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The Impact of Must on Islamic Leadership Pattern on Performance Effectiveness

Case Study: Islamic Banks Works at Jordan

Abstract

This Study aimed to identifying the impact of using the Islamic leadership style on the performance effectiveness on Islamic banks operating in Jordan, the study examined the Islamic leadership style through: Shura, justice, and freedom of thought, and examined performance effective through: survival, growth, employees satisfaction, and customer satisfaction. The study Included (48) branch represents a stratified sample/ random that selected from Islamic banks branches operating in Amman city. Questionnaire using as a tool to collect data from the executive managers in those branches.

The study found a set of results, notably: the existence of a limited impact of the leadership style of the Islamic practiced by Islamic banks operating in Jordan on the effectiveness of the performance of those banks, and formed a Shura source to the application of the pattern of the Islamic leadership, its importance in shaping the vision of a leading Islamic actors are still limited . The results also show a lack of understanding of the meaning of justice, and therefore the effectiveness of the performance of Islamic banks, which results showed that the advantage of reason and acceptance, is not a direct result of the application of the pattern of the Islamic leadership in those banks, but there are other reasons not addressed by the study behind the effectiveness of the performance of those.

The study found a set of recommendations to Islamic banks, including: the need commitment of Islamic banks to develop leadership skills among workers in those banks, in accordance with the Islamic principles law, particularly with regard to the exercise of the Shura, as one

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of the faces of satisfaction among workers, and their sense of the importance of their participation in decision-making, as well as Justice in dealing with everyone, and to give workers full freedom to express their opinions without being subjected to any kind of punishment. The study also recommended the need for the commitment of Islamic banks to develop and maintain the leadership trait that should be provided in employee of leadership developed level in those banks, the importance of this dimension to improving the community outlook for those banks.

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