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Specification for mortar for masonryPart 2: Masonry mortar

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BRITISH STANDARD BS EN998-2:2003

Specification formortar for masonry

Part 2: Masonry mortar

The European Standard EN 998-2:2003 has the status of aBritish Standard

ICS 91.100.10

12&23


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BS EN 998-2:2003

This British Standard, waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Policy and

Strategy Committee on30 October 2003

BSI 30 October 2003

ISBN 0 580 42781 1

National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 998-2:2003. It supersedesBS EN 998-2:2002 which is withdrawn.

EN 998-2:2003 is a candidate harmonized European Standard and fully takes into account therequirements of the European Commission mandate M116, Masonry andrelated products, givenunder the EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC), and is intended to lead to CEmarking. The date of applicability of EN 998-2:2003 as a harmonized European Standard, i.e. the

date after which this standard may be used for CE marking purposes, is subject to anannouncement in the Official Journal of theEuropean Communities.

The Commission in consultation with Member States has agreed a transition period for theco-existence of harmonized European Standards and their corresponding national standard(s). Itis intended that this period will comprise a period, usually nine months, after the date ofavailability of the European Standard, during which any required changes to national regulationsare to be made, followed by a further period, usually of 12 months, for the implementation of CEmarking. At the end of this co-existence period, the national standard(s) will be withdrawn.

EN 998-2:2003 is the subject of transitional arrangements agreed under the Commission mandate.In the UK, the corresponding national standards are:

BS 4721:1981, Specification for ready-mixed building mortars;

BS 5838-2:1980, Specification for dry packaged cementitious mixesPart 2:Prepackedmortar mixes;

and based on this transition period of twenty-one months, the above mentioned national standardswould be withdrawn in January 2005.

NOTE This date is approximate. Users of this standard should contact BSI Customer Services for confirmationof withdrawal.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/519, Masonryand associated testing, to Subcommittee B/519/2, Mortar, which has the responsibility to:

A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to itssecretary.

EN 998-2 has been prepared by CEN/TC 125, Masonry, and supersedes BS 4721:1981 andBS 5838-2:1980 which will be withdrawn in due course.

EN 998-2 specifies the characteristics and performance requirements for masonry mortaravailable throughout the CEN member countries. It aims to do so in product performance terms,

avoiding as far as possible prescriptive requirements and all the traditional designations ofmasonry mortar available throughout Europe. Current products, however, will continue to bemanufactured, traded and used, even though they are not referred to by name in this EuropeanStandard.

The UK National Annex NA attached to this standard provides an informative commentary on thedifferences between EN 998-2 and BS 4721 and BS 5838-2. Nothing in this annex should beconstrued as specifying requirements other than those contained in the normative parts of thisEuropean Standard.

If CE marking is performed, the procedures in Annex ZA will apply. The significance of the CEmarking is that the product manufacturer claims compliance with the harmonized requirementsgiven in the normative text of the product standard. These relate to the essential requirements ofthe EU Construction Products Directive. Not all product characteristics need necessarily be givenon the CE marking, but those product characteristics covered by regulations in force in each EUMember State, where the manufacturer intends that the product will be used, do need to be stated.

Cross-references

The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in thisdocument may be found in theBSI Catalogue under the section entitled International StandardsCorrespondence Index, or by using the Search facility of theBSI Electronic Catalogue or ofBritish Standards Online.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users areresponsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legalobligations.

aid enquirers to understand the text;

present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on theinterpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;

monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in theUK.

Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 33 anda back cover.

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

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EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPENNE

EUROPISCHE NORM

EN 998-2

April 2003

ICS 91.100.10 Supersedes EN 998-2:2001

English version

Specification for mortar for masonry - Part 2: Masonry mortar

Spcifications des mortiers pour maonnerie - Partie 2:Mortiers de montage

Festlegungen fr Mrtel im Mauerwerksbau - Teil 2:Mauermrtel

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 October 2002.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMIT E UROP E N DE NORMAL ISAT ION

EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN 998-2:2003 E

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EN 998-2:2003 (E)

2

Contents

page

Foreword .................................................................................................................................................3

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4

1 Scope..........................................................................................................................................5

2 Normative references................................................................................................................ 5

3 Terms and definitions............................................................................................................... 6

4 Materials.....................................................................................................................................8

5 Requirements ............................................................................................................................ 85.1 General ....................................................................................................................................... 85.2 Properties of fresh mortar........................................................................................................85.3 Proportion of constituents....................................................................................................... 85.4 Properties of hardened mortar ................................................................................................95.5 Additional requirements for thin layer mortars ................................................................... 105.6 Reaction to fire ........................................................................................................................ 105.7 Mixing of mortar on site ......................................................................................................... 11

6 Designation of masonry mortar............................................................................................. 11

7 Marking and labelling.............................................................................................................. 12

8 Evaluation of conformity ........................................................................................................ 12

8.1 General .....................................................................................................................................128.2 Initial type tests .......................................................................................................................128.3 Factory production control .................................................................................................... 13

Annex A (normative) Sampling for initial type testing and independent testing of consignments15

Annex B (informative) Use of masonry units and masonry mortar ................................................. 16

Annex C (normative) Characteristic initial shear strength of designed masonry mortars ........... 18

Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of EUConstruction Products Directive ........................................................................................... 19

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EN 998-2:2003 (E)

3

Foreword

This document (EN 998-2:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC125 "Masonry",the Secretariat of which is held by BSI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of anidentical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2003, and conflicting national standardsshall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2005.

This document supersedes EN 998-2:2001.

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the EuropeanCommission and the European Free Trade Association and supports the essential requirements of

the EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC).

It also takes into account the general rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry in Eurocode 6.

For relationship with EU Directives, see informative Annex ZA which is an integral part of thisstandard.

In this European Standard the Annexes A and C are normative and the Annex B is informative.

EN 998 Specification for mortar for masonryconsists of:

Part 1: Rendering and plastering mortar.

Part 2: Masonry mortar.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of thefollowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UnitedKingdom.

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EN 998-2:2003 (E)

4

Introduction

The properties required of a mortar are related to its use.

They are considered in two groups viz.: those relating to the fresh, unhardened mortar and those tothe hardened mortar.

To support the aim of achieving a performance-related standard, as far as practicable, the standardrefers only to the properties of the product and not to its method of manufacture, except where this isunavoidable in the description of the characteristics of the product.

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EN 998-2:2003 (E)

5

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies requirements for factory made masonry mortars (bedding, jointingand pointing) for use in masonry walls, columns and partitions (e.g. facing and rendered masonry,

load bearing or non-load bearing masonry structures for building and civil engineering).

This European Standard defines for fresh mortars the performance related to workable life, chloridecontent, air content, density and correction time (for thin-layer mortars only). For hardened mortars itdefines e.g. performances related to compressive strength, bond strength, density measuredaccording to the corresponding test methods contained in separate European Standards.

This European Standard provides for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this EuropeanStandard.

The marking requirement for products covered by this European Standard is included.

This European Standard covers masonry mortars defined in clause 3 with the exception of site mademortars. However, this standard or part of this standard may be used in conjunction with codes ofapplications and National specifications covering site made mortars.

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from otherpublications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and thepublications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of anyof these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment orrevision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (includingamendments).

EN 771, Specification for masonry units.

EN 1015-1, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution(by sieve analysis).

EN 1015-2, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 2: Bulk sampling of mortars andpreparation of test mortars.

EN 1015-7, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 7: Determination of air content of freshmortar.

EN 1015-9, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 9: Determination of workable life andcorrection time of fresh mortar.

EN 1015-10, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 10: Determination of dry bulk density ofhardened mortar.

EN 1015-11, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 11: Determination of flexural andcompressive strength of hardened mortar.

EN 1015-17, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 17: Determination of water solublechloride content of fresh mortar.

EN 1015-18, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 18: Determination of water absorption

coefficient due to capillary action of hardened mortar.

EN 1745:2002, Masonry and masonry products Methods for determining design thermal values.

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EN 998-2:2003 (E)

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EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements Part 1: Classificationusing test data from reaction to fire tests.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1masonry mortarmix of one or more inorganic binders, aggregates, water, and sometimes additions and/or admixturesfor bedding, jointing and pointing of masonry

3.1.1fresh masonry mortarmortar completely mixed and ready for use

3.2 Type of masonry mortar, defined according to concept

3.2.1designed masonry mortarmortar whose composition and manufacturing method is chosen by the producer in order to achievespecified properties (performance concept)

3.2.2prescribed masonry mortarmortar made in predetermined proportions, the properties of which are assumed from the statedproportion of the constituents (recipe concept)

3.3 Type of masonry mortar, defined according to properties and/or use

3.3.1general purpose masonry mortar (G)masonry mortar without special characteristics

3.3.2thin layer masonry mortar (T)designed masonry mortar with a maximum aggregate size less than or equal to a prescribed figure(see 5.5.2)

3.3.3lightweight masonry mortar (L)designed masonry mortar with a dry hardened density below a prescribed figure (see 5.4.5)

3.4 Type of masonry mortar, defined according to the mode of manufacture

3.4.1factory made masonry mortarmortar batched and mixed in a factory. It may be "dry mortar" which is ready-mixed, only requiring theaddition of water or "wet mortar" which is supplied ready for use

3.4.2semi-finished factory made masonry mortarmortar described in either 3.4.2.1 or 3.4.2.2p

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3.4.2.1prebatched masonry mortarmortar whose constituents are wholly batched in a factory, supplied to the building site and mixedthere according to the manufacturer's specification and conditions

3.4.2.2premixed lime-sand- masonry mortarmortar whose constituents are wholly batched and mixed in a factory, supplied to the building sitewhere further constituents specified or provided by the factory are added (e.g. cement)

3.4.3site-made masonry mortarmortar composed of individual constituents batched and mixed on the building site

3.5bindermaterial used to hold solid particles together in a coherent mass, e.g. cement, building lime

3.6aggregategranular material that does not contribute to the hardening reaction of the mortar

3.7admixturematerial added in small quantities to produce specified modifications to the properties

3.8additionfinely divided inorganic material (which is not an aggregate or binder) that may be added to mortar inorder to improve or achieve special properties

3.9bond strengthadhesion perpendicular to the bed between the masonry mortar and the masonry unit

3.10declared valuevalue that a manufacturer is confident in achieving, bearing in mind the precision of test and variabilityof process

3.11masonry subjected to severe exposuremasonry or elements of masonry which are subjected to saturation with water (driving rain, groundwater) combined with frequent freeze/thaw-cycling due to climatic conditions, and absence ofprotective features

3.12masonry subjected to moderate exposuremasonry or elements of masonry which are exposed to moisture and freeze/thaw-cycling, excludingconstructions subjected to severe exposure

3.13masonry subjected to passive exposuremasonry or elements of masonry which are not intended to be exposed to moisture and freezingconditionsp

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EN 998-2:2003 (E)

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4 Materials

Raw materials shall have characteristics permitting the finished product to conform to therequirements of this standard. The manufacturer shall keep records of how suitability of materials isestablished.

5 Requirements

5.1 General

The requirements and properties specified in this standard shall be defined in terms of the testmethods and other procedures referred to in this standard. The conformity criteria given in thefollowing sub-clauses relate to initial type tests (see 8.2) and consignments testing (in accordancewith Annex A). For production evaluation the manufacturer shall define the conformity criteria in thefactory production control documentation (see 8.3).

5.2 Properties of fresh mortar

5.2.1 Workable life

The workable life shall be declared by the manufacturer. When the masonry mortar is sampled from aconsignment in accordance with EN 1015-2 and tested in accordance with EN 1015-9 the workablelife shall not be less than the declared value.

5.2.2 Chloride content

When relevant, the chloride content of the mortar as delivered shall be declared by the manufacturer.When sampled from a consignment in accordance with EN 1015-2 and either tested in accordance

with EN 1015-17 using the procedure for determining water soluble chloride content or using acalculation based on measured chloride ion content of the constituents of the mortar, the chloridecontent shall not be higher than the declared value.

NOTE The chloride content should not exceed 0,1 % Cl of the mortar by dry mass.

5.2.3 Air content

When relevant for the use for which the masonry mortar is placed on the market the range in whichthe air content will fall shall be declared by the manufacturer. When sampled from a consignment inaccordance with EN 1015-2 and tested in accordance with EN 1015-7 the air content shall fall withinthe declared range.

For masonry mortar where porous aggregates are used the air content may alternatively bedetermined by testing the fresh mortar density according to EN 1015-6.

5.3 Proportion of constituents

For prescribed mortars the mix proportions by volume or by weight of all the constituents shall bedeclared by the manufacturer. In addition, the compressive strength shall be declared using publiclyavailable references establishing relationship between mix proportions and compressive strength.

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5.4 Properties of hardened mortar

5.4.1 Compressive strength

For designed mortars the compressive strength of masonry mortar shall be declared by themanufacturer. The manufacturer may declare the compressive strength class in accordance withTable 1, where the compressive strength is designated by an 'M' followed by the compressivestrength class in N/mm, which it exceeds.

Table 1 Mortar classes

Class M 1 M 2,5 M 5 M 10 M 15 M 20 M d

Compressive strengthN/mm2

1 2,5 5 10 15 20 d

d is a compressive strength greater than 25 N/mm2 declared by the manufacturer.

When the masonry mortar is sampled from a consignment in accordance with EN 1015-2 and testedin accordance with EN 1015-11 the compressive strength shall not be less than the declaredcompressive strength or the declared compressive strength class. It shall be declared if the air-limecontent calculated as calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 is equal to or higher than 50 % of the total amountof binder mass.

5.4.2 Bond strength

For designed masonry mortars intended to be used in elements subjected to structural requirementsthe bond strength of the mortar in combination with a masonry unit shall be declared in terms of thecharacteristic initial shear strength. The declaration may be made either on the basis of tests as a)below or tabulated values as b) below. The manufacturer shall declare the basis for his declaration.

a) Declaration based on tests

The characteristic initial shear strength of the mortar in combination with a specific type of unit inaccordance with EN 771 may be based on tests on mortar sampled from a consignment inaccordance with EN 1015-2 and tested with the relevant unit in accordance with EN 1052-3. Thecharacteristic initial shear strength shall not be less than the declared value;

b) Declaration based on tabulated values

When no declaration is made under a) the characteristic initial shear strength of the mortar incombination with a range of unit types shall be declared by reference to Annex C.

NOTE 1 Bond strength depends on the mortar, the masonry unit, its moisture content and theworkmanship.

NOTE 2 Until a direct method of test for bond strength is available the test for initial shear strength is to beused.

5.4.3 Water absorption

For masonry mortars intended to be used in external elements and exposed directly to the weather,the water absorption shall be declared by the manufacturer. When sampled from a consignment in

accordance with EN 1015-2 and tested in accordance with EN 1015-18, the water absorption shall notbe higher than the declared value.

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5.4.4 Water vapour permeability

For masonry mortars intended to be used in external elements, the water vapour permeability shall bedeclared by the manufacturer by reference to EN 1745:2002, Table A.12 giving tabulated values forwater vapour diffusion coefficient for mortar.

5.4.5 Density (dry hardened mortar)

When relevant for the use for which the masonry mortar is placed on the market the range in whichthe density of dry hardened mortar will fall shall be declared by the manufacturer. When the masonrymortar is sampled from a consignment in accordance with EN 1015-2 and tested in accordance withEN 1015-10 the density shall fall within the declared range.

For lightweight masonry mortars the density shall be equal to or less than 1 300 kg/m.

5.4.6 Thermal conductivity

For masonry mortars intended to be used in elements subject to thermal requirements themanufacturer shall give design values for the thermal conductivity of the masonry mortar by referenceto EN 1745:2002, Table A.12. Especially for lightweight masonry mortars, measured values accordingto EN 1745:2002, 4.2.2 may alternatively be declared. The manufacturer shall declare the basis forhis declaration. When the masonry mortar is sampled from a consignment in accordance with EN1015-2 and tested in accordance with EN 1745 the thermal conductivity shall be less than thedeclared value.

5.4.7 Durability

Until a European Standard method of test is available, the freeze/thaw resistance shall be evaluatedand declared to the provisions valid in the intended place of use of the mortar.

5.5 Additional requirements for thin layer mortars

5.5.1 General

Thin layer mortars shall comply with the requirements described in 5.2 and 5.4 and with the followingadditional requirements.

5.5.2 Aggregates

The aggregate size shall be not greater than 2 mm when the masonry mortar is sampled from aconsignment in accordance with EN 1015-2 and tested in accordance with EN 1015-1. Themanufacturer shall declare the maximum grain size.

5.5.3 Correction time

The correction time shall be declared. When the masonry mortar is sampled from a consignment inaccordance with EN 1015-2 and tested according to EN 1015-9, the correction time shall be greaterthan the declared value.

5.6 Reaction to fire

The manufacturer shall declare the reaction to fire classification of the masonry mortar.

Masonry mortars containing a mass or volume fraction of

1,0 % (whichever is the most onerous) ofhomogeneously distributed organic materials are classified as reaction to fire Class A1 without theneed to test.

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Masonry mortars containing a mass or volume fraction of > 1,0 % (whichever is the most onerous) ofhomogeneously distributed organic materials shall be classified in accordance with EN 13501-1 andthe appropriate reaction to fire class declared.

NOTE Attention is drawn to the Commission Decision 96/603/EC, as amended, in which non-combustible

masonry units containing not more than a mass or volume fraction of 1,0 % (whichever is the more onerous)of homogeneously distributed organic materials are classified as reaction to fire Class A 1 without testing.

5.7 Mixing of mortar on site

If certain types of mortar need specific site mixing equipment procedures or times, these shall bespecified by the manufacturer. Mixing time is measured from the time when all constituents have beenadded.

6 Designation of masonry mortar

The designation shall include the following, as relevant:

number and date of issue of this European Standard;

name of manufacturer;

a code for or the date of production;

type of mortar ( 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4);

workable life (5.2.1);

chloride content (5.2.2);

air content (5.2.3);

proportion of constituents (for prescribed mortars) and relationship to compressive strength orcompressive strength class (5.3);

compressive strength, or compressive strength class (for designed mortars) (5.4.1);

bond strength ( 5.4.2);

water absorption (5.4.3);

water vapour permeability (5.4.4);

density (5.4.5);

thermal conductivity (5.4.6);

durability (5.4.7);

maximum aggregate grain size (5.5.2);

correction time (5.5.3);

reaction to fire (5.6).

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NOTE In the designation for a product, information about special qualities may be included when the mortaris intended for use in special construction.

7 Marking and labelling

The designation (see clause 6) or code identifying the designation shall be marked on the packaging,the delivery ticket or the manufacturers data sheet or other information accompanying the product.

NOTE For CE marking and labelling ZA.3 applies. When annex ZA.3 requires the CE marking to beaccompanied by the same information as required by this clause the requirements of this clause can beconsidered to have been met..

8 Evaluation of conformity

8.1 General

The manufacturer (or his agent) shall demonstrate compliance for his product with the requirements ofthis European Standard and with declared values by carrying out both initial type testing (see 8.2) andfactory production control (see 8.3).

Alternative methods of test to the reference methods specified in this European Standard may beadopted except for the initial type tests and in case of dispute, provided that these alternativemethods satisfy the following:

a) a relationship can be shown to exist between the results from the reference test and those fromthe alternative test; and

b) the information on which the relationship is based is available.

8.2 Initial type tests

8.2.1 General

After completion of the development of a new product type and before commencement ofmanufacture and offering for sale appropriate initial type tests shall be carried out to confirm that theproperties predicted from the development meet the requirements of this standard and the values tobe declared for the product.

Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with annex A.

Initial type tests shall also be carried out on existing products when a change in the basic materials ormanufacturing procedures lead to what the manufacturer consider will change the product designationor the use of the product. In these cases the appropriate initial type tests are those for the propertieswhich are affected or need confirming and new properties introduced by a change of use.

The results of initial type tests shall be recorded. No tests need to be carried out where a declarationof tabulated values is allowed.

The tests to be conducted shall be reference tests as described in this standard for the propertiesselected from the following list in accordance with 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, consistent with the product type'sintended use.

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NOTE For the performance characteristics to be determined in order to address the CE markingprovisions, see Table ZA.1.

8.2.2 Fresh mortar properties

workable life;

chloride content;

air content;

correction time (for thin layer mortars);

aggregate size (for thin layer mortars).

8.2.3 Hardened mortar properties

compressive strength;

bond strength;

water absorption;

water vapour permeability;

density;

thermal conductivity;

reaction to fire (for mortars containing > 1 % of organic materials).

durability

8.3 Factory production control

8.3.1 General

A factory production control scheme shall be established and documented in a manual. The factoryproduction control system shall consist of procedures for internal control of the production to ensurethat such products placed on the market conform to this standard and the declared values. Theinternal control will consist of one or both of the following:

a) Regular inspections, checks and tests and the utilization of the results to control equipment, rawor incoming materials and the production process;

b) Regular inspections, checks and tests on the finished product.

Records shall be maintained of the dates of tests and inspections, identification of the productstested, and the results of the tests or inspections as indicated in the quality manual.

8.3.2 Process control

The items to be addressed in the quality documents relating to the system of control chosen from8.3.1 are given below:

1) Incoming materials

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As appropriate the manufacturer shall define the acceptance criteria of incoming materials and theprocedures that he operates to ensure that these are met;

2) Production process

As appropriate the relevant features of the plant and production process shall be defined giving thefrequency of the inspections, checks and tests, together with the values or criteria required, both onequipment and on work in progress. The action to be taken when control values or criteria are notachieved shall be given. Weighing and measuring equipment shall be calibrated. The frequency ofcalibration shall be indicated.

8.3.3 Finished product test

1) Tests on the finished product

As appropriate the factory production control system incorporates a sampling plan and the frequencyof testing the finished product. The results of sampling and testing shall be recorded. The frequencyof sampling and testing shall be determined from statistical principles, ensuring that the corresponding

production conforms to the compliance criteria in this standard and the declared values for the mortar.

2) Test equipment

Test equipment having a bearing on test results shall be calibrated. The calibration criteria andinspection procedures shall be given in the quality manual.

8.3.4 Traceability

As appropriate systems of traceability and control of incoming materials and the use of materials shallbe given in the quality documents. The stock control system of manufactured products shall be givenin the quality documents. This should include the method of treating non-conforming products.

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Annex A(normative)

Sampling for initial type testing and independent testing ofconsignments

A.1 General

This sampling procedure shall apply for initial type testing and in the event that there is a requirementfor an assessment of product compliance. For independent testing where only those propertiesdeclared by the manufacturer shall be assessed, representatives of all parties shall have theopportunity to be present at the time of sampling.

The required amount of masonry mortar for one sample shall be sampled from a lot of masonrymortar of not more than 10 m3.

A.2 Sampling procedure

The sampling procedure shall follow one of the procedures as specified in EN 1015-2.

NOTE The choice of the method of sampling will normally be dictated by the physical form of the lot inquestion.

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Annex B(informative)

Use of masonry units and masonry mortar

European codes of practice have not yet been prepared dealing with architectural design andworkmanship, encompassing the specification and use of units and masonry mortar to ensure thatsatisfactory durability in service is achieved in the finished masonry.

Until such time as these codes become available, this annex entitled "Use of masonry units andmasonry mortar" has been attached, relating the masonry mortar grades specified for such propertiesas frost resistance and soluble salts content to service conditions, including the degree of exposureand risk of saturation.

Before choosing the mortar, the degree of exposure should be considered. This will include protectionagainst saturation.

"Severe", "moderate", and "passive" environment are expressions for the degree of risk of havingmasonry exposed to a high water content coincident with the risk of a high frequency of freezing-thawing cycles due to local climatic conditions and/or to the design of the construction.

The factors forming part of the environmental evaluation are temperature and moisture conditions aswell as the occurrence of any aggressive substances. In the evaluation it is necessary to use local ortraditional experience.

The influence of possible surface coatings (e.g. painting) should be evaluated.

The examples given in the following, should only be regarded as such.

a) Constructions subjected to severe exposure

The following examples are given for masonry or masonry elements subjected to severe exposure:

Masonry near to external ground level (two courses above and below) where there is a high riskof saturation with freezing;

Unrendered parapets where there is a high risk of saturation with freezing, e.g. where the parapetis not provided with an effective coping;

Unrendered chimneys where there is a high risk of saturation with freezing;

Cappings, copings and sills in areas where freezing conditions may occur;

Free-standing boundary and screen walls where there is a high risk of saturation with freezing, forexample if the wall is not provided with an effective coping;

Earth retaining walls where there is a high risk of saturation with freezing for example where thewall has not been provided with an effective coping or a water proofing treatment on the retainingface;

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b) Constructions subjected to moderate exposure

The following suitable measures to prevent saturation of the masonry are given:

1) protection to wall heads by roof overhangs or copings;

2) projecting throated sills;

3) damp-proof courses at the top and base of walls;

c) Constructions subjected to passive exposure

The following examples are given for masonry or masonry elements subjected to passive exposure:

Masonry in external walls, if provided with suitable protection, the extent of which depends onclimatic conditions. In some parts of Europe local experience shows that a thick layer of renderprovides such protection.

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Annex C(normative)

Characteristic initial shear strength of designed masonry mortars

The characteristic initial shear strength of designed masonry mortars in combination with masonryunits to EN 771 shall be as follows:

0,15 N/mm2 for General purposeand lightweight mortar;

0,3 N/mm2 for Thin layer mortar.

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Annex ZA(informative)

Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of EUConstruction Products Directive

ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics

This European Standard has been prepared under Mandate M116 Masonry and related productsgiven to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.

The clauses of this European Standard shown in this annex meet the requirements of the mandategiven under the EU Construction Products Directive (89/106 EEC).

Compliance with these clauses confers a presumption of fitness of the masonry mortars covered bythis annex for the intended uses indicated herein; reference shall be made to the informationaccompanying the CE marking.

WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives, not affecting the fitness of intended use(s),can be applicable to the masonry mortars falling within the scope of this European Standard.

NOTE In addition to any specific clauses relating to dangerous substances contained in this Standard, theremay be other requirements applicable to the products falling within its scope (e.g. transposed Europeanlegislation and national laws, regulations and administrative provisions). In order to meet the provisionsofthe EU Construction Products Directive, these requirements need also to be complied with, when and wherethey apply. An informative database of European and national provisions on dangerous substances isavailable at the Construction web site on EUROPA (CREATE, accessed through http://europa.eu.int).

This annex establishes the conditions for the CE marking of the masonry mortars intended for theuses indicated in Table ZA 1 and shows the relevant clauses applicable.

The scope of this annex is defined by Table ZA.1.

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Table ZA.1 Scope and relevant clauses

Product: Factory made masonry mortars as covered in clause 1 of this standard, comprising the followingtypes:

General purpose mortar;

Thin layer mortar;

Lightweight mortar.

Intended use: In masonry walls, columns and partitions as covered by the Scope of this standard

Essentialcharacteristics

Requirementclauses in thisEuropeanStandard

Mandatedlevels and/orclasses

Notes/Type ofdeclaration

Compressive strength

(for desgined masonry mortars)

5.4.1 None Categories ordeclared values(N/mm)

Proportion of constituents

(for prescribed masonry mortars)

5.3 None Mix proportions byvolumeor weight

Bond strength

(for desgined masonry mortars intended to be used in

elements subject to structural requirements))

5.4.2

a) based on tests

b) tabulated values

None Declared value ofinitial shear strength(N/mm) measuredtabulated

Contents of chlorides

(for mortars intended for reinforced masonry)

5.2.2 None Declared value (as amass fraction in %)

5.6 Declared EuroclassReaction to fire

(for masonry mortars intended to be used in elementssubject to fire requirements))

Euroclasses

A1 to F

Water absorption

(for masonry mortars intended to be used in external

elements)

5.3.3 None Declared value[kg/(m

2min

0,5)]

Water vapour permeability

(for masonry mortars intended to be used in external

elements)

5.4.4 None Declared tabulatedwater vapourdiffusion coefficient

Thermal conductivity/Density

(for masonry mortars intended to be used in elements

subject to thermal insulation requirements)

5.4.6 None Declared tabulated ormeasured value

[W/(mK)]Durability 5.4.7 None Declared value, as

relevant

Dangerous substances ZA.1 Note above None According to ZA.3(paragraph after FigureZA.1)

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The requirement on a certain essential characteristic is not applicable in those Member States (MSs)where there are no regulatory requirements on that characteristic for the intended use of the product.In this case, manufacturers placing their products on the market of these MSs are not obliged todetermine nor declare the performance of their products with regard to this characteristic and theoption No performance determined (NPD) in the information accompanying the CE marking (see

ZA.3) may be used. The NPD option shall not be used, however, where the characteristic is subject toa threshold level.

ZA.2 Procedure for the attestation of conformity of masonry mortars

ZA.2.1 System of attestation of conformity

The system of attestation of conformity of masonry mortars indicated in Table ZA.1, in accordancewith the Decision of the Commission of 14 October 1997 as given in annex III of the mandate forMasonry and related products M 116 is shown in Table ZA.2 for the indicated intended uses andrelevant levels or classes.

Table ZA.2 System of conformity

Product(s) Intended use(s) Level(s) orclass(es)

Attestation ofconformitysystem(s)

Factory made designedmasonry mortars

In walls, columns andpartitions

- 2+ a

Factory made prescribedmasonry mortar

In walls, columns andpartitions

- 4 b

a See Directive 89/106 EEC (CPD) Annex III.2(ii), First possibility, including certification of thefactory production control by an approved body.

b See Directive 89/106/EEC (CPD) Annex III.2 (ii), Third possibility.

The attestation of conformity of the masonry mortars indicated in Table ZA.1 shall be based on theevaluation of conformity procedures indicated in Tables ZA.3 and ZA.4 resulting from the applicationof the clauses of this European Standard.

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Table ZA.3 Assignment of evaluation of conformity tasks for designed masonry mortars

Tasks Content of the taskEvaluation ofconformity clausesto apply

Factory production control(F.P.C)

Parameters related to allrelevant characteristics ofTable ZA.1

8.3

Initial type testing All relevant characteristics ofTable ZA.1

8.2Tasks for themanufacturer

Testing of samples taken atthe factory

All relevant characteristics ofTable ZA.1

8.3.3 1)

Initialinspection offactory and

F.P.C.


8.3

Tasks for thenotified body

Certificationof F.P.C. onthe basis of

Continuoussurveillance,assessmentand approvalof F.P.C.

Parameters related to allrelevant characteristics ofTable ZA.1, in particularcompressive strength, bondstrength, contents of chlorides

8.3

Table ZA.4 Assignment of evaluation of conformity tasks for prescribed masonry mortars

Tasks Content of the taskEvaluation ofconformity clauses

to apply

Factory production control(F.P.C)


8.3Tasks for themanufacturer

Initial type testing All relevant characteristics ofTable ZA.1 8.2

ZA.2.2 EC Certificate and declaration of conformity

Designed masonry mortars (under system 2+): When compliance with the conditions of this annex isachieved, and once the notified body has drawn up the certificate mentioned below, the manufacturer

or his agent established in the EEA shall prepare and retain a declaration of conformity (ECDeclaration of conformity), which entitles the manufacturer to affix the CE marking. This declarationshall include:

name and address of the manufacturer, or his authorised representative established in the EEA,and the place of production;

description of the product (type, identification, use, ...), and a copy of the informationaccompanying the CE marking;

provisions to which the product conforms (e.g. Annex ZA of this European Standard);

particular conditions applicable to the use of the product, (e.g. provisions for use under certainconditions, etc);

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the number of the accompanying factory production control certificate;

name of, and position held by, the person empowered to sign the declaration on behalf of themanufacturer or his authorised representative.

The declaration shall be accompanied by a factory production control certificate, drawn up by thenotified body, which shall contain, in addition to the information above, the following:

name and address of the notified body;

the number of the factory production control certificate;

conditions and period of validity of the certificate, where applicable;

name of, and position held by, the person empowered to sign the certificate.

Prescribed masonry mortars (under system 4): When compliance with this annex is achieved, the

manufacturer or his agent established in the EEA shall prepare and retain a declaration of conformity(EC Declaration of conformity), which entitles the manufacturer to affix the CE marking. Thisdeclaration shall include:

name and address of the manufacturer, or his authorised representative established in the EEA,and place of production;

description of the product (type, identification, use, ...), and a copy of the informationaccompanying the CE marking;

provisions to which the product conforms (e.g. Annex ZA of this European Standard);

particular conditions applicable to the use of the product (e.g. provisions for use under certain

conditions, etc.);

name of, and position held by, the person empowered to sign the declaration on behalf of themanufacturer or of his authorised representative.

The above mentioned declarations shall be presented in the official language or languages of theMember State in which the product is to be used.

ZA.3 CE marking and labelling

The manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the EEA is responsible for theaffixing of the CE marking. The CE marking symbol to affix shall be in accordance with Directive

93/68/EC and shall be shown on the packaging or an accompanying label or on the accompanyingcommercial documents, e.g. the delivery note. The following information shall accompany the CEmarking symbol:

identification number of the certification body (only for products under systems 2+);

name or identifying mark and registered address of the producer;

the last two digits of the year in which the marking is affixed;

number of the EC certificate of conformity or factory production control certificate (if relevant);

reference to this European Standard;

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description of the product: generic name (see 3.3 of this standard) and intended uses in Table ZA1 of this annex;

information on the relevant essential characteristics in Table ZA.1 presented as declared valuesand, where relevant, level or class to declare for each essential characteristic as indicated in the

column "Notes/Type of declaration" of Table ZA.1;

No performance determined for characteristics where this is relevant.

The No performance determined (NPD) option shall not be used where the characteristic is subjectto a threshold level. Otherwise, the NPD option may be used when and where the characteristic, for agiven intended use, is not subject to regulatory requirements in the Member State of destination.

Figure ZA.1 gives examples of the information to be given on the packaging, label and/or commercialdocuments.

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01234

CE conformity marking, consisting of the

CE-symbol given in directive 93/68/EEC.

AnyCo Ltd, PO Box 21, B-1050

00

01234-CPD-00234

Name or identifying mark and registeredaddress of the producer

Last two digits of the year in which themarking was affixed

EN 9982

Designed general purpose masonry mortar forexternal use in elements subject to structuralrequirements

Compressive strength: Category M 5

Initial shear strength: 0,15 N/mm2 (tab. value)

Contents of chloride: 0,07 % Cl

Reaction to fire: Class A 1

Water absorption: 0,05kg/(m2min

0,5)

Water vapour permeability: 15/35

Thermal conductivity: ( 10,dry) 0,83 W/mK (tab.

value)

Durability (against freeze-thaw): evaluation basedon provisions valid in the intended place of use of themortar

No. of European Standard

Description of product

and

information on regulated characteristics

Figure ZA.1 Example CE marking information

In addition to any specific information relating to dangerous substances shown above, the productshould also be accompanied, when and where required and in the appropriate form, bydocumentation listing any other legislation on dangerous substances for which compliance is claimed,together with any information required by that legislation.

NOTE European legislation without national derogations need not be mentioned.

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CE conformity marking, consisting of the

CE-symbol given in directive 93/68/EEC.

Identification number of the certificationbody

AnyCo Ltd, PO Box 21, B-1050

00

Name or identifying mark and registeredaddress of the producer

Last two digits of the year in which themarking was affixed

Certificate number

EN 9982

Prescribed general purpose masonry mortar forexternal use in elements subject to structuralrequirements

Proportion of constituents (by volume):

Cement 15 %

Lime 10 %

Aggregates 75 %

Contents of chloride: 0,07 % Cl

Reaction to fire: Class A 1

Water absorption: 0,1 [kg/(m2min

0,5)]

Water vapour permeability:

15/35

Thermal conductivity: 0,83 W/mK (tab. value)

( 10,dry)

Durability (against freeze-thaw): evaluation basedon provisions valid in the intended place of use of themortar

No. of European Standard

Description of product

and

information on regulated characteristics

Figure ZA.2 Example CE marking information

In addition to any specific information relating to dangerous substances shown above, the productshould also be accompanied, when and where required and in the appropriate form, by

documentation listing any other legislation on dangerous substances for which compliance is claimed,together with any information required by that legislation.

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NOTE European legislation without national derogations need not be mentioned.

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Bibliography

EN 1052-3, Methods of test for masonry Part 3: Determination of initial shear strength.

EN 1015-6, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 6: Determination of bulk density of freshmortar.

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National Annex NA (informative)

Commentary on the differences between EN 998-2:2003 and existing British and European

Standards for masonry mortar

NA.1 Comparison of the scope of EN 998-2:2003 and BS 4721:1981

EN 998-2 specifies the constituent materials and performance requirements for mortar for masonry.It is based on performance rather than prescription and in this way differs fundamentally from

BS 4721, which includes a mixture of prescriptive and performance requirements. However,

EN 998-2 does refer to prescribed mortars and requires for these the declaration of:

a) mix proportions by mass or volume;

b) compressive strength, based on publicly available relationships between strength and mix

proportions.

The following relationships, based on the prescriptive mix proportions historically used in the UK

codes of practices and standards can be regarded as authoritative.

Table NA.1 Mortar mix designationBS 4721:1981 Mix designationa EN 998-2:2003 Mortar class

(i) 12

(ii) 6

(iii) 4

(iv) 2

aThis designation is also used in BS 5628.

Although some of the test methods that EN 998-2 refers to may be unfamiliar, with little experience

of their use internationally being available, most are relatively simple and well proven. Several testmethods are the same or very similar to those in current usage, particularly those for sampling, sieve

analysis, bulk density and air content.

The harmonized EN 998-2:2003 replaces the non-harmonized EN 998-2:2002. It is similar in

structure and general concept, but contains requirements for the following extra properties to be

declared:

a) water absorption;

b) water vapour permeability;

c) reaction to fire.

The requirement to declare the workable life for thin joint mortars has been deleted. Where the

same properties are required to be declared, both standards use the same test methods.

NA.2 Normative references (see EN 998-2:2003, Clause 2)

Some of the supporting test methods given in the EN 1015 series of standards that are referred to in

EN 998-2 are different to existing ones. Therefore, the value of particular properties obtained using

these will differ from those values being obtained using current British Standards.

NA.3 Terms and definitions (see EN 998-2:2003, Clause 3)

The definitions given in EN 998-2 generally clarify existing terminology and do not conflict with

current definitions in existing British Standards.

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NA.4 Requirements (see EN 998-2:2003, Clause 5)

NA.4.1 General(see EN 998-2:2003, 5.1)

The majority of requirements in EN 998-2 are based on a system of declared values, e.g. for

workable life and compressive strength, rather than compliance with stated minima or maxima.

Generally no limiting or threshold values are defined.

However, when relevant, there is a maximum permissible chloride content for the mortar, which is

in the same order as that arising from current requirements. Conforming to the maximum

permissible chloride content of 0,1 % by dry mass (see EN 998-2:2003, 5.2.2) is believed to be

achievable for all types of masonry mortar used in the UK.

Additional values for water absorption, water vapour permeability, air content, bond strength,

density and thermal properties are required to be declared only when relevant to the intended use.

Where values of properties are required to be declared, not all have to be taken from the results of

tests. As an example, for water vapour permeability and for thermal conductivity a declared value is

taken from an authoritative reference source given in the standard. The bond strength may also be

treated in this way or it may be declared on the basis of a test result if desired.The British Standard that covers the physical testing of masonry mortar, BS 4551-1, does not

contain tests for bond strength, neither does it directly address chloride content, water absorption,

water vapour permeability or thermal conductivity.

BS 4721 does not address durability directly, whereas EN 998-2 requires it to be considered and a

declaration made, based on local experience, as an interim in the absence of a European test

method.

NA.4.2 Workable life (see EN 998-2:2003, 5.2.1)

EN 998-2:2003, 5.2.1 requires that the workable life be declared by the manufacturer and that the

actual value be no less than the declared value, when tested in accordance with BS EN 1015-9. Thistest supersedes and is similar to the equivalent test in BS 4551-1, which will be withdrawn.

NA.4.3 Chloride content(see EN 998-2:2003, 5.2.2)

EN 998-2:2003, 5.2.2 differs from BS 4721 in that it introduces a requirement for a maximum

permitted chloride content of the mortar of 0,1 % by dry mass. However, BS EN 13139:2002,

Annex D indicates a maximum chloride content for the aggregate of 0,15 % for plain mortar and

0,06 % for mortar with embedded metals, as guidance only, whilst referring back to this standard,

EN 998-2:2003.

NA.4.4Air content(see EN 998-2:2003, 5.2.3)

EN 998-2:2003, 5.2.3 requires that the air content should be declared when relevant to the intended

use, for example in exposed conditions. This contrasts with BS 4721, where minima and maxima

are defined. For cement gauged lime:sand ready-mixed mortars, BS 4721 specifies the maximum

air content as 12 % and 15 % respectively for mortar designations (i) and (ii); and 15 % for mortar

designations (iii) and (iv). For retarded ready-to-use mortars, BS 4721 specifies the maximum air

content as 18 % for all mortar designations.

EN 998-2:2003, 5.2.3 requires that air content is tested in accordance with BS EN 1015-7, which

details two different test methods:

a) a pressure method for a declared air content of less than 20 %;

b) an alcohol displacement method for a declared air content of 20 % or more.

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The pressure method is well proven and simple and is the same in principle as that used for the

determination of air content in concrete.

NA.4.5 Compressive strength (see EN 998-2:2003, 5.4.1)

Compressive strength is declared on the basis of EN 998-2:2003, 5.4.1 Table 1 but, in addition,

further higher values are permissible. It is not anticipated that these higher values will be used

widely, if at all, and within Table 1 there are classes approximating to the current values given inBS 4721.

The specified values for compressive strength in EN 998-2 differ from those in BS 4721 even

though the test methods are similar.

NA.4.6Bond strength (see EN 998-2:2003, 5.4.2)

Bond strength represents a new requirement, not present in previous British Standards. It is a

requirement only for designed masonry mortars which are intended to be used in elements subjected

to structural requirements. Bond strength of the mortar in combination with a specific masonry unit

is declared in terms of the characteristic initial shear strength of a masonry specimen determined by

test or by a tabulated value. The tabulated values are unlikely to prove onerous in practice.

NA.4.7 Water absorption (see EN 998-2:2003, 5.4.3)

Water absorption, also a new requirement, is declared only for masonry mortars intended to be used

in external elements. This declaration is based on the new test given in BS EN 1015-18. Although

new, the test is a simple one based on well-known principles.

NA.4.8 Water vapour permeability (see EN 998-2:2003, 5.4.4)

Water vapour permeability is a new requirement which is declared only for masonry mortars

intended to be used in external elements. The declaration is based on a tabulated value taken from

BS EN 1745, Annex A, Table A12, giving values for the water vapour diffusion coefficient formortar.

NA.4.9Density (dry hardened mortar) (see EN 998-2:2003, 5.4.5)

Density is only a consideration when relevant to the intended use of the mortar, in which case the

range in which the density will fall has to be declared by the manufacturer. The circumstances when

this will be necessary are few, and moreover, because the size of the range in which density will fall

is not specified, in practice it should not be difficult to comply with this requirement.

For lightweight mortars, the density has to be equal to or less than 1 300 kg/m3.

A.4.10 Thermal conductivity (see EN 998-2:2003, 5.4.6)Thermal conductivity represents a new requirement where design values are to be given only for

masonry mortars intended to be used in elements subject to thermal requirements. The values are

obtained by tabulation or by test.

NA.4.11Durability (see EN 998-2:2003, 5.4.7)

Despite extensive efforts in the masonry industry to develop an appropriate durability test, none has

been devised to suit the criteria of accuracy, reproducibility and an acceptable test time period. As

an interim measure, the suitability of masonry mortar is based on the manufacturers experience of

laboratory tests and/or actual service for a particular environmental condition that may be severe,

moderate or passive (see EN 998-2:2003, Annex B). Also, it is expected that existingrecommendations in BS 5628 will be considered in this context.

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NA.4.12Additional requirements for thin layer mortars (see EN 998-2:2003, 5.5)

NA.4.12.1 General (see EN 998-2:2003, 5.5.1)

EN 998-2 gives new requirements for thin layer mortars. Thin layer mortars are required to conform

to all of the criteria for fresh and hardened mortars given in EN 998-2:2003, 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4but are

also required to fulfill two further requirements(see EN 998-2:2003, 5.5.2 and 5.5.3).

NA.4.12.2 Correction time (see EN 998-2:2003, 5.5.3)

The correction time has to be greater than the declared value. Current UK experience with the test is

limited but the test is relatively simple and easy to perform.

NA.4.13Reaction to fire (see EN 998-2:2003, 5.6)

EN 998-2 gives a new requirement for reaction to fire. The manufacturer has to declare the reaction

to fire classification of the mortar. Mortars containing 1,0% by mass or volume, (whichever is the

most onerous), of homogenously distributed organic material are classified as reaction to fire Class

A1 without testing

NA.4.14 Mixing of mortar on site (see EN 998-2: 2003, 5.7)

Although primarily aimed at factory-made material, EN 998-2:2003 also addresses site mixing. The

requirement in EN 998-2:2003, 5.7, states that if specific equipment, procedures or times are needed

they have to be specified by the manufacturer of the factory-produced mortar.

NA.5 Evaluation of conformity (see EN 998-2:2003 Clause 8)

There is no equivalent of EN 998-2:2003, Clause 8 in the current British Standard on masonry

mortar, BS 4721. EN 998-2:2003, Clause 8 sets out requirements for appropriate initial type testing

and for the establishment and documentation of a factory production control scheme.

NA.6 Sampling for initial type testing and independent testing of consignments (see

EN 998-2:2003, Annex A)

EN 998-2:2003, Annex A covers sampling and testing procedures for initial type testing.

Importantly, it requires that for independent testing, representatives of all parties should have the

opportunity to be present at the time of sampling.

It is also a requirement that all sampling be carried out in accordance with BS EN 1015-2 and that a

sample of masonry mortar will not represent a volume exceeding 10 m3.

NA.7 Use of masonry units and masonry mortar (see EN 998-2:2003, Annex B)

EN 998-2:2003, Annex Bgives a basic means of assessing the suitability of a mortar for different

exposure conditions.

These exposure conditions are defined in three simple categories: severe, moderate and

passive, based on temperature, moisture conditions and the presence of any aggressive

substances.

Examples of each of the three exposure conditions are given to aid the selection process (see

EN 998-2:2003, Annex B)

NOTE Further information will be available in an updated BS 5628 and DD ENV 1996-2.py

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Bibliography

BS 4721:1981, Specification for ready-mixed building mortars.

BS 4551-1:1998, Methods of testing mortars, screeds and plasters Part 1: Physical testing.

BS 5628 (all parts), Code of practice for use of masonry.

BS EN 1015-2:1999, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 2: Bulk sampling of mortars

and preparation of test mortars.

BS EN 1015-7:1999, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 7: Determination of air

content of fresh mortar.

BS EN 1015-9:1999, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 9: Determination of workable

life and correction time of fresh mortar.

BS EN 1015-18:2002, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 18: Determination of water

absorption coefficient due to capillary action of hardened mortar.

BS EN 13139:2002,Aggregates for mortar.

BS EN 1745:2002,Masonry and masonry products. Methods for determining design thermal

values.

DD ENV 1996-2:2001Eurocode 6. Design of masonry structures Part 2: Design, selection of

materials and execution of masonry (together with United Kingdom National Application

Document).

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BSI

389 Chiswick High Road

BSI British Standards Institution

BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparingBritish Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at theinternational level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.

Revisions

British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users ofBritish Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments oreditions.

It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services.We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while usingthis British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committeeresponsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400.

BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensuresthat subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards.

Buying standards

Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should beaddressed to Customer Services. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001.Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001. Email: [email protected]. Standards are alsoavailable from the BSI website at http://www.bsi-global.com.

In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply theBSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards,unless otherwise requested.

Information on standards

BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European andinternational standards through its Library and its Technical Help to ExportersService. Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give

details on all its products and services. Contact the Information Centre.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7111. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7048. Email: [email protected].

Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developmentsand receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For detailsof these and other benefits contact Membership Administration.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7002. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001.Email: [email protected].

Information regarding online access to British Standards via British StandardsOnline can be found at http://www.bsi-global.com/bsonline.

Further information about BSI is available on the BSI website athttp://www.bsi-global.com.

Copyright

Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in theUK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except aspermitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by anymeans electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior writtenpermission from BSI.

This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard,of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If thesedetails are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the priorwritten permission of BSI must be obtained.

Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright & Licensing Manager.T l +44 (0)20 8996 7070 F +44 (0)20 8996 7553

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