a study on stone sources sites in central highlands...

文学部・文学研究科学術研究論集

A Study on Stone Sources Sites in Central Highlands:

Takayama Site Cluster，with Special Reference to the Procurement

Methods

IIDA Shigeo

Obsidian from Central Highland in J apan Is: the most commcm1y use.d mat.eriaJ! fbr ma担:ngs.tone

tools in the Chubu and Kanto Region in the Paleolithic in J apan. In this paper target of Tl紘ayama

site cluster. Takayama site cluster is in central highland of obsidian sources here. 80， in this paper

discusses the procurement methods of Paleolithic. There is Takayama 8ite Cluster that 1 make to the

object of the analysis.

Key word : Obsidian， Stone Sources Site， Raw Material

147


1. Background

Japanese archaeologists have conducted empirical studies on stone quarry sites of the Paleolithic

Period， especially the Shirataki sites in Hokkaido， obsidian quarry sites in the central highlands of

Japan， and Sanukite (andesite-like rock) quarry sites on the northern foot of the Nijosan hill on the

Osaka"Nara border. The problem orientations of these empirical studies are two"fold: 1) to grasp

interactions between quarry sites and camp sites a production"consumption relationship to expand

our understanding about lithic reduction sequences that took place at different sites; and 2) to

investigate exchange and trade of lithics and the raw materials based on their spatial distributions，

in order to approach social relationships among different human groups. Both are crucial to our

understanding prehistoric human behaviors. Whichever direction a scholar takes， it is in any case

essential to understand methods of procurement of raw material rocks.

11. Archaeological Investigations at the Takayama Obsidian Mine Sites in the Central

Highlands of Japan

To our understanding about obsidian procurement methods， Meiji University's long-term，

systematic investigations at the Takayama obsidian盟国esites in the central highlands of Japan have

made considerable contributions (:fig.l) • Topographically， the sites are situated in a basin， with the

Takayama stream running east"west (五g.2). Along the stream are large"scale production camps of

Late Paleolithic blades and points (五g.3) . On the northern slope of the basin are Late Paleolithic

point production campus and most notably a series of pits dug to acquire or “mine" underground

secondary deposits of obsidian during several chronological phases of the Jomon Period. While we

have not yet determined the primary outcrops of obsidian， our excavations at two neighboring Late

Paleolithic sites have yielded highly noteworthy results.

111. Two Distinctive Methods of Obsidian Procurement at Stone Sources Sites

The results come from excavations of the Stratum 3c with the assemblage predominantly

characterized by points in the 2001 Main Excavation Unit of the Takayama sites situated on the

northern slope of the basin and from excavations at the Locality S of the Takayama No. 1 site along

the Takayama stream (五g.3) .

This report of target on site， Takayama No.1 site， Locality S and 2001 main excavation unit is

Paleolithic site， both of spear-point industry.

At丑rst，Outline of excavation of site and assemblage at locality S. This si旬 islocated Takayama

nO.1 site in basin. This assemblage is excavated企omlayer m a. and pebble cluster with hearth (五g.4)

. We excavated about over17， 000 lithic. Most of the assemblage is debitage result of production

spear points too. And， nodule of obsidian (raw material) we excavated about 1600. It is 10percent in

148


assemblage. Apoint everything is symmetrical (:fig.5) .

Next， Outline of excavation of site and assemblage at 2001 main excavation unit. This site is

located hoshikuso touge pass. And this assemblage is excavated from 3c layer upper (五g.6) . We

called stratum 3c. It is :first time 1 excavate Paleolithic site. We excavated about 4， 000 lithic. Most of

the assemblage is debitage result of production spear points. And， nodule of obsidian (raw materiaI)

. About 100 we excavated. A point everything is unsymmetrical (:fig.7) .

There are different from spear point form (symmericallunsymmetrical) and site located (basinl

pass) .

IV. Analysis:Comparison of raw material between Locality 5 and Stratum 3c

Obsidian nodules with no evidence of丑akingat all comprise nearly half of the lithic assemblage

企omthe former excavation. The weight of individual nodules considerably varies from one nodule

to another (fig.8，9，10) . On the quite contrary， the great majority of the nodules excavated at

the Locality S retain evidence of flaking a few times. The most of the weight of the nodules at the

Locality S are more or less the same.

V. Conclusion

• The weight of individual nodules considerably varies 金0血 stratu血 3cnodule to Locality S.

• This indicates that the nodules at the Locality S were standardized; maybe prehistoric tool-

makers selected nodules.

This indicates that the nodules at the Locality S were standardized; prehistoric tool-makers

selected nodules. This was probably not the case at all in the 2001 Main Excavation Unit. It remains

to be explained why such differences emerged at two neighboring camps.

Reference

Ambiru，Masao 1991 Kokuyouseki.gensanchi iseki no seikaku[Characteristic of Obsidian Resources Site].Nagano.ken

Chiisaga ta .gun naga to・machiTakayama Isekigun 11 [Nagano， Takaya皿 aSites 11 Sources of Obsidian in the Preceramic AgeJ

118・126，TheTakayama Sites Research Group.

Ambiru，Masao 2003 Kokuyouseki to koukogaku.kokuyouseki koukogaku no naritachHArchaeology and Obsidian-Structure

and Formation of Obsidian Archaeology. ].SUNDAI SHIGAI{U 100:147-172

Ambiru，Masao et a1. 2003 Takayama iseki-gun hosikuso・tougeni okeru kyusekki jidai no hakkutsu tyousa LArchaeological

Research and Study of Obsidian Sources Takayama Site Cluster at Hoshikuso Pass].Kokuyouseki bunka kenkyu[The

Bul1etin of Meiji University Center for Obsidian and Lithic Studiesl 2:47.77

Iida，Shigeo 2006 Yarisakigata'sentouki no shutsugen to Shibukawa iseki no sayuhitaisyokei -yarisakigatasentoukilOrigin of

149


Spear Point and Unsymmetrical Form Spear Point of SHIBUKAWA Site]" SUNDAI SHIGAKU 128:21・43

Iida，Shigeo・Inoue，To.mohiro2006 Dai 123 gou.saikutsushi 3c sou jobu burokku syutsudo no sayuuhitaisyoukei"

yarisakigatasentouki[Analysis about Unsymmetrical Form Spear Point of Excavated 2001 main excavation unit Stratum

3c].Kokuyouseki bunka kenkyu{The Bul1etin of Mejji University Center for Obsidian and Lithic Sれ2diesJ4:3・22

Takayama Sites Research Group 1989 Nagano"ken Chiisagata"gun nagato・machiTakayama Isekigun 1 [Nagano， Takayama

Sites 1 Sources of Obsidian in the Preceramic AgeJ "


Sites II Sources of Obsidian in the Preceramic Age] "


Sites 111 -the Archaeological Research and Study of Obsidian Sources Site Cluster and Jomon Obsidian QuarriesJ"

Takayama Sites Research Group 2000 Nagano"ken Chiisagata"gun nagato・machiTakayama Isekigun IV{Nagano， Takayama

Sites 1V -the Archaeological Research and Study of Jomon Obsidian QuarriesJ，

Takayama Sites Research Group 2001 Nagano"ken Chiisagata"gun nagato・machiTakayama Isekigun V[Nagano， Takayama

Sites V -Study of Obsidian Mine and Quarry Sites at the Hosikuso Pass in the Central High1and of Japan， Reports of

Archaeologicallnvestiga主ionson 1998，1999 SeasonsJ.

150

• Paleolithic Site (small)

o JomonS恒 (small)

機 Distributionof Obsidian of Ground

o Marsh

O


Fig.1 Locations of Obsidian Sour仁esin仁entralHighland

Fig.2 Composition ofTakayama Site Cluster

151

O -==圃闘IC:コ

⑧

ζ〉 05cm


。的① 01st Mining pit ① 2001 Main Excavation Unit Layer3c.U

間ioむl〈こ〉

⑤ NO.1 Depression

z⑨

時(時的動d静Takayama VII Site

ζコ〈二〉

ζ二〉Loc.S くこ〉

議合feムζ~ Loc.l U

4喜善

ζ二三O 5cm

Loc.Road

Fig.3 Spear Point Industry into Takayama Site仁luster

152

学術研究論集文学部・文学研究科

崎---"-----綱"

仁IturalLayer

E

O

1m

4m E・・E

O -Fig.4 Distribution of Ston e Artifact and Stone

6 5 4 3 2

5cm z・・・・・E・・・・E

O -

11 10 9 8 7

1 ~6 : spear point， 7・8:backedblade， 9:end scraper， 10:drill， 11 :graver

Fig.5 Stone Artifact of Takayama Loc.S Site

153


n

o

m

o

¥¥」//

Paleolithic

Cltural Layer

. .'

O 1m -Fig.6 Distribution of Ston e Artifact and Stone of 2001 Main Excavation Unit Stratum 3c Upper

O 5cm

5 6

3 4

7

1 "'6: spear point， 7:end scraper， 9:graver

Fig.7 Stone Artifacr of 2001 Main Excavation Unit Stratum 3c Upper

154


Type A (ba 11: shape)

Type B -1 (board shpe)

Type B ・2(pole shape)

50

40

C1J

E 30 コC

C1J 4コ

20

10

20

15

glO C

5

O

Fig.8 Class行日tionof Raw Material

Loc.S = Raw Materiar (N=285)

Type A (N=175， mean=90.7g)

ー王ト-Type B・1(N=76， mean=68.8g)

-o-ー TypeB-2 (N=34， mean=87.4g)

-40g -60g -80g ~100g ~120g -140g ~160g ~180g ~200g ~250g 250.1g

weight

Stratum 3c:U : Ra;wM~回i'all (lN>=lS8;)，

U)ij;le A (JNヒ79¥mean=117.0g)

-cトー TypeB-1 (N=43， mean=72.1g)

mean=69.5g)

~40g ~60g ~80g ~100g ~120g ~140g ~160g ~180g ~200g ~250g250. 1g~

weight

日g.9仁omparisonof Raw Material Weight

155


Loc.S : Raw Material (N=60)

~ 30 QJ

iコE コc

明く〉田 TypeA (N=27. mean=81.5g)

-cト・ TypeB-1 (N=27. mean=53.7g)

--L.￥ー TypeB-2 (N=6. mean=66.7g)

-40g -60g -80g -100g -120g -140g -160g -180g -200g -250g 250.1g weight

50 円

udnH

b氏コu

aH

戸、什

u』

Ht

W

2u r

aL +目、2

u

M

W

2u

R川町n

u

rコ「4

c=

ON

lLft

40・一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一--一一一一一-ーー一一一一一一 Type A (N=l48. mean=92.6g)

20

国王ト圃 TypeB-l (N=49. mean=77.1g)

-t:::r-Type B-2 (N= 11. mean=60.6g)

10

。-40g -60g -80g -100g -120g -140g -160g -180g -200g -250g 250.1g

weight

Stratum 3cU : Raw Material (N=109)

15

10

4aE コJ

E 5

。-40g -60g

~ 10 QJ

4コE 二3c

5

TypeA (N=52. mean=116.2g)

-cトー TypeB-l (N=31. mean=72.8gl

-80g -100g -120g -140g -160g -180g -200g -250g 250.1g

weight

Stratum 3仁U: Raw Material with little

f1aking (N=49)

15 一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一 TypeA (N=27. mean=117.6g)

ー王子・ TypeB-l (N=12. mean=66.6g)

四o-Type B-2 (N= 1 O. mean=67.2g)

O

-40g -60g -80g -100g -120g -140g -160g -180g -200g -250g 250.1g

weight

Fig.10仁omparisonof Raw Material and Raw Material with Little Flaking

156

a study on stone sources sites in central highlands...

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