行為主義心理學

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行為主義心理學. 行為學習論主張 1. 將學習歷程解釋為 條件作用 (制約作用) conditioning 。 學習:個體處於某些條件限制 ( 引起反應的 刺激情境 ) 之下所產生的反應。 2. 將個體學到的行為解釋為 刺激 與 反應 之間關 係的聯結。. 一、古典制約作用 (classical conditioning). Paviov ( 1849 ~ 1936 )實驗 1. 條件作用前 UCS UCR CS 無反應 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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  • 1. conditioning ( )

    2.

  • (classical conditioning) Paviov18491936 1. UCS UCR CS 2. CS UCS UCR

    3. CS CR

  • -- UCS () CS () UCR ()

  • -- UCS () CS () UCR ()

  • -- CS () CR ()

  • Qreinforcement SRCR Q(stimulus generalization) CSCRQdiscrimination CS Qextinction CRCS UCSCR

  • CS CR ()

  • CS CR ()

  • Q(secondary-order conditioning) CSUCSCS S R) Q UCS UCR CR CS

  • l.(Thorndike)(connectionism)

    (1)PavlovS SR trial-and-error learning

  • !

  • (2)SR a.law of exercise: S-R b.law of readiness) :S-R c.1aw of effect SR

  • (3) SR SR ()

  • 2.Skinner(operant conditioning)

    Q Pavlov respondent conditioning UCS UCR UCS CS CS CR)CR CS

  • (Skinner(operant conditioning) SR () =>

  • Q Q

  • Q e.g. Skinner box

  • QSkinner (environmental determinism)

    Q(immediate reinforcement) (delayed reinforcement)

    Q(Continuous reinforcement) (partial reinforcement)