" ',' ~.;'49'7""

~~c W ? ? ~ ~'J;'PI Jt' -rl ";J.) 3 .9--91976 '\0 c " . 50 ,81977 ' 43~5

1m ~3~l, f-:f979-'tI.,~l > I q 1'44-9

'''01980 "tr,i .,.--!~.I' . ; .1:)(j':9 .~> L . '

.hI::",)98r ..'r:; r;':" '-39'1

KtmUKSHETRA November, 1983 '.-. l...' ...,.~ . , .-~~._,J(;, l. _.~ ..,.

j

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

24/44

wholesa1epd ce index started decllning and reachedat 298.9 ,at April, 1983. This fall in il!dex number

was due to increase in production during 1980-81.,

I -

World situation in pulses~. ~~~. ~'-,

ITMAY BE. SE.E.N from the Annexure that total area

. under pulses during 1978 was 716 lakh hectares

which reduced to 714 lakh hectares in 1979 and in

1980 it increased to 720 lakh heCtares but the produc. ,

tion has declined from 508 lakh tolines to 474 lakh

tonnes and a-lsothe yiled has reduced from 708 kg/ha.

to 568 kglha. duringllJ80, This fan in production

and yield, inspite of incr~ase in area, may he due' to

the reason of unfavourable weather conditions. in

many countries.

The details, of area and production'in the world'

we see that India ranks first in area with 22.8 million

hectares under' pulse's' production in the world aiid'China ranks second with 14.0 million hectares. But

the production of pulses iu India 'is just 75 percent

that of ChiU'ais 99 lakh tonnes as compared with 129

lakh tonnes in China.' USSR" ravks third in the

world productio.n with 64 lakh tonnes whereas the area

is only 50 lakh hectares. If we look at the yield of

different countries, we find that yield per hectare is

the ,highest in U.S.A., which is 16,56 kg/ha. as com-

pared to its area of only 9 lakh hect-aresand produc-

tion of 14 lakh tonnes during' 1980. Italy ranks

second with 1391 kg/ha. and USSR ranks third with

1283 kg/h~. as its yield of pulses production. India'syield is very low i.e. 437 kg/ha. as compared with the

world yield of 658. kg/ha. The main reason behind

this low yield in India is that most of the .pulses are

grown in rain-fed areas and the farmers too are inte-

rested in growing like wheat and paddy which' givehetter return to them.' .

While going through the' data of production of len-

tils in the. world, we find that India. ranks first with

9 lakh hectares of land under lentils production..

Turkey"ranks serond with 2 'Iakh hect-aresand Pakis-

tan,I.Bangladesh and. Syria ra.nks'third. with 86,000

hectares of land under levtils but we find.that output

of lentils in India is quite low (4.5 lakh tonnes of an

area of 9 lakh hectares)' whereas the production of

lentils .,in Turkey-2.4 la1

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

25/44

, Annexure-II

_ . _ ~I

0.7

0.8- ,

214.9,

66.3

37.036.1

60.9

(000 Tonnes)

Kulthi

6. 2

128 .4

Masaor

8ll-81 81.82, 8ll-81 81.82

6.2

128 .4

7.9 . 6.2 3:2 .4"9 13 .6 11.5

. 3.4 . 3.4 \. 0.7.10.3 8.2 4.9 1,4-7 0.5 - . ~ - 0'5 1.1'

16'7 26.9 32.5 60.0 202.92.1 2.1 1.5. 1 .5

175'~L 190'6._ 58.4. 63.4. 107.5. ' 106'5 47.8

105'6 149.8 94.9 143.3 2.4 4.7 56.6

Urad M oo ng " '

8ll-81 81.82 80.81 81.82

106.7 85.7 183.0 223.6

17.6 5,6 5,6

56.2 59'1 69.5 4.8

Statewise Production of Pulses

Tur

8ll-81 81.82

44.1 60.3

4.8 5.2

91.0 91.0

141.6 150.3-

9.3 3.7

0.4 0.3

124'6 194.0

0.8 0.8

303.6 497.1

359'8 427.1

0'5 0.6 : -. !,42.6 52-1 215.7 ,70.4 372 '1, 377-9 160 .1 155 :318.2 9.5 8.6 7.1 8.6 '7 .1

12.3 Jl'5 63.7 53:9 51,6 25 '5' 9,9 10.6

28.8 51.0 44.6 78.3 22.1 37.3 37.:6 35:2

0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 .. , 0..2 ,;.. 0'2,. ,0,3 0.2 .., "756.5 632.4 55:0 77.7 53 '7 54.6 . 157.2 208.7.

17.1 21.3 64.9 69.2 14.8 16.1 " 30.3 30.3 1.4 1.4

J-1 1.3 3.4, 3.8 0.9. ,'; 0.1

1957.3 2239.7 958.1 802.7 971.5 1030.6 . 456 .3 507 .6 605',2' 621'9

"

, ~

; ,.

."+

- , j' < . : ....,

.~.~ ,:,

'./

" ",.' ,~ ,

"., ,

~~' -':,~I" l.i.

. .

8ll-8} 81.82

13 '6 13.6

1 ,8 1.5

140.6 140.6

.47;~1l6? ,8.

'466 ,0 309 '0

4,8 1'4

0.7 0,7

57'6 74'0

Gram

1063.3 1280'0

150.2 176'9

0'1 0.1

0.1 . 0.1 '

26'2 21 .6150.0 115.0

854.3 1246.2

6.6 9.2

0.2 0.1

1288.2 1063.7

" ,-55 .6 42.9

1 .1 1 .0

4388.0 4567'4

."

. ,...~,.. -

.1 '

"

", ',,_ . ',} r . ',L,

,'H~ ~"T

,

A.P.

State

" Total,

" , " , , -

Assam

Bihar

~GUjaratl"r ,.r .." .T ' . ,I~~li ".j'.'{f'.''Haryana' #'

_ Himachal Pnidesh

:J J & K ' , Ji I.Karnataka _'

,~~,. . .," . ,.~.

0;KeraI~~~l ')1(_~,. ,iI;." r

,:M;P,

Maharashtra

Manipur

Meghalaya '.

"Orissa

Punjab'.. ~ '.

1'~Rajasthan. xl'

~-:Tamil Nadu

.Tripura.

U.P.

"West Bengal

Union Territory

"

,

nr t,- '

'C'NATIONAL RURAL EMPLo.YMENt~ PROGRAMME', PROVIDES JOB OPPORTUNITIESIN AND. NEAR YOUR VILLAGE

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

26/44

0 : - , .

',I' . .

. , ,

" , ,

,- This article 'was commissioned specialty for-our

Annual Numbe; but iinfortillia/ely'i(COU1,O'Otbe in-

"'cludea'because of SOme unforeseen difficulties, "We

"are iricludingthis artlcle iii''this issUe fa! the benefit" ' o J our~esteemed readers. ,-I '!:!' .,." \.r){

, 'J

c

~. 1 f " . ~_ .

~

,

i',

"

J, ,

. \. f.

iJ' I . I " '-

A h o m e ~way f { Q J ; p - ' 1: d~'h6m

'.'~ .1 _t,,,,~.-).,

, S, L, GHOSAL

Joint Director (Field Extn.). Dte. ofEtttrt~i~D. ,. . " "" \1 ; :: . fi'1\1inistry of.Agricultllre, NewJ)elhi

! : I.e.l H ' ' ' ' ;1"~-~.!.o

fertile Gangetic belt were tried under' severest 'dry

{arlning' "c>nditionsbut; 'surely it was only'sturlly'iIio.ta' :tllat wilhslood'ih'" erratic' dry.land situalion,

Yes, a thi:ee-nedares('mesta'. crop .fetched;' them

'sonlething'to sustain ."living, T-his waS'lne CoDIy

crop thata kindied a flicker of hope in their henrt's.Slo\vly tthe\' crop< : : ; ' s p r e a l t ' : Today,' 'mesta' i s g ro wn'Overan 'area 61 about"1000 hectares ar01ind:Dharm-

}aygarh'which linds aceess to Raigarh JUte'Mil1:,hRe-inili;sceIlCof ,ihe'" place they -were forced -to:leave

behind, fruit pIa-nts-liKe'jack-:fniits; lemons,' mango,

'guava and pineapple slowly found footing in the colo-

nies, A variety of vegetables toO grew in abundancearound almost every homestead,

HUDDLE OF 'SMALL 'HOUSES and huts, leisurely way.

" .? side' shops, green sheetsorseemingly' nnendiiig-"'mesta' 'fields punctuated by paddy p

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

27/44

h\ .'}" '~\',"",' ',:: ~') ."~"' .\U, .'.i ."j' ',0 t , , - ; . ~ \ - : \\~, .'J-." '.' ': . . 1

\.l ..~ :,. I tt~:''i.~\.~r. '" i~'-.J\.: ~'"i71 >J,')..)\~ \(\~.I,j\.,.l~"" h~~'.:)'.'~ ' '~i\~i.\'_~~',~,~U~ ~~\':

...,..,~~, : .t.' ',c' '.< " ,t~ ~"~:'l.le'povefty.',ttllp"because of'on~op;iL~

year.tOlltilie:, :UfifOrtilnately;:for.;the ,Raigaih district,

15btli'1Bllop.l1,the ,stale Iheadt[

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

28/44

?:jTj~.j ./Iu

'e,~b (.'lJ}

>;: , . , : '~ ",::d~ f I

~n idJ, 2C"( t~rl

.''-: i.it ..0 ::'-jjlt~: : I : r

' ; , : ' - - > r l ' ..J :.. ltL..;ul"1

i ' ," I 'iL .. " 'i~:~;'j~.f.t L~!; .~.-rl:(,;'.,.'

,~oui;;l:;;.';~!JO(L.~j':il:::.-...[I.:

I;bI!n ~.:l')10Lbi~ n m a -il ~.'s:hqI- ::' - ..; 5j~k '"'-.

e'.',l~.~~~rf"'0\nt . :~-I~Q _:... 1~.:1B 'id;".~~oL~'nt ; . ;) '7'..:l,~ .i-'::'.5fOCJ!ii I I : : J .: : r ; ; ! i .L o .~ ':J ! i t , . ; . l .~fit:'l~;'l;; ~i;j.~:;;~~'.:- :'!r :-

'I.~t:j!::d; 2,bl' j)"l-.~' J I; hrJi.. fr~);,~1".~t . . . .r .: l t : : ir : ~ ~ : ~..:!~

hd2 ."li:iLt h~(l". H .~m:..rl?:!i. .lJ1:t"'nJ-, : . ;_ff .~.btn. i :l 'JHi

" . .

i," 1.

" -

. - . l . . . . . ;

, .~ It'

",1.1~"'f.tl

. , . : 0 -

r;;: :1

r : " I ..I

_'~hr7:'-{ {J~

, ,I

. . , "

.) . . ,'

- - r J,

J i.~I.O:Jr: i"fl. ",v

~r i : 'u - f!

'If." ...~;t'j

~!.~.r :..J"~ J :J "" , ,!

dAd \'i-J: l'j 8~-~a\!i

-lU : : ; J ~ o l:-'-I l...;;J,:~

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

29/44

':"The truth' of tIle fuliiter"js that iii. the short"run.rthe

vi:ililme'of e"rnploym.entat 'agiveh teal wage'rat"'-'Say;

the niinWnrii ''which' societY' considerikacCeptabl~s

llinited' by" the 'ifvail~bility"of wage' goods.' fl,.(Wagegoods are commodities on which a typical wage,eamer

will be spending his ;wages :, cheap food consisting of'"1,','" ",''''' !'. ' .; > '~f .....'1 "."',rr ""Te', "..... ~:,~'"fOOdgrainS, vegetables,. some oil etc:,.c1othirig, shelter.".-" ,. "- ,.,- ,. (,.y.,,) "0-,' I .... '- -.../ " ; > . . . - , " - . . . . . O~f!arid a few other)n.sic c'olllJll6ditl~) ~"Ip iUic.l.itio'!,at'J',i"'" . " , r . ' . . , ' - ' . . " q ',,"' .,.f,.'.': ,-1' .(.,' r , c, ' ;'least ~ome Simple types of toolS and )Dlpl~~ents.,wou1d

b~needed to put pe6ple',to~qrk ('the eiThtirigstOclto~sheIl impil;ffientS'.WoUld'have: tei'W aiigriie~ied~ if 'eni..l~ . r >. .. o' ~I .: '- ;" . ; j.,.l,' ''}....;;-. ~.!, f'ti ~;'4""" "'-~:.anded. 'For expansIon .,of emp,loy;(. , ',t:t 't,". ,.' ... ~, .. " . ', If . - " a.,.~~.+

.sor!?ed.in indus,trial and other !10n,-agti~turalemploy-ment.This has happened Orilv'to"a .Iimited' exteiii"in

India. Emplovment in' the' 'ori;.lnized ' Secto~' 'ha~

:!irqwn' fairiy"slo~ly. Forexalnple,"betwee'n 1967""-68: ','r'",' , ,.,,' .~ - . . " ana 197.8-7?'~mployinec., iii'this sector grew by only1l

Jillchs'~erye~r:~-Even 1f it shO'uldiIlcfe1tseby 'about

ort~'~ \l1 i.o ri T p e f.yeai'Huriiig"the Sixth~:Pl~ltr""peti6

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

30/44

iD.~~cclriiiit'ltirinscOf !prOductivity 'Of,labour. [T!lis in

6ilrvlew is'DOi "Hie'coned 'preScription 'for,solvjng ~ltr1lli8irploYm'eniJ and "Poverty 'iproblel):1.U)Roverty. ,am~thf

tn.the F,ifth .Eive''\':ear Plan itself. 'HoweVer the, re-, ..... '.' .,; -> .., .. ,: .. -.., . "''''''.,,',,r __"'-.- ..~F? "'''''-'.,'[ __ .

.@1~sJe.ave m \ \ Q 1 i .l(),1JsIlPply,of wage .goods .ilt ,c.heap,ptiGes. .At tlte s:irn~

tirrie,' ,it ,would ,become .;!leeessary .10 :work, ()lI,t,a wen~

CGyceiVed pIpgraIII!!!"', .o,f ,J;tiral .. Qapil;ll fomtl1-tiql). .

,whieh,wp~d impro,!e.tIie.qua1ity"pfJif~ of the. -mra!population.,AUe,ast ,;3. per ..~e!lt of_ ,GNP, shO!lld,;!),ii

~S~~Part fQS(lti5 ,uwose,> : " , ' " , .~ .1',~ ,A,Jarge,pro.gramllle oLhpusesons1p,.QtiOq"il),wlii1l

lpw Gost-rho!lsing ';should IJ e .,iiveq . . . a . predQniipantp1ac~, Jjsh0Wd ,he ,il)itiate(1 'AS'part of ,tiJe J!!!tJ.;pq:v,e$;:

anticu)lempl'lYlIlent fP1.an.JJntil: !l"V{;the "aIJIountA.f

reSGJlr~ "aIloc~ed ,to .housil)g . .luis J~e!! Auiie: iml4

mailto:.at'll;itapid'.@!emailto:.at'll;itapid'.@!e

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

31/44

I

H.The~erf~wjUes ~!o,:,goto ,tho~e s"ctions of thep~Plllaq~~"\,; "{hep ,the ,,?~I1.,.fits.of ,.planned developement.have nbt''[''i'rcolated,. ,:rhe talk of Green Revo-

-~,_,;._.'Aa.'. ".I'.' __', '".. ,"_. '

l;'!!~e~!I-:sY~de~finJ,::eFo~OlAi.c~A.~yel~pm~nt,~nd:,' pro~gress in va~iOlis other "fields signified nothing foriii~m.(l(j>H ~) l;;rl]~,::'; iil)I!..,r~r...ji"t" ~~ i)., 0; D:l~JqI'....-~i!i--.xf ;;:-jJjLr-",ji m';d '~.'!: tid"

-l'0f coUrse",a'nulI)ber of,'programmes were'tried out

in .l~ . , d"--J' " g , . , , , ' ~ .

;c" ': ',,',.:-i

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

32/44

,

-t'

In many hlocks, supply 'of ibilch cattle iri one' "of

the most jiop\ihir activities uiideflRDP.1Iowe-ver,' fOr'

best results"'the -Pfograniirie agencies 'Wivelo' eiiSUtci

that cei'taiii esseritial linkages eXist. 'T h e s e w6U1dinclude adeqilate availability of fodder; 'facilities "for:

artificial insemmalion, veieri:itary ,serviCes arid 'the

like, besides facilities ,for collection and markeiirigofmilk.

L'IKE WiSE; 'fOr 'eVery -ecod6lIiic 'aetiVity-t1iosen, , f.m IRDP; it is 'esseritial,tb have ptofJetsUP"porting or back.lip services, aiong 'Widi IDfrasttrl6'-'

ture faclilies like ,marketing; 'processing 'arid storage:

Nor'would ihe 'Iihiegiation" aspeci of 1RbP "~

complete without the beneficiaries being exposed io

othct,social and ,educational programmes ',like ,-uni-

versal clcmentary education, ,nittrition, ,educatiol1;'

adult edllcation, ,and healtliaild 'fan1i1y' welfare

progtam me .s~ .J __' 1 . "',1

As for fioivof credit {tiROl',' figures "show a 'signiflcabt iricre1iseiri'ihe.liiSt two .y e a ts , T h e 'pet'capita.

formu1ate proposals for strengthening t1tek Block 16;el

administrative set-up.

Coming to the content of the PrograJJlDl!l, it

would be worthwhile to remember that mere provision

of assets for the beneficiaries or help to set up a rural

industry or enterprise is not enough, unless the acti-

vity is properly backed up with aqequate infrastruc-

tural facilities. For instance, of what avail will be

an agricultural pumpset for a farmer in an area where

there are no facilities for repair and maintenance of

the pumpset? Besides, even assuming that the pump

is maliiiailled well, . the fariiier Will.,notooal$Iei6make full use of it Unlessh e gets good quality seeds,enough ,pesiicides arid feriiliser in time arid ,abov'e an

_proper advice to adopt the modem agficwtural'tech-

nology. tbis means proper sUPPorti~g services oi,

to be more precise, the Agriculture Exteilsio~

" Jv6rker or Agriculture technologist with _Extensi06

background involving himself in the Programme with

d'edication and enthusiasm, This is particularlypossible in places where iRDPagenci!'S ,have easy

'access to organisations ;like those Indian' .couil-

cil of Agricultural Research (ICAR) prother ' 're'

search institutions, AgriculturaJ,., uniVersities or

Krishi Vigyan Kendras, It would be a gOQdidea for

these agencies to draw heavily 'Upon,the already avail-

able expertise in these organisations in the formul,..

tion and implementation of various agricultural andallied prograiiimes, SimilarlY, iii,the fotinulaiion' and

impleirtentation of prOjects fot nitai attisans it would

be better for the DistrIct' Rural Development SbCie-

ties to seek the cooperation of technical inStitutions

iike Indian Institutes of Tethnoiogy, Polytechnics atld

Engineering institutes so as to iDalcethe proj&iS mote

viablc and remunerative.

jltogramm\e than what ,Was conceived so far, was

esseD!ial. The Integrated Rural Development Pro-

gramme thus came in,to being in 1978-79 with the

objective of raising the poorest families in rural areas

above the poverty line by giving them income-gene-

rating assets and access to credit and other inputs'

which, on their own, they cannot conceive of get-

ting. The programme, initially taken up in 2300

blocks in the country in areas covered by special pro-grammes like SFDA, DPAP and CAD, was extended

to all the 5011 Development Blocks on the Gandhi

Jayanti Day in 1980, It now forms part of the 20-- _

') Point ,Programme. as well.,t. C r; .

Itin ~ id d a ;Jt~:nis,I: < i & bg this Jpl;;,tper10~; , the,Progiamme.aims 'at providing assistance to 15 million

'falriilles so1hi.t&ey earn enough to come above the

.-:p()verty,~illeilWamilies of five persons with an annual

"income of less :'than ,1Rs>'3S00 are said to be below

poverty line). The Programme offers assistance for

financing a large variety of economic' activiti~, in-cluding-.agriculture, ;.animal husbandry, minbrdrri-

'gationiTsericultUre,.,hor\ic'ulture, :fisheries; 'cottage in-,dustries;, and any ;other -activities likely to raise the

.incoincrof the targeted "families.

~ _ ' t , : . : ~jJl ,', ~ _ t., . } ',~ v ~ .TH E REPORT ON 'achievements of IRDP snows"1 'since ihe exteIfsion of 'the pr()gramme in 1980-81'up to JanuaryJ~"y:"a!it4 JD!iIionffUnilies w,ere ,pra-

vided assistance. There has been a sizeable' step-up

o'inVestinent 'both 'in terms of subSidies and credit

'mobilised, "'Besides, it is encouraging to find 'ihdt

at 'least. 40 perten,i of the families assisted' are draWn'frorr\'s'cliiRhiled casfe~,(ittlIFst:heliuled.1tibes,' ~ild 'Ihis

ireitd 'of 's6lecting liineficiaries is on the increase.-ltL " . .F j'i ~A~r fi~

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

35/44

.- The cynics do need to go to the villages to realise

~ortJ:'ems~lves.that the programme is already a succesS,

m spmt, ~ prurciple and partly materially too. Itw i n\'" a roarmg success, I have 110 doubt 'about it. ' !

. . ..1,~_-, ':-:_-"'......;0.J-:.. 1

recreation, in short, everything that a man could as-

pire for. The programme does not confine itself to

doles, gran~, and other such measures which bring

about temporary relief but not pe,rmanent, lasting

solution to th~ problem of poverty. The progranrme

envisages an organic change in the life of the rural

people so that they do not just get lifted above the

poverty line but go higher and higher. The pro-

gramme gives them the opport,!nity to dream, to

aspire, to wish and means to fulfil these emotionsand sentiments.

'F!

r, "l' I

THE CONCEPTWASJEEREDAT. The whole idea

doubted. It was called impraclical. Where were

the means? Where were the people to put the plan

into action? Where was' the will with the people to

accept it? How could it be done in a decade or two?

It would need centuries. And by the time the world

would have changed. Hence, why go in for what

could be ~ed 'a mad prank'? The cynicism was

there. The criticism was there. The .advice of the

expert planners and economis~ was there. Thenegative note of the adininistrat.9Jwas there. But

the Prime Minist~r clung to her dr~, the dreamof seein~ the whole rural lot above the poverty line. Talking about money or the beneficiaries or other

To see !hat there was nota,.single poor, a pers'cm'\. statics will fnot help much. Md1he';"Sult of the

without self-respect, a being'without will t'; 'live'and'i (~r,0W-i"?'ie~t~~an6?tlbGo~ejid~)lt,';~"the scepticsrise. And she won'in theeild.J"The ' greatestl Ithe; '\yould.wantthem to !Je}SQ,sgon.!j~s ",ot unusual.most important prograIDme today with this Govern- Rather it is obvious'!Ilat when even the parameters

ment is lhe social and econoinic uplift, of the poor" ,o! ~~h a. giganti~ programme are still being workedof whatever cast~- cOlour 'or,-c~eed.'The conCept~'~'ouVwhen'the-Persorin'el"tobeinvolved in the im-

also envisages by the' social iu ic i 'econoric uplift to' :"~'pl"meiltation'ef.thiSprOgramineai;e still being trainedkill, for ever the discriminating philosophy of 'caste' ,. and when even the"people"for wHom the programme

colour or creed.

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

36/44

' , , ) ; L lw , . r . " j I1l.an ..j,.l! 6"' l\.J _~ . ; .~.:\...,.: lh t. -"~,,,;:'-~I

v. i.;':;~:[ ./.~it:...lJ..; h, ,~"';.D ~J..::l.r;:i _ ,J~ q .i~l ,J..,) :::':1:1,

,J.~d.. cJ!~-,;. i . I : . . ';q :In ~-~~--,::.~,;I {_,oF.; >.~. ~:AG:.

be .':d"J ..q 'jn.~ .,.,~:~I"j4~o ill:)U1.", ...-.. I)t _Jj,~iJlo..

~...ilh :"ili _.j t....:h~rlJ 01::..-~fI;;l&j ";';''::' ,~-' . ;; ...2f/i.h..,J

L.A;i :"iNL, ~L { ,ft. (L....u..'.;.f

..1:. :.; ,,,V! . ,.c :" U J","'.,H1; b: .';;~..: . : . I ; 'd 1

. lq ':.,..,dfLy '~! ~,li~~'1~1L "...

JI tj f.:t;J4 .H ;.\11.;/ ,i off.... ~

l : f 1. :It....,~b..i ..o H J '1 : 1

~- "'-.'

, c' "T.), .. -,,

. ,";;"'.'.

;~,fJi J 1

to

"J~ "j,

l .I .d.

"'. . . . .

';".H~~.';"OCr. iJJJ1rI hrt J"lJl J.)I~ f,;) t....;-,~:._~.i (.~;:,..qV;/l ,,,"1 "1'); fll \j,t Vi: 'J , ' . t"n .' .- > , ',) . ;, . ,_ ,. ; . L",'ll

-i.ncr :::.rtl :l~{l~Jflbn .; '_;;,J:::;L v6 .'i1r~ ~n.l"{..../(........'..~l/ m".'",' j'l' .. , : ; . , 1 ,L ''1 ...,." ~. Lo_u'; J;; t;,lJ.~

U I ,El::'Y)!) O' ."),' ,, . 'Ioq (r ', . I ~ ". r Li -,. u~ '"1,J ::"d.l ,:.,.1. "Jr!~ ,hl';:'!-~d ~!O .') ..}J./j.:.'h i ,.....f. ~~ ." .~ F'fJ ,I ,_i'j;U

.,.;r;oriorn'J ~(."'A1t 1..:1iu. Cj~:.iIL::'-J::! :.;" . !iu''l (;~

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

37/44

The Dimili School.-In'1967 he came to Dimili. It

took'bim almost ten ye;rs' to compiete the schooL The

e)lOpensesto' build the school, the land on which it ,vas

built, were all obtained through voluntary donations.

Even the teachers offered their services almost free.

Between 1967 and 1972, one class was added each

year. ,In J976, after getting permanent grant-in-aid

from t!!e Government, the school was handed over to

the Zilla Parishad with its 196 students and 11 tea-

chers. The school building is an imaginativelydesign-ed'low cost structure which harmonionsly blends with

its' rural surroundings. It was the brain-ehild of one

of ''the best architects of the country, given free. And

the children get, besides the wisdom in their text

books, both practical and theoretical training in agri-

culture, as befits the society to which they belong. '

Yellamanchili Block comprises 78 villages and 30

associated hamlets. The population, according to 1971

census; was 1,40,815, with a Scheduled Caste/Tribe

component of 9682: Two seasonal rivers the Sarada

and the Varaha supply water for' agriculture' for a fewmonths in a year; They pour into the Bay of Bengal

through a gorge in the hills, guarding the coastline.'

The area extends to'I,05,165 acres of which 74,685,

acres are arable.. 'Some sort of irrigation is available

to' about 29,000 acres. There are four small hill'

ranges; guarding'its coastline. .1 ~,'

By and large the area is fiat, and the soil is red

sand ;and red loamy. The aVerageholding is 2.5 acres,

and farming' techniques -use-.1,are manuala!!d traditi""

na!. ,Paddy and sugarcane are grown as wet': crops:

Tubers, ragi, gingelly,pulses, 'chillies and groundnul,are other crops. ' About 20 per cent of the people are;

landless labourers who pay upto 50 per cent of, the_

crop to the landowners. A few bullocks are used as

draught'animals and buffaloes, as'inilch 'animals.

Dairying,' pOultry ind-pisciculture' were 'unlfuowD.'

During offseason periods, abOut '6000 males used to

migrate"to neighoouring cities, and towns to wOrk as'

rickshaw pullers and .I;mdless, Ilibourerstt.' earn an'

extra buck. lI1iteracy'was 80 per' cent. ' It was here

in'Dimili that the great Chola'Emperors Karikala arid

Raja Raja built light honses (Dhnili in Telugu means..

~

, . . "'. ",..."'" " .light"house) for the benefit of their men-of-war thatrode' the waves of the Bay of Bengal. It ishe~e that

I>r.fRao aliglited to 'rekindle the light of me long since'unseen,' J . , l~~.,:. . . - ,'-

1)(.4 .'.,' . , r .. '~''1 ;.

,Successful Salt,Pans.-Dr; 'Rao ,settled in his ancest-.

r';l' ~ilIages. He 'needed-to do ,something to maintainhlmsiJIf and his family. He,Jooked around' and hit,

upon the idea of a .salt ,pan... ,'''" ",' ,

'. During high tide; sea waier pushes itself 'i~tothe'

fiat' lands through the gorge. The brinNo~ked land ex-

tends from Vakapadu near Dimili to Mafipalam in theNorth.' The' area was ideal for salt pans; Dr. Rao

~~; i' {'~ '~:>' . '. I ~ > ,., ~ " r . - , -

K-URUKSlffiTR-ANovember,' 1983

set up a small venture, t!W,Solar Salts Ltd., in 1969, to'

put hjs i

rous' funding agencies' like, 'PODTI, Chetana, Khadi'

and Yillage Industries' Board, 'Canara Bank, State

Bank! of,India; Audhra Bank, Sree Visakba' GramrenaBank.of .India,'Bank'of Baroda; SFDA,',IRDP"t>PAP;'

TRYSEM etc.; each .fundinlr'one, aCtiVity"or 'other'

under the gnidartceofthe Trust'. ,Fiii1he...'1topetates

to,g~t.c1earances'of :variouskinds from State'and'Cent~'

ral,:Gove.rnments,FWorking en a' 'n.9~pfofit'baiis: ,'the

Trust hands..over.a 'projec!"to' the"berieficiaries"aSsoon'

as',its .teethingtroubles 'are'over ',and-it beComes'Viable'

And ,it takes ,up a project in any village ortiy o n iiivit3~lion;:" . ',., ; ,- e"; .: ',"'-;"/1' -7;~:; '~. "'u'df '.'j'M:.' ~

.,., .~, ~ _. .".~.. ~., ~" 'r" .., - ,;

hUll1an.activity,the

Trust .has)~9! ti'lI~hJi"upon, ~ome,remarkable,'achiev-~~rts, are worth; ';Uentipning,..,.~ne .is,;tree' planting:'

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

38/44

~ 50. acre slope was taken on a.10year lease at Pan-1

chadarla. from the Goverriment and an ambitious 'tree.

plantinJ( programme was launched. Varieties were Iscientifically chosen. Eucalyptus and bamboos were I

planted as windshields, cashew and coconuts. as cash icrops. These are inter-spersed in a silvipastoral,

scheme';'with fod-ler crops like koobabul, chencharu '

grass' and' siretto creepers. Some 3,00,000 trees hav",

been planted since 1978. The farm also serves as a I

plant bank, selling seedlings at cost price to farmers.'The scheme has now been extended to another 50

acres in Haripuram village and 44 acres in Gokivada

viliage. Distillation units to extract eucalyptus and,'

l~~o!'Jg~as,s ."il !hav:lbeeelS!~~t~:". Taqtarind, ,~oap.,nut;trees ..and, banana .plants have, been "addedito; tp~,

~I '-"> , ,-.0,1' '"'_0 ,"'_.,. -,-',n ._. " _'.

varieties cultivated.. This scheme has .enabled to better,

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

39/44

-N. TAMILVANAN, Salem.

A village:tufns alent-ne.lj'p~J."'!' fl': ~d

. ~,.

t'

allll:,Slate.Governments, Natioilalised...Banks' and' even

foreign orgajJisations,come' to. aid and participate 'iii.

the Tnist's .activmes: "- fu2 r; J

I

A~~::~TbY(st~crai~i~~~:~: ~:~~de~~~~beneficiaries'under' Integrated 'Ru(aIDe"elopiiient' Pto-gra;i1ffi,,'(IRPP).: The small rural]JbCk,et'!itjci'~cKfils~,awayIrOl)l ,S,rlem'Steel Town. The":Cartara'l Ba~,

Sw-amangalainBranch adopted" this :'.viuage' lliidet

IRDP through Village'Adoption s~heme\a d a : 'ext:erideolo~ns oy 'identifying rural masses whd"ire-Be16w the

poverty'lme in the vari'ous' 'segii~erit;ieif' tJi~ ;It 'coii):Lm u r n ty like "rural artisans, agricuitl.rr~l;l u b o u r ~ lr s l, l;sif ii lUfarmers, marginal farmers for ' pllrcila'singkl\i i l t lX :K -carts" milch. animals, goats and. to under!ake basket-

. ,. . ,. f t'. i.;t: '" I

maldng, carpentry, tailoring, .poliltry, mat-we;lvil)g,apdJ . ' . ' . \ . . . - h_''''.~

to establish a hire-cycle shop etc.. ) .", I" ~7 J>!

. SHRI C. RAJADURAI,who .is aged 3$'''ye;tts?r.~. . - '. '~: .:.. ,'" ,{.....I . _

margmal farmer possessed a smatl bit of land 'arid

w ith ~ ~ other source of inc.oJlle. 'fbu . r iaJye~ f \ha td :C tbmanage the family with his very mea'gte'iiii:dHiC'.""lJ:Hfamily comprises of his wife with six childern. . .one

. -, .f, '. . " " . : ; . . . J [ i 'IJ;" I

fine morning Shd Rajadurai learnt that. the' GramSevak was.-'

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

40/44

,I,, -

'II) .....th"i. '; {,WI q'.( ;!'ft ,. ',!.' 1 )H ..rt!

,i j;t. oj ."jl;,i.J-~1 fl'_Lqw ,'I\}li~j}i .f,.' IfI,

)r;,;t' ~,I"_:..fl .",lfn'.I~ll,':~l" ",N () -"' .1." '.J,,'~J'

through. institutional I., tralning, .and fl'master, tramers;

The' trainees. are!:helped, to',,,repare_pr~ject, reports

which arc converted to bankable schemes. '":riley ate

helped to apply for bank loans and subsidies. Sul:>-

sidyof uP"to Rs. 3,000 is given to a trainee. A

higher subsidy of Rs. 4,000"is given,to trainees 'iii

. Drought Prone Area' Progriumne lIrea. In case ;of

,tribal beneficiaries, the' maximum Iimit'.of subsidy 'is

IRs. 5,000. For the recurring assistance)ike stipends, .:training expenses, subsidy is provided from IRDP> ;: funds and is shared equalIYlby; the Centre and theIStates..... .

A separate provision of Rs. 5 crores has been pro-

. vided in the Sixth Plan for strengthening the existing

'training infra-structure in the shape of construction

of hostel' dormitories, class rooms and workshop ac-

commodation, traiping equipment and aids.

.f ,10 rL"li, _.fir~."',."rjq ('II"};.i ~~"t :,,;~ t : .r l' .

Over 5.52'.lakh, ruraLyouths were; trained for self-employment ,juring' the, ih~~.years i9ilO~83. .o f '0' ,.~-,- . , J . , . ,._ .~ ' _. " r t' . ,I 4".'.them :ov~!)U21a.k~,:P!'rs~ns.lf()UJld; se)f-e:ID.pI9Ylpent,

'. "F.! 4 ..;t\ '( ;~ :. : : . ;H '. . . .~ ,-,r ~ ". ,-"1'..;,,(.1 1 , f .~1"f! h"I.' ,~.~~..1

, . T~~I!,IDg~f~R~raI hXo'!tI;J.,?r;'.~J~ ;cE.~ploym~'!t(TRYSEM) .was started .with the. objective ,of;reme-

~ , .,,~, '-f, . ' . -1.1

f,' r! 1... ;1 .J '~ ft'll", " I !~~f..n ', ,(,ll"l '"I~jrf~,;.;'... ','

.',,,sg~ ,(;E ..IH~;",(~~.CQl'll)II

"1 l[ ..A ,.,;"b !t..~;fJijr,",,',tn:' ni J I J f t '.:'~frt, I _Iu'q:

;.l" ,;.iIr m-,pl

f; < jj ! .' - ;; " J I. ; .~ nOiH;:J;iritJ~ ..no~rl.;" 1 > . 11';1 J J; . .oP: ~'. i' "

'":~lijn"~';?'G("',ill'flt');; ~ih '.:" 'ii 'I O - ? ::lJ ~.nr.kr.nl ~'.j ,;,:1

.;{: ..1 Ii ...i11 '1:,I'~i1;r!II Jb'll .lio.- rt! I

: . ; c g i scale. ,The Istipend rates of training have ai,o'ibeen raised.

(1: 't:l~/J:'i ...._'.;i < .:. t, -' J' A"', The need for inclusion of wage employment was

j~lt be~aus'e it'has been 'found that there'isgood

,~~pe'f~rJ>w.age"employment as w.eila~ ):If-e~tl!?y-ment in ..ruraL areas around various jndustrialestates

'bei~g set'~p,by - State Governments. Traim;;g :"for;;;ige .empl~yine~t,:is, .therefore, included, in-the, case

, : o f schemes iirike,( to soe2ific projects and'hi the' de~~ '.'.~' _ ' . ,.. -. + -,.1, ,". _."_

!ie,nt5aIi~e.sIr]1ral ,industries. It ,is, however, ,r:quired

.that.at least, 60 'Per cent.of the youth .are trairied for'~seif:empioy';;cntin:-suchprojects,' '. . .

~_ . , ;.' ,-._ ~. 0"

teTh,,! sii~en'ds' p~yabic to' the'ti-ainee~' under

TRYSEMha~ebeen raised from Rs:'50 p'er month'to

Rs. 75 where training is'conduCted in the' ;iIIage of

the. trainees, and frOll' Rs. 125 toRs. 200 where it is

'heict 'ou'tside th e 'training' vilia~c' and no accomIl!odaclion i s :p,ovided aneCRs. i'50" from Rs. J(io if free~. ii, .. I~.~".', . '.'.

t. "."

accommodation is.provided. ,. " c r t - I' J "'-:.l .. _ ..... : _.,'~ '. . ,. - -, ~

,c':bndetin'h~he~e;'~b~ut tw~'lakh rural 'YOl;th~'~;e

l~"b~tramed)o[ self .embloyinent every 'year>'! the~ale of'40'youth;~>p~r block inthe s ,b o n odd'develop~hleiit 'bid:ki in ,the country. The scheme is p.a.rt of

-,' 'J' . F " ; " ," , . i I"" _

,the Integrated Rural Development ,Programme.;i' ."'-.! II.' , ". , .; .'.' (IRDP). Training .is provided under the scheme,

< :o J . . . , Jj',',.t -. ' . ,I I " ,

" < ,T

40 'Kl!JRUKSHETRA j\[ovemberi)1983

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

41/44

fKURUKSHE'I'RA5No:vem1iet,~;lJ983'" . '

,

~. '

!

j. ,~'.

.~.

.' ; ;

7/25/2019 2008-03-25 (2)

42/44

,

,

,,, .

,