ACTIVEACTIVEAND AND

PASSIVE VOICEPASSIVE VOICE

المبني للمعلوم والمبني للمجهولالمبني للمعلوم والمبني للمجهول

SubjectSubject verbverb object object (active)(active)

object object verbverb subject subject (passive)(passive)

SubjectSubject verbverb object object (active)(active)

object object verbverb subject subject (passive)(passive)

Study this exampleStudy this example::

EverybodyEverybody drinksdrinks waterwater. (active). (active)

WaterWater is drunkis drunk by by everybodyeverybody. (passive). (passive)

SOME IMPORTANT HINTSSOME IMPORTANT HINTS

In sentences written in active In sentences written in active voice, the subject performs the voice, the subject performs the action expressed in the verb; action expressed in the verb; the subject acts.the subject acts.في الجمل المبنية للمعلوم يقوم الفاعل بالفعل في الجمل المبنية للمعلوم يقوم الفاعل بالفعل

II sawsaw a good film . a good film .

In sentences written in passive voice, In sentences written in passive voice, the subject receives the action the subject receives the action expressed in the verb; the subject is expressed in the verb; the subject is acted upon. The agent performing acted upon. The agent performing the action may appear in a "by the action may appear in a "by the . . ." phrase or may be omitted.the . . ." phrase or may be omitted.

في الجمل المبنية للمجهول يتقدم المفعول به في الجمل المبنية للمجهول يتقدم المفعول به ليصبح نائب فاعل ( الذي قام بالفعل ليصبح نائب فاعل ( الذي قام بالفعل

محذوف ) محذوف )

The car The car was paintedwas painted yesterday. yesterday.

You can recognize passive-voice expressions You can recognize passive-voice expressions because the verb phrase will always include a because the verb phrase will always include a

form of form of bebe, such as, such as

amam, , isis, , waswas, , werewere, , areare, or , or beenbeen. + . + P.P.P.P.

The presence of a The presence of a bebe-verb, however, does not -verb, however, does not necessarily mean that the sentence is in passive necessarily mean that the sentence is in passive voice. Another way to recognize passive-voice voice. Another way to recognize passive-voice

sentences is that they may include asentences is that they may include a "by"by the...“the...“

phrase after the verb;phrase after the verb;The agent performing the action, if named, is The agent performing the action, if named, is the object of the preposition in this phrase.the object of the preposition in this phrase.

Choosing Active VoiceChoosing Active Voice

In most nonscientific writing situations, In most nonscientific writing situations, active voice is preferable to passive for active voice is preferable to passive for the majority of your sentences.the majority of your sentences.

يستحسن استخدام الجمل المبنية للمجهول في يستحسن استخدام الجمل المبنية للمجهول في الكتابات العلمية والجمل المبنية للمعلوم في غيرهاالكتابات العلمية والجمل المبنية للمعلوم في غيرها

1. The message 1. The message was writtenwas written by by Ahmed. (passive)Ahmed. (passive)

Ahmed Ahmed wrotewrote the message . the message . (active)(active)

2. The ball 2. The ball has been pumpedhas been pumped. . (passive)(passive)

I I have pumpedhave pumped the ball the ball. (active). (active)

Choosing Passive VoiceChoosing Passive Voice

Passive voice makes sense when the agent Passive voice makes sense when the agent performing the action is obvious, performing the action is obvious, unimportant, or unknown or when a writer unimportant, or unknown or when a writer wishes to postpone mentioning the agent wishes to postpone mentioning the agent until the last part of the sentence or to until the last part of the sentence or to avoid mentioning the agent at all. The avoid mentioning the agent at all. The passive voice is effective in such passive voice is effective in such circumstances because it highlights the circumstances because it highlights the action and what is acted upon rather than action and what is acted upon rather than the agent performing the action.the agent performing the action.

يصبح استخدام المبني للمجهول الزاميا عندما يصبح استخدام المبني للمجهول الزاميا عندما يكون الفاعل مجهوال او غير مهميكون الفاعل مجهوال او غير مهم

Cotton Cotton is grownis grown in in Egypt.Egypt.

Changing active to Changing active to passivepassive

If you want to change an active-voice If you want to change an active-voice sentence to passive voice, consider sentence to passive voice, consider carefully who or what is performing the carefully who or what is performing the action expressed in the verb, and then action expressed in the verb, and then make that agent the object of a "by make that agent the object of a "by the..." phrase. Make what is acted upon the..." phrase. Make what is acted upon the subject of the sentence, and change the subject of the sentence, and change the verb to the verb to

a form of a form of bebe + past participle + past participle. . في حالة تغيير الجملة من المبني للمعلوم الى في حالة تغيير الجملة من المبني للمعلوم الى   

المبني للمجهول يجب تعيين المفعول به ليصبح نائب المبني للمجهول يجب تعيين المفعول به ليصبح نائب احد افعال الكينونة + احد افعال الكينونة + ::فاعل ثم يصاغ الفعل من فاعل ثم يصاغ الفعل من

التصريف الثالث للفعل.التصريف الثالث للفعل.

في حالة تغيير الجملة من المبني للمجهول الى في حالة تغيير الجملة من المبني للمجهول الى المبني للمعلوم يجب تعيين الفاعل ثم تغيير ما يلزم المبني للمعلوم يجب تعيين الفاعل ثم تغيير ما يلزم تغييره في الفعل حسب الزمن مع استنتاج الفاعل تغييره في الفعل حسب الزمن مع استنتاج الفاعل

االصلي للفعل .االصلي للفعل .

1. The book 1. The book is being readis being read by my sister. by my sister.

My sister My sister is readingis reading the book. the book.

2. The papers 2. The papers will be correctedwill be corrected..

Our teacher Our teacher will correctwill correct the papers. the papers.

Active or Passive QuizActive or Passive Quiz

Click on Active or Passive.Click on Active or Passive.

11

I ate a piece of chocolate cake.I ate a piece of chocolate cake.

ActivActivee

ActivActivee

PassivPassivee

PassivPassivee

22

The teacher read the book to the The teacher read the book to the students. students.

ActivActivee

ActivActivee

PassivPassivee

PassivPassivee

33

The car was stolen.The car was stolen.

ActivActivee

ActivActivee

PassivPassivee

PassivPassivee

44

They are paid on Fridays.They are paid on Fridays.

ActivActivee

ActivActivee

PassivPassivee

PassivPassivee

55

The movie is being made in Algeria.The movie is being made in Algeria.

ActivActivee

ActivActivee

PassiPassiveve

PassiPassiveve

66

I washed my car three weeks ago.I washed my car three weeks ago.

ActivActivee

ActivActivee

PassiPassiveve

PassiPassiveve

77

His hair was cut by a professional.His hair was cut by a professional.

ActivActivee

ActivActivee

PassivPassivee

PassivPassivee

88

I will introduce you to him this week.I will introduce you to him this week.

ActivActivee

ActivActivee

PassivPassivee

PassivPassivee

99

He has been paid on the weekend.He has been paid on the weekend.

ActivActivee

ActivActivee

PassivPassivee

PassivPassivee

1010

It is being painted by our teacher.It is being painted by our teacher.

ActivActivee

ActivActivee

PassiPassiveve

PassiPassiveve

ExamplesExamplesfrom the from the

BaccalaureateBaccalaureate

Complete sentence (b) so that it means Complete sentence (b) so that it means the same as sentence (a).the same as sentence (a).

a. Everyday we see something new in the a. Everyday we see something new in the papers.papers.

b. Something ……………………b. Something ……………………

new is seen in the papers every day.new is seen in the papers every day.

a. Some parents teach their a. Some parents teach their children at home.children at home.

b. Some children ………………b. Some children ………………

are taught at home by some parents.are taught at home by some parents.

a. People gain knowlege from a. People gain knowlege from various sources.various sources.

b. Knowlege………………b. Knowlege………………

is gained from various sources by is gained from various sources by people.people.

a. Athletic shoes have driven a. Athletic shoes have driven teenagers mad.teenagers mad.

b. Teenagers b. Teenagers ………………………………………………

have been driven mad by athletic shoes.have been driven mad by athletic shoes.

a. Manufacturers often spend large a. Manufacturers often spend large sums of money on advertisements.sums of money on advertisements.

b. Large sums of b. Large sums of money .................money .................

are often spent on advertisements.are often spent on advertisements.

a. Medical research will a. Medical research will eradicate many diseases.eradicate many diseases.b. Many diseases b. Many diseases ……

will be eradicated by researchers.will be eradicated by researchers.