36 years of agri machinery

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  • 1 2515

    .. 2498

    .. 2515

    .. 2545

    36

    36 37

    ( )

    1 2552

  • 36 36

    36

    36

    IRRI, UNDP,

    FAO, IDRC, APCAEM, JIRCAS GTZ

    ( )

    30 2552

  • 1. 1

    2. 63

    3. 71

    4. 79

    5. 125

    6. 132

    7. 150

    8. 165

    9. 176

    10. 192

    11. 219

    12. 227

  • 11

    .. 2453

    6

    .. 2505

    1

    2

    2

    2

    18

    .. 2490

    150

  • 2

    3 (.. 2514 2520)

    .. 2453

    .. 2498

    .. 2500 - 2515

    .. 2515 - 2516

    .. 2516 - 2519

    ()

    .. 2519

    .. 2520

    .. 2521 - 2523

    .. 2524 - 2525

    ()

    2 3

  • 31

    .. 2526 - 2527 .

    .. 2528 - 2530

    .. 2531 - 2532

    .. 2534

    30

    .. 2535 2536

    ()

    .. 2538

    2

    1.

    (Pedal thresher) ( 1)

    .. 2498

  • 4

    .. 2505 2515

    2 3

    2.

    1.

    .. 2498

    ( 2)

    .. 2515 1

    800

    15 (3)

    (4)

    2

    () ( 5) .. 2517 3

    1,000

    ( 6)

    ( 7)

  • 51

    ( 8)

    3. 15

    .. 2516 2517 500 600

    500 600

    4

  • 6

    ( 9)

    5

    ()

    6 ()

    7

  • 71

    .. 2515 2520

    1

    8

    9

    (3)

    .. 2524 1,500

    .. 2513

    ( 5)

    (Rasp bar) 4.5

  • 8

    45 4

    ( 10) 6

    9

    ( 11)

    3 (1)

    (2) ..8 (3)

    (Wire loop) ( 12)

    (Axial flow fan)

    (Tangential flow)

    TH.8 .7 .13

    (4)

    3 1)

    80 : 20

    60 70

    50 : 50 ( 13)

    1.1)

    1.2)

    14

    2) 3

    (Rasp bar) (Spike tooth) (Wire loop)

  • 91

    10

    .. 2520

    (1)

    (2)

    (3)

    (4)

    (5)

    (6)

    (7)

    (8)

    (9)

    (10) 10

    (11)

    11

    12

  • 10

    3)

    4)

    -

    (Batch type)

    13

    ()

    14

  • 11

    1

    ( 12)

    (4)

    1)

    2)

    4 8

    3)

    (4)

    ..

    8 ( 14)

  • 12

    4 10 1

    5 40 50

    3

    65 85 (P.T.O)

    4

    6 7 8

    100 200 10

    (Mobile thresher) ( 15)

    ( 16)

    15

    16

  • 13

    1

    95

    (1,000 ) 120 150

    2

    .. 2522

    .. 2540

    (Thai IRRI Agricultural Machinery

    Development Project) .. 2514

    (Table Thresher) (17)

    ( 18)

    17

    .. 2515

    18

  • 14

    ( 19) 15

    19

    4

    ( 20)

    ( 21)

    ( 22)

    ( 23)

  • 15

    1

    20

    .. 2510 2520

    21

  • 16

    22

    23

  • 17

    1

    . .3

    2 .. 2517

    35.56

    126 (Wire loop)

    0.95

    0.6 0.95

    (Axial Flow)

    20.32

    7.62

    92

    .. 3

    Mc.Cornick

    (Un-threshed loss)

    .. 3 4

    5 6

    (Peg tooth) 9.5 5.1

    (Counter peg)

    1.5 3.0

    .. 3

  • 18

    1)

    (24)

    2)

    3)

    9.5 5.32

    .. 2518

    .. 3

    .. 3

    2

    24

  • 19

    1

    Pathnopas(11)

    10 12,000

    7 10

    1)

    2)

    .. 3

    .. 2519 .. 5

    2

    .. 2520

    .. 2520

    30 14,500

    .. 3 .. 3 ( 25)

    .. 5 2

    .. 2520 .

  • 20

    .. 5

    .. 2520 2521 7 , 1

    , 1 1 Pathnopas (11)

    .. 2524 2526

    (4)

    20

    2 3

    25 .. 3

    20

    ooo nrnno oon onnn nooo e .. 2521 o non .. 5 n onroon n .. 7 8 o 3 n oo o 2 no 3 n Pathnopas (11) on n .. 6 .. 7 }o ro }ooro n .. 6 n n} oono i }r d droooon oo}n .. 7 n nn} on 8,500 n 600 nooonon .. 5 n 1,500 n on .. 7 o nd dr Khan(8) on on .. 6 oono d dr

    25 o o n .. 3 }

  • 21

    1

    .. 2521

    .. 5 ..

    7 8 3 2

    3 Pathnopas (11) .. 6

    .. 7

    .. 6

    .. 7

    8,500

    600

    .. 5 1,500

    .. 7 Khan (8)

    .. 6

    .. 6

    2

    .. 2521 2523

    .. 8

    2 2

    2

    2

  • 22

    .. 2524

    Mongkoltanatas (10)

    Khan (8)

    .. 3 .. 2518

    (2)

    .. 2533 4

    3 8 8 10

    150

    50 80

    26

    (Rasp bar)

  • 23

    1

    (Self propel)

    15

    16

    1)

    27

    28

    29

  • 24

    ( 26)

    ( 27)

    ( 28)

    2)

    (29)

    3)

  • 25

    1

    (Counter peg)

    30

    31

  • 26

    4)

    ( 30)

    15 20 ( 31)

    5)

    5.1)

    (Eccentric) (Centrifugal force)

  • 27

    1

    (Counter Balancing Weight)

    ( 32)

    4

    15 20

    2

    32

    33

  • 28

    2

    2 3

    12 - 15

    ( 33)

    5.2)

    34

    35

  • 29

    1

    ( 34)

    5.3)

    10 12.5

    ( 35)

    36

  • 30

    5.4)

    ( 36)

    37

  • 31

    1

    5.5)

    (P.T.O)

    4

    ASAE Standard 1987 (7)

    ( 37)

    38 AGRIBUSINESS

    WORLDWIDE .. 2530

  • 32

    35 40 HRC

    AGRIBUSINESS WORLDWIDE

    ..2530 (.. 1987)

    ( 38)

    .. 2520

    2

    .. 2529

  • 33

    1

    .. 2546 2547

    5 30 40

    200

    .. 2551

    2,000

    70

    1) 2

    2

    .. 2514 2515 2

    Pathnopas (11) .. 2521

    22 1 2.63

    0.68 40

    50

    70

    2)

  • 34

    20

    45

    2

    3)

  • 35

    1

    ,

    2

    4) (.. 2520 2523) 20,000 30,000

    20 30 %

    (.)

    39

  • 36

    .. 2522/23

    6,000 [Pathnopas (11)]

    .

    12 %

    5 .

    5)

    ( 39)

    ()

    2. (Reaper) .. 2503 2505

    ( 40)

    .. 2521

  • 37

    1

    (Regional Network for Agricultural Machinery RNAM)

    8

    1

    (.. 2521 2526)

    RNAM

    RNAM (12) RNAM 3

    2

    2

    .. 2524

    ( 41) ( 42)

    40

    .. 2502

    2505

  • 38

    41

    .. 2524 [

    RNAM (55)]

    1. () 2.

    3. 4. 5. ( 3.5 ) 6.

    7. 8.

    9. 10.

    11. 12.

    13. 14.

    15. 1. :

    Mametora SM-100 Mametora Agricultural

    Machinery Co.,Ltd., Okegawa

    2. : 2 3-5

    3. : 1000 X 2600 X 950 ( X X ) 4. ( 2 ) : 178

    5. :

    6. : 1,000

    (Planetary Movement)

  • 39

    1

    7. :

    1, 2, 3 4

    8. : 0.6 1.0

    9. : 0.4 0.6 /

    42 (TNAU)

    .. 2524

    RNAM (55)

    1. 2 2.

    3. () 4.

    5. 6.

    7. 8.

    1. : TNAU (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University) Coimbotore, India

    2. : 2 8 - 10

    3. : 1,350 X 3,850 X 1,350 ( X X )

    4. ( 2 ) : 455

    5. : (Rotating Gathering Reel and Spring Tines)

    6. : (Reciprocating Cutter Bar)

    7. :

    8. : 1.6

    9. : 0.4 0.7 /

    ( 41)

    Makeham (9)

  • 40

    2

    1 1.5 45

    [ (6)] 80 130

    0.3 1.10 20 25

    10 () 18.5

    1)

    ( 43)

    43 Mametora

    1-3

  • 41

    1

    ( 44)

    20

    45

    44 Mametora

  • 42

    47.5 60.0

    10 20 ( 45)

    2)

    6.0

    25 30

    ( 46) 3.75

    6.25

    3)

    ( 47)

    ( 48)

    2

    2

    ( 49)

  • 43

    1

    48

    47

    (Mametora)

    49

    46

  • 44

    (Milling Machine)

    1 1

    50 Mametora

    51

    52

  • 45

    1

    53

    .. 2525

    ( 50)

    ( 51) .. 2525

    ( 52)

    ( 53)

    ( 54) 47,000 - 48,000

    2.5 - 3

  • 46

    1. 2 2.

    3. 4.

    5. 6.

    7.

    8.

    9. 10.

    11. 12.

    13. 14.

    15. 16.

    17. 18.

    1. :

    NANYUE 4G-1.6 Second Agricultural

    Machinery Factory Foshan

    2. : 3 Gongdong

    12

    3. : 1,840 X 3,420 X 1,220 ( X X )

    4. () : 455

    5. :

    6. : (Reciprocating Cutter Bar)

    7. :

    8. : 4.3 5.4 9. : 1.6 2.5 /

    2 - 3 1,000

  • 47

    1

    54

    ()

    45

    ( 55) () 1.0 1.20 .7

    ()

    ( 56)

    ()

    ()

    ()

  • 48

    55

    56

  • 49

    1

    2 2

    1.0 1.6 (1)

    1.6

    1.0

    2 3

    2 3

    57

  • 50

    (57)

    ( 58)

    7 10

    45,000 60,000

    3 4

    ( 59)

    58

  • 51

    1

    59

    60

  • 52

    (Safety device)

    (Shock load)

    (Safety pin) ( 60)

    (Shock Load)

    ( 61)

    ( 62)

    ..

    2515 2525

    ( 63)

    .. 2529 2530

    .. 2535

    .. 2540

  • 53

    1

    1)

    2)

    61

    .. 2523 2525

    62

    .. 2524

  • 54

    3)

    60

    3.

    50

    63

    .. 2520 2525

  • 55

    1

    64

    .. 2500 2506

    65 .. 2526 2527

    54

    64 on o o ne .. 2500 2506

    n no ooo } r n}oe .. 2530 2531 onroo ono on

    65 oo ne .. 2526 2527 o oo

    o

    o

    o

    o

    .. 2500 2506 (Jet harvester)

    ( 64)

    .. 2515

    1

  • 56

    ..

    2526 2527 . 4

    ( 65)

    .. 2530

    ( 66) .. 2528 2529

    (Axial flow)

    , (Rollers), (Front idle wheel),

    (Driving sprocket) (U-shape)

    (Track shoes) ( 67)

    300 400

  • 57

    1

    67

    66

    .. 2530 2531

  • 58

    (Cutter bar) (Gathering reel)

    (Table screw conveyor) (Retraceable fingers)

    (Chain conveyor) 4

    68

    69

  • 59

    1

    (Threshing and screening)

    5 6

    15

    400,000 500,000

    ( 68)

    (Hydrostatic)

    ( 69) 2.0

    .. 2539 2541

    (Stripper) ( 70)

  • 60

    1)

    2)

    3)

    70 (Stripper)

    .. 2539 - 2541

  • 61

    1

    1. 2525. . ()

    .. 2524

    2. 2533. ,

    , 2533

    3. 2523. .

    .. 2523

    4. 2525 . .

    .. 2524

    5. 2524. .

    6. 2525. . 2524

    7. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 1987. ASAE STANDARD. 34th Edition,

    U.S.A.

    8. Khan, A.U. 1986. The Asian Axial Flow Threshers. Proceeding of International Conference on Small Farm Equipment for Developing Countries : Post

    Experiences and Future Priority, 2 6 September 1985, The International Rice

    Research Institute 1986. Los Banos , Laguna, Philippines.

  • 62

    9. Makeham J. 1980. A Reaper for Thailand. A Before The Event Case Study, Regional Network for Agricultural Machinery Economic and Social Commission

    for Asia and the Pacific, May 1980.

    10. Mongkoltanatas, J. 1986. Adoption and Diffusion of the Axial Flow Paddy Thresher in Thailand. Proceeding of the International Conference on Small Farm Equipment for Developing Countries : Post Experiences and Future Priorities, 2

    6 September 1985, The International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines.

    11. Pathnopas, R. 1980. The Economics of Rice Threshing in Thailand . A case Study of Chachoengsao and Suphanbuir Provinces. MS. Thesis, Faculty of Economics.

    Thammasat University. Bangkok, Thailand. 12. Regional Network for Agricultural Machinery (RNAM) (1983). Testing, Evaluation &

    Modification of Cereal Harvester. Economic and Social Commission for Asia

    and the Pacific, Technical Series No. 14, September 1983.

  • 63

    2

    1-2

    (1 = 30 )

    .. 2519

    ( 60-1)

    (International Development Research Center IDRC)

    80-100

    8-10

    50-70 7-9

    60-1 ( 1)

    2

  • 64

    28 43

    650 28

    28 550

    8-12 7

    150

    1 60-1

    .. 2536 60-1

    150 300

    ( 2) 2

    6 2.5

  • 65

    2

    28 43

    650

    18

    28 25

    31.5

    11

    2 300

    5

    7.5 12

    .. 2546

    85 3

  • 66

    1 105 65.2%

    48.1% 28%

    3

    ( 3)

    1.

    2. 25 .

    3. 164 470 38 x 75 x 470 3 #12

    #14 #16 2, 7 3 30o

    4.

    5.

  • 67

    2

    6.

    7.

    8. 2

    3 x 20 2

    9. 2

    3 1.7

    6 12

    10. 3 220

    (. )

    80,000

    7 10 85

    8 200 1 200

    (

    ) 0.76

    0.11 0.65

    ( 5 30

    )

    ( 25% 1% 5 )

    28.50 21.79 335 256

    2.27 1.77 35,282 45,282

    60 706

  • 68

    .. 2546

    80-95%

    100%

    6 x 2.5

    300

    ( 4)

    12

    -

    2

    6

    0o 3.8o

    116 108-158

    0.5

  • 69

    2

    4

  • 70

    . 2539. 50

    2539 ISBN: 974-7624-35-4. 60-1 20-

    23.

    . 2536. 300 .

    2547.

    2547

    2547.

    2547

    2548. 2548

    ISBN: 974-436-438-6.

    136-146.

    Singhagajen, S. and M. Thongsawang. 1982. The Development of Village Type Rice Mills.

    Proceedings of the 5th Annual Workshop on Grains Post-Harvest Technology. pp.

    139-144. Chiangmai, Thailand.

  • 71

    3

    .. 2520

    (Rice Post harvest Technology)

    IDRC

    2 ( 1)

    1 ..

    2524

    16-18%

    1 2

    r r

    {oonn oo oonoo non n o o onoo o onon }nr one .. 2520 (Rice Post harvest Technology) o IDRC ooo 2 o} o ( 1) on on}oonoo onnonno on 1 e .. 2524 nnon n n} {nooo non o 16-18% onnooonnoo

    1 o 2

  • 72

    .. 2530

    6 8

    21% 15% 30-40

    .. 2536

    ( 2) 3

    2 30

  • 73

    3

    1. 2

    ( 3)

    2

    3

    2. 3

    1

    2

    3

  • 74

    3.

    3040

    1

    2

    5

    ( 4)

    2

    2543

    4

  • 75

    3

    .. 2540

    ( 5) 100

    15

    13 2

    7.7 5.3

    2

    Shell and Tubes

    70.35 24.0% 15.6%

    5.7 2.7

    2.8% 982

    0.694 1% 613

    4.18 1%

    250

    5 100

  • 76

    2540

    0.97 2.40

    3

    100 340

    .. 2543

    6

    2549 ( 6)

  • 77

    3

    ..2550

    400 1

    3

    1.5

    450

    1.2 1.15

    shell and tubes 24.6

    6 1.50 89

    95 105 125

    63.1 63.3 62.6%

    4,000

    9,000 ( 7)

    7

  • 78

    . 2528.

    79-83.

    , 2539, .

    23-26

    2539 . .

    , 2539,

    ,

    28-30 2539 . .

    , 2543,

    . 5-8 . 11

    1 2543.

    , 2543, 2543.

    ,

    , 158-167.

    , 2544, 2544,

    , ,

    , 104 - 108,

    91-97.

    , 2544,

    1 1 - 2544,

    , 58-66.

    ,

    11 1 - 2543. . 3-4.

    , 2548.

    2548. , ,

    , 127-135.

  • 79

    4

    95

    1 1

    .. 2549

  • 80

    25 30

    2

    2

  • 81

    4

    ()

    2521

    .. 2522 2533

    .. 2534

    8 2-ZT-78

  • 82

    2

    8 4

    .. 2538

    LG (Machinery)

    GP-401

    RNAM 2

    4

    100

    .. 2543

    4

    .. 2547 23

  • 83

    4

    70

    .. 2549

    3 - 4

    (Heigirou Kouno) ..

    1898 (.. 2441) 100

    2

  • 84

    .. 1960 (.. 2503) -

    2(Sibaura- RP2) .. 2508

    (Root wash Seedling Type)

    Kanriu 1

    1 (Soil-bearing Seedling Type Mat Type)

    .. 2511 2 (

    1) 4

    6 8

    .. 2508 8 ( 2)

    Farming Japan 1973 ..

    2516

    8

    .. 2523

    ()

  • 85

    4

    1 2 2 8

    1,000

    (Sung)

    (Transplanting boat)

    (Transplanting

    tool)

    3 .. 2496 2503

    .. 2499

    (Animal-drawn rice planter) ..

    2499 ..2501 40

    5

    63 18

    .. 2503 1

    .. 2504 2512

    2508 65 (Guangxi 65)

    67 (Jinggangshan

    67)

    2 . (Dongfeng 2 S)

    3 4

  • 86

    .. 2513

    4 .. 2510 150,000

    150 2,000

    .. 2518 100,000

    30,000

    ()

    .. 2510 .. 2522 ..

    2531 3 2 (Tang Hong 2 S), 7

    (Annapurna 7) 6 (Daedonggang 6) Regional Network for

    Agricultural Machinery (RNAM) .. 2510 2515

    .. 2523

    , (Kukje)

    , , -

    .. 2513

    (Agricultural Mechanization Development Program : AMDP)

    (International Rice Research Institute : IRRI)

    5 6

    .. 2525

    -2 -220 2

  • 87

    4

    3

    1.

    25 30

    ()

    1.1 (Mat type)

    ( 3)

    28 X

    58 X 3 3 - 5

    2 - (

    )

    -

    28 X 58

    2 2.5

  • 88

    100

    100

    3

    1.2 (Strip type) 2

    ( 4)

  • 89

    4

    4

    1.3 (Pot type)

    2

    -

    -

    ( 5)

    1

    2

  • 90

    5

    2.

    2.1

    () 3

    (Comb)( 6)

  • 91

    4

    6

    2.2 2

    ( 7)

    7

    2.3

    ( 8)

    -

  • 92

    8

    2.4

    2

    2

    2

    ( 9)

  • 93

    4

    9

    3.

    3

    3.1 1

    4 5 1

  • 94

    30

    1

    1

    3.2

    1 2 - 6

    30 ( 28 )

    3.3 1

    8 - 12 30 (

    28 )

    2

    20

    3 5

  • 95

    4

    30

    1. .. 2521

    2 --2A

    12

    ( 10)

    2

    1.

    10 12 Tong Feng - 2A

  • 96

    2.

    3.

    4.

    2.

    .. 2522/23

    (Mat Type)

    ( 11 )

    2 3

    4

    Yanmar -YP.400 4

    .. 2533

    120 X

    350 15

  • 97

    4

    11 (Mat Type)

    1.

    2.

    3.

    3.

    ( 12)

    (IRRI)

    IRRI

  • 98

    .. 2540

    1.

    (Hardware)

    (Software)

    2.

    3.

  • 99

    4

    12

    () IRRI ()

    3

    1.

    2.

    3.

    .. 2534

    ..2521

    (RNAM) ESCAP/UNDP

    8 2-ZT-78 ( 13)

    2 8 4

    ( 14)

    2

  • 100

    3 4

    1.

    2.

    4 14, 16, 18 20 30

    2 10 12 20

    3.

    5 16 24

    13 8 2-ZT-78

  • 101

    4

    14 4 Yanmar YP - 400

    4.

    2-3

    5.

    180 240 300-350

    6 15 20

    6.

    4

    2 3

    200,000

    GP-401 LG Machinery ( 15)

    RNAM 2

  • 102

    15 LG Machinery GP-401

    .. 2539

    4 GOLDSTAR 100

    120,000 ..

    2540

    10

    (.. 2540 2544)

    1 .. 2543

    4

    1,100 809 80

  • 103

    4

    .. 2547 23

    70

    2 3

    1.

    2.

    3. 4 1

    6

    8

    25

    4. 1 3 5 30

    1.16 x 8.0 6 6.5

    5.

    6.

    5

  • 104

    7.

    120,000 5 1 57.18 700

    60

    1 2

    160 220

    2.0 2.5 28 X 58

    Mat Type (16)

    16

    2

    120

    1 45

    ( 17 18)

  • 105

    4

    1.

    1

    2.

    10

    3. 2 1.40 X 8.40

    4.

    5.

    6. 2.5 X 2.5 2

    4 8

    1.16

    1.16 X 8 .0

    7.

    0.5

    5

    8. 50

    9.

    1.16 X 2 ()

    10.

  • 106

    17

    18

    2

  • 107

    4

    1 1.16 X 8.0

    4

    1.16 X 2.0 4

    1. 105

    2.5 1.16 X 2.0 4

    1.16 X 8.0 10.0

    6.5 2. 1

    2.7 1.16 X 2.0 4

    1.16 X 8.0 10.8

    7.0

    6

    6 - 8

    1.

    2

    ( 19) (

    )

  • 108

    2. 2 3

    3. 2 5

    4. 16 - 24 ( 20)

    19 20

    28 X 58 ( 21 22)

    1. 1 (

    ) 2.

    3.

    4. ()

    5.

    6.

    21

  • 109

    4

    22

    ( 23)

    23 2.

    30

  • 110

    2.5 X 28 X 58

    (XX) 5

    ( 24) ( 25 --)

    24

    1.

    (

    1 )

    2. 3 - 5 ..

    (

    )

    3.

    4. 3 4

    5. 3 - 4

    20 16

    6.

  • 111

    4

    25 () -

    25() - -

    25 ()

    1.

    2. 3 5

    ()

    3.

    4. 5

  • 112

    1.

    5 ()

    (

    )

    2.

    3.

    4.

    30

    10, 12 ,14

    ( 26)

    10

    12 14

    ( 27)

    ( 26 27)

    LG Machinery GP 401

    1

  • 113

    4

    ( 26 27) 14

    A 1

    10 G 1

    H

    3 5

    A 44 56 1 ()

    1.16 X 8.0 7 8

    1

    1.16 X 8.00

    1.16 X 10

    26 27

    () 1 ()

    A B C D E F G

    10 . 56 60 64 68 72 76 80

    12 . 50 54 58 62 66 70 74

    14 . 44 48 52 56 60 64 68

  • 114

    1.

    2

    (

    )

    2.

    ( 28)

    28

    (1)

    2 ( 29)

  • 115

    4

    29

    (2)

    ( 30)

    30

    2

  • 116

    1.

    ( 31)

    31

    2.

    ( 32)

    32

    ( 33)

  • 117

    4

    2 - 3

    33

    ( 34)

    3 5

  • 118

    34

    30 ( 35)

    35

    1.

  • 119

    4

    2.

    3.

    -

    -

    4.

    5.

    6. 2

    70 .. 2549

    6 ( 36) 450,000 500,000

  • 120

    2 4

    6

    4

    1 4

    25

    4 4

    1

    (Hard Pan) 10 15

    25

  • 121

    4

    36 6

    1.

    3-5

    2.

    20

    3. 1000 - 1200

    75 ( 1 1-2

    4.

    5. 1-2

  • 122

    1. 2

    (

    )

    1

    2.

    6

    3.

    3

    7

    4. 3000

    5. 3 - 4

    6. 1 1

    100

  • 123

    4

    .. 2521

    (Over Lode)

    2537

    ( 35 08 006 007)

    2539

    (

    37 08 006 007) , ,

    2548 , .. 2548 (

    09 01 47 0301)

    2549 ,

    , .. 2549

    2533,

    ( 33 08 001 008)

  • 124

    2537

    1 2543 4

    2543 :

    2543 2543

    2548

    K.H. RYU 1986, Rice Transplanting Machinery in Korea, Small Farm Equipment for

    Developing Countries, Proceeding of the International Conference of Small Farm

    Equipment for Developing Countries; Past Experiences and Future Priorities, 2 6 September 1985, The International Rice Research Institute, Philippines

    Kohnosuke Tsuga, 1992 Rice Transplanter, Tsukuba International Agricultural Training

    Centre, Japan International Cooperative Agency , Tsukuba Japan.

    Sasa Choichi, Soma Ryuzi, Izumi Mattashi, Kudo Keiichi, Matuyama Nobuhiko, Murayama

    Seiji, 2001 Application of non-tillage and rice transplanting method of paddy fields

    to the low trafficability paddy fields, Faculty of Agriculture and Life

    Science, Hirosaki University, Japan.

    Anonymous, 1983 Testing, Evaluation and Modification Rice Transplanters, RNAM Technical

    Series No. 13. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific Regional

    Network for Agricultutal Machinery. Pasay City, Philippines

    Anonymous, 1997 Field Performance Test for Rice Transplanter, Tsukuba International

    Agricultural Training Centre, Japan International Cooperative Agency, Tsukuba

    Japan

  • 125

    5

    .. 2535

    17 2552

    2535

    2

    ....

    2

    3

    90

    2522

    1

    2 5

    250 220

    40-60

  • 126

    1 2

    2536 12 3

    220

    (xx) 220x190x200

    1. 2. 248

  • 127

    5

    3. 40

    4.

    5.

    6.

    746

    20

    7. 12

    250

    2 (1)

    195-220

    (2)

    3

    180

    15

    20-30

    11-13 ()

    20 1 5 3-6

    3-5

  • 128

    12 2538

    -

    , , ,

    .. , , ()

    , , ,

    3 12

    2541 60 4

    1

    , , (

    ) ,

  • 129

    5

    2547

    3 5

    12 220

    (xx) 80x160x160

    4 60

    5 3

  • 130

    7

    25,000 2544 30,175

    2550 2.22

    7

    () ()

    2544 65,634.38 25,000 58,406

    2545 7,094.34 25,000 59,537

    2546 7,405.70 30,040 53,907

    2547 22,906.99 30,123 61,765

    2548 16,042.21 31,674 59,644

    2549 25,611.20 30,541 46,873

    2550 11,137.91 30,175 55,660

    2522-2535

    2536-

    2544

    7

    3-5

    2522 2538 16

    95

  • 131

    5

    . 2544. . 2544 1. , . 143-157. . 2523.

    . . .

    .

    . 2541. . 3-5.

    .- . 2541. . .

    . 2544. . 72-74.

    2544. . .

    . 2549. . .

    . 40

    . 2546. . .

    , . 140

    . 2540. . . . 71 . . 2551. 2550. .

    .

    . 2543.

    . . . 52 .

    Cliford, M.N., and Wilson, K.C. 1985. Coffee:Botany, Biochemistry and Production of Beans

    and Beverage. The AVI Publishing Company, Inc. Westpost, Connecticut. 564 pp.

    Kenneth, D. 2001. Coffee: A Guide to Buying, Brewing and Enjoying. 5th ed. St. Martins

    Griffin Press, New York. 279 pp.

  • 132

    14 % (, wet basis)

    1.

    2.

    3. (Heat pump)

  • 133

    6

    4. ( Freeze dry)

    18 o

    5.

    (Vacuum pump)

    /

    (Hot air dryer)

  • 134

    1.

    2.

    3. 4.

    5.

    6.

    7.

    8.

  • 135

    6

    1.

    (Cross flow fan)

    16

    2

    220 V 2 1

    0.5

    1.50 .

    2

    6

    2

    2

    80 o

    1.5 .

    100 x 100 .2 28

    (

    4 7 )

    28 .

  • 136

    2

    2.

    x x 1.2 x 4.8 x 1.6

    1

    60 x 120 .

    2

    -

    28 100 x 100 .2

    1 x 1 .

    7 4

    (Cross flow fan) 1 30

    900 / 2000 ./

    220 2 1

    1200

  • 137

    6

    2.5 6

    0.5 1.50 ..

    2

    6

    -

    0 99 0

    -

    (Pilot)

    -

  • 138

    (Main switch) -

    -

  • 139

    6

    3. (Temperature controller)

    (Thermocouple)

    38 38 - SET 1

    - V ^ 65 65

    - SET

    40

    48

    6 -

    -

  • 140

    3.

    Adiabatic (

    )

    (

    )

    - 2 :

    1. 4

    ( 5)

    2.

    4.

    4.1

    - -

    - -

    -

    4.2

    - -

    - 2 -

    2

  • 141

    6

    - 2 - 2

    /

    5.

    /

    1.

    2. 4

    3.

    4. 5 6 ..

    5.

    6.

    7. 5 6 ..

    8. 1 ..

    9. 5 6 ..

  • 142

    6.

    6.1

    6.2

    6.3

    6.4

    6.5

    6.6 6

    1

    7.

    3

  • 143

    6

    7.1

    7.2

    7.3

    (-)

    1

    5 .

    . 300 400 100 40

    % 85 85 85 72

    % 10 18 12 12

    . 12 6++6 4 2

    . . 30 120 14 12.72

    1 : 10 3.3 7.1 3.14

  • 144

    2

    . 350 350 350

    % 92.4 92.6 90.7

    % 14 14 14

    . 8 10 3

    . . 32 30 38

    1 : 11 11.7 9.2 1 2

    14 %

    75

    80 0

    3

    (

    ) 65 - 70 0 4 . 55 - 60 0

    2 . 2 45 - 50 0

    3

    . 350 300 300

    % 85 45 55

    % 14 14 30

    . 8 3 1

    . . 61 170 192.8

    1 : 5.7 1.76 1.56

    8.

    .

  • 145

    6

    1. 2.

    3.

    6

    1

    (Axial flow)

    16

    2

    220 V 0.25 2

    0.5

    1.50 ..

    2 6

    1

    80 o

    0.75

    .

    1

    18x36 40 ( 20 )

    15

    or }oooo{noo

    o o o

    (Axial flow)

    onrnn 16

    2

    o rj 220 V 0.25 o 2 oo po

    n 0.5 1.50 ..

    onr 2 6

    1

    o po o 80 o

    op 0.75 . n

    1

    o 18x36 40 (o 20 )

  • 146

    x x 4x6x4

    1

    18x48

    2 -

    40 18x36

    1/2 1 x 1 .

    20

    (Axial flow fan) 2 16

    2

    1. 2.

    220 2

    1200 2

    1

    4

    -

    0 99 0 -

    (Pilot)

    -

    4. (Main switch) -

    5. - 6. (Temperature controller)

  • 147

    6

    7. 24

    Adiabatic

    () 2

    ..

    . 150 200 50 20

    % 85 85 85 72

    % 10 18 12 12

    . 18 8++8 12 3

    . . 15 60 7 6.36

    1 : 10 3.3 7.1 3.14 2

    . 175 175 175

    % 92.4 92.6 90.7

    % 14 14 14

    . 14 18 6

    . . 16 15 19

    1 : 11 11.7 9.2

  • 148

    1 2

    14 %

    75

    80 0

    3

    (

    ) 65 - 70 0 6 . 55 - 60 0

    4 . 4 45 - 50 0 3

    . 175 150 150

    % 85 45 55

    % 14 14 30

    . 14 4 1.5

    . . 30.5 85 96.4

    1 : 5.7 1.76 1.56

  • 149

    6

    , 2546.

    , , ,

    .

    , , 2529. ,

    (-), . .

    , 2546.

    4

    2546, 13-14

    2546. . 383.

    (666 )

    AH Zahed, N Epstein, 1993. DRYING TECHNOLOGY, informaworld.com

    Bakker Arkema, F.W. and Hall, C.W., 1974. Drying Cereal Grains. AVT, Westport,

    Connecticut.

    Bala, B. K., 1998. Drying Cereal Grains. AVT, Westport,. Connecticut.

    Kays, W.M. and Crawford, M.E. 1980. Convective heat and mass Transfer, 2nd ed., cGraw-

    Hill, New York.

  • 150

    5

    ..2445 20-25

    130,000

    2549 989

    1,339.39 /

    2545

    (.)

    1

    2

    1.

  • 151

    7

    1

    (400-800 )

    (1,000-1,400 )

    1

    2

    1. }onr oorj}o oo 1 o }onn}roono (400-800 ) noo }oo oo o ono }on ooo}ono noor rno (1,000-1,400 ) non nno ooo }ooo 1

    2. } o n oo 1

  • 152

    2. 1

    15-20

    (Multi-ends Silk Reeling Machine)

    (Automatic Silk Reeling Machine)

    2 () ()

    3 () ()

  • 153

    7

    1. ()

    .. 2533

    1.1 1 ( 4) 4

    ( 50 ) (

    150 ) 120-140 /

    () 1 3

    1

    4 1

  • 154

    1 1

    ()

    (%)

    (/)

    ()

    1 X

    200 11.6-14.5 100.0-114.0 3.5-4.0

    1 179.6 7.8-8.0% 128.6-156.9 4.0-5.0

    1.2 2 1/4 ( 50 )

    ( 150 ) 110 / ( 5)

    1 3

    10.1%

    6

    5 2 ( 50)

    2

    1

    2536

  • 155

    7

    2. 1

    ()

    0.11 /

    1 ( 6)

    2541 2543

    6 1 () 1 ()

    1

    8-10

    3 80

    () ()

  • 156

    1

    1

    .. 2551

    3. 2

    2

    1

    1

    2

    3.1 1.

  • 157

    7

    2.

    3.

    4. 3

    UB1 () () (NN x UB1)

    1

    CRD 5 30 /

    25 65-70

    (Denier) (Tenacity)

    (Elongation) (Cohesion)

    10

    5.

    3.2 3.2.1. 1.

    3

    2.

  • 158

    1

    2

    (m/min)

    60-70 C 26

    1 60-70 C 45

    Multi-ends* 30-45 C 50 80

    * 30-45 C 100-120

    * Yong-woo, 1999

    2 1

    (Multi-ends silk reeling

    machine) 1

    50 m/min (0.83 m/sec)

    2

    3.

    40 /

    4.

    4 2

    2 PVC PVC

    PVC 3 ( 7)

    PVC 2

    5.

    (Cross Diamond)

  • 159

    7

    (Travers revolving)

    ( 8)

    7

    8 () ()

    2

    3.2.3

    2

  • 160

    9

    2 10

    9 2 () ()

    ()

    10 2

  • 161

    7

    3.3.3 2

    3 (

    UB1) 1

    11-16

    1 3.3 2.6

    0.05

    3.3.4

    1 2 90, 217 3,000

    18, 43.4 525 /

    1,133, 897 340 /.()

    0.87 0.64 ./ ( 17) 3

    1 / 2

    3.3.5 (Jet bout)

    9 ()

    3.3.6 2 2,000

    3

    3

    2

    2.40

  • 162

  • 163

    7

    (

    1) ( 1

    2)

    ( 2 1

    )

    17 2 1

  • 164

    . 2544.

    . .160-175 2544.

    .

    . 2540.

    . 171-179 2540

    . .

    . 2546. .... . 76(4) -: 31-43

    . 2549. 2

    . 2549

    : 23

    . 2546. . : 89

    . 2536. 2. ,

    . 2533.

    . 2533

    : 276-278

    . 2536.

    1. 2536

    98-100

    . 2536.

    2. 2536

    101-103

    . 2541. .

    1: 6

    . 2539. . :

    179

    , , , . 2547.

    1. 2547

    , , , . 2548.

    2.

    6 2548: 30-31 2548

    .

    Lee, Yong-woo. 1999. Silk Reeling and Testing Manual. FAO agricultural services bulletin

    no. 1

  • 165

    8

    .. 2538

    6 (1) (2)

    (3) (4)

    (5) (6)

    10

    1. ( 1) .. 2540

    38 20

    5 x 13 ( x ) 9 45

    3.5 5.5

  • 166

    8 3 4

    2.5 1

    5 x 11 ( x )

    50 5

    8 220 3

    1,500

    5

    2.5 180 200 2

    1.

  • 167

    8

    2.

    2. ( 3) .. 2540 2543

    ,

    ,

    , (Fly wheel)

    ,

    6 11.5

    8 800 1,000

    2 5

    600 750

  • 168

    30

    2 4

    4

    3.

    4.

  • 169

    8

    3. ( 5)

    .. 2544

    .. 2540

    2 180 4 90

    2

    30 45 5

    3 45, 55 65 5 8 80 320

    3 5

    6

    5.

  • 170

    4. ( 7) .. 2543 2545 3

    8

    4

    10

    2 4

    7 20 5 8.5

    5 15

    5 200 1,500

    2,500

    8 2 460

    300

    9

    6.

  • 171

    8

    7.

    8.

  • 172

    5. ( 10) 3

    .. 2543

    9.

  • 173

    8

    1 3 120

    3 6 9

    4.5

    9.5

    1,700 1,900

    200 300 2 3

    11

    10.

    11.

  • 174

    6.

    60 80

    1.5 8

    6 8

    ( 12)

    ( 13)

    250 300

  • 175

    8

    12.

    13.

  • 176

    1 3

    (1. 2. 3. 4. 5.)

  • 177

    9

    2

    .. 2543

    2 2

    1. -

    -

  • 178

    3

    4 -

    2. (spiral)

  • 179

    9

    5

    3.

    2

    6

  • 180

    200 /

    450

    7

    50,000 2,000

    ()

    2-3

  • 181

    9

    8

    9

    .. 2546 2545

    6 .. 2552

  • 182

    10

    .. 2544 80

    3.44 /. 26

    24

    11 80

  • 183

    9

    2546

    ( 35 )

    (Off-set)

    1)

    155 .

    1

    2

    4

  • 184

    12

    2)

    38 1.93:1

    1.875:1 150 /

    540 /

  • 185

    9

    13

    3) C L

    8 6 3

    1 .

    L2201 22

    1 2440 / 540 /

    150 /

    10 .

    10 5 32

    20-30 .

    1.62 /. 1.22 ./

    . 83.64 % 2.05

    / 1.99 /.

  • 186

    14

    1.15 ./.. 0.82 ./..

    28.7%

    10 . 945.3 649.6 31.3%

    96%

    155 .

    (15-35 )

    35

    10-15 .

  • 187

    9

    ..2547

    2 3

    3

    2 3

    2

    15

    80-90 3

    1.20

    540 /

    500 /

  • 188

    16

    1.2-1.6

    1

    C-L

    4 6

    17

  • 189

    9

    18 C-L 24

    L C 8 (KO7)

    L C 6 (KO6)

    4.11 / 7.88 %(db) 140

    1.9 / 89.64 %

    275.8 58.9

    78.6 96 KO7

    100

    KO7

    19

  • 190

    . .

    20

    88,000

    20

    2000

  • 191

    9

    . 2551.

    . 02 015102010101 51.

    . .

    . 2544. .

    . 12 4 - 2544. 7-8.

    .

    . 2545. 4

    . 43 08001 005. .

    .

    . 2548.

    . 09 01470 101.

    . .

    . 2548.

    .

    2548. . .

  • 192

    .. 2545/46 57 30

    d

    2

    1 4

    5

  • 193

    10

    1

    2

  • 194

    3

    4

  • 195

    10

    ,

    ,

    5

    70

  • 196

    6

    3

    4

    70 75

    25 30

    2

  • 197

    10

    6 oo

    o oon 4 n o nno oono norn nnoon non nonoo n noron }o roo oonn no 70 75 noo 25 30 onn oonoo oo no o 2 oo

    7 on onoo onoo 1 n o 2-3 ron 1 oonr r 1-2 oo}nono n }on no o

    no n 1-2

    7

    1

    2-3 1

    1-2

    8

    7 onooro

    8 nnoor oo n n

    1. 40 oo 20 2. o nno 4 n 3. ronr 50 . (2 ) onr 19 . (3/4 ) 10 . 4 4 4. o 1 5. o 6. oonr 45 7. ngnn 9 8. 7 6

    9 ngnn

    12

    3 4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    g C 15 {

    g B 30 {

    g A 24 , 28 , 32 { (o)

  • 198

    1. 40 20

    2. 4

    3. 50 . (2 )

    19 . (3/4 ) 10 . 4 4

    4. 1

    5.

    6. 45

    7. 9

    8. 7 6

    9

    2

    2

    1 2 1

    7 onooro

    8 nnoor oo n n

    1. 40 oo 20 2. o nno 4 n 3. ronr 50 . (2 ) onr 19 . (3/4 ) 10 . 4 4 4. o 1 5. o 6. oonr 45 7. ngnn 9 8. 7 6

    9 ngnn

    12

    3 4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    g C 15 {

    g B 30 {

    g A 24 , 28 , 32 { (o)

  • 199

    10

    70

    3

    4

    1 1

    1

    3 70

    1

    ()

    (/)

    (/)

    (/)

    *

    (/)

    ( % )

    1 3.3 25 4.4 2 550 76.50

    2 0.75 25 1.5 3 550 79.76

    3 1.65 25 3.2 2.5 550 80.77 *

    ASAE

    * q

    i 11 15 1

    8 o

    oo o onon n{ n 2 n o 2 onnno 1 2 r o 1 n

    70 n o}oro}ooo }n n 3 4 n onno 1 oo onn 1 oon oo onnno n o 1 nn 3 70 n 1 n

    (n)

    n (/n)

    (n/)

    (/n)

    * (/n)

    ( % )

    1 3.3 25 4.4 2 550 76.50 2 0.75 25 1.5 3 550 79.76 3 1.65 25 3.2 2.5 550 80.77

    * } n o ASAE * qionoo 11 15 n 1 n

    CVCU

    q

    SDCV

    SD

    q

    n

    qq

    n

    q

    ni

    i

    i

    ni

    i

    i

    100

    1001

    )(0

    2

    0

    * iq = oo 1,2,..n q = n

    SD = n CV = n(%) CU = n(%)

  • 200

    70 80 %

    (

    17 18 ) 10 11 15 1

    11

  • 201

    10

    2 5

    12

    2

    = 50 x 80

    = 17 / = 4 /

    = 2.5 /

    = 81 %

  • 202

    4

    13

    14

  • 203

    10

    15

    16

  • 204

    100 3 4

    17

    ()

    18

  • 205

    10

    19

  • 206

    20

  • 207

    10

    21

  • 208

    22

    23

    .

    . .

  • 209

    10

    2.5

    .

    . . .

    .

    24

  • 210

    . .

    25

    10

    40

    / 35 37 /

    = 10

    =

    = 40 /

    = 7 /

    = 2 3 /

  • 211

    10

    26

    ( 2) 2 2550

    ()

    3 500

    2 50

    1 120

    1 30

    1 5

    1 300

    9 1,005

  • 212

    2551

    1

    27 28 5 125

    . . .

    28 45 6 147

  • 213

    10

    . . .

    29 50 6 150

    . . . 2

    30 80 7 180

    . . .

    31 70 7 180

  • 214

    . . .

    32 28 5 125

    . . .

    33 45 6 147

    . .

    34 60 7 180

  • 215

    10

    . . .

    35 80 14 180

    . . .

    36 60 7 210

    . .

    37 60 7 210

  • 216

    4 2551

    ()

    . . 5 2 270

    . . 4 - -

    . . 1 - -

    . . 1 - -

    . . 4 - 1,000

    . . - 1 50

    . . - 2 20

    . . - 1 40

    . . - 1 60

    . . - 1 1

    . . 1 - 55

    16 3* 1,496 * 3

    2

    1. 130 . . .

    4

  • 217

    10

    2. 359 13 . . .

    7

    5

    . . . 5

    . . . 4

    . . . 3

    . . . 1

    . . . 1

    . . 1

    . . . 1 16

    1.

    2.

    3.

  • 218

    4.

    5. 11,000

    1.

    ()

    2. 100

    3.

    4.

    4 24

    5-7

    80-120

    40-140

    11-40 /

    2-5 /

    70-80 %

    1-3 /

    . 2548.

    .

    . 2549.

    .

    . 2549. 2548/49.

  • 219

    11

    60

    8 3

    1 2

    (hard

    pan)

    150

    130 ( 2548)

    1 3-4 1-2

    4

  • 220

    () ()

    1 () ()

    2535

    NIPLO 1.80

    Kubota L2605 27

    2 (540 )

    35 1.46 : 1

    10 17 1.7 : 1

    218 Cage Wheel 3 5

    18 4 2 5

    2 4 90

    2.4

  • 221

    11

    2

    3 cage wheel

    4 4 5

  • 222

    27

    2

    5 1

    5

    1 2.27

    70.27

    1.96

    2.15

    52.24

    7.59 .

    6 1 2

  • 223

    11

    (Cone drop type ) 2

    6 0-10

    10

    (hard pan)

    (hard pan)

    2 1

    2 (Proximity sensor)

    (Data logger) (load)

    2 2

    , 535 507

    , () 0.32 (0.24) 16.95 (12.65)

    7

  • 224

    350,000 1.4

    40,000 40,000 430,000

    7 7 113,000

    2

    1.

    2548

    380 / 420 /

    2. 1

    420 / 380 / 2 488 / 200 /

    1,000 /

    1 280 / 380 100

    / 100,000 /

    2 162 / 200

    38 / 38,000 /

    62,000 /

    2 1,373

    380 10 156

  • 225

    11

    2.40 2.27

    70.27 1.97

    52.24

    100

    6 2551

  • 226

    2548

    . . () Kubota

    . .

    . 2542. . ,. 5.

    2548.

    09-01-48-02. .

    . 2537.

    . 7 5-8.

    .2548. 2548.

    Jun Sakai. Prof. Emeritus and Prof. Surin Pongsupamit. Two- Wheel Tractors Engineering for

    Asian Wet Land Farming. Shin-norinsha Co., Tokyo Japan. pp 14. Sinha, M.P. 1964. A study of the measurement of Puddling and Comparative Performance

    of Different Implements for Puddling in Rice Cultivation. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nation, International Rice Commission, Manila,

    Philippines. 5 pages.

    Yanmar diesel engine,2000. Yanmar Green Revolution page 49.

  • 227

    12

    64

    27 425 / 57

    7

    ,

    2 1

    1

    1 1

  • 228

    2

    2 (

    ) ()

    2

    3,500 9,500

    2 2

    3

    3 () ()

  • 229

    12

    4

    4

    2546

    10

    50 3

    L- C 15 1,800

    / 348 / 5

    5

  • 230

    2543

    (2549)

    (2546)

    6

    6

  • 231

    12

    9 - 11

    11

    2,000 202

    1 2 7

    7 ()

    L - C 6 6

    36 ()

    8 9

    8

  • 232

    9

    1

    (EDI 110 C) 11 1,800

    (ET 110) 11

    2,000 1

    1 10

    1 1

    1 2

    , 2.91 4.81

    , .. 4.03 5.83

    , 91.19 91.97

    , 2.76 2.98

    ,

    ()1.30 1.49

  • 233

    12

    10 1

    1 1

    2 2

    (EDI 110 C) 11 1,800

    (ET 110) 11

    2,000 2

    2 11 2 2 1 2 , 2.91 4.80

    ,. 9.0 9.0

    ,. 10.58 11.67

    , .. 4.28 4.21

    , 93.68 95.57

    , 3.01 3.02

    ,

    ()1.32 1.24

    , 60 60

  • 234

    11 2

    12 1 2

    9

    12 non 1 2

    12 n n 0-10 } nnon on 25 o n non n 2 noo ro

    ron ro 1 } 10.30 hp (7.68 kw) 2 } 9.65 hp (7.20 kw) n 1 on 2 rr on 25,000 r (11 o) n 35,000 1.20 49,000 r (11 o) n 35,000 144,000 or 7 e ro 7 e n 14,400 rro 1 2 o

    05

    10152025303540

    0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

    no (kPa)

    (.

    .)

    n 1 2

  • 235

    12

    12 0-10

    25

    2

    1 10.30 hp (7.68 kw) 2 9.65 hp (7.20 kw)

    1 2

    25,000 (11 )

    35,000 1.20 49,000

    (11 ) 35,000 144,000

    7 7

    14,400

    1 2

    13

    10

    050

    100150200250300350400450500

    0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

    one, n

    non,

    /n

    13 rnone o 13 noooono 1 2 on onno{ n{no 1 ono 150 /n nnoono 200 /n onon 350 /n rnone o nonon 350 /n 120 n/e

    0

    50

    100

    150

    200

    250

    300

    350

    400

    450

    500

    0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

    one, n

    o

    , /n

    14 rnone oo

    14 ooooo ooon o 1 2 on o 1 o 100 /n nnoono 100 /n o

  • 236

    13

    1 2

    1 150 /

    200 /

    350 /

    350 / 120 /

    14

    14

    1 2

    1 100 /

    100 / 200 /

    200 /

    192.87 /

    11 (8.21 ) 200

    10

    050

    100150200250300350400450500

    0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

    one, n

    non,

    /n

    13 rnone o 13 noooono 1 2 on onno{ n{no 1 ono 150 /n nnoono 200 /n onon 350 /n rnone o nonon 350 /n 120 n/e

    0

    50

    100

    150

    200

    250

    300

    350

    400

    450

    500

    0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

    one, n

    o

    , /n

    14 rnone oo

    14 ooooo ooon o 1 2 on o 1 o 100 /n nnoono 100 /n o

  • 237

    12

    2,000 3.5

    15 1.46:1 1.875:1

    200 1.20

    L- C 6 6 36

    1 . 11

    4.18

    2.87 91.58

    0.575 () 0.815 ()

    1 2

    4.25 3.02

    94.63 0.52

    () 0.76 () 60

    1 2 40 3

    60 2

    .

    11 16

    8 .. 2550

    . .

  • 238

    2549

    : 2551

    1 2551

  • 239

    12

    .2548. 2548 . 2548.

    .

    . 2544.

    . 2546.

    Jun Sakai. Prof. Emeritus and Prof. Surin Pongsupamit. Two- Wheel Tractors Engineering

    for Asian Wet Land Farming. Shin-norinsha Co., Tokyo Japan. pp 14.