January 30, ２００８Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

The Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake Subcommittee for the Study and Investigation of Nuclear Installations

Improvement of In-houseFire Brigade Systems at NPPs and Emergency

Information / Public Communications Measures Regarding the Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake

WG on the Review of In-house Fire Brigade Systems and Emergency Information / Public Communications Measures Regarding

the Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake

The ChuetsuThe Chuetsu--Oki Earthquake Oki Earthquake Subcommittee for the Study and Investigation of Nuclear InstallaSubcommittee for the Study and Investigation of Nuclear Installationstions

Improvement of InImprovement of In--househouseFire Brigade Systems at Fire Brigade Systems at NPPsNPPs and Emergency and Emergency

Information / Public Communications Measures Information / Public Communications Measures Regarding the ChuetsuRegarding the Chuetsu--Oki EarthquakeOki Earthquake

WG on the Review of InWG on the Review of In--house Fire Brigade Systems house Fire Brigade Systems and Emergency Information / Public Communications Measures Regarand Emergency Information / Public Communications Measures Regardingding

the Chuetsuthe Chuetsu--Oki EarthquakeOki Earthquake

Working Group MembersWorking Group MembersWorking Group Members•• HirotadaHirotada OhashiOhashi: : Professor, Department of Quantum Engineering and Professor, Department of Quantum Engineering and

System Science, University of TokyoSystem Science, University of Tokyo•• Toshio Toshio KosakoKosako: : Professor, Department of Nuclear Engineering and Professor, Department of Nuclear Engineering and

Management, University of TokyoManagement, University of Tokyo•• Yuki Yuki ShutoShuto: : Director, Research Institute for Social Safety Human Director, Research Institute for Social Safety Human

Factors Lab (RISS)Factors Lab (RISS)•• Tsutomu Tanaka: Tsutomu Tanaka: Codes and Standards Division, Japan Nuclear Codes and Standards Division, Japan Nuclear

Technology InstituteTechnology Institute•• EijiEiji SaidaSaida: : Emergency Management Supervisor, Niigata PrefectureEmergency Management Supervisor, Niigata Prefecture•• Tomoko Tsuchiya: Tomoko Tsuchiya: Senior Researcher, Central Research Institute of Senior Researcher, Central Research Institute of

Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI)Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI)•• ShoheiShohei NagatsujiNagatsuji: : Editor, Sankei Editor, Sankei ShinbunShinbun Co., Ltd.Co., Ltd.•• Tamotsu Nomura: Tamotsu Nomura: Director Radiation Effects AssociationDirector Radiation Effects Association•• MunenoriMunenori HirasawaHirasawa: : Senior Officer, Safety Information Analysis Senior Officer, Safety Information Analysis

Group, Safety Information Research Division, Incorporated Group, Safety Information Research Division, Incorporated Administrative Agency, Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization Administrative Agency, Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES)(JNES)

•• YoshiteruYoshiteru MurosakiMurosaki: : Director, National Research Institute of Fire and Director, National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster (NRIFD)Disaster (NRIFD)

•• First round: First round: –– August 27August 27

•• Discussions regarding the matters to be examinedDiscussions regarding the matters to be examined

•• Second round: Second round: –– September 20September 20

•• Discussion (i) of issues related to inDiscussion (i) of issues related to in--house brigade systems, and house brigade systems, and emergency information / public communication measuresemergency information / public communication measures

•• Third round: Third round: –– October 11October 11

•• Discussion (ii) of issues related to inDiscussion (ii) of issues related to in--house brigade systems, house brigade systems, emergency information / public communications measuresemergency information / public communications measures

•• Forth round: Forth round: –– November 14November 14

•• Examination of emergency information / public communication Examination of emergency information / public communication measures measures

•• Discussion regarding the outline of the draft report Discussion regarding the outline of the draft report

•• Fifth round:Fifth round:–– December 7December 7

•• Completion of the draft reportCompletion of the draft report

WG ActivitiesWG ActivitiesWG Activities

In-house Fire Brigade System

The in-house fire brigade of the Kashiwazaki-kariwa NPP could not extinguish the fire that broke out in an electric transformer and it took about two hours for it to be extinguished by the public fire service (KashiwazakiCity Fire Service).

The in-house fire brigade of the Kashiwazaki-kariwa NPP could not extinguish the fire that broke out in an electric transformer and it took athe fire that broke out in an electric transformer and it took about bout two hours for it to be extinguished by the public fire service (two hours for it to be extinguished by the public fire service (KashiwazakiKashiwazakiCity Fire Service).City Fire Service).

What happened during the Chuetsu-Oki EarthquakeWhat happened during the Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake

Purpose of the ResearchPurpose of the Research

Investigation on appropriate measures in order to cope with fires which could occur at NPPsInvestigation on appropriate measures in order to cope with fireInvestigation on appropriate measures in order to cope with fires which could s which could occur at occur at NPPsNPPs

The Niigataken Chuetsu-Oki earthquake (otherwise known as the Chuetsu-Oki earthquake) occurred on July 16, 2007. Nuclear reactors at the Kashiwazaki-KariwaNPP whether in operation or in start-up were automatically shut down immediately after the occurrence of the earthquake, ensuring the safety of the plant.

The electric transformer fireThe electric transformer fire

BackgroundBackground

←【Photo : Japan Coast Guard】

Tasks identified associated with the fire at an electric transformerTasks identified associated with Tasks identified associated with the fire at an electric transformerthe fire at an electric transformer

1.1. Lack of first response staffLack of first response staff

2.2. Damage to and defects of the fire Damage to and defects of the fire extinguishing systemextinguishing system

3.3. Delay in notifying the fire stationDelay in notifying the fire station

4.4. Lack of appropriate firefighting training Lack of appropriate firefighting training for the first response stafffor the first response staff

2. Damage to and defects of the fire extinguishing systemMechanical pipe fittings such as screw pipe fittings, which were used for the fire hydrant system around the Unit No.1, were damaged due to soil settlement caused by the earthquake.Deployment of a chemical firefighting vehicle was judged to be unnecessary since it was assumed that functionality of the the outdoor fire hydrant system would not be lost even in the event of a major earthquake.

2. Damage to and defects of the fire extinguishing system2. Damage to and defects of the fire extinguishing systemMechanical pipe fittings such as screw pipe fittings, which wereMechanical pipe fittings such as screw pipe fittings, which were used for used for the fire hydrant system around the Unit No.1, were damaged due tthe fire hydrant system around the Unit No.1, were damaged due to soil o soil settlement caused by the earthquake.settlement caused by the earthquake.Deployment of a chemical firefighting vehicle was judged to be Deployment of a chemical firefighting vehicle was judged to be unnecessary since it was assumed that functionality of the unnecessary since it was assumed that functionality of the thethe outdoor outdoor fire hydrant system would not be lost even in the event of a majfire hydrant system would not be lost even in the event of a major or earthquake.earthquake.

1. Lack of first response staffNo in-house fire brigade personnel were stationed on a full-time basis on holidays or during the night.In the event of a major earthquake, the firefighting crew is summoned only when it is judged to be necessary and does not automatically assemble.

1. Lack of first response staff1. Lack of first response staffNo inNo in--house fire brigade personnel were stationed on a fullhouse fire brigade personnel were stationed on a full--time basis on time basis on holidays or during the night.holidays or during the night.In the event of a major earthquake, the firefighting crew is sumIn the event of a major earthquake, the firefighting crew is summoned only moned only when it is judged to be necessary and does not automatically asswhen it is judged to be necessary and does not automatically assemble.emble.

Tasks identified associated with the fire at an electric transformerTasks identified associated with the fire at an electric transfoTasks identified associated with the fire at an electric transformerrmer

Damage to Fire hydrant pipes【Photos： TEPCO】

3. Delay in notifying the fire stationThe Emergency Operation Room could not be used due to earthquakedamage to the door, because measures such as the installation ofaseismic doors, etc. had not been applied to the entrance/exit of the room.No consideration was given to the installation of exclusive communication lines to the public fire station in the Main Control Room, etc., which has high seismic-resistance.

3. Delay in notifying the fire stationDelay in notifying the fire stationThe Emergency Operation Room could not be used due to earthquakedamage to the door, because measures such as the installation ofaseismic doors, etc. had not been applied to the entrance/exit of the room.No consideration was given to the installation of exclusive communication lines to the public fire station in the Main Control Room, etc., which has high seismic-resistance.

4. Lack of appropriate firefighting training for the first response staffInsufficient training had been provided to the shift operators in charge of first response to a fire, in contrast to the firefighting crew of the in-house fire brigade staff.TEPCO was over-reliant on the local public fire service.

4. Lack of appropriate firefighting training for the first 4. Lack of appropriate firefighting training for the first response staffresponse staffInsufficient training had been provided to the shift operators iInsufficient training had been provided to the shift operators in charge of n charge of first response to a fire, in contrast to the firefighting crew ofirst response to a fire, in contrast to the firefighting crew of the inf the in--house house fire brigade staff.fire brigade staff.TEPCO was overTEPCO was over--reliant on the local public fire service.reliant on the local public fire service.

Tasks identified associated with the fire at an electric transformerTasks identified associated with the fire at an electric transfoTasks identified associated with the fire at an electric transformerrmer

Through the investigation into the actual conditions at Through the investigation into the actual conditions at NPPsNPPs in Japan, it was in Japan, it was revealed that these points were common to other revealed that these points were common to other NPPsNPPs..

An in-house fire brigade system is required

to have the capability to extinguish fires that could break out in large electric transformers, tanks for diesel fuel and other installations located outdoors.

to maintain the ability to extinguish these fires even in cases where public fire services are unavailable as a result of a major earthquake.

An inAn in--house fire brigade system is requiredhouse fire brigade system is required

to have the capability to extinguish fires that could break out to have the capability to extinguish fires that could break out in large electric transformers, tanks for diesel fuel and other in large electric transformers, tanks for diesel fuel and other installations located outdoors. installations located outdoors.

to maintain the ability to extinguish these fires even in cases to maintain the ability to extinguish these fires even in cases where public fire services are unavailable as a result of a where public fire services are unavailable as a result of a major earthquake.major earthquake.

Role of and capability requirements for the in-house fire brigade systems at NPPs

Role of and capability requirements for Role of and capability requirements for the inthe in--house fire brigade systems at house fire brigade systems at NPPsNPPs

Outdoor oil storage tank

Electric transformer

1. Reinforcement of the first response staff2. Enhancement of the reliability of the fire extinguishing

systema. Assure seismic-resistance of the fire hydrant systemb. Diversify the fire extinguishing systemc. Improve the organizational system associated with the diversified

fire extinguishing system4. Improvement of the reliability of facilities indispensable for

firefighting activities5. Practical training in collaboration with the public fire service

and its evaluation6. Enhancement of fire prevention education/measures

1.1. Reinforcement of the first response staffReinforcement of the first response staff2.2. Enhancement of the reliability of the fire extinguishing Enhancement of the reliability of the fire extinguishing

systemsystema.a. Assure seismicAssure seismic--resistance of the fire hydrant systemresistance of the fire hydrant systemb.b. Diversify the fire extinguishing systemDiversify the fire extinguishing systemc.c. Improve the organizational system associated with the diversifieImprove the organizational system associated with the diversified d

fire extinguishing systemfire extinguishing system4.4. Improvement of the reliability of facilities indispensable for Improvement of the reliability of facilities indispensable for

firefighting activitiesfirefighting activities5. Practical training in collaboration with the public fire service

and its evaluation6.6. Enhancement of fire prevention education/measuresEnhancement of fire prevention education/measures

Specific measures to drastically improve the in-house fire brigade systems at NPPsSpecific measures to drastically improve Specific measures to drastically improve

the inthe in--house fire brigade systems at house fire brigade systems at NPPsNPPsIn order to establish an effective and practical in-house fire brigade system, it is important to take various measures to improve organization, education, equipment and facilities.

Secure more than 10 people to serve as a first response firefighting crew on a 24 hour full-time basis.

Train a crew leader who will provide critical guidance for the in-house fire brigade system, providing key knowledge regarding firefighting activities, radiation protection, plant facilities, etc.

Secure more than 10 people to serve as a first response Secure more than 10 people to serve as a first response firefighting crew on a 24 hour fullfirefighting crew on a 24 hour full--time basis.time basis.

Train a crew leader who will provide critical guidance for the Train a crew leader who will provide critical guidance for the inin--house fire brigade system, providing key knowledge house fire brigade system, providing key knowledge regarding firefighting activities, radiation protection, plant regarding firefighting activities, radiation protection, plant facilities, etc.facilities, etc.

1. Reinforcement of the first response staff1. Reinforcement of the first response staff

a. Assure seismic-resistance of the fire hydrant systemImprove the aseismic strength/structure (by adopting a technical standard similar to those adopted for gas pipes, oil pipelines, etc. which can secure the system’s functionality in an earthquake with a seismic intensity of approximately 6 to 7), etc., as far as the pipes and water tanks for the fire extinguishing system are concerned.Locate pipes above ground and introduce flexible pipe fittings, welded pipe fittings, etc., so that the fire hydrant system can cope with ground deformation. Replace the mechanical pipe fittings at building connections that suffered intensive damage in the Chuetsu-Oki earthquake.

a.a. Assure seismicAssure seismic--resistance of the fire hydrant systemresistance of the fire hydrant systemImprove the aseismic strength/structure (by adopting a technical standard similar to those adopted for gas pipes, oil pipelines, etc. which can secure the system’s functionality in an earthquake with a seismic intensity of approximately 6 to 7), etc., as far as the pipes and water tanks for the fire extinguishing system are concerned.Locate pipes above ground and introduce flexible pipe fittings, welded pipe fittings, etc., so that the fire hydrant system can cope with ground deformation. Replace the mechanical pipe fittings at building connections that suffered intensive damage in the Chuetsu-Oki earthquake.

2. Enhancement of the reliability of the fire extinguishing system (1)

2.2. Enhancement of the reliability Enhancement of the reliability of the fire extinguishing system (1)of the fire extinguishing system (1)

Implement comprehensive measures to provide the fire extinguishing system with seismic-resistant, redundant and diversified equipment according to the situation at each facility.

b. Diversify the fire extinguishing systemDeploy both chemical- and water-based firefighting trucks/ tenders.Secure sufficient quantity of extinguishing foam agent and/or water for such vehicles.Consider the adoption of the following options if a malfunction of the fire extinguishing system occurs:Install connections enabling water feeds from the firefighting vehicle to the indoor fire hydrants.Construct seismic-proof fire cisterns.Put in place large fire extinguishers with wheels.

b. Diversify the fire extinguishing systemDeploy both chemical- and water-based firefighting trucks/ tenders.Secure sufficient quantity of extinguishing foam agent and/or water for such vehicles.Consider the adoption of the following options if a malfunction of the fire extinguishing system occurs:Install connections enabling water feeds from the firefighting vehicle to the indoor fire hydrants.Construct seismic-proof fire cisterns.Put in place large fire extinguishers with wheels.

2. Enhancement of the reliability of the fire extinguishing system (2)

2.2. Enhancement of the reliability Enhancement of the reliability of the fire extinguishing system (2)of the fire extinguishing system (2)

c.Improve the organizational system associated with the diversified fire extinguishing systemSecure enough staff on a full time basis for chemical firefighting vehicles, etc. Conduct training regularly to improve their skills.

c.Improve the organizational system associated with the diversified fire extinguishing systemSecure enough staff on a full time basis for chemical firefightiSecure enough staff on a full time basis for chemical firefighting vehicles, ng vehicles, etc. etc. Conduct training regularly to improve their skills.Conduct training regularly to improve their skills.

Install an exclusive communication line and satellite telephone system at the main control room, etc with high aseismicity.

Secure enough seismic resistance for emergency operation rooms, firefighting vehicle garages, etc. This should be equivalent to the level required for emergency response centers, such as fire station buildings (designed to withstand a seismic force 1.5 times larger than the Building Standard Law))

Install an exclusive communication line and satellite Install an exclusive communication line and satellite telephone system at the main control room, etc with high telephone system at the main control room, etc with high aseismicityaseismicity..

Secure enough seismic resistance for emergency operation Secure enough seismic resistance for emergency operation rooms, firefighting vehicle garages, etc. This should be rooms, firefighting vehicle garages, etc. This should be equivalent to the level required for emergency response equivalent to the level required for emergency response centers, such as fire station buildings (designed to withstand centers, such as fire station buildings (designed to withstand a seismic force 1.5 times larger than the Building Standard a seismic force 1.5 times larger than the Building Standard Law)) Law))

3. Improvement of the reliability of facilities indispensable for firefighting activities

3.3. Improvement of the reliability of facilities Improvement of the reliability of facilities indispensable for firefighting activitiesindispensable for firefighting activities

Develop firefighting plans for equipment and facilities such as electric transformers that have a high fire risk.Conduct training and evaluation based on the PDCA cycle. Conduct firefighting training regularly using equipment such as personal protective clothing assuming the occurrence of a fire in a nuclear disaster.Share information on good practices such as firefighting training.Consider firefighting training that uses an actual fire at emergency training facilities used by the petroleum industry.

Develop firefighting plans for equipment and facilities such as electric transformers that have a high fire risk.Conduct training and evaluation based on the PDCA cycle. Conduct firefighting training regularly using equipment such as personal protective clothing assuming the occurrence of a fire in a nuclear disaster.Share information on good practices such as firefighting training.Consider firefighting training that uses an actual fire at emergency training facilities used by the petroleum industry.

Firefighting training at the Maritime Disaster Prevention

Center【Photos：HP of the Maritime Disaster Prevention Center】

4. Practical training in collaboration with the public fire service and its evaluation

4. Practical training in collaboration with the public fire service and its evaluation

Share information about accidents such as fires and educate personnel in an easy-to-understand manner. Actively offer feedback regarding good practices related to education among the nuclear licensees.

Strictly control fire sources when using any construction tools,etc that may cause fires.

Share information about accidents such as fires and educate Share information about accidents such as fires and educate personnel in an easypersonnel in an easy--toto--understand manner. Actively offer understand manner. Actively offer feedback regarding good practices related to education feedback regarding good practices related to education among the nuclear licensees.among the nuclear licensees.

Strictly control fire sources when using any construction tools,Strictly control fire sources when using any construction tools,etc that may cause fires.etc that may cause fires.

5. Enhancement of fire prevention education/measures

5.5. Enhancement of Enhancement of fire prevention education/measuresfire prevention education/measures

The licensees should enhance the in-house fire brigade systems of NPPs in a systematic and active manner in collaboration with the local fire services.

The licensees should check and review their crisis management systems as a whole, as well as organizational efficiency and adequacy and personnel training.

The licensees should enhance the inThe licensees should enhance the in--house fire brigade house fire brigade systems of systems of NPPsNPPs in a systematic and active manner in in a systematic and active manner in collaboration with the local fire services.collaboration with the local fire services.

The licensees should check and review their crisis The licensees should check and review their crisis management systems as a whole, as well as organizational management systems as a whole, as well as organizational efficiency and adequacy and personnel training.efficiency and adequacy and personnel training.

Efforts and provisions of the nuclear licenseesEfforts and provisions of the nuclear licenseesEfforts and provisions of the nuclear licensees

Efforts and provisions to be made (1)Efforts and provisions to be made (1)Efforts and provisions to be made (1)

Regarding the in-house fire brigade systemRegarding the inRegarding the in--house fire brigade systemhouse fire brigade system

Efforts and provisions of the Government of JapanEfforts and provisions of the Government of JapanEfforts and provisions of the Government of Japan

Efforts and provisions to be made (2)Efforts and provisions to be made (2)Efforts and provisions to be made (2)

Measures necessary to protect the safety and security of the public must be implemented by the government in order to enable nuclearlicensees to steadily and smoothly take the necessary actions .

a. Reflecting on regulations/civil standards

•NISA should conduct necessary examinations of regulations, civilstandards, etc. so as to secure the implementation of measures considered in this WG.

aa. Reflecting on regulations/civil standards. Reflecting on regulations/civil standards

••NISA should conduct necessary examinations of regulations, civilNISA should conduct necessary examinations of regulations, civilstandards, etc. so as to secure the implementation of measures standards, etc. so as to secure the implementation of measures considered in this WG.considered in this WG.

Consider necessary amendments of related regulations and/or standards such as JEAG (Japan Electric Association Guide) etc.

b. Collaboration, etc. with related parties•Fire countermeasure specialists (stationed at NISA’s inspection office in August 2007 after the fire at the Kashiwazaki-KariwaNPP) and the local fire service should collaborate by sharing information periodically and conduct examinations of and provideguidance for the in-house fire brigade system.

•NISA should provide ongoing training, etc. related to fire protection for fire countermeasure specialists.

•In order to enable the joint training of each nuclear operator and local fire services, the Fire and Disaster Management Agency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (FDMA) should create manuals, etc. for joint training. NISA should support the joint training so as to better carry out and strengthen the nuclear disaster response capability.

b. Collaboration, etc. with related partiesb. Collaboration, etc. with related parties••Fire countermeasure specialists (stationed at Fire countermeasure specialists (stationed at NISANISA’’ss inspection inspection office office in August 2007 after the fire at the in August 2007 after the fire at the KashiwazakiKashiwazaki--KariwaKariwaNPP) and the local fire service should collaborate by sharing NPP) and the local fire service should collaborate by sharing information periodically and conduct examinations of and provideinformation periodically and conduct examinations of and provideguidance for the inguidance for the in--house fire brigade system.house fire brigade system.

••NISA should provide ongoing training, etc. related to fire proteNISA should provide ongoing training, etc. related to fire protection ction for fire countermeasure specialists.for fire countermeasure specialists.

••In order to enable the joint training of each nuclear operator aIn order to enable the joint training of each nuclear operator and nd local fire services, the Fire and Disaster Management Agency of local fire services, the Fire and Disaster Management Agency of the the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (FDMA) should Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (FDMA) should create manuals, etc. for joint training. NISA should support thcreate manuals, etc. for joint training. NISA should support the joint e joint training so as to better carry out and strengthen the nuclear ditraining so as to better carry out and strengthen the nuclear disaster saster response capability.response capability.

Efforts and provisions of the Government of JapanEfforts and provisions of the Government of JapanEfforts and provisions of the Government of Japan

Regarding the in-house fire brigade systemRegarding the inRegarding the in--house fire brigade systemhouse fire brigade system

b. Collaboration, etc., with related parties•Local fire services, FDMA and NISA should make efforts to provide opportunities to mutually share information in respect to the in-house fire brigade systems, and FDMA should review the fire cover of all regions where NPPs are located considering the local situation and needs of each.

b. Collaboration, etc., with related partiesb. Collaboration, etc., with related parties••Local fire services, FDMA and NISA should make efforts to providLocal fire services, FDMA and NISA should make efforts to provide e opportunities to mutually share information in respect to the inopportunities to mutually share information in respect to the in--house fire brigade systems, and FDMA should review the fire covehouse fire brigade systems, and FDMA should review the fire cover r of all regions where of all regions where NPPsNPPs are located considering the local situation are located considering the local situation and needs of each.and needs of each.

c. Response to multiple disasters•It is beneficial to further strengthen the nuclear disaster response capability for fires in a multiple disaster such as an occurrence of both an earthquake and a nuclear disaster at the same time.

c. c. Response to multiple disastersResponse to multiple disasters••It is beneficial to further strengthen the nuclear disaster respIt is beneficial to further strengthen the nuclear disaster response onse capability for fires in a multiple disaster such as an occurrenccapability for fires in a multiple disaster such as an occurrence of e of both an earthquake and a nuclear disaster at the same time.both an earthquake and a nuclear disaster at the same time.

Efforts and provisions of the Government of JapanEfforts and provisions of the Government of JapanEfforts and provisions of the Government of Japan

Regarding the in-house fire brigade systemRegarding the inRegarding the in--house fire brigade systemhouse fire brigade system

Emergency Information / Public Communication Measures

First responseThe first press conference held by Government of Japan was approximately two hours after the occurrence of the earthquake.Effective measures so as to supply information to local residents were not sufficiently prepared and information could not be supplied to them promptly.

First responseThe first press conference held by Government of Japan was approximately two hours after the occurrence of the earthquake.Effective measures so as to supply information to local residents were not sufficiently prepared and information could not be supplied to them promptly.

Method of supplying informationTechnical terms used in press release materials were too difficult for ordinary citizens to fully understand.Responses immediately, after improper information relevant to the facts was released, were not sufficient.

Method of supplying informationTechnical terms used in press release materials were too difficult for ordinary citizens to fully understand.Responses immediately, after improper information relevant to the facts was released, were not sufficient.

Tasks identified by the Chuetsu-Oki earthquakeTasks identified by the Chuetsu-Oki earthquake

Equipment and management systems of licenseeInformation and telecommunication devices could not be used due to the inoperability of OA devices and a blackout.On the day of the earthquake, too much time was consumed in identifying the presence of radioactive material in the puddle of water found in Unit No.6 and the information supply was delayed.

Equipment and management systems of licenseeInformation and telecommunication devices could not be used due to the inoperability of OA devices and a blackout.On the day of the earthquake, too much time was consumed in identifying the presence of radioactive material in the puddle of water found in Unit No.6 and the information supply was delayed.

Niigataken Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Emergency Response

Center

The local inspector’s office of the Government of JapanExtra time was needed until the arrival of local inspectors because of traffic congestions due to the earthquake.Information that was provided to the local government was insufficient.Utilization of the Nuclear Emergency Response Operations Facility (an offsite center to deal with a nuclear disaster) was not considered for major earthquakes.

The local inspector’s office of the Government of JapanExtra time was needed until the arrival of local inspectors because of traffic congestions due to the earthquake.Information that was provided to the local government was insufficient.Utilization of the Nuclear Emergency Response Operations Facility (an offsite center to deal with a nuclear disaster) was not considered for major earthquakes.

A center that is located at each nuclear business site to hold emergencyresponse studies at the time of nuclear disaster with all parties involvedsuch as the Government of Japan and the local government.

The Nuclear Emergency Response Operations Facility(an offsite center to deal with a nuclear disaster)

[Photo: From NISA material]

Tasks identified by the Chuetsu-Oki earthquake (Continued)Tasks identified by the Chuetsu-Oki earthquake (Continued)

Efforts and provisions to be made for emergency information / public communication measures

Efforts and provisions to be made for emergency information / public communication measures

Specific measuresSpecific measures

Promptly send information related to the status of NPP, etc. following a major earthquake and precisely supply necessary information such as the necessity of evacuation to the local residents.

Promptly send information related to the status of NPP, etc. following a major earthquake and precisely supply necessary information such as the necessity of evacuation to the local residents.

Promptly supply information to local residents by utilizing various measuresRepeatedly supply information to local residents by providing press announcements at the locality and through the public administration’s emergency radio announcements, local radio channels, mobile phone text messages/websites, announcement vehicles, advertisement leaflets, newspapers, electric bulletin boards, CATV, etc.The Government of Japan should hold a press announcement promptly after the occurrence of an earthquake (approx. one hour after the earthquake).

Promptly supply information to local residents by utilizing various measuresRepeatedly supply information to local residents by providing press announcements at the locality and through the public administration’s emergency radio announcements, local radio channels, mobile phone text messages/websites, announcement vehicles, advertisement leaflets, newspapers, electric bulletin boards, CATV, etc.The Government of Japan should hold a press announcement promptly after the occurrence of an earthquake (approx. one hour after the earthquake).

Reinforce the Government of Japan’s site-oriented structureDispatch executive officers from NISA to the site at the initial stage of the response.Utilize an offsite center (the Nuclear Emergency Response Operations Facility) as the activity center at the site.Establish a system that automatically collects important safety information regarding the NPPs.

Reinforce the Government of Japan’s site-oriented structureDispatch executive officers from NISA to the site at the initial stage of the response.Utilize an offsite center (the Nuclear Emergency Response Operations Facility) as the activity center at the site.Establish a system that automatically collects important safety information regarding the NPPs.

Use expressions easy to understand to supply comprehensible information for the publicPrepare forms using examples understandable from daily life or simple and comprehensible expressions/graphs.Promptly supply information that clearly identifies the possibility of conditional changes.Supply information including objective opinions from a third party when inaccurate information is released.The Government of Japan should conduct the provisional evaluation applying the international event scale immediately after the occurrence of an earthquake.

Use expressions easy to understand to supply comprehensible information for the publicPrepare forms using examples understandable from daily life or simple and comprehensible expressions/graphs.Promptly supply information that clearly identifies the possibility of conditional changes.Supply information including objective opinions from a third party when inaccurate information is released.The Government of Japan should conduct the provisional evaluation applying the international event scale immediately after the occurrence of an earthquake.

Specific measures (Continued)Specific measures (Continued)

Establish nuclear licensees’ facilities and structuresConsider earthquake resistance for facilities critical for communication in emergency situations.Securely locate necessary personnel during the night or on holidays to respond to the release of radioactive materials and give prompt notification.Examine the reinforcement of local structure through actions such as dispatching executives as support personnel from the headquarters of licensees.

Establish nuclear licensees’ facilities and structuresConsider earthquake resistance for facilities critical for communication in emergency situations.Securely locate necessary personnel during the night or on holidays to respond to the release of radioactive materials and give prompt notification.Examine the reinforcement of local structure through actions such as dispatching executives as support personnel from the headquarters of licensees.

Conduct practical trainings, seminars, etc.The Government of Japan, local government, and nuclear licensees should collaborate to conduct training, confirm each function and examine improvements.The Government of Japan should expand the number of attendants for public relations seminars and provide programs that adequately explain the necessary information.The Government of Japan and nuclear licensees should regularly participate in hearings and public relations activities at the vicinity of the site.

Conduct practical trainings, seminars, etc.The Government of Japan, local government, and nuclear licensees should collaborate to conduct training, confirm each function and examine improvements.The Government of Japan should expand the number of attendants for public relations seminars and provide programs that adequately explain the necessary information.The Government of Japan and nuclear licensees should regularly participate in hearings and public relations activities at the vicinity of the site.

Specific measures (Continued)Specific measures (Continued)

Efforts and provisions to be madeEfforts and provisions to be madeEfforts and provisions to be made

Efforts and provisions of the nuclear licenseesEfforts and provisions of the nuclear licensees

Evaluate and examine the existing communication systems, then review their emergency action plans and improve their equipment.Evaluate and examine the existing communication systems, then review their emergency action plans and improve their equipment.

Efforts and provisions of the Government of JapanEfforts and provisions of the Government of Japan

The Government of Japan should improve its structures to releaseinformation and improve facilities for collecting information.Collaborate with local governments and nuclear licensees to review manuals, improve seminars and examine emergency exercise trainings.Exchange opinions beforehand with local media, and then promote improvements in the information supply media and operations.Prepare forms and explanation diagrams designed ahead of time and examine practical information supply with experts for improvement.

The Government of Japan should improve its structures to releaseinformation and improve facilities for collecting information.Collaborate with local governments and nuclear licensees to review manuals, improve seminars and examine emergency exercise trainings.Exchange opinions beforehand with local media, and then promote improvements in the information supply media and operations.Prepare forms and explanation diagrams designed ahead of time and examine practical information supply with experts for improvement.

ConclusionConclusion•• A number of lessons can be learned from the ChuetsuA number of lessons can be learned from the Chuetsu--Oki Oki

EarthquakeEarthquake•• The Government of Japan and the nuclear licensees must The Government of Japan and the nuclear licensees must

seriously consider these lessons and reflect these in future seriously consider these lessons and reflect these in future activitiesactivities

•• The firefighting capability of The firefighting capability of NPPsNPPs should be strengthened by should be strengthened by the improvement of the Inthe improvement of the In--house fire brigade systemhouse fire brigade system

•• The functionality of the fire extinguishing system should be The functionality of the fire extinguishing system should be ensured through improvement of its seismic resistance, and ensured through improvement of its seismic resistance, and use of diversity and/or redundancy, in the event of a major use of diversity and/or redundancy, in the event of a major earthquakeearthquake

•• Consider necessary amendments of related regulations and/or Consider necessary amendments of related regulations and/or standards standards

•• Promptly send information related to the status of NPP Promptly send information related to the status of NPP following a major earthquake and precisely supply necessary following a major earthquake and precisely supply necessary information such as the necessity of evacuation to the local information such as the necessity of evacuation to the local residents.residents.

•• The efforts of the nuclear licensees should be followed up on. The efforts of the nuclear licensees should be followed up on. A Report by the WG will be issued in February.A Report by the WG will be issued in February.