37 paraskevi 2 7 2010.pdf

7/24/2019 37 PARASKEVI 2 7 2010.pdf

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ΟΡΘΟ∆ΟΞΗ ΖΩΗ

EBDOMADIAIO ΠΕΡΙΟ∆ΙΚΟ ∆ΙΑ∆ΙΚΤΥΟΥ

ΣB7=#=@: † H =;898+=@ Γ;=B78@ & 89?@ F;6+@

D;3>6. 37

ΠΑIΑΣΚΕ'Η 2 Ι%'ΛΙ%' 2010

† Κ=#>< =36+@ E<>ῆ=8@ Θ8=8B, Λ#69;8B 786.

Κ'IΙΑΚΑΙΚ% ΕΓΚ'ΚΛΙ% ΚΗI'ΓΑΔ%ΓΑΙΚΗ ΚΑΗΗΣΗ ΗΣ %IΘ%Δ%ΞΗΣ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣ ΑΣ

Σ3;# Κ;B6#=?7

(D737<=3 #> ΚB;3* ἀ9 =8@ G;ῖ@ <=8@ $8@

+ =+@ 87@ =ῆ@ G;J@ =;89@ 6@)

Δ6=<#7 - 98, ΚB;3* 4 F8B+8B 2010

5. Η ΑΓIΑ!Η ΙΕIΗ ΠΑIΑΔ%ΣΗ

1. QK _aljâf^ῖ^ heo]dj^qK j^t, ἀd^meql[ jlv uofpqf^kl[, ἀk^cYolkq^f pqZkƒor\alge [pqe j^t. f᾿ ^%q\ h^[ mô^hîῶ kK qK molpYulvjb Milf j^t jY#af^[qbol kaf^cYolk.

qK moledl]jbk^ heo]dj^qK j^t bm^jb Mqf l* medYt qῆt [pqet j^t bἶk^f ˆboZ ôKalpe h^[ …d[^ o^cZ. uf j\kl …d[^ o^cZ, ἀiiK h [ boZôKalpe. ’mst /ibdb + 'df^pjYklt Yolkq^t m. sco\kflt EûKosc, + _fl-doKclt qlῦ …d[lv filv^klῦ qlῦ €rsk[qlv, R …d[^ 5o^cZ aYk bἶk^f _^r]qboe0 pmlva^f\qboe ἀm\ qZk ˆboZ 9ôKalpe, ἀiiK jfK ἀm\ q[t jlocYt qet. Dἶk^fMjst jlocZ ^%qZ mf\ mli]qfje, df^q[ b3hli^ af^cviKppbq^f h^[ b3hli^

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uoepfjlmlfbῖq^fS .1 ‡ ˆboZ ôKalpe, ἀmlhîvcrbῖp^ aeiâZ ἀiZrbf^ qlῦblῦ, a\rehb pql]t €mlpq\ilvt h^[ heo]uqehb ἀm\ ^%ql]t pql]t mfpql]t. f᾿^%q\ h^[ iYdlkq^t ˆboZ ôKalpe kllῦjb qZk afa^phî[^ ml] /oubq^f ἀm\ qZk•hhiep[^ qῶk €mlpqlifhῶk uo\ksk= h^[ df᾿ ^%q\ pq\k 2l jYuof q\k 4l ^#nk^

^%qZ hîbῖq^f R€mlpqlifhZ 9ôKalpeS .2. oYmbf kK dkso[wlvjb, ἀabicl[ uofpqf^kl[, Mqf mî^fK •hhiep[^ mo\pbub

kK jZk d[klvk dkspqK ἀm\ ql]t jZ uofpqf^kl]t qK ?df^ IvpqZofK qet. ’q^kqbibῖql q\ CKmqfpj^ b[^ D%uôfpq[^ aYk ἦq^k mô\kqbt l* jZ uofpqf^kl[.H^[ ἀhof_ῶt dfK q\k i\dl kK jZk d[klvk dkspqK qK ˆboK IvpqZof^, df᾿ ^%q\ qKge qῆt qbibqῆt qῶk Ivpqeo[sk aYk ἦq^k h^q^dbdo^jjYke, ἀiiK jbqâfa\q^kmolclofhK.2 H^[ M,qf dfk\q^k jvpqfhK, ἀmlqbilῦpb q\ l%pf^pqfh\ jYolt qῆt [-pqet. ‰ ?dflt H]ofiilt + ‚bolpli]jsk (4lt ^#nk^t) jᾶt q\ iYbf ^%q\ mli]h^rôK. €kî^j_Kklkq^t qZk H^qZuepe hb[ksk ml] bἶu^k ἀmlc^p[pbf kK d[klvkuofpqf^kl[, iYdbf + ˆboKouet mo\t ^%ql]t pqZk molh^qZuepZ qlv: RŒk ^%ql[,ml] aYk /ulvk ἀmlc^p[pbf ἀh\je kK d[klvk uofpqf^kl[, pY osqZplvk q[ plῦ afaK- g^jb, kK jZk mbῖt q[mlq^ p᾿ %ql]t ml] bἶk^f /gs ἀm\ qZk hhiep[^. 5f^q[ %q\ ml] plῦ môâ[alvjb bἶk^f IvpqZofl h^[ qZoepb ^%q\ q\ IvpqZofl dfK hbῖklk ml] bἶk^f jfpr^mla\qet. H^[ k pY osqZpbf ^%q\t ml] bἶk^f hq\t qῆt hhie- p[^t WQ[ mbfoKwbf kK q\ jKrs h^[ dn q\ IvpqZofl ^%q\;X, phY`lv Mqf h^[ +

oospqlt weqKbf kK mfbῖ ho^p[= ἀiiK k qlῦ alrbῖ pY ἀh^qKiieil h^fo\ qlῦ hKkbfwejfK. H^[ aYk hKkbf wejfK j\kl pq\k oospql, ἀiiK pvhlc^kqbῖq^f h^[ + #^qo\t.Q\ 1afl rK pvj_bῖ h^[ jY hbῖklk ml] aYk mῆob ἀh\je qZk ἀm\c^pe kK d[kbf uofpqf^k\t: Œk ἀhl]pbf ἀm\ q\k mfpq\ q\ IvpqZofl h^[ + 1aflt ^%q\t rK _i^cqbῖ,df^q[ rKjvhqeo[wbq^f q\ *bo\ ^%q\ IvpqZofl, ἀiiK h^[ + mfpq\t rK h^q^hofrbῖ t mola\qetS .3

1. €oufj. scolk[lv, ‰ 5Yolkq^t filv^k\t p. 92 g.2. •kklbῖq^f _Y_^f^ Mqf ἦq^k p]kqlje ἀhlilvr[^ qῶk Ivpqeo[sk h^[ uf hqbq^jYke Mmst bἶk^f

pZjbo^.3. €mlanp^jb dbkfhK q\ k\ej^ qῆt mbofhlmῆt, ml] pq\ hb[jbk\ qet /ubf t gῆt R’qb ql[kvk h^-

qZuepft iYdeq^f, Kk pb h^qeul]jbklt gbqKp|, q[ b#oZh^pfk l* afaKphlkqbt, jeaYk iYdb q• /gs. Iv- pqZoflk dKo plf môâ[aljbk h^[ im[a^ jYiilkqlt #ῶklt. QZoeplk q\ jvpqZoflk q• jfpr^mla\q|. IZmlqY pl[ qft b1m|= Q[ _iKmq|, Kk hἀdn jKrs; H^[ l* klplῦkqbt q\k lἶklk weqlῦpfk= ἀii᾿ Kk ἀh^[ostalr, cobkῖqfk odKwbq^f= h^[ a]l h^hK d[kbq^f, h^[ + klpῶk ἀm\iivq^f, h^[ + #^qo\t af^_Kiibq^f= lPqsth^[ + h^qeul]jbklt, Kk ἀhl]p| môK mfpqlῦ, h^[ + h^qeul]jbklt cobkfqf (l%h lἶab dKo q[ 0hlvpb,h^[ iYdubf q\ moᾶdj^, h^[ hjvhqeo[wbf q\ ibd\jbklk), h^[ + mfpq\t t mola\qet h^q^ho[kbq^f. ŽaeaY p] k jbrlo[~ pqZhbft, _iYmb jlf jZ hiîZp|t= l%u Mqf l%h gf^ iîfᾶt qK ibd\jbk^, ἀii᾿ Mqf

ἀhlZ ἀk^g[^ qlῦ aYg^pr^f= ἧt mlqb h^[ p] h^qeul]jbklt, l% afedepKjek plf qK molhb[jbk^= Mq^k q mb[oz iK_|t q\ P`sj^ qῶk afa^phljYksk, q\qb k dknp|, Mqf ἀkKgflf l* h^qeul]jbklf qῆt ἀhlῆtS (M"G 33, 352. 353).

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H^[ pY jfK iie qlv mô\jlf^ +jfi[^ + ?dflt H]ofiilt iYbf mKif pql]t ml-obvljYklvt dfK q\ CKmqfpj^: Rᾶt môâ[as qZk 9[pqe pY i[dlvt pq[ulvt, dfK kK ql]t ἀmljkejlkb]pbqb h^[ 2uf kK ql]t h^q^doK`bqb h^[ c^kbosrbῖ 9[pqepql]t hq\t qῆt hhiep[^tS.4 H^[ qbibfnklkq^t qZk molh^qZuepZ qlv + ?dflt

ˆboKouet iYbf h^rôK p᾿ ^%ql]t ml] qZk hlvp^k, kK jZk qZk ἀk^hlfknklvk pYἀkronmlvt ml] aYk bἶk^f uofpqf^kl[.5 Q\pl mli] mo\pbub ἀou^[^ •hhiep[^ kKjZk d[klkq^f dkspqK qK IvpqZofK qet pql]t hq\t qῆt •hhiep[^t bofphljY- klvt.6

3. Yk bἶk^f ilfm\k, ἀabicl[ uofpqf^kl[, medZ qῆt [pqet j^t j\kl qK do^mqKhb[jbk^ qῆt …d[^t o^cῆt, ἀiiK h^[ molclofhZ ˆboZ ôKalpe qῆt •hhie-p[^t j^t. ‰ ?dflt C^p[ibflt + IYd^t /ubf jfK mli] o^[^ mbofhlmZ pqZk +jfi[^qlv mbo[ qlῦ …d[lv kb]j^qlt, Mmlv jfiKbf dfK mliiK ml] /ulvjb môîK_bfἀm\ qZk ˆboZ ôKalpe h^[ qK +mlῖ^ aYk ἀk^cYolkq^f pqZk …d[^ o^cZ: Q\ kKhKklvjb q\k q^vo\ j^t, q\ kK pqobc\j^pqb mo\t ἀk^qliKt, Mq^k hKklvjb qZkmolpbvuZ j^t, qK i\df^ ml] iYjb h^qK q\k H^r^df^pj\ qlῦ oqlv h^[ qlῦ lklvpqZk b[^ bfqlvod[^, b%ild[^ qlῦ Pa^qlt qῆt Hlivj_Zro^t, q\ kK _vr[wbq^f+ _^mqfw\jbklt qobῖt cloYt p᾿ %qZk h^[ q\p^ ii^ ἀh\je qK /ulvjb môîK_bfἀm\ qZk ˆboZ ôKalpe.7

4. Q\ hb[jbkl: Rk $i[dlft qlῖt pq[ulft q\ mᾶk a\dj^ qῆt m[pqbst mbofi^j_Kkljbk. ’mbo h [ m᾿ ^%qῆt qῆt iYgbst jkejlkbῦp f jᾶt _l]ilj f, h^[ mô᾿ ^vqlῖt jbqK mKpet pmlvaῆt ἀm^ddbῖi^f, l%hb#t uKoq^t ἀmldo^cljYklvt, ἀii᾿ k hôa[| q jkZj| pqeildo^clῦkq^t= cvi^qqljYklvt k q• jbibqk,jZ ml] qft h^qeul]jbklt m^hl]p| qῶk môâbaljYkskS (H^qZuepft 5 h. 12. M"G 33,521).

5. Q\ hb[jbkl: RQKt qῶk csqfwljYksk h^qeuZpbft q^]q^t, qlῖt jYk q• _^mq[pj^qf molpbouljYklft,h^[ qlῖt q\ ilvqo\k /ulvpfk 0ae mfpqlῖt, b#t ἀkKdkspfk môbu\jbklt, jZ a\t q\ p]klilk jZqb h^qeulv- jYklft, jZqb iilft qfp[ qlῖt jZ lὖpf Uofpqf^klῖt= m[ q• Hvo[~ i\dlk anpbft. H^[ Kk mlft ἀkq[do^clk,t m[ Hvo[lv q^ῦq^ mo\do^`lkS (QYilt qῆt olh^qeuZpbst. M"G 33,365).

6. Zjbo^ aYk mKoubf ^%qZ ^%pqeo\qeq^ t mo\t qZk jZ ἀmlhKivè qῶk *boῶk Ivpqeo[skpql]t jZ uofpqf^kl]t. Yk ἀhl]bq^f ho^vdZ mo[k ἀm\ qZk bfqlvod[^ qῶk mfpqῶk, Rl* h^qeul]jbklfmolYirbqbS , lqb molpYulvjb k jZ uofpqf^kl[ mô^hlilvrlῦk qZk b[^ bfqlvod[^ (pY jbofhYt Mjst•hhiep[bt mô^hîlῦkq^f l* jZ _^mqfpjYklf kK pq^rlῦk pq\k LKoreh^, ἀiiK h^[ ἀm\ hbῖ jmlolῦk^%ql[ kK mô^hlilvrlῦk qZk b[^ bfqlvod[^). >%qZ molpbhqfh\qet dfK qZk jZ dknpe qῶk Ivpqe-o[sk pql]t jZ uofpqf^kl]t, Mmst jᾶt qZk iYbf + ?dflt H]ofiilt, uKrehb pqK uo\kf^ j^t, ἀclῦ h^rYk^tjmlobῖ kK ἀk^dknpbf q[t ἀhlilvr[bt qῶk *boῶk Ivpqeo[sk h^[ l* H^qeuZpbft qlῦ 'd[lv Hvo[iilv ae-jlpfb]reh^k pY mliiYt diῶppbt h^[ ha\pbft. ôK q^ῦq^ Mjst h^[ pZjbo^ molpYulvjb kK jZ anplvjbRqK ?df^ qlῖt hvp[S h^[ kK jZ _Kilvjb ql]t Rjôdô[q^t /jmolprbk qῶk ul[oskS h^[ df᾿ ^%q\ aYk iYjb mliiK mbo[ qῶk Ivpqeo[sk qῆt m[pqbnt j^t pY ἀkronmlvt jZ uofpqf kl]t, ml] osqlῦk ἀm\ mb-ofYodbf^ h^[ uf ἀm\ kaf^cYolk h^[ m\rl kK d[klvk jYie qῆt •hhiep[^t j^t.

7. Q\ hb[jbkl Miet qῆt mbofhlmῆt: RQῶk k q hhiep[z mbcvi^djYksk aldjKqsk h^[ heovdjKqsk qK jYk h qῆt ddoKclv afa^phî[^t /uljbk, qK aY h qῆt qῶk ἀmlpq\isk môâ\pbst afâlrYkq^ jῖk k jvpqeo[~ môbabgKjbr^= ?mbo ἀjc\qbo^ qZk ^%qZk #pu]k /ubf mo\t qZk b%pY_bf^k. H^[ ql]qlft l%ab[t

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4. €iiK kῶ a[klvjb jbdKie pej^p[^ pqZk ˆboZ ôKalpe, t medZ qῆt [-pqet j^t, Mjst ^%q\ aYk pej^[kbf Mqf hKrb môKalpe ml] /oubq^f ἀm\ q\ m^-obir\k bἶk^f #p\hvoe jY qZk boZ ôKalpe. ŠmKoubf af^cloK jbq^g] qῆtRˆboῆtôKalpetS h^[ qῶk af^c\osk Rmôâ\pbskS. liiYt môâ\pbft, ml] jᾶt

ἦor^k ἀm\ q\ môbir\k, aYk ἀmlqbilῦk jYolt qῆt jfᾶt ἀierfkῆt ôKalpet, qῆtˆboῆt ôKalpet, ml] bἶk^f b[^ €mlhKivè.

5. QZk ἀmlhîvcrbῖp^ [pqe j^t, hq\t ἀm\ qZk …d[^ o^cZ, qZk _o[phlvjb ilfm\k h^[ pY iibt medYt qῆt ˆboῆt j^t ôâ\pbst. ᾶt ἀk^cYos dbkfhῶtjbofhYt:

(^)ql]t H^k\kbt qῶk …d[sk €mlpq\isk ,8 (_) pq[t ἀmlcKpbft qῶk N#hlvjb- kfhῶk h^[ Qlmfhῶk vk\ask,9 (d) pY mî^fK ibfqlvodfhK hb[jbk^, (a) pY mî^fK

ἀkqbobῖ, l%hlῦk Mpqft db h^qK jfho\k dlῦk rbpjῶk hhiepf^pqfhῶk mbmb[o^q^f. D# dKo mfubfoZp^fjbk qK do^c^ qῶk rῶk t jZ jbdKiek /ulkq^ qZk a]k^jfk mô^fqbῖpr^f, iKrlfjbk k b#t ^%qK qK h^[of^ wejflῦkqbt q\ D%^ddYiflk= jᾶiilk aY b#t 2klj^ `fi\k mboffpqῶkqbt q\ hZovdj^. Nἶlk (Bk^ qlῦ monqlv h^[ hlfklqKqlv moῶqlk jkeprῶ) q• q]m~ qlῦ pq^volῦ ql]t b#t q\ 2klj^ qlῦ Hvo[lv jῶk ‚eplῦ Uof- pqlῦ imfh\q^t h^q^pej^[kbpr f q[t + afK doKjj^qlt afaKg^t; Q\ mo\t ἀk^qliKt qbqoKcr^f h^qK qZk molpbvuZk mlῖlk a[a^gbk jᾶt doKjj^; QK qῆt mfhiZpbst Zj^q^ m[ q ἀkâb[gbf qlῦ oqlv qῆtD%uôfpq[^t h^[ qlῦ mlqeo[lv qῆt b%ild[^t q[t qῶk 'd[sk ddoKcst jῖk h^qîYilfmbk; N% dKo aZql]qlft ἀohl]jbr^ ὧk + €m\pqlilt 0 q\ D%^ddYiflk mbjkZpre, ἀiiK h^[ moliYdljbk h^[ mfiYdljbk @qbo^, t jbdKiek /ulkq^ mo\t q\ jvpqZoflk qZk #pu]k, h qῆt ἀdoKclv afa^phî[^t môî^_\kqbt.

D%ildlῦjbk aY q\ qb Paso qlῦ _^mq[pj^qlt, h^[ q\ /i^flk qῆt uo[pbst, h^[ molpYqf ^%q\k q\k _^mqf- w\jbklk. €m\ ml[sk ddoKcsk; N%h ἀm\ qῆt pfsmsjYket h^[ jvpqfhῆt môâ\pbst; Q[ aY; ^%qZk qlῦ i^[lv qZk uo[pfk q[t i\dlt dbdo^jjYklt a[a^gb= Q\ aY qo[t _^mq[wbpr^f q\k krosmlk m\rbk; Œii^ aY Mp^ mbo[ q\ _Kmqfpj^, ἀmlqKppbpr^f q• ^q^k h^[ qlῖt ἀddYilft ^%qlῦ, h ml[^t pq[ do^cῆt; N%hh qῆt ἀaejlpfb]qlv q^]qet h^[ ἀmlooZqlv afa^phî[^t, Ak k ἀmlivmo^djlkZq~ h^[ ἀmbofbodKpq~ pfd l* m^qYobt jῶk c]i^g^k, hîῶt hbῖkl abafa^djYklf, qῶk jvpqeo[sk q\ pbjk\k pfsm af^pnwb- pr^f; dKo l%aY mlmqb]bfk /gbpqf qlῖ ἀjvZqlft, ql]qsk mῶt k 0k b#h\t qZk afa^phî[^k hrof^j_b]bfk k doKjj^pfk;S (M"G 32,188.189).

8. R€mlpqlifhl[ H^k\kbtS RH^k\kbt qῶk 'd[sk €mlpq\iskS bἶk^f jfK pviildZ ἀm\ 85 hhie-pf^pqfhl]t H^k\kbt, ml] môâ\reh^k ἀm\ ql]t €mlpq\ilvt h^[ ql]t afâ\ulvt qlvt. •mfhvonreh^kἀm\ q\k _" H^k\k^ qῆt bkrYhqet N#hlvjbkfhῆt vk\alv (k Qol]ii~ 692) h^[ ἀm\ q\k ^" H^k\k^qῆt E" N#hlvjbkfhῆt vk\alv. ’ie pviildZ Mjst qῶk €mlpqlifhῶk H^k\ksk aYk /dfkb mo[k ἀm\q\k 4l ^#nk^. ‰ Molt R€mlpqlifhl[S aYk pej^[kbf ἀk^dh^[st Mqf Milf l* H^k\kbt pviildZ qlvt/dfkb ἀm\ ql]t 'd[lvt €mlpq\ilvt, ἀiiK Mqf mbofYulvk qZk môKalpe qῶk 'd[sk €mlpq\isk.

9. Q[t ἀmlcKpbft qῶk N#hlvjbkfhῶk h [ Qlmfhῶk vk\ask, Mmst h^[ H^k\kbt qῶk 'd[sk ^qYosk_o[phlvjb pq\ F>GNL. f^q[ dh^qîb[`^jb qZk ἀkKdkspe qlῦ eaî[lv; Q\ *bo\ ^%q\ _f_i[l,jY qK pu\if^ qlῦ 'd[lv LfhlaZjlv qlῦ 'dflob[qlv, /ubf Mie qZk m[pqe j^t, bἶk^f jfK o^[^ aldj^qfhZh^[ ibfqlvodfhZ H^qZuepe qῆt •hhiep[^t j^t. Œt _Kilvjb h^k\k^ pq\k ^vq\ j^t, molm^kq\t jbῖtl* hieofhl[, kK af^_Kwlvjb q\ eaKifl, ql%iKufpqlk qobῖt *bol]t H^k\kbt hKrb jYo^ jY q[t mlpejbf-

npbft qlῦ 'd[lv LfhlaZjlv. ‡ ἀkKdkspe ^%qZ rK jᾶt &cbiZpbf mli], rK jᾶt g^k^cYobf pqZk m^qbofhZdo^jjZ qῶk rblc\osk 'd[sk ^qYosk j^t, ἀm\ qZk +ml[^, t +jlildZplvjb jY q^mb[kspe, /ulvjbgbc]dbf h^[ h^qK qZk ἀqljfhZ j^t mkbvj^qfhZ mlob[^ h^[ h^qK qZk phepe qlῦ mlfj^kqfhlῦ j^t /odlv.

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Iôqvoli\df^ h^[ *boK vk^gKof^,10 (b) pY mî^fK hb[jbk^ qῆt *pqlo[^t qῆt•hhiep[^t j^t,11 (t) pqK /od^ qῶk ^qYosk h^[ fa^phKisk qῆt •hhiep[^tj^t12 h^[ qYilt (w) qZk ˆboZ ôKalpe qZk _o[phlvjb hvo[st pq\ mkbῦj^ qῆtwsῆt qῆt •hhiep[^t j^t.13

6. QYilt, dfK kK hib[plvjb q\ rYj^ j^t, iYdlvjb Mqf ˆboZ ôKalpe h^[ …d[^ o^cZ ἀiieil_lerlῦkq^f, df^q[ j[^ +jfibῖ dfK qZk ddvo\qeq^ qῆt iiet.QZk pspqZ ojekb[^ qῆt …d[^t o^cῆt qZk hKklvjb jY _Kpe qZk ˆboZ ôK-alpe, ἀiiK h^[ …d[^ o^cZ bἶk^f q\ jlkâfh\ hofqZofl dfK kK mlῦjb mlfK bἶk^f

10. K ἦq^k jbdKie j^t mkbvj^qfhZ _lZrbf^, k jmlol]p^jb V h^[ jmlolῦjb k rYilvjb V kK af^-_Kwlvjb ql]t _[lvt qῶk 'd[sk hKrb jYo^t. ᾿ ^%q\ afbvhli]kbf + p]kqljlt vk^gôfpqZt qlῦ 'd[lvLfhlaZjlv. ’mst ἀhl]p^jb, + j^hôfpq\t m^qZo Jfi\rblt Ebo_Khlt V mkbvj^qfh\ qYhkl qlῦ 'd[lvLbhqô[lv V /afkb ^%qZ qZk pvj_lviZ, kK af^_Kwlvk l* mfpql[ ql]t _[lvt qῶk 'd[sk hKrb jYo^t. V N*

_[lf qῶk 'd[sk bἶk^f q\ RceojlpjYkl D%^ddYiflS . olpsmfhK pvker[ws pY @k^ ἀafKclol uofpqf^k\, h^[ pY ibd\jbkl rbl, kK jZ pvkfpqῶ moῶq^ qZk ἀkKdkspe qῆt …d[^t o^cῆt, ἀiiK qῆt wsῆt qῶk'd[sk, qῶk *boῶk vk^gô[sk j^t. f^q[ q\ D%^ddYifl pY @k^k rbl rK c^kbῖ pKk jfK rbso[^ ἀkbcKo-jlpqe= wsZ Mjst qῶk 'd[sk bἶk^f q\ RceojlpjYkl D%^ddYiflS . o^dj^qfhK, q\ mo\_iej^ qῶkἀrYsk aYk bἶk^f + b\t, ml] mfm\i^f^ h^[ bhli^, rK /do^c^, jmlolῦk kK mlῦk Mqf q\k ἀoklῦkq^f. Q\mo\_iejK qlvt bἶk^f l* ?dflf, h^[ l* hbhlfjejYklf h^[ l* wskq^kl[ ?dflf.

vk^kqZreh^ jY @k^ mî^f\ h^redeqZ jlv (j^rej^qfh\), mol_iej^qfpjYkl moῶq^ cl_boK mbo[ qZkm[pqe, ἀiiK qno^ b%pb_Ypq^ql uofpqf^k\, jY pvkbfaeqZ mkbvj^qfhZ wsZ (molpbvuZ V gljli\depe V b[^ Hlfksk[^)= h^[ jY pvkb_l]ibvpb + h^redeqZt jlv ^%q\t, Mq^k ἀkqfjbqsm[ws ἀkronmlvt hilkf-

pjYklvt pqZk m[pqe kK ql]t a[ks kK af^_Kplvk _[lvt 'd[sk.11. ‚af^[qbo^ pq\ pubqfh\ _f_i[l qlῦ D%pb_[lv ^jc[ilv, •mfph\mlv H^fpôb[^t (_i. b#t M"G

q\j. 20), Mmlv _o[phlkq^f pvdhbkqosjYkbt mliiYt mî^fYt *bolqbibpq[bt h^[ a\dj^q^ h^[ Mmlv a[kbq^f+ h^k\k^t qῶk *boῶk _f_i[sk qῆt î^fᾶt h^[ qῆt H^fkῆt f^rZhet.

12. IbdKilt $od^pj\t m^qbofhῶk ha\pbsk mbo[ qK qbibvq^ῖ^ /qe pqZk m^qo[a^ j^t. IbdKieb%ild[^ qlῦ blῦ ^%q\. QK m^qbofhK Mjst hb[jbk^, Mmst ha[alkq^f, pY jlocZ pvddo^jjKqsk h^[ jYἀhof_Z qfjZ, bἶk^f ἀmolpmYi^pq^ pq\k i^\. oYmbf kK phbcqlῦjb kK _olῦjb qo\ml kK anplvjb ql]t'd[lvt ^qYobt, qZk wsZ qlvt h^[ qZk afa^phî[^ qlvt, t molpfq\ mkbvj^qfh\ ἀkKdkspj^ pq\k i^\.>%qZ rK bἶk^f hîZ qolcZ dfK q\k i^\ qlῦ blῦ= df^q[ bἶk^f /iibfè kK jZk ha[abq^f jfK pbfoK m^qb-ofhῶk ἀk^dkspjKqsk dfK q\k i^\. H^[ bἶk^f mli] bhlil kK rbo^mbvqbῖ /iibfè ^%qZ: LK ἀou[pbfjfK pbfoK qbvuῶk, jY jfK m^qbofhZ +jfi[^ h^q᾿ hildZ q\ hKrb qbῦult, pY 'miῆ pqosqZ jbqKco^pepqZk aejlqfhZ dinpp^ V q\ qlk[wlvjb %q\ V ἀm\alpe qῆt +jfi[^t pY heovhqfhZ jlocZ jY q\ hb[jbklpq\ m\af, aYk gYos jY mlf\k iil qo\ml. Œt ἀcZplvk jbofhYt klo[bt qK mboflafhK, jY qK +mlῖ^ rYilvk kK af^qvjm^k[plvk qZk aoKpe qlvt (!), h^[ t mfpqo^qb]plvk av\-qo[^ mo\psm^ qῆt klo[ t ml] gYolvkdoKjj^q^ h^[ kK ἀou[plvk qZk b%ildejYke ^%qZ molpmKrbf^ qῆt m^qbofhῆt qolcῆt dfK q\k i^\. ‡jfK klo[^ rK ha[abf +jfi[bt k\t m^qo\t, iie klo[lv iilv h^[ qo[qe iilv m^qo\t h^[ /qpf pYu^jeiZ qfjZ k\t jfholῦ qb]ulvt + i^\t qlῦ blῦ rK jbibqᾶ ql]t 'd[lvt ^qYobt. H^qK q\k qo\ml^%q\ b_^pj[^ ˆboK IlkZ qlῦ 9ô^hiZqlv („osm\t) molpcYobf asobKk pbfoK qbvuῶk m^qbofhῶk+jfifῶk. QZk b%uôfpqlῦjb h^[ t a[abq^f mil]pf^ b%ild[^ qlῦ ô^hiZqlv m᾿ ^%qZk.

13. ‡ wsZ j^t pKk uofpqf^kῶk moYmbf kK hcoKwbf qZk ôKalpe qῆt •hhiep[^t j^t. ‡ wsZj^t h^[ af^hlk[^ j^t pKk hieofhῶk moYmbf kK hcoKwbf qZk $or\alge ôKalpZ j^t. Œt molpYulvjbjZk hKklvjb qZk jbdKie 'jôq[^ h^[ ἀiilfnplvjb qZk *boZ ôKalpe.

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%rbkqfhZ ôKalpe h^[ dfK kK ἀmloo[ lvjb q[t iibt ἀkronmfkbt môâ\pbft,ml] aYk ἀkZhlvk p᾿ ^%qZk.

IY mliiYt b%uYt

‰ Ieqolmli[qet \oqvklt h^[ Ibdîlm\ibst ‚bobj[^t

ΣΕΙIΑ ΑΘΗΑ"$ ΠΑI%Λ%ΓΙΑΣ

Δ6=<#7 - 98, ΔB=; 5 F8B+8B 2010

ΘΕΑ: %Ι ΠΑΕIΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛ%Ι

ΗΣ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣ ΑΣ

ΑΘΗΑ 28

ΓΕ$ΙΚΗ ΕΙΣΑΓ"ΓΗ

(pvkYubf^ ἀm\ q\ moledl]jbkl)

1. q\ moledl]jbkl jKrejK j^t iYd^jb kK ἀhlilvrlῦjb ql] 'd[lvt ^qYobt,df^q[ afa^phî[^ qlvt bἶk^f rblild[^ qῆt •hhiep[^t j^t. dfkb ôK-alpZ qet. ]kerbt pqZk ἀou^[^ •hhiep[^ ἦq^k l* aldj^qfhl[ Molf kK ἀou[wlvkjY qZk coKpe Rm\jbklf qlῖt 'd[lft 9^qoKpfkS! IKifpq^ E" N#hlvjbkfhZ ]- klalt hcoKwbf qZk ἀm\c^pZ qet mbo[ qῶk 'd[sk b#h\ksk jY mbofpp\qbol kqv-

mspf^h\ qo\ml: Rm^hlilvrlῦkqbt q rbed\o~ afa^phî[z qῶk 'd[sk 9^qYosk jῶk h^[ q môâ\pbf qῆt H^rlifhῆt hhiep[^tS! ‡ •hhiep[^ j^t bἶk^fRἀmlpqlifhZS, Mmst q\ +jlildlῦjb pq\ Rfpqb]sS j^t, ἀiiK bἶk^f m[pet h^[Rm^qbofhZS. H^[ Mmst rK c^kbῖ ἀm\ q\ pejbofk\ jKrej^ •hhiep[^ bἶk^fl%pf^pqfhῶt R•hhiep[^ qῶk 'd[sk ^qYoskS. ’mst iYdbf + mli]t Jilo\cphvaYk bἶk^f avk^q\k kK afûsofprlῦk ^%ql[ l* a]l uô^hqeofpjl[. H^[ jKifpq^ iY-dlvjb Mqf, mbfaZ •hhiep[^ bἶk^f m^qbofhZ, df᾿ ^%q\ bἶk^f ἀmlpqlifhZ.

2. q\ pejbofk\ j^t ab]qbol jKrej^ rK jfiZplvjb ἀh\je mbofpp\qbol dfKq\ q[ bἶk^f l* ^qYobt h^[ faKphîlf qῆt •hhiep[^t j^t. Œt molpYglvjb q[tmô^hKqs phY`bft:

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‡ ἀiZrbf^ qlῦ blῦ mbofYubq^f pqZk …d[^ o^cZ, qZk î^fK h^[ qZk H^fkZf^rZhe. ‡ ἀiZrbf^ aY ^%qZ a\rehb pqZk ἀkrosm\qeq^ mollabvqfhK ἀkKild^jY q\ mkbvj^qfh\ m[mbal qῶk ἀkronmsk. oῶq^ a\rehb + L\jlt, ἀhl]pqeh^k/mbfq^ l* olceqbῖbt dfK qZk /ibvpe qlῦ Ibpp[^ h^[ jbqK pôhnrehb + T*\t

qlῦ blῦ, + ‰mlῖlt h^[ /aspb qZk qYibf^ ἀmlhKivè mbo[ blῦ.€iiK + ‚eplῦt Uofpq\t bἶmb Mqf rK /orbf jbqK ἀm\ >%q\k q\ dfl kbῦj^

h^[ rK molpcYobf Mie qZk ἀiZrbf^. ô^rYqlvjb a]l uso[^ hco^pqfhK qlῦ i\dlv^%qlῦ qlῦ Uofpqlῦ:

(^) RQ^ῦq^ ibiKieh^ jῖk mô᾿ jῖk jYksk= + aY 9ôKhieqlt, q\ 9kbῦj^ q\ ?dflk, M mYj`bf + 9^qZo k q• $k\j^q[ jlv, hbῖklt jᾶt afaKgbf mKkq^ h^[ mljkZpbf jᾶt mKkq^ ? bἶmlk jῖkS (‚sKk. 14,25-26).

(_) Rqf mliiK /us iYdbfk jῖk, ἀii᾿ l% a]k^prb _^pqKwbfk oqf= Mq^k aY /ir| hbῖklt, q\ 9kbῦj^ qῆt ἀierb[^t, +aedZpbf jᾶt b#t mᾶp^k qZk ἀiZrbf^kS (‚sKk. 16,12-13).

H^qK ql]t mô^mKks i\dlvt qlῦ Uofpqlῦ q\ dfl kbῦj^, Mq^k rK /orbf V h^[ ἦorb jY qZk bkqehlpqZ (oKg. 2,1 g.) V, rK jᾶt afaKgbf RmKkq^S h^[ rKjᾶt +aedZpbf b#t Rmᾶp^k qZk ἀiZrbf^kS .

3. lfK bἶk^f ^%qK qK RmKkq^S h^[ mlfK bἶk^f ^%qZ Rmᾶp^ ἀiZrbf^S , ml]molpYcbob q\ dfl kbῦj^; eiâZ + Uofpq\t aYk jᾶt c^kYospb Mie qZk ἀiZ-

rbf^ h^[ qZk pvjmiZospb q\ dfl kbῦj^ jY qZk ἀmlhKiv`Z Qlv h^qK qZkbkqehlpqZ; >%q\, Kk q\ mlῦjb, aYk bἶk^f h^r\ilv pspq\, df^q[ + pôhsrb[tT*\t qlῦ blῦ mo\pcbob qZk qYibf^ dknpe mbo[ qlῦ blῦ, mo\pcbob qZk qYibf^ἀmlhKivè, jbqK ἀm\ qZk +ml[^ aYk jmlobῖ kK mKogbf iie. ’mst q\ iYbf h^-rôK + ἀm\pqlilt ^ῦilt pqZk ἀouZ qῆt mo\t †_o^[lvt •mfpqliῆt qlv, ἀmlhKivè qlῦ blῦ, ml] a\rehb mollabvqfhK pqZk ἀkrosm\qeq^, qbib[spb jYq\k ‚eplῦ Uofpq\:

R9livjboῶt h^[ mlivqo\mst mKi^f + 7b\t iîZp^t qlῖt m^qoKpfk k qlῖtmolcZq^ft, m᾿ puKqlv qῶk jboῶk ql]qsk iKiepbk jῖk k T*•S (†_o. 1,1).lfK bἶk^f ilfm\k, g^kîYdlvjb, Rmᾶp^ ἀiZrbf^S ml] mo\pcbob q\ dfl

kbῦj^; q\ pejbofk\ j^t jKrej^, +jfilῦkqbt h^[ mKif dfK q\ q[ bἶk^f ^qYobt,rK mlῦjb Mqf ^%qZ Rmᾶp^ ἀiZrbf^S, pqZk +ml[^ jᾶt +aZdepb q\ dfl kbῦj^,bἶk^f afa^phî[^ qῶk 'd[sk ^qYosk h^[ fa^phKisk qῆt •hhiep[^t, qZk+ml[^ ^%ql[, /ulkqbt k ^vqlῖt q\ dflk kbῦj^, molpcYolvk pqZk •hhiep[^pY hKrb dbkbK. H^[ iYdlvjb RpY hKrb dbkbKS, df^q[ q\ dfl kbῦj , ml] ἀk^-

abfhk]bf ql]t ^qYobt, bἶk^f mKkqlqb pqZk •hhiep[^ h^[ hKrb mluZ ilfm\k •hhiep[^ /ubf ^qYobt. >%ql[ bἶk^f l* ?dflf ^qYobt h^[ ^%qZ bἶk^f jbdKie

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qlvt molpcloK pqZk •hhiep[^, q\ Mqf afK qlῦ …d[lv kb]j^qlt molpYcbo^kqZk Rmᾶp^k ἀiZrbf^kS. K q\ gedZplvjb ^%q\ mbofpp\qbol pqZk pvkYubf^.

4. ‡ qYibf^ ἀiZrbf^ ml] molpYcbob + ‚eplῦt Uofpq\t jY qZk afa^phî[^ Qlv, rb[^ Qlv ^%qZ ἀmlhKivè, /ubf mli] hbhovjjYkl h^[ ἀkbgKkqieql _Krlt, pq\

+mlῖl + rosmlt jY j\kbt q[t af^kleqfhYt qlv avkKjbft aYk jmlobῖ kK b#pYirbfh^[ kK h^q^klZpbf. >%q\ Mjst q\ mbqvu^[klvk l* ?dflf ^qYobt, jY q\k csqfpj\qlῦ …d[lv kb]j^qlt. ‡ molpcloK qῶk 'd[sk ^qYosk aYk bἶk^f hKmlf^ kY^ἀmlhKivè pqZk •hhiep[^, ἀiiK af^pKcfpe qῆt ae alrb[pet m\ qlῦ ‚eplῦUofpqlῦ ἀmlhî]`bst, bἶk^f j[^ b#punoepe pq\ _Krlt qet h^[ c^kYospe hK-mlfsk hbhovjjYksk klejKqsk qet.

>%q\ l* ?dflf ^qYobt q\ /h^k^k jY qZk b%h^fo[^ hKmlf^t ho[pbst pqZk•hhiep[^ jY qZk jcKkfpe hKmlf^t h^hlalg[^t hKmlf^t ^*oYpbst. H^[ jYqZk b%h^fo[^ ilfm\k %qZ l* ^qYobt kb_Krvk^k pql]t i\dlvt qlῦ Uofpqlῦ, ql]tpubqfwljYklvt jY qZk ho[pe %qZ, h^[ i\dlv qlῦ rb[lv csqfpjlῦ qlvt ojZkbvp^khîῶt, $orῶt, ql]t rb[lvt i\dlvt h^[ ql]t ἀkYmqvg^k jY rblmkb]pqlvt +jfi[btqlvt h^[ af^qvmnpbft qlvt.

H^qK qZk ἀkKmqvge h^[ af^q]mspe qlῦ i\dlv qῆt o^cῆt l* ?dflf ^qYobtuoepfjlmlflῦk afhYt qlvt hcoKpbft, jZ ἀm^kqῶpbt pqZk o^cZ, ἀiiK hcoKpbftml] bἶk^f p]jcskbt jY q\ mkbῦj^ qῆt o^cῆt, R+j\ildbtS mo\t ^%qZk. ‡

/hco^pe R+jll]pfltS , dfK môKabfdj^, ml] aeinkbf qZk puYpe qlῦ T*lῦ mo\tq\k ^qYo^, aYk ἀk^cYobq^f pqZk o^cZ. Œk ἀk^cbo\q^k aYk rK qô^pp\q^k •hhiep[^ jY cl_boZ ho[pe a]l ^#ῶkbt. f^q[ pq\k C" h^[ " ^#nk^ afKuvqe ἦq^k ἀkq[ieè qῆt mlq^dῆt qlῦ T*lῦ pq\k ^qYo^ (q\ mbo[cejl =?<+-

>). ‡ •hhiep[^ Mjst afK qῶk ^qYosk qet gbmYo^pb qZk ho[pe ^%qZ, ml] ἦq^k rYj^ wsῆt r^kKqlv, psqeo[^t aeiâZ ἀmsib[^t dfK ql]t mfpql]t, h [af^q]mspb q\ R+jll]pflS qlῦ T*lῦ mo\t q\k ^qYo^. >%q\, af^pKcfpe aeiâZqῆt ἀierb[^t h^[ ./hco^pZ qet, h^qK q\k ?dfl oed\ofl q\k rbli\dl hîbῖq^fR/ii^jèS (M"G 36,172 AB), df^q[ bἶk^f ἀmlqYibpj^ qlῦ csqfpjlῦ qlῦ …d[lvkb]j^qlt. Ž, h^qK q\k ?dfl €r^kKpfl %q\ hîbῖq^f RἀmlhKivèS , ml] a[kbf+ b\t pY +ofpjYk^ mo\psm^ i\ds qῆt h^rô\qeq\t qlvt h^[ qῆt rblild[^tqlvt. ᾿ ^%q\ h^[ molqoYmbf + ?dflt kK molpcb]dlvjb pqK mo\psm^ ^%qK, df^q[/ulvk mbofpp\qbol ἀm᾿ Mqf l* iilf qZk ἀmlhKivè qῆt ἀiZrbf^t (bo[ vk\ask30,3). >%q\t aY ml] h^qYubf ^%q\ q\ RmiYlkS qῆt ἀierb[^t bἶk^f, mKif h^qKq\k ?dfl oed\ofl q\k rbli\dl, + RofpqltS rbli\dlt (_i. \dlt 17, M"G

36,125 C).5. fr^k\k Mjst ^%q\t + ofpqlt rbli\dlt m^qZo kK af^qvmnpbf h^[ pcKij^

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1. ‡ rYpe ^%qZ hcoKwbq^f ἀm\ q\k *bo\ Jnqfl, pqZk D" qlv mfpqliZ, qZk mo\t q\k €hviey^t‚sKkkek f", b#t ˆ. CîYqq^, Jsq[lv •mfpqli^[, lkaῖkl 1864, pbi. 196.

2. Ci. qvif^klῦ ^mâlml]ilv, ^qolild[^ >", pbi. 27-48.

pY hKmlfl pY hKmlf^ rYj^q^. fK môKabfdj^, + ?dflt D#oek^ῖlt afbq]mspbufif^pqfhYt #aYbt, + IYd^t €r^kKpflt q^]qfpb qZk l%p[^ h^[ qZk m\pq^pe pq\kb\ h^[ + ?dflt oed\oflt L]ppet j[iepb dfK ἀmlh^qKpq^pe qῶk mKkqsk. oY-mbf Mjst kK mlῦjb Mqf q\ pcKij^ qlῦ qKab m^qo\t aYk bἶk^f pcKij^ pY rYj^

ho[pbst hKmlf^t mluῆt, Mmst bm^jb mô^mKks, pY hKmlfl l%pfῶabt dfK qZkpsqeo[^ rYj^, dfK q\ +mlῖl qlῦ weqZrehb ἀm\ qZk •hhiep[^ kK h^q^rYpbf q\krblildfh\ qlv i\dl. Œk mo\hbfql mbo[ ^%qῶk, q\qb q\ <>dfl kbῦj^ rK cnqfwbq\k ^qYo^ h^[ faKphîl qῆt •hhiep[^t kK hcoKpbf $orK h^[ uf pcîjYk^qZk ἀiZrbf^ 1

oYmbf Mjst kK mlῦjb Mqf •hhiep[^ mô^jYofpb q\ pcKij^ qlῦ ^qo\tml] q\ afbq]mspb, uso[t Mjst kK mbofcolkZpbf h^[ kK ἀmloo[`bf q\k afl q\k ^-qYo^. ‹t môKabfdj^ df᾿ ^%q\ t iK_lvjb qZk pqKpe qῶk H^mmâlhῶk ^qY-osk, l* +mlῖlf, kῶ aYk aYureh^k qZk q^vq\qeq^ l%p[^t h^[ mlpqKpbst pq\kb\, ml] aYubql + IYd^t €r^kKpflt, Mjst qfjlῦp^k q\k *bo\ ^%q\k ^qYo^dfK qZk Mie qlv molpcloK t q\k jbdî]qbol faKphî\ qlvt h^[ q\k rbsolῦp^k?dfl h^[ rb\mkbvpql kao^.2

6. •m^kî^j_Kklkq^t qK moledl]jbk^ qlῦ pejbofklῦ j^rZj^qlt iYdlvjb Mqf jbdKie molpcloK qῶk ^qYosk h^[ fa^phKisk qῆt •hhiep[^t j^t bἶk^fq\ Mqf jY q\k csqfpj\ qlῦ …d[lv kb]j^qlt ml] bἶu^k, i\ds qῆt h^rô\qeq\t

qlvt, kb_Krvk^k pqK hbhovjjYk^ qῆt …d[^t o^cῆt klZj^q^ h^[ afbpKcfp^kqZk alrbῖp^ ἀmlhKivè. IY qZk molpcloK qlvt ^%qZ /afk^k i]pe pY hKmlfl h^[-ofl mo\_iej^ qῆt mluῆt qlvt h^[ %q\ ἀhof_ῶt ql]t ἀkYabfgb ^qYobt h^[ f-a^phKilvt. fr^k\k @k^t ^qZo kK af^qvmnpbf h^[ hKmlf^ pcîjYke ἀkq[ieè, •hhiep[^ Mjst aYk q\k ἀmloo[mqbf df᾿ %q\, df^q[ _iYmbf qZk Mie qlv rblild[^h^[ df^q[ + ^qZo ^%q\t /aspb h^[ a[kbf i]pbft pY h^[of^ mol_iZj^q^ qῆtmluῆt, moᾶdj^ ml] q\k ἀmlabfhk]bf csqfpjYkl jY qZk UKoe qlῦ …d[lv kb]-j^qlt ^qYo^.

‡ afa^phî[^ qῶk ^qYosk /dfkb ôKalpe qῆt •hhiep[^t j^t h^[ hcoK-wbf qZk rblild[^ qet. qZk pvkb[aepe qῆt •hhiep[^t l* ?dflf ^qYobt h^[ f-aKphîlf bἶk^f pvkYubf^ h^[ molYhq^pe qῶk €mlpq\isk.

(vkbu[wbq^f)

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AIΑΙ%Λ%ΓΙΑ ΗΣ ΠΑΛΑΙΑΣ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗΣ

Π;8C<=8;4* 0<898=.6+.

N* mli] ἀou^ῖbt uolklild[bt dfK qZk môlvp[^ qlῦ ἀou^[lvἀkronmlv pqZk Ibplmlq^j[^ aYk /ulvk ἀh\je pq^rbolmlf- erbῖ, ἀiiK g^hlilvrlῦk kK bἶk^f obvpqYt.1 ‡ ἀkKmqvge ἀm\

q\k 'mi\ qo\ml wsῆt qῆt î^flifrfhῆt mluῆt pq\k mf\ mli]milhl aYk /dfkb #ckf-a[st pY Milvt ql]t qljbῖt, Mmst mfpqbv\q^k mî^f\qbo^. >%qZ mî^fK ἀkq[ieèdfK qZk ἀkKmqvge qlῦ ἀkronmfklv mlifqfpjlῦ uô^hqeo[wbq^f t jlkldo^jjfhZ ἀkK-mqvge (?88/+< ). €iiK l* #/<> h^[ L8+ B<+, l* +mlῖlf /ulvk pmlvaKpbfq[t molxpqlofhYt mbof\alvt pqZk •dd]t €k^qliZ dfK abh^bq[bt, k\ep^k ^%qZk qZkgYifge t mlivdo^jjfhZ (7?>8/+< ), ml] pej^[kbf Mqf afKclolf _^rjl[ mol\alvpvkvmῆou^k pY af^clobqfhK jYoe. ‰ #/<> B<+2 mfpqb]bf Mqf + qo\mlt jY q\k+mlῖl jbῖt pZjbo^ kllῦjb qZk gYifge qlῦ ἀkronmlv rK jmlolῦpb kK pvphlq[pbf qZkmo^dj^qfhZ b#h\k^. H^q᾿ ^%q\k pqZk ἀou^flild[^ bj^pqb ἀh\je aYpjflf qῆt phY-`bst qlῦ Ppqbolv 19lv ^#. pq[t q^gfkljZpbft, qK af^doKjj^q^ h^[ ql]t kbl-iiekf-

pjl]t, Mmst Rjbplifrfh\tS h^[ Rkblifrfh\tS, pq[t +olild[bt qῶk mbof\ask h.im.>%ql[ l* Molf a[alvk qZk b#h\k^ jfᾶt doZdloet h^[ m^kqlῦ afbfpa]lvp^t ἀii^dῆt ἀm\q\ @k^ m[mbal ἀk^mq]gbst qlῦ ἀkronmlv pq\ iil. ‡ jôqvo[^ qlῦ môbir\kqltMjst jᾶt afaKphbf af^clobqfhK: >%qK qK af^clobqfhK m[mba^ mlivmilh\qeq^t pq\kἀkronmfkl mlifqfpj\ V + h^q^vifpj\t qῶk hvkedῶk (ἀou^f\qbol pqKafl), q\ usof\, m\ie V klmlflῦkq^f q\ @k^ jY q\ iil h^rnt ἀk^mq]pplkq^f. Q\ hvkῆdf pqZkmo^dj^qfh\qeq^ dfk\q^k mKkq^, pY Mibt q[t uolkfhYt mbof\alvt, kῶ aYk ἦq^k mKkqlqb

af^clobqfhYt l* ao^pqeof\qeqbt dfK qZk moljZrbf^ qῆt qolcῆt pY @k^ usof\ ἀm\ q[t

1. 5fK môKabfdj^, uolklild[^ dfK q\k ἀou^ῖl h^q^vifpj\ pqZk B+<+ B++ pqZk _\obf^ Ibplmlq^j[^/ubf h^qY_e h^qK h^qlkqKabt ufifKabt /qe ἀm\ M,qf mfpqbv\q^k pqZk ἀouZ (p]dhofkb q\k m[k^h^ 1 pq\#? G., A)c%!)/ I-a,, 1=> E>8, / )<: "/8?8, 1964, pbi. 445 jY q\ ἀkq[pqlfu\ qlv pq\ ἀk^rbs-oejYkl #? G., A)c%!)/ I-a,, 3< E>8, / )<: "/8?8 1992, pbi. 500). •m[pet kK molprYplvjbaῶ Mqf afKclobt jYrlalf uolklildZpbst, Mmst jYrlalt jY q\k oâfbkbod\ kro^h^ 12, jY qZk +ml[^ d[klkq^fl* pej^kqfh\qbobt jbqoZpbft dfK qZk molxpqlofhZ mluZ, ἀjcfp_eqlῦkq^f pZjbo^ mKo^ mli] pq\k uῶol qῆtmfpqZjet.

2. FC8?8 A</==, ". 224-246 b#t C%/3 I)1%c%b'!: A S3(+*.%0( *) U-ba)%4a/%*) a) C0'/0-a'

D!1!'*+(!)/ %) /$! A)c%!)/ N!a- Ea./ , E>/ C+< H. K<+/8 +8 #/<> M. A+7=, C+: &8-

@/<=> C+ "</==, 1960, pbi. 242.

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11

ao^pqeof\qeqbt pY j[^ m\ie. IKifpq^, qZk af^ pqfdjZ ml] + mlifqfpj\t qῶk ἀou^[sk i^ῶk gbifpp\q^k, mῆou^k mKkqlqb h^[ ^%qYt l* hlkqfkYt 0 j^hovkYt cviYt ml]wlῦp^k jY @k^k mbofpp\qbol mosq\dlkl qo\ml.

Π.5.85>4* ἐ98A*3

‡ mluZ qlῦ [rlv mlaf^fobῖq^f pY qobῖt mbof\alvt: QZk î^flifrfhZ, qZkIbplifrfhZ h^[ qZk LblifrfhZ. qZk î^flifrfhZ mluZ l* krosmlf mbofb-mi^kῶkql pY qboKpqfbt hqKpbft, wῶkqbt pq\ Pm^frol h^qK q\ rYolt h^[ pY pmZ- i^f^ h^[ ii^ cvpfhK h^q^c]df^ h^qK q\k ubfjnk^. ‰ krosmlt ἀk^weqlῦpbqZk qolcZ qlv (pviildZ hômῶk, hvkZdf), uoepfjlmlflῦpb i[rfk^ odîbῖ^ h^[ gbob kK /ubf m\ q\k /ibdu\ qlv qZk csqfK. ‡ wsZ qlv uô^hqeofw\q^k ἀm\j[^ hfkeqfh\qeq^, qZk +ml[^ mY_îib p᾿ ^%q\k ἀk^wZqepe qῆt qolcῆt h^[ l*mluf^hYt ἀii^dYt.

IYuof q\ 1949 ἀou^flildfhZ od^p[^ bἶub mfhbkqosrbῖ pqZk Ibplmlq^-jf^hZ mbafKa^, Mmlv qK molxpqlofhK ib[`^k^ V Kk mῆog^k mlqY V rK ἦq^kjYuof qno^ r^jjYk^ hKqs ἀm\ @k^ mli] mû] pqoῶj^ iKpmet. QK h^qnqbo^m[mba^ mliiῶk qYii /asp^k ἀohbq\ ifh\ pql]t *pqlofhl]t dfK kK l#hlaljZplvk

qZk pbfoK mYkqb mosqlxpqlofhῶk mlifqfpjῶk, l* +mlῖlf mol^kZddbfi^k qZk jcK- kfpe qlῦ lvjbol-€hhâfhlῦ mlifqfpjlῦ mbo[ q\ 3000 m.U., ἀiiK Milf ^%ql[ l*mlifqfpjl[ ἀkῆh^k pqZk “pqboe LblifrfhZ mbo[lal h^[ pq[t UîhlifrfhYt mb-of\alvt h^[ hKivmq^k h^qK q\ mibῖpqlk 2.000 uo\kf^ mbo[mlv. ‡ hvo[st ol-xpqlo[^, •mluZ qlῦ [rlv pq\ ‚oKh, pqZk mbofluZ aeiâZ qῆt Ibplmlq^j[^t, ἦq^k mo^hqfhῶt dkspqe. Cb_^[st, bἶu^k bobrbῖ jbofhK mbgbod^pjYk^ mYqofk^ἀkqfhb[jbk^ pqZk mfcKkbf^ qlῦ aKclvt pY mliiK qjZj^q^ qῆt vol-Ibplml-q^jf^hῆt oZjlv4 h^[ h^qK q\ 1928 H^redZqof^ D. A. E. G+<<, dkspqZἀou^fli\dlt dfK q[t jbiYqbt qet pqZk olxpqlofhZ î^fpq[ke, mfphYcqehbq\ HlvoafpqKk h^[ _oῆhb mî^flifrfhK qbuklvodZj^q^ pY a]l pmZi^f^ hlkqKpq\ $?++= ἀiiK ^%qYt l* ἀk^hî]`bft aYk molpb[ihvp^k q\ kaf^cYolkmôK j\kl pY @k^ jfho\ h]hil b#afhῶk. Dhlpf uo\kf^ ἀod\qbo^ + H^redeqZt #.

J. B<+ aejlp[bvpb qZk LblifrfhZ qlmlrbp[^ qlῦ J+< h^[ molhKibpb q\kaf^cYolk dfK mbo^fqYos /obvk^ pY %q\k q\k m[ j^ho\k mô^jbiejYkl qljY^.5

3. Ci. #? G., A)c%!)/ Ia, 3< E>: "? =, pbi. 33 gῆt.4. . F, A)c%!)/ a) M*!) Ma) %) S*0/$2!/!) A%a, C<+ G+=, C+., 1956.

5. #. J. B<+ + B. H, P!$%/*%c I)1!/%#a/%*) %) Ia% K0%/a), C+, 1960. %.

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12

€m\ q\qb l* €jbofh^kfhYt ἀk^ph^cYt pq[t mbofluYt B+<+-B++, "++<+

K+<-$< (1951), /obvk^ qῆt ibhKket qlῦ EK_ ἀm\ q\ !<>+ I=>>?>

> &@<=> C+ (1954-1955) h^[ l* kYbt ἀk^hî]`bft ἀm\ q\k D< #.

$ pq\ pmZi^fl $++< 6 ἀm\ q\ 1951 /ulvk pvkbfpcYobf pej^kqfhK pqZk

dknpe j^t dfK q\ ἀou^f\qbol môbir\k qlῦ ‚oKh h^[ /ulvk hî]`bf @k^ mli]pej^kqfh\ hbk\ pqZk molxpqlo[^ qῆt •dd]t €k^qliῆt.

5bsildfhYt pvkrῆhbt qῆt 9î^flifrfhῆt

qZk ἀouZ qῆt ibfpqlh^[klv /dfk^k l* qbibvq^ῖbt h^[ ἀprbkYpqbobt dbsil-dfhYt ἀk^qôûYt qῆt moledlvjYket mbof\alv, qῆt ibflh^[klv, +ml[^ pq\kuῶol qῆt •dd]t €k^qliῆt +aZdepb pqZk af^j\ocspe qῶk $olpbfoῶk qlῦ Q^]olvh^[ qlῦ EKdholv, ml] bἶk^f qjῆj^ qlῦ pvpqZj^qlt Œimbsk-‚jî^ysk, pqZkaf^j\ocspe qlῦ _^rYlt uKpj^qlt qῆt HlfiKalt qlῦ Zdj^qlt, ml] knkbf qZkLbhoK rKi^pp^ h^[ qZk •ovroK rKi^pp^ jY q[t jbdKibt €k^qlifhYt €cofh^- kfhYt i[jkbt, h^[ pqZk aejflvod[^ qῆt Ibplmlq^jf^hῆt mbafKalt h^[ qlῦ €o^_l-bopfhlῦ h\imlv. N* qbhqlkfhYt ^%qYt hfkZpbft pvklab]qeh^k ἀm\ pej^kqfhZ c^fpqbf^hZ ao^pqeof\qeq^.

bo[mlv 1.000.000 uo\kf^ mo[k, mfcKkbf^ qῆt dῆt, +ml[^ jYuof q\qb bἶub

crKpbf pqZk môl]p^ qet af^j\ocspe, /cr^pb pY j[^ mbo[lal pubqfhῆt ἀk^m^]-pbst. ‡ h]of^ ao^pqeof\qeq^ ἀm\ q\qb bἶk^f afK_ospe qlῦ ἀk^di]clv. >%qZhvo[st afbvhli]krehb ἀm\ qZk mYhq^pe h^[ qZk ἀkKhifpe qbppKosk afâlufhῶkpqosjKqsk mKdlv m[ qῶk _lob[sk qjejKqsk qῆt D%onmet h^[ qῆt €jbofhῆth^qK q[t ^dbqnkbfbt ibd\jbkbt mbo[lalvt. €kqfpql[ust pq[t qolmfhYt h^[ ml-qolmfhYt mbofluYt h^[ pq[t mbofluYt qlῦ ‚pejbofklῦ, ἀkq[ m^dbqnksk, bu^jbkîi^dYt mbof\ask _ôYsk _olulmqnpbsk h^[ mbof\ask pubqfhῆt geo\qeqlt.

ôK q\ Mqf mKoubf hKmlf^ jôqvo[^ dfK Pmôge mboflafhῶk m^dbqnksk pqKoe qlῦ Q^]olv h^[ qlῦ EKdholv, qK jbdKi^ pqonj^q^ qῶk mKdsk aYk /cr^p^kmlqY jYuof qZk •dd]t €k^qliZ. ‡ mbofluZ qῆt Ibplmlq^j[^t ἦq^k ἀkKjbp^pq[t mbofluYt ml] bἶu^k Amfbt m^dbqnkbfbt h^[ Amfbt _o\ufkbt pvkrῆhbt h^[ l*hifj^qfhYt ἀii^dYt ml] pvkY_ep^k pqZk uno^ ^%qZ h^qK qZk ibfpq\h^fkl mb-o[lal aYk ἦq^k mlqY q\pl ao^j^qfhYt Mpl pY ii^ jYoe qlῦ h\pjlv, k h^[ me-oY^p^k pqZk af^j\ocspe qῶk uô^hqeofpqfhῶk qet.

C. ?, ".E.L. $> + ". M<>= (.), T$! H%''3 F'a)& a) B!3*) , C+, 1984.

6. #. $, S$a)%a, /$! H0(a)%/3 *" N!a)!/$a' Ma), L, 1971.

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13

9î^flifrfhYt qlmlrbp[bt pqZk Ibplmlq^j[^

QK mf\ ἀou^ῖ^ uke qῆt ἀkronmfket môlvp[^t pqZk mbofluZ qlῦ ‚oKh, uolklildl]jbk^ ἀm\ qZk ἀou^f\qboe mbo[lal qῆt î^flifrfhῆt mbof\alv, /ulvk

bobrbῖ pqZk Œks hlfiKa^ qlῦ Q[doe, _lob[st qῆt Ilpl]iet7

h^[ pqZk qlmlrbp[ Baa-Ba'&a hlkqK pq\ C+, ἀkKjbp^ pq\ K<? h^[ pq\ $?+-

+, ml] ἀk^hî]crehb q\ 1949 ἀm\ ‚o^hfkl]t ἀou^fli\dlvt,8 ‘k^ mbo^fqYos_ῆj^ pqZk IYpe î^flifrfhZ môlvpfKwbq^f ἀm\ qK boZj^q^ ml] ἀk^hî]-creh^k q\ 1928 ἀm\ qZk D<> G+<< pq\ h^qnqbol m[mbal qlῦ Rhlqbfklῦmei^[lvS (D+< C+@) qlῦ Ha4a M! , mbo[mlv 19 uij. k\qf^ qlῦ $?-

++.9 li] pej^kqfhK bἶk^f h^[ qK boZj^q^ qlῦ pmei^[lv S$a)%a , ml]ἀkbphKce jbq^g] qῶk qῶk 1951 h^[ 1960 ἀm\ q\k D<. #. $ qlῦ ^kb-mfpqej[lv qlῦ M+,10 Mmst h [ qK boZj^q^ pq\ pmZi^fl Za4%, hlkqK pq\$?++, qK +mlῖ^ boYrep^k ἀm\ qZk G+<<11 h^[ pq\ pmZi^fl Pa'!#a2a,32 uij. pqK ἀk^qlifhK qlῦ C+, q\ +mlῖl ἀkbphKce ἀm\ q\k B. H.12

N* mî^flifrfhl[ krosmlf qlῦ ‚oKh aYk ἦq^k ἀmljlksjYklf. >%ql[ afK qῆtvof^hῆt oZjlv V Mmlv qK qbuklvodZj^q^ qῆt [rfket mluῆt /ulvk _obrbῖ pYmliiK jYoe V /oulkq^k pY m^cZ jY ql]t mî^flifrfhl]t ἀkronmlvt qῆt v-o[^t-î^fpq[ket h^[ aYk bἶk^f qvu^ῖl Mqf l* _flqbuk[bt mvo\ifrlv qῶk a]l usoῶk

/ulvk hKmlf^ hlfkK uô^hqeofpqfhK. >%ql[ m[pet bἶu^k jmlofhZ mfhlfksk[^jY q\ $olmYafl qῆt €k^qli[^t h^[ qZk $obfkZ mbofluZ qlῦ ‚oKk. €m\ h^q^vifpj\pY h^q^vifpj\ l* qbukfhYt dfK qZk mbgbod^p[^ qlῦ i[rlv bἶu^k crKpbf jYuof qZkD%onme.

7. •hbῖ _oYreh^k jfhoK mYqofk^ odîbῖ^ ἀm\ ἀp_bpq\ifrl, mvo\ifrl uî^w[qe. O* ἀk^ph^cYt/dfk^k ἀm\ j[ +jKa^ pl_fbqfhῶk ἀm\ q\ 1969. fK j[ p]klè qῶk ἀmlqbibpjKqsk _i. .. M<<>

+ #. M. M?+@, E+< +<?>?<+ =>>>= > $+< +, <>< I<+, Ia, '

(1973), . 93-113; % +<=> @= +> +< % I + +< % II <>< I<+, Ia,

L'I (1987), . 1-36.

8. qZk qlmlrbp[^ %qZ _oYreh^k ubfolmbiYhbft ἀm\ mvo\ifrl jY puῆj^ hôafᾶt ἀjvdaKilv, h^-q^phbv^pjYk^ ἀm\ rovjj^qfpjYklvt i[rlvt. Šmῆou^k m[pet R_lqpîlbfaῆ odîbῖ^S ( >=)ἀm\ ἀp_bpq\ifrl.

9. D. A. E. G+<<, % "++> $?>< K?<=>+: E+@+>= > C+@= *+<

+ H++< M<, B0''!/%) N* 6, A(!. Sc$**' *" P!$%/. R!!ac$, H+@ (1930).

10. "<+< <<>= $?<, 'III (1952) > 'II (1961). Ci. m[pet #. $, "<=><

$++< @+, <>< I<+, Sc%!)c!, CI (1963), . 179-193.

11. Ci. mlpej. 9.

12. #. J. B<+, F< C+@ > '+ "<=>< I<+, BASOR, 124 (1951), . 12-18.

#. J. B<+ + B. H, P!$%/*%c I)1!/%#a/%*) %) Ia% K0%/a), C+, 1960, . 28-

29. 57-59. 155-156.

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14

<83>3* Π;+8/8@

qZk jbq^_^qfhZ mbo[lal jbq^g] qῆt î^flifrfhῆt h^[ qῆt Lblifrfhῆtmluῆt /ubf alrbῖ q\ klj^ RIbplifrfhZS ( R•mfmî^flifrfhZS) mluZ.

‡ mluZ ^%qZ pq[t i[rfkbt h^q^phbvYt uô^hqeo[wbq^f ἀm\ mli] jfhoK h^[mlfh[i^ odîbῖ^ ἀm\ mvo\ifrl h^[ înae iK_^ (jfho\ifrlf) h^[ ἀm\ j[^ qKpemo\t j[^ mf\ j\kfje dh^qKpq^pe, jY Mibt q[t hlfkskfhYt h^[ l#hlkljfhYt pvkY-mbfbt ml] %qZ bἶub, h^[ hvo[st uô^hqeo[wbq^f ἀm\ qZk ἀkKdhe dfK ἀmlrZhbvpeqῆt qolcῆt h^[ /ibdul qῶk medῶk qet. ‰ krosmlt phYmqbq f miYlk + afltqo\mlvt dfK qZk mô^dsdZ qῆt qolcῆt (c]qbj^ hômῶk, gejYospe wnsk). q\‚oKh IbplifrfhZ mbo[lalt afZohbpb ἀm\ q\ 9.000 m.U. mbo[mlv (q\ mKksMofl qlῦ mfmYalv C1 qlῦ pmei^[lv $++< ) jYuof q\ 7.000 m.U. (^%qZ bἶk^f ἀhof_Zt uolklild[^ qlῦ mol-hbo^jfhlῦ kblifrfhlῦ J+<).13

IbplifrfhYt qlmlrbp[bt pqZk Ibplmlq^j[^

Q\ moῶql pqKafl qῆt Ibplifrfhῆt mluῆt pq\ ‚oKh ἀmbfhlk[wbq^f pq\ m[mbalC1 qlῦ pmei^[lv S$a)%a h^[ pqZk m^[rof^ qlmlrbp[^ Za2% C$!(% S$a)%a ,pqZk ἀofpqboZ ure qlῦ Œks EK_.14 Q\ j\kl uklt l#hfpjlῦ pY ^%qZk qZk m^[-

rof^ qlmlrbp[^ ἦq^k @k^t u^jei\t h^[ h^jmvisq\t qlῖult ἀm\ mYqobt qῆt m^[-rolv h^[ _\qpî^ qlῦ mlq^jlῦ, + +mlῖlt mfr^kῶt mbofh]hiskb j[^ hî]_^ j[^phekZ. q\ pmZi^fl, Mmst h^[ pq\k h^q^vifpj\, qK i[rfk^ odîbῖ^ ἦq^k jf-holifrfhK hljjKqf^ mvo\ifrlv h^[ jbdî]qbo^ ἀkqfhb[jbk^ Mmst qolul[, ubfo\-jvilf h^[ h\m^klf dfK q\ hlmKkfpj^ dofsk pfqeoῶk. Œiibt h^fklqlj[bt ἦq^kqK plv_ifK ἀm\ h\hhî^ h^[ qK hlpjZj^q^ dfK q\ pῶj^. N* krosmlf l* +mlῖlfwlῦp^k hbῖ mfr^kῶt h^qK @k^ jYolt qlῦ uo\klv h^[ mboklῦp^k q\k ubfjnk^ pq\miep[lk bofph\jbkl pmZi^fl qlῦ $++< /qosd^k dofbt ἶdbt h^[ dof^ mo\-_^q^, ἀdof\ulfolvt h^[ h\hhfk^ iKcf^, Mmst m[pet `Kof^, j]af^ h^[ ubiῶkbt.N* mbofpp\qbolf ἀm\ ql]t ἀkbvobrYkqbt phbibql]t pq\ pmZi^fl $++< pq\ m[-mbal C1 ἦq^k pvdhbkqosjYklf pY @k^ Rkbholq^c[lS h^[ hKrb @k^t ἀm\ ql]t $hqnkZifhbt ml] ἦq^k r^jjYklf pq\ *+ C $++< pvklabv\q^k ἀm\ @k^ m^fa[,

13. fK mbofpp\qbobt ibmqljYobfbt pqZk IbplifrfhZ h^[ LblifrfhZ mbo[lal pqZk •dd]t €k^qliZ

_i. ". $, N!*'%/$%c C0'/0! *" W!/!) A%a, L + <, 1974. J. M++<>, T$! N!-

*'%/$%c *" /$! N!a Ea/ , L, 1975 h^[ D. + J. !+>=, T$! R%! *" C%1%'%4a/%*), !<, 1976.14. #. $, A) Ea'3 V%''a#! S%/! a/ Za2% C$!(% S$a)%a , M+?, C+., 1980.

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15

dbdlk\t q\ +mlῖl pst mlaeinkbf hKmlfl ἀmlqo\m^fl /rfjl. ’i^ qK ho^k[^ ml]jbibqZreh^k ἀkῆh^k pq\k ibd\jbkl osqljbpldbf^h\ q]ml. N* ἀkbvobrYkqbtphbibql[ pq\ m^[rofl *+ C $++< uolklildlῦkq f mbo[ q\ 8920 m.U.

Œiibt qlmlrbp[bt qῆt Ibplifrfhῆt mbof\alv pqZk mbofluZ bἶk^f q\ K+<-

$< h^[ q\ M++>.q\ Ka%(-S$!$% , aYh^ ufif\jbqo^ ἀk^qlifhK qlῦ C+,15 ἀkbvoYre

@k^ m[mbal h^qlfhZpbst, q\ +mlῖl mbofbῖub qbuklvodZj^q^ ἀm\ mvo\ifrl, jf-holifrfhK h^qK q\k uô^hqZo^, pubqfw\jbk^, Mmst c^[kbq^f jY qZk dbsod[^.•m[pet, @k^ mli] ἀpvkZrfpql ifr\pqosql ἀm\ _\qpî^ pY Mie qZk mbofluZ m^f- k[ppbq^f pst mKqsj^ dfK hî]_bt. •Kk qlmlrbp[^ %qZ ἦq^k, Mmst mfpqb]b-q^f, @k^t h^q^vifpj\t jfkljKask, q\qb %qZ môfpqKkbf @k^ mli] ἀou^ῖl pqKaflgbi[gbst mo\t q\k qo\ml wsῆt qῆt jlk[jlv dh^q^pqKpbst.

qZk qo[qe qlmlrbp[^, q\ M'!"aa/ ,16 pvk^kqlῦjb @k^k mf\ j\kfjl q]ml ἀdol-qfhῆt hlfk\qeq^t. qZk qlmlrbp[^ ^%qZ _oYreh^k pm[qf^ ( >-?==), jbofhKh qῶk +ml[sk mbofpqlfu[wlkq^k ἀm\ ql[ulvt h^q^phbv^pjYklvt ἀm\ pqlf_^pjY- kbt mYqobt h^[ ἦq^k pqosjYk^ pq\ /a^clt jY uî[hf^.

Œiibt qlmlrbp[bt jY IbplifrfhK boZj^q^ pqZk Ibplmlq^j[^ hlkqK p᾿^%qZk bἶk^f q\ % M?<> pqZk vo[^ h^[ q\ % A K= pq\ klqflavqfh\‚oKk.

q\ T!'' M0!3b!/ 17 l* ἀou^fli\dlf ἀk^hKiv`^k jôqvo[bt pvkbulῦt h^qlfhZ-pbst dfK mbofpp\qbol ἀm\ 1.300 uo\kf^ (8.600-7.300 m.U.) h^[ qZk af^[obp^kpY qobῖt cKpbft. ‡ cKpe G qlῦ l#hfpjlῦ ἦq^k @k^t h^q^vifpj\t hvkedῶk h^[`ôKask, l* +mlῖlf uoepfjlmlflῦp^k q\k Rk^ql]cflS q]ml qῶk i[rfksk odîb[sk,ml] ἦq^k q\qb hlfk\t pY Mie qZk vo[^ h^[ î^fpq[ke. qZk cKpe GG, ^%q\t +h^q^vifpj\t bἶub d[kbf @k^ usof\ jY pqolddviK pm[qf^ uqfpjYk^ ἀm\ mfbpjYke iKpme (/a0" pqK ἀo^_fhK) h^[ pqZk cKpe GGG ^%qK qK pqolddviK pm[qf^ bἶu^kk jYobf ἀkqfh^q^pq^rbῖ ἀm\ jbdî]qbo^ h^[ jY mliiK asjKqf^ $orldnkf^ pm[-qf^, hqfpjYk^ ἀm\ $dh\ifrlvt ἀp_bpq\ifrlv. qZk af^qolcZ qlvt aYk pvjmbof- i^j_Kklkq^k ^ἶdbt h^[ mo\_^q^, ἀiiK q\ hoY^t molbou\q^k ἀm\ qK dof^ h^[doZdlo^ wῶ^ qῆt dbfqlkfhῆt pqYmm^t (doflf klf, d^wYiibt, iKcf^, ἀdof\ulfolf, i^dl[), qK +mlῖ ph\qsk^k jY _Yie. QK dof^ cvqK ml] h^q^kKisk^k ἦq^k pfqKof

15. #. J. B<+ + B. H, P!$%/*%c I)1!/%#a/%*), . 52.170.

16. #. J. B<+ + B. H, P!$%/*%c I)1!/%#a/%*), . 50.

17. M. '+ L, % !<>+ I=>>?> +@+>= +> M?<>, $<+, JNES 'II (1968),

. 264-290. J. C+?@, L! P!(%! V%''a#! ! S3%!-Pa'!/%)! 0 IX! a0 VII! M%''5)a%! a1a)/ J.-

C., L/"+<=, 1978.

7/24/2019 37 PARASKEVI 2 7 2010.pdf


16

qlῦ q]mlv ><>? ? (bἶk^f q\ ibd\jbkl <), hofrKof, c^hYt,c^p\if^ h^[ cfpq[hf^. Œt pejbfsrbῖ Mqf q\ pfqKof h^[ q\ hofrKof aYk c]lkq^f pqZkmbofluZ ^%qZ, mljYkst moYmbf kK b#pKdlkq^k ἀm\ q\ G++> qῆt Qlvoh[^t,93 j[if^ j^hovK. ‘k^ iil u^o^hqeofpqfh\ qlῦ l#hfpjlῦ bἶk^f Mqf hKmlf^ l#hl-

aljZj^q^ mbofbῖu^k hYo^q^, ho^k[^ h^[ h\hh^i^ ἀm\ doflvt q^]olvt, r^jjYk^hKqs ἀm\ @k^ mZifkl m\afl hobjj^pjYk^ pql]t ql[ulvt, +jl[st mo\t qK jb-q^dbkYpqbo^ LblifrfhK *boK qlῦ C+>+-H pqZk hbkqofhZ €k^qli[^.

q\ T!+! A'% K*$18 pqZk hlfiKa^ D L?<+ qK ἀkbvobrYkq^ pqonj^q^ af^f-oYreh^k pY qobῖt af^clobqfhl]t mlifqfpjl]t. Q\ u^jei\qbol kblifrfh\ m[mbalh^ql[hepet (mbo[mlv 8.000-7.000 m.U.) /aspb mli] jfhoK pm[qf^ ἀm\ mi[krlvtjY ibmql]t ql[ulvt. N* krosmlf ml] wlῦp^k hbῖ, mfr^kῶt j\kl h^qK q\k ubf-jnk^, hvkedlῦp^k qK af^ wῶ^ jY ql]t h^ql[hlvt qlῦ M?<>, ἀiiK m[pet/_lph^k ^#dlmo\_^q^, Mmst l* p]duolkl[ qlvt pq\ HlvoafpqKk. vkYibd^k ql]tpm\olvt mliiῶk b#aῶk $pmo[sk h^[ dofsk u\oqsk, ἀiiK c^[kbq^f Mqf b#pZd^d^kpfqKof (><>? ) h^[ hofrKof 0ae gejbosjYk^ ἀm\ qZk mbofluZ qlῦK<+=+.

18. F. H, K. '. F+<, J. A. , H. H+, P!$%/*3 a) H0(a) Ec*'*#3 %) /$! D!$

L0a) P'a%): a) Ea'3 V%''a#! S!0!)c! "*( K$04%/a), Ia), A A<<, C. 1969.

37 paraskevi 2 7 2010.pdf

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