81-220-1 chapter 11
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 11 lecture notesTRANSCRIPT
Michelle PalaroCriminology 81-220-1
Fall 2014
Chapter 11 -Political Crime and Terrorism
• The Goals of Political Criminals
– Intimidation
– Revolution
– Profit
– Conviction
– Pseudo-conviction
Defining Political Crime
• Becoming a Political Criminal
– Stage 1: “It’s not right”
– Stage 2: “It’s not fair”
– Stage 3: “It’s your fault”
– Stage 4: “You’re evil”
Defining Political Crime
• Political crimes can be linked into three categories:
– Organizational
– Occupational
– Independent
Political Crimes
• Election Tampering and Fraud– Election fraud includes a variety of
behaviors designed to give a candidate or party an unfair advantage•Intimidation•Disruption•Misinformation •Registration fraud•Vote buying
Political Crimes
• Treason
• Espionage
– Industrial espionage
• State Political Crime
• Using Torture
Political Crimes
• Defining Terrorism
– The illegal use of force against
innocent people to achieve a
political objective
– Terror cells
– Guerillas
Terrorism
•Terrorist and Insurgent
•Terrorist and Revolutionary
Terrorism
• Reign of Terror
• Russian revolution
• Pre-World War I Europe
• Nazi Germany
• Irish Republican Army
• Arab nationalists
A Brief History of Terrorism
• Revolutionary Terrorists• Political Terrorists
– Right-wing political groups– Left-wing political groups– Eco-terrorism
• Nationalist Terrorism• Retributive Terrorism• State-sponsored Terrorism
Contemporary Forms of Terrorism
A Brief History of Terrorism
• How Are Terrorist Groups
Organized?
– Networks
• How Are Terrorist Groups
Financed?
Contemporary Forms of Terrorism
Contemporary Forms of Terrorism
• Psychological View
• Economic View
• Alienation View
• Socialization View
• Ideological View
What Motivates the Terrorist?
• Director of National Intelligence (DNI)
• Confronting Terrorism with Law Enforcement
– Federal law enforcement
– Department of Homeland Security
(DHS)
– Local law enforcement
Response to Terrorism
• USA Patriot Act (USAPA)– Legislation giving U.S. law enforcement
agencies a freer hand to investigate and apprehend suspected terrorists
• USAPA expands all four traditional tools of surveillance:– Wiretaps– Search warrants– Pen/trap orders (recording phone calls)– Subpoenas
Confronting Terrorism with the Law
• Civil Rights and the USA Patriot Act– Civil libertarians believe the act
erodes civil rights– They argue the First Amendment is
violated because reasonable political dissent can become criminal
– Subsequent acts and amendments have strengthened the act rather than dismantled
Confronting Terrorism with the Law