saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia

#6, marti, 2018

u w y e b e b iena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba _ ojaxi, zneoba, tradicia

codna, ganaTleba, ganswavla _ erTguleba, siyvaruli, Tanadgoma

a k a d e m i i s

Sinaarsi:irakli kovzanaZe _ interviuzurab abaSiZe _ qarTuli encik-

lopediaakademiis stumrebi _ akademiis

stumari didi britaneTidanamgdarni _ kalistrate salia nino saliaJurnali _ `bedi qarTlisa~

ekonomikis sferoSi arse-bul viTarebasa da ekonomikur perspeqtivebze „interpres-niusi“ parlamentis safinan-so-sabiujeto komitetis Tav-mjdomares, irakli kovzanaZes esaubra.

_ batono irakli, vidre qveynis ekonomikur perspeqtivebze da dRevandel mdgomareobaze visaubrebT, iqneb saubari imiT dagvewyo Tu rogori iyo 2017 weli saqarTvelos ekonomikisaTvis? ra ekonomikuri miRwevebi da gamowvevebi hqonda gasul wels qveyanas?

- SeiZleba iTqvas rom, sa-qar Tvelom 2017 weli arc Tu urigo ekonomikuri SedegebiT daasrula. modiT gadavxedoT monacemebs:

• mSp-s realuri zrda, Tav-dapirveli gegmiT gaTvalis-winebuli 4%-is nacvlad, winas-wari monacemebiT 4.8% gvaqvs;

• mimdinare angariSis de-ficiti 12%-dan 7%-mde Sem-cirda;

• turizmi gaizarda 28%-iT;• eqsporti gaizarda 29%-iT;• biujetis deficiti Sem-

cirda mSp-s 3%-mde;• saxelmwifo biujetis Se-

mosulobebis gegma Sesrule-bulia 101%-iT (131 mln. laris gadaWarbebiT), maT Soris, saga-dasaxado Semosavlebis geg ma Sesrulebulia 100.1%-iT (11.3 mln. laris gadaWarbebiT);

• biujetis gadasaxdelebis gegma Sesrulebulia 100%-iT

cudi Sedegebi namdvilad araa, Tumca mmarTvel gunds mTlianobaSi am mimarTulebiT meti ambicia gvaqvs.

ZiriTadi problema, rac Cvens ekonomikas 2017 wlis manZilze axasiaTebda, iyo in-flacia, 6.7%, nacvlad gegmi-uri 4%-isa, da laris kursi, romelic wlis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovani ryevebiT xasi-aTdeboda.

aseve seriozuli proble-maa umuSevrobis done, mosax-leobis Semosavlebis simwire da ekonomikis maRali dolar-izacia. merwmuneT, rom ara dolarizaciis aseTi maRali done, saqarTvelos mosaxle-obisaTvis laris devalvaciac ar iqneboda aseTi mtkivneuli.

Tqven rogorc parlamentis safinansosabiujeto komitetis Tavmjdomare 2017 wlis ganmavlobaSi ganxorcielebuli reformebidan romels gamoyofdiT?

- ekonomikuri reforme-bis TvalsazrisiT 2017 weli

mniSvnelovani iyo ramodenime mimarTulebiT.

• mogebis gadavadebuli gadasaxadi, anu e.w. ,,estonu-ri modeli“ _ xelisuflebis mier inicirebuli es reforma biznesis xelSewyobas da sti-mulirebas emsaxureba. man ukve gamoiRo Sedegi, sami kvartlis monacemebiT (wlis monaceme-bi jer ar gvaqvs) pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis rein-vestirebis komponentSi zrda daaxloebiT 500 mln. lars Seadgens. Tumca es ar aris saboloo Sedegi, reformis efeqti da sikeTe srulad rom davinaxoT, kidev daaxloebiT 2 weli iqneba saWiro.

• depozitebis dazRvevis sistema _ minda avRniSno, rom depozitebis dazRvevis sistemis SemoRebis inicia-tiviT me jer kidev 2005-2006 wlebSi gamovdiodi, magram samwuxarod, im etapze kanon-proeqti subieqturi mizeze-bis gamo ar iqna mxardaWerili. 2017 wlisaTvis saqarTvelo erTaderTi qveyana iyo aR-mosavleT evropasa da mTels postsabWoTa sivrceSi, ro-

saqarTvelos parlamentis safinanso-sabiujeto komitetis Tav-mjdomaris irakli kovzanaZis intervium interpresniusis warmo-madgenel koba bendelianTan saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul akademiaSi cxoveli yuradReba miiqcia. aqedan gamomdinare, gadawyda misi gadmobeWdva akademiis gamocema uwyebebSi.

irakli kovzanaZe saqarTvelos parlamentis safinansosabiujeto komitetis Tavmjdomare

Cven gvWirdeba globaluri xedva, araordinaruli midgomebi da fundamentaluri cvlilebebi

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i2

melsac depozitebis dazRve-va ar gaaCnda. 2018 wlidan es sistema CvenTanac amoqmedda, Tumca Tavis droze rom momx-dariyo misi implementacia, dRes dazRveuli gveqnebo-da ara mxolod 5 000 laram-de depozitebi, aramed es niSnuli gacilebiT maRali iqneboda. depozitebis daz-Rvevis sistema, erTis mxriv, uzrunvelyofs meanabreTa da nazogebis usafrTxoebas, meo res mxriv ki uzrunvel-yofs bankebis mimarT ndo-bas, icavs maT ryevebisagan da zrdis sabanko seqtoris (da Sesabamisad mTlianad safinan-so sistemis) stabilurobas, aqedan gamomdinare ekonomi-kuri efeqtebiT. me araerT-xel miTqvams, rom adeqvaturi fulad-sakredito (monetaru-li) politika, mkacri sabanko zedamxedveloba da qmediTi depozitebis dazRvevis siste-ma safinanso seqtoris mdgra-dobis sami umniSvnelovanesi mdgenelia.

• sadazRvevo bazari _ am mimarTulebiTac garkveu-li nabijebi iqna gadadgmuli rogorc dazRvevis zedamxed-velobis saxelmwifo samsa-xuris gaZlierebis, aseve sa-valdebulo dazRvevis rigi mimarTulebebis amoqmedebis kuTxiT (magaliTad, ucxo sa-xelmwifoSi registrirebuli satransporto saSualebebis mflobelebis, aseve masob-rivi TavSeyris obieqtebis mflobelTa samoqalaqo pa-suxismgeblobis savaldebulo dazRveva). msgavsi mimarTule-bebi mniSvnelovania rogorc sadazRvevo bazris ganviTare-bis, aseve riskebis minimi-zaciis da grZelvadiani sain-vesticio resursebis Seqmnis mimarTulebiT. es mimarTule-ba realurad exla iwyebs gan-viTarebas.

• sabanko da arasabanko sakredito sistemis zedamxed-velobis gamkacreba _ sazoga-

doebaSi wlebia gamoiTqmeboda ukmayofilebebi komerciul bankebis mier araprofiluri aqtivebis flobis, e.w. ,,sa-banko holdingebis“ saqmiano-bis da ,,piramidis“ principiT momuSave sxvadasxva kompa-niebis kuTxiT. 2017 wlis bo-los saqarTvelos erovnul banks sakanonmdeblo doneze, uSualod komerciuli banke-bis zedamxedvelobis garda, mieca sruli uflebamosileba kidev sami mimarTulebiT, e.w. ,,sabanko holdingebis“ (m.S. me nejmentis gadawyvetilebe-bis efeqtianobis), finansuri jgufebis da arasabanko sa-kredito dawesebulebebis re-gulireba-zedamxedvelobis ku T xiT. seb-s mieca yvela ber ketebi da daekisra sruli pasuxismgebloba am sferoSi wesrigis dasamyareblad da es procesi ukve daiwyo.

• kapitalis bazari _ ka-pitalis bazris reformis, ufro swored ki kapitalis bazris formirebis mimar-TulebiT ZiriTadi RonisZie-bebi 2018 wlis ganmavlobaSi unda ganxorcieldes, Tumca gasul 2017 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobis iniciativiT parla-mentma wilobrivi (anu aqciebi) da sasesxo (anu saxazino val-debulebebi da saxelmwifo Tu korporatiuli obligaciebi) fasian qaRaldebiT miRebu-li Semosavlebi gaaTavisufla dabegvrisagan. am cvlilebiT moxda fasiani qaRaldebis dabegvris reJimis gaTanabre-ba sabanko depozitebTan, rac fasiani qaRaldebis bazris ganviTarebis gzaze win ga-dadgmuli mniSvnelovani nabi-jia.

_ miuxedavad im Sedegebisa, razec Tqven isaubreT, saqarTvelos mosaxleoba sakuTar Tavze, jibeze ver grZnobs ukeTesobas. risi bralia es? ratom ar aisaxeba mosaxleobis yofaze statistikurad pozitiuri es Sedegebi?

_ ekonomikuri zrda miza-nia imdenad, ramdenadac misi Sedegebi unda aisaxos sazo-gadoebis TiToeuli wevris keTildReobaze. anu Cveni mi-zani inkluziuri zrdaa. aR-niSnuls garkveuli dro sWir-deba. Tumca aris konkretuli faqtorebi ris gamoc arsebu-li ekonomikuri zrda pirda-pir, myisier da adeqvatur asaxvas ver poulobs Cveni Ta-namoqalaqeebis Semosavlebze.

erTia, rom Cven gvWirdeba kidev ufro meti ekonomikuri zrda, magram amasTanave mniS-vnelovani negatiuri faqto-ri saqarTvelos ekonomikis maRali dolarizaciaa. miuxe-davad imisa rom bolo wlis ganmavlobaSi, saqarTvelos mTav robis da erovnuli ban kis mier gatarebuli RonisZie-bebis Sedegad, dolarizaci-is maCvenebeli Semcirda, igi mainc maRali rCeba (2017 wlis gan mavlobaSi depozitebis do larizacia Semcirda 71%-dan 66%-mde, sesxebis dola-rizacia ki _ 65%-dan 57%-mde).

aq gansakuTrebiT mniS-vnelovania, rom fizikur pirebis sesxebis daaxloebiT naxevari ucxour valutaSia, Semosavali ki aqvT larSi. es niSnavs rom bolo wlebis gan-mavlobaSi laris daaxloebiT 70%-iani devalvaciis pirobeb-Si maT sesxebis momsaxureobis xarji 70%-iT gaezardaT.

magaliTad, Tu pirovnebas aqvs 1 700 lari Semosavali da aqvs sesxi ucxour valutaSi, vTqvaT aSS dolarSi, romlis momsaxureobac mas yovelTvi-urad 500 dolari ujdeba, am 500 aSS dolaris SesaZenad mas devalvaciamde sWirdeboda 850 lari, darCenil 850 lars ki sakuTari saWiroebebisaTvis xarjavda. devalvaciis Semdeg misi Semosavali larSi ucvle-li darCa, xolo igive sesxis yovelTviuri 500 dolariT momsaxureba mas ukve 1 300 laris farglebSi ujdeba.

#6, marti, 2018 3

mas ar SeuZlia sesxs ar moemsaxuros, ipoTekaSi aqvs bina, uZravi qoneba an raime sxva aqtivi. Sesabamisad, iZu-lebulia Seamciros sakuTari moxmareba, anu xarjebi kve-baze, tansacmelze, sxva sa-yofacxovrebo saWiroebebze, garTobaze da a.S. rac, buneb-rivia, mZime tvirTad awveba mas. meore mxriv ki es mTlia-nobaSi amcirebs gadaxdisuna-rian moTxovnas da negatiurad moqmedebs ekonomikur zrdaze.

ra ZiriTadi prioritetebi aqvs saxelmwifos 2018 wels safinansoekonomikuri kuTxiT da ra gamowvevebTan SeiZleba gvqondes saqme 2018 wels?

mmarTveli gundis da mTav-robis prioritetebi eko-no mikuri kuTxiT ramdenime mi mar TulebiT SeiZleba da-vaj gufoT:

• sivrciTi mowyobis, in-frastruqturuli ganviTa-rebis da biznesis stimuli-rebis mimarTulebiT 2018 wels saxelmwifo daxarjavs daaxloebiT 4 mlrd. lars. es niSnavs ara mxolod gaum-jobesebul inrastruqturas da qalaqsa da regionebs So-ris gansxvavebis aRmofxvras, aramed ramdenime aTeul aTas damatebiT samuSao adgils da ekonomikuri zrdis daCqare-bis xelsewyobas.

• sapensio reforma - ,,dagrovebiTi pensiis“ Se-moReba saqarTveloSi gaTval-iswinebulia 2018 wlis mesame kvartlidan da igi iTvalis-winebs dasaqmebulis, damsaqme-blis da saxelmwifos monawi-leobas sapensio Senatanis ganxorcielebis sqemaSi. es ar aris martivi reforma. mok-led vityvi, mTavrobis prog-noziT, dagrovebiTi pensiis implementacia biujetis saSe-mosavlo nawils daaxloebiT 40 mln. lariT Seamcirebs, sa-biujeto xarjebs ki gazrdis daaxloebiT 150 mln. lariT. Tumca es aucilebeli da um-

niSvnelovanesi aqti iqneba socialuri pasuxismgeblobis gadanawilebis da grZelvadi-an perspeqtivaSi, erTis mxriv pensionerTa uzrunvelyofis, meores mxriv ki qveyanaSi sa-investicio resursis axali wyaros formirebis da kapi-talis bazris gaaqtiurebis mimarTulebiT;

• kapitalis bazris refor-ma _ am mimarTulebiTac gar-kveuli siaxleebis danerva igegmeba. sakanonmdeblo cvl-ilebebi TanxvedraSi iqneba mowinave saerTaSoriso gamoc-dilebasa da Tavisufali baz-ris principebTan. kapitalis bazris reformebis mdgeneli, aseve iqneba sapensio reforma da sadazRvevo bazris srul-yofa, razec me zemoT visau-bre. Sedegad Cven unda mivi-RoT dinamiuri safondo da kapitalis bazari, romelic Tavisi masStabebiT da TamaSis wesebiT iqneba sabanko sistemis konkurenti, rogorc finansu-ri resursebis mozidvis, aseve danazogebis ganTavsebis mimar-TulebiT. ufro gasagebad rom vTqva, dRes Tu finansuri re-sursi gvWirdeba _ ZiriTadi wyaro komerciuli bankebia, Tu gvaqvs finansuri resursi _ misi ganTavsebis ZiriTadi wyaro aseve sabanko sitemaa. kapitalis bazris reformis Sedegad ki iqmneba diversifik-aciis SesaZlebloba da fasiani qaRaldebis bazari mis jansaR alternativad iqceva.

• dRg-s zedmetobis avto-matur reJimSi dabruneba _ aseve mniSvnelovani sakiTxia. es aris daaxloebiT 500-600 mln. lari weliwadSi, romel-ic kompaniebisaTvis praqtiku-lad ,,gayinuli“ da garkveuli periodi brunvidan amovard-nili iyo. avtomatur reJimSi misi biznesisaTvis dabruneba xels Seuwyobs maTi aqtivobis zrdas da gafarToebas.

rac Seexeba SekiTxvis meo-re nawils, 2018 wlis ZiriT-

ad safinanso-ekonomikur ga-mowvevebs, aq me pirvel rigSi kvlav dasaqmebas, laris kur-sis ryevas da Cveni ZiriTad savaWro partniori qveynebis ekonomikur mdgomareobas da-va saxelebdi.

mTlianobaSi Cven gvWir-deba ara mxolod mimdinare problemebze koncentrireba, aramed araordinaruli mid-gomebi, ekonomikis Zireuli restruqturizacia da insti-tucionaluri cvlilebe bi, raTa SevqmnaT fundamenti mo-mavali aTwleulebis ganmav-lobaSi swrafi da mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis, imisaTvis rom saqarTvelom daimkvidros Rirseuli adgili msoflio ekonomikur sivrceSi.

_ Tqven axseneT araordinaruli midgomebi, dargo brivi restruqturizacia, Zi re uli institucionaluri cvlilebebi. Tu SeiZleba uf ro farTod rom gviTxraT Tqveni xedvebis Sesaxeb am mimarTulebiT?

me vfiqrob, rom proble-mebi romlebic aferxebs Cveni ekonomikis kidev ufro swraf, mdgrad da rac mTavaria in-kluziur ganviTarebas ufro Rrma, globaluri, fundamen-taluri da institucionaluri xasiaTisaa vidre yoveldRiu-ri, amwuTieri problemebi. me ramodenimes gamovyof. esenia:

• ekonomikis dargobrivi struqtura _ dRes saqarTve-los ekonomikis dargobrivi struqtura dabalkonkuren-tulia da ver pasuxobs saxelmwifos da sazogadoe-bis Tanamedrove moTxovnebs da gamowvevebs. Cveni samomx-mareblo bazari TiTqmis 3/4-iT damokidebulia importze, sazRvargareTul saqonelze, Sesabamisad ekonomikis umniS-vnelovanesi dargi aris vaW-roba (mSp-s daaxloebiT 16%), arasakmarisadaa warmodgenili mrewveloba (mSp-s daaxloebiT 17%) da momsaxureobis seqto-ri. ase Cven Sors ver wavalT,

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i4

ufro metic ase saqarTvelos ekonomika verasodes daZlevs im CamorCenas romelic dRes gvaqvs evropis qveynebTan. dRes xelisufleba cdi-lobs waaxalisos eqsporti, gvaqvs eqsportis mxardaWe-ris programebi, igegmeba rigi RonisZiebebi, magram ufro mar tivi da amavdroulad uf ro iafi iqneboda impor-tis Canacvlebis mxardaWera, makro ekonomikuri efeqti ki igive gveqneboda da Tanac Ce-mis, azriT ufro swrafad.

• soflis meurneoba da miwis reforma _ umniSvnelo-vanesi sakiTxia. soflis meur-neobaSi, sadac dasaqmebulia Cveni mosaxleobis daaxloe-biT 45%, iqmneba mSp-s mxolod daaxloebiT 9% da miuxedavad ukanaskneli wlebis ganmav-lobaSi saxelmwifos mxridan am dargis uprecendento fi-nansuri mxardaWerisa, soflis meurneobis xvedriTi wili mSp-Si mcirdeba. TavisTavad xvedriTi wilis Semcireba problemas ar warmoadgens, germaniaSi soflis meurneobis wili mSp-Si daxloebiT 0.8%-ia, aSS-Si _ 1.2%, safrangeT-Si _ 1.8%, TurqeTSi _ 28%, bulgareTSi _ 30%. mTavaria gamoSveba, anu soflis meur-neobaSi Seqmnili produqciis moculoba. Cven Tanamedrove codna da teqnologiebi praq-tikulad ar gvaqvs am seq-torSi, Sromis nayofiereba Zalian dabalia. kidev erTi mizezi, dReisaTvis fizikuri pirebis sasoflo-sameurneo nakveTebis saSualo farTo-bia 1.2 heqtari, xolo savar-gulebis udidesi nawili jer-ac saxelmwifos xelSia da amovardnilia kvlavwarmoebis procesidan. aseT viTareba-Si konkurentunariani pro-duqciis warmoebaze laparaki warmoudgenelia. miwa maqsi-malurad unda gadavides ker-Zo mesakuTris xelSi (calkeu-li gamonaklisebis garda),

fermeruli meurneobebi ki unda gamsxvildes. sxvanairad soflis-meurneoba saqarTve-loSi verasodes gaxdeba si-cocxlisunariani, mzardi da warmatebuli.

• regionebs Soris ekono-mikuri uTanasworobis aR-mofxvra _ ra mdgomareoba gvaqvs am kuTxiT? Cven gvaqvs erTi Tavkombala Tbilisi, sadac koncentrirebulia mo-saxleobis daaxloebiT 35% da biznes seqtoris daaxloebiT 75% (SedarebisTvis vityvi: niu-iorkis wili aSS-s ekonom-kaSi 9%-ia, londonis wili didi britaneTis ekonomikaSi _ 22%, tokios wili iaponiis ekonomikaSi _ 32%, erevanze somxeTis ekonomikis 41% mo-dis). kidev erTi paradoqsi, TbilisSi umuSevrobis done oficialuri statistikis Se-sabamisad daaxloebiT 21%-ia, soflad ki _ 5%(!), Tumca realurad xom yvelam viciT, rom regionebSi mosaxleobis cxovrebis da Semosavlebis done mkveTrad dabalia da swored amitom TiTqmis yvela cdilobs Camovides da rame-nairad dasaqmdes TbilisSi.

• urbanizacia _ isev Tav-kombala Tbilisi. aris aseve baTumi, sadac adgili aqvs mosaxleobis da ekonomiku-ri aqtivobis zrdas. aqtivo-bis mciredi zrda SeimCneva quTaisSic. es Zalian seriozu-li Semaferxebeli faqtoria rogorc ekonomikuri, aseve socialuri TvalsazrisiT. amav droulad es kompleqsu-ri da grZelvadiani sakiTxia. mogvwons Tu ara Cven, per-speqtivaSi saqarTvelo ver gaeqceva soflis mosaxle-obis Semcirebis da qalaqis mosaxleobis zrdis tenden-cias. sxvanairad Cveni qveyana konkurentunariani ver iqne-ba ara Tu globalur, aramed regionalur donezec ki. asea mTels msoflioSi (mag. aSS-Si soflad cxovrobs mosaxle-

obis daaxloebiT 18%, evro-kavSiris farglebSi _ 25%, SveicariaSi _ 26%, TurqeTSi 26%, Cvens mezobel somxeT-Si _ 37%, saqarTveloSi ki _ daaxloebiT 45%). am kuTxiT saxelmwifom unda SeimuSaos grZelvadiani strategia da Camoayalibos taqtika. unda moxdes mdgomareobis da per-speqtivis Seswavla ekonomiku-ri, socialuri, satranspor-to da sakomunikacio, Tundac demografiuli Tvalsazri siT da a.S. raTa moxdes identi-fikacia im qalaqebis (maga-li Tad quTaisi, zugdidi, anak lia, Telavi, gurjaani, gori, axalqalaqi) sadac Sesa-Zlebelia Seiqmnas saTanado pirobebi da gadanawildes biznesi da samuSao Zala. am mimarTulebiT SesaZlebelia, magaliTad, municipaluri sax-lebis/binebis mSenebloba da mudmiv sargeblobaSi gadace-ma, garkveuli SeRavaTebis da stimulirebis formebis Se-moReba (magaliTad, mxolod am qalaqebSi ganxorciele-bul biznes proeqtebze miwa 1 larad) da sxv.

• Tanamedrove tendencie-bidan da realobidan gamom-dinare, Cven aseve aqtiurad unda vifiqroT (da ara mxolod vifiqroT), rom saqarTvelo iqces axali teqnologiebis, cifruli da informaciu-li teqnologiebis, finansu-ri teq nologiebis, gnebavT, blok Cein teqnologiebis klas terad. am dargis cal-keul mimarTulebebs yavs ro-gorc mexotbeebi aseve mowi-naaRmdegeebi, saqarTvelos ki aqvs rogorc garkveuli upi-ratesobebi, aseve naklovane-bebic. Tumca mTlianobaSi, vfiqrob, es momavalia, 21-e saukunis teq nologiebia, jer kidev `yami ria“ da aq saqarT-velom sakuTari niSa, adgili droulad unda daimkvidros.

• saqarTvelos xelis-ufleba aqtiurad muSaobs,

#6, marti, 2018 5

raTa saqarTvelo Camoyalib-des rogorc satransporto habi. garkveuli Sedegebi ukve saxezea. momavalSi, yarsi-axal qalaqis rkinigzis, anak-liis portis, Tbilisis da quTaisis aeroportebis per-speqtivis gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZleblobebi kidev ufro mimzidveli gaxdeba. Tumca aris erTi mimarTuleba, ro-melic vfiqrob, jer kidev yurad Rebis miRmaa. es aris saborne-satvirTo kavSi-ri Savi zRvis gavliT Cvens part nior qveynebTan (ru-mineTi, bulgareTi, ukraina). saerTa Soriso vaWrobaSi Car-Tuli pirebi da transpor-tis sferos specialistebi dameTanxmebian, rom es mniS-vnelovnad gazrdis saqarTve-los rogorc satransporto habis rols da adgils ara mxolod adgilobrivi, aramed regionaluri masStabiT. ai aseTi mimarTulebebi namd-

zurab abaSiZe

qarTuli enciklopedia

saqarTveloSi saenciklo-pedio-lesikografiul saqmi-aobas didi xnis tradicia aqvs. jer kidev Sua sauku-neebSi filosofiur-Teolo-

vilad imsaxurebs saxelmwi-fos mxridan mxardaWeras.

• kidev erTi Zalian mniS-vnelovani sakiTxi. miuxe-davad imisa rom biznesis keTebis reitingis mixed-viT saqarTvelo erT erTi yvelaze warmatebuli qveyanaa mTels msoflioSi (politiku-ri stabiluroba, korufciis da kriminalis dabali done, biznesis dawyebis simartive, dabali gadasaxadebi da sxv.) mainc SezRudulia imiT, rom calke aRebuli aris Zalian patara bazari rogorc mo-saxleobis (daaxloebiT 3.5 mln.), aseve SromiTi Zalis (daaxloebiT 1.2 mln.), ekono-mikis moculobis, erToblivi moTxovnis da a.S. Tvalsaz-risiT. bolo wlebia, saqarT-velos xelisuflebam gaafor-ma e.w. ,,Tavisufali vaWrobis xelSekrulebebi“ evrokavSir-Tan da CineTTan, mimdinare-obs muSaoba indoeTTan. es

bevrad met perspeqtivebs qmnis Cveni qveynisaTvis, ma-gram igi exeba saqonlis, mom-saxureobis da kapitalis Tav-isufal eqsports da imports da ara samuSao Zalis Tavisu-fal gadaadgilebas. mimaCnia, rom dasawyebia muSaoba zogi-erT Cvens megobar da mezobel qveyanasTan erTiani bazris Seqmnis perspeqtivebTan, Sesa-Z leblobebTan dakavSirebiT.

es Cemi mosazrebebia. me rogorc profesionals, mwams, rom Cven gvWirdeba globa-luri xedva, radikaluri, fun -damentaluri, Zireuli cvli-lebebi, sxva SemTxvevaSi Cven mudmivad vitrialebT wre ze da mudmivad visaubrebT 4%-iani ekonomikuri zrda Tu 6%-iani ekonomikuri zrda, 180 lari pensia Tu 220 lari pen-sia, laris kursi 2.6 Tu 2.4 da a.S.. es detalebia, Cven Tvi-sobrivad axal doneze gasvla gvWirdeba.

giur da saistorio-hagiog-rafiul Txzu lebebs mudam Tan erTvoda enciklopediuri xasiaTis komentari. samecnie-ro cnobebis, terminebis gan-martebani uxvad gvxvdeba ef-rem mciris, ioane petriwis, arsen iyalToelisa da sxva moRvaweTa naSromebSi.

qarTul saenciklopedio-leq sikografiuli mecnierebis ganviTarebaSi udidesi roli iTamaSa sulxan-saba orbeli-anis `qarTulma leqsikonma~. gansakuTrebuli adgili uka-via agreTve ioane batoniSvi-lis enciklopediur naSroms `kalmasobas~ (1813_28). 1898_99 wlebSi ivane rostomaSvilis redaqciiT gamovida mraval-tomeulad ganzraxuli `ru-sul-qarTuli enciklopediu-ri leqsikonis~ pirveli oTxi wigni. XX saukunis dasawyis-Si mecnierebisa da kulturis

ganviTarebis donem, erovnuli inteligenciis momZlavrebam kidev ufro TvalsaCino gaxa-da qarTuli enciklopediis Seqmnis aucilebloba. qarT-velma mecnierebma aleqsandre cagarelis, vasil petriaSvi-lisa da aleqsandre xaxanaSvi-lis meTaurobiT gadawyvites gamoecaT `saqarTvelos enci-klopedia~. Seiqmna cnobil mec nierTa da sazogdo moR-vaweTa sagangebo amxanagoba, Sedgenil iqna gamocemis vrce-li programa, magram maSin-del pirobebSi am patriotul saqmes ganxorcieleba ar ewera.

XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi didi mniSvneloba hqonda didi qarTuli sabWoTa enciklope-diis redaqciis Seqmnas. mTa-vari redaqtori iyo malaqia toroSeliZe, pasuxismgebeli mdivani _ simon yauxCiSvili. enciklopediis SeqmnaSi mona-

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i6

wileobdnen qarTuli mecnie-rebisa da kulturis korifeebi. 1933 wels mzad iyo ga mocemis sityvani. ukve erTi wlis Sem-deg redaqciam TiTqmis daas-rula I tomze muSaoba, magram Semdgom etapze Tavi iCina po-ligrafiulma da sxva saxis siZneleebma. masobrivi repre-siebi redaqciis TanamSromleb-sac Seexo. 40-iani wlebis dasaw-yisSi gamocemaze muSaoba Sewyda. SemorCenilia redaqciis arqivi (kerZod, avtorTa statiebi) da samaketod dastambuli teqstis aTiode Tabaxi. gamoCenil qar-Tvel mecnierTa mier Seqmnil saenciklopedio werilebs dRem-de ar daukargavs mecnieruli Rirebuleba (i. javaxiSvilis, k. kekeliZis, s. janaSias, g. qiqoZis da sxv. werilebi).

ganaxlebuli saxiT qarTu-li enciklopediis redaqcia 1966 wels daarsda irakli abaSiZis TaosnobiT, romelic aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi xelmZRvanelobda am saSvili-Svilo saqmes.

WeSmaritad istoriuli mni Svneloba hqonda redaqciis mier pirveli qarTuli uni-versaluri enciklopediis Tor mettomeulis gamocemas 1975-87 wlebSi (mT. redaqtori _ ir. abaSiZe, mT. redaqtoris moadgileebi _ r. metreveli, a. sayvareliZe, p/mg mdivani _

g. JorJoliani, T. xoStaria, i. vardosaniZe). mis Seqmnaze muSaobdnen gamoCenili qarT-veli mecnierebi da special-istebi. enciklopediis 80-aTa-siani tiraJi male gaiyida da raritetad iqca. igi dRemde rCeba informaciis mniSvnelo-van wyarod qarTul enaze codnis sxvadasxva sferoSi.

`qarTuli sabWoTa encik-lopediis~ bolo tomis gamo-cemis Semdeg 30 weli gavida. mas Semdeg CvenSi, da mTlianad msoflioSi, istoriuli cvli-lebebi moxda. gansakuTrebiT rTuli iyo redaqciisaTvis, iseve rogorc mTeli qveyni-saTvis, 1990-iani wlebi. Tana-mSromlebs faqtobrivad usax-srod uwevdaT samecniero saqmianoba. miuxedavad amisa, SesaZlebeli gaxda muSaobis dawyeba enciklopedia `saqar-Tveloze~, romlis pirveli tomi 1997 wels gamoica.

2006 wels, mas Semdeg, rac enciklopediis redaqciis Se-noba gadaeca ilias universi-tets, enciklopedia mecniere-baTa erovnuli akademiis SenobaSi ganTavsda.

amJamad redaqciis saqmia-noba umTavresad swored en-ciklopedia `saqarTvelos~ momzadebazea mimarTuli. mim-dinareobs muSaoba `saqarTve-los~ meoTxe tomze da misi ga-

mocema mimdinare wlisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli.

enciklopedia `saqarTve-los~ IV tomSi mkiTxvels vawvdiT mravalferovan in-for macias saqarTvelosa da qarTvelebze, yvela mniSvne-lovan movlenaze, faqtsa Tu moRvaweze. aseve, im ucxoe-lebsa da msoflio-istoriul movlenebze, romelTac Rrma kvali datoves Cveni qveynis mravalsaukunovan istoriaSi. aRniSnul tomSi warmodge-nilia codnisa da praqtikuli saqmianobis yvela is ZiriTa di sfero, romelTan dakavSireb-iTac saqarTvelo ganixileba msoflios saerTo istori-ul-kulturul konteqstSi.

enciklopedia `saqarTve-los~ dasayrdenia uaxlesi in-formacia da monacemebi, pir-veli qarTuli universaluri enciklopediis Tormettomeuli da redaqciis mier momzadebuli sxva gamocemebi. masalebis Ser-Cevisa da agebis ZiriTad meTo-dologiur procesSi cvli -lebebia Setanili (igulisxmeba cal mxrivi ideologiizaciis, do gmebisa da stereotipebis daZ leva). rogorc wesi, gada-muSavda, ganaxlda Zveli da dai-wera axali statiebi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavidan gaTvaliswinebuli iyo encik-lopedia `saqarTvelos~ 5 to-

#6, marti, 2018 7

mad gamocema, Tumca bolo aTeuli wlebis manZilze uxvad dagrovili axali informaci-is gamo SesaZlebelia encik-lopediis tomebis raodenoba sagrZnoblad gaizardos.

bolo 16 wlis manZil-ze enciklopediis redaqciam samecniero sazogadoebasa da farTo mkiTxvels ramdenime saintereso gamocema SesTava-za. kerZod, 2002 wels gamoi-ca enciklopedia `Tbilisi~, romelSic Tavmoyrili da sistemaSi moyvanilia ZiriT-ad c nobebi Cveni dedaqalaq-is Sesa xeb. wignma qarTveli mkiTxvelis didi interesi da mowoneba daimsaxura. 2008 wels ki qarTuli eneciklo-pediis mTavarma samecniero redaqciam gamosca enciklo-pediuri leqsikoni `Tbilisi: quCebi, gamzirebi, moednebi~. wignSi detaluradaa asaxu-li Tbilisis quCebis mde-bareoba, istoria da arqite-qturuli saxe, mocemulia im pirTa biografiuli cnobebi, vis saxelsac atarebs esa Tu is quCa. wigns darTuli aqvs saxelSecvlili quCebis sia, 117 sqematuri ruka Tavisi saZieblebiT, romelSic mi-TiTebulia 2400-mde obieq-tis koordinatebi; gamocemas ufro TvalsaCinos xdis aso-biT fotoilustracia.

es aris unikaluri gamoce-ma, sadac asaxulia is cvli-lebebi, rac ganicada Tbili-sis quCebis saxelwodebebma XIX s-idan dRemde. amisaTvis damuSavda 1846-1917 wlebSi gamocemuli kavkasiis kalen-drebi, Tbilisis gegmebi da topografiuli rukebi, quCe-bis cnobarebi, Tbilisis cen-tralur saxelmwifo arqiv-Si daculi saarqivo masala, saqarTvelos parlamentis i. WavWavaZis sax. erovnul bib-lioTekaSi arsebuli Sesabami-si literatura da sxv.

Cveni azriT, axlo moma-valSi sasurveli iqneboda

aRniSnuli naSromis ganaxle-buli variantis momzadeba, risTvisac aucilebeli iqneba Tbilisis sakrebulos saxel-debisa da simboloebis Sems-wavlel komisiasTan mWidro TanamSromloba.

qarTuli enciklopedi is mTavarma samecniero redaqci-am, arn. Ciqobavas sax. enaT-mecnierebis institutTan er-Tad, moamzada ganmartebiT da orTografiul leqsikonTa seria, maT Soris k. giginei-Svilis `berZnuli da romau-li sakuTari saxelebis or-Tografiuli leqsikoni~ (1985), `qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni. erTtomeuli~ (1986, meore gamocema 2 nakveTad, 1990); `saqarTvelos geografi-uli saxelebis orTografiuli leqsikoni~ (1987; meore ga-mocema _ 2009); `sazRvargare-Tis qveynebis geografiuli sa xelebis orTografiuli leq si koni~ (1989); `ucxouri pirTa saxelebis orTografi-uli leqsikoni~ (1989) da sxv.

2008 wels gamoica pirve-li qarTuli samecniero-dar-gobrivi enciklopedia `qar-Tuli ena~, romelic moicavs qarTuli enis istoriisa da funqcionirebis (saliteratu-ro ena, saxelmwifo ena) yvela aspeqts. igi aSuqebs qarTuli enis istoriis, struqtur-is, dialeqturi Sedgenilo-bis problemebs, moyolebuli

Zveli droidan Tanamedrove qarTulis CaTvliT. qarTuli ena ganxilulia enaTmecniere-bis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove doneze, rac miuTiTebs qar-Tvel mecnierTa da ucxoel qarTvelologTa miRwevebze am dargSi. enciklopediaSi asa-xulia masala qarTveluri da kavkasiuri enebis, agreTve im enebis Sesaxebac, romlebic saqarTveloSi iyo an aris gavrcelebuli, an raime kon-taqti hqondaT qarTul enas-Tan uSualod an mwignobruli gziT. am masalas didi mniSv-neloba aqvs qarTuli enis kon-taqtebis Sesaswavlad. zogier-Ti cnoba daibeWda pirvelad. sagangebod unda aRiniSnos Zveli qarTuli gramatikuli azris ganviTarebis da leq-sikologiuri kvlevis Semswav-leli masalebi, m. S. zogi pir-velad gaxda xelmisawvdomi farTo sazogadoebisTvis. en-ciklopediaSi mimoxilulia mniSvnelovani qarTuli epig-rafiuli Zeglebi, romlebic Semonaxulia rogorc saqar-TveloSi, ise mis farglebs gareT. unda aRiniSnos Crdi-lo kavkasiaSi gavrcelebul qar Tuli Zeglebis amsaxve-li masalebi. statiebs axlavs uni kaluri ilustraciebi. zo gierTi cnoba da ilus-tracia aseve pirvelad gaxda xel misawvdomi farTo sazoga-doebisTvis. enciklopediaSi

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i8

asaxulia qarTuli mwignobro-bis centrebi uZvelesi droi-dan moyolebuli, Tanamedrove samecniero-kvleviTi samecnie-ro dawesebulebebis CaTvliT.

enciklopediaSi aris sta-tiebi im moRvaweTa Sesaxeb, romlebmac, dawyebuli Zveli droidan, mniSvnelovani wvli-li Seitanes qarTul mwigno-brobasa da kulturaSi.

am gamocemiT sargebloben rogorc specialistebi, ise qarTvelologiis sakiTxebiT dainteresebul mkiTxvelTa farTo wre.

2011 wels wignis Semdgenels izabela qobalavas da redaqtor guCa kvaracxelias mieniWaT akad. akaki SaniZis sax. premia.

paralelurad momzadda `qar Tuli damwerloba _ popu-la ruli gamocema albomis sax-iT moswavle axalgazrdobi-saTvis. wignis teqstis avtoria xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqto-ri, prof. elene maWavariani.

Zveli qarTuli damwer-lobis _ asomTavrulis da nusxuris Seswavlas didi mni-Svneloba eniWeba Zveli kul-turuli memkvidreobis ga-mosavlenad, gansakuTrebiT Zeglebis zusti daTariRebis TvalsazrisiT. aqedan gamom-dinare, gamocemis mizania qro-nologiuri TanmimdevrobiT Tvali gavadevnoT calkeul aso-moxazulobaTa grafi-kul ganviTarebas. vizualu-ri masalis safuZvelze wignSi war modgenilia yoveli asos grafikuli Sedareba Tana-medrove mxedrul damwer-lobasTan, xolo nusxuri dam-werloba ganixileba rogorc Sualeduri, gardamavali eta-pi am saerTo ganviTarebaSi.

jer kidev sabWoTa period-Si, Cvens qveyanaSi safuZveli Caeyara mniSvnelovan saqmes _ samecniero-sacnobaro, encik-lopediuri xasiaTis mraval-tomeulis _ `saqarTvelos is toriisa da kulturis Zegl-Ta aRwerilobis~ gamocemas.

samuSaoTa koordinacia da krebulis gamocema imTaviTve daevala qarTuli enciklope-diis mTavar samecniero redaq-cias, xolo masalis momzadeba _ saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis daqvemdebarebaSi myof, Sesabamisi profilis institutebs: ivane javaxiSvi-lis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnografiis instituts, gi-orgi CubinaSvilis saxelobis qarTuli xelovnebis isto-riis institutsa da iv. java-xiSvilis saxelobis istoriis, arqeologiisa da eTnografi-is institutis arqeologiuri kvle vis centrs.

xangrZlivi samecniero-kvle viTi da saredaqcio mu-Saobis Sedegad, 1990 wels gamoica mravaltomeulis pir-veli wigni, romelSic Sesulia Sida qarTlis (goris, kaspis, mcxeTis, qarelis da xaSuris raionebi) 1600-mde istorii-sa da kulturis Zegli (aRi-niSna saqarTvelos saxelmw. premiiT, 1993).

2004 wels gamomcemloba `mecnierebam~ dastamba `aRwe-rilobis~ meore wigni (nabeWdi Tabaxi 33, tiraJi 500). aRsaniS-navia, rom krebulis pirveli tomis tiraJi gaxldaT 50 000, romelic mieZRvna aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis (axme-tis, duSeTis, TianeTis, yaz-begis raionebi) istoriisa da kulturis Zeglebs. 2013 wels daistamba `aRwerilobis~ me-same wigni (nabeWdi Tabaxi 38, tiraJi _ 500), romelic mieZ-Rvna gurjaanis, dedofli-swyaros da yvarlis munici-palitetebis istoriisa da kulturis Zeglebs. 2015 wels gamomcemloba `leTam~ das-tamba `aRwerilobis~ meoTxe wigni (nabeWdi Tabaxi 38, ti-raJi _500), romelSic mimoxi-lulia q. Telavisa da Telavis municipalitetis istoriisa da kulturis 363 Zegli.

amrigad, ukve gamocemul am oTx tomSi Tavmoyrilia ma-

sala istoriuli Sida qarT-lis, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis da kaxeTis isto-riisa da kulturis 3000-mde Zeg lis Sesaxeb, arqiteqturis Zeglebis umetesobas erTvis naxazebi (gegma, Wrili, fasa-di da sxv.) da damaxasiaTebeli fotoebi.

amJamad redaqciaSi muSao-ba mimdinareobs gamocemis me-xuTe tomze, romelic eZRvneba sagarejos municipalitetis kul turuli mekvidreobis Zeg-lebs. Zeglebis mniSvnelovani nawili, rogorc teqstobrivi, ise vizualuri masala Cvens mier ukve damuSavebulia da 2018 wlis meoTxe kvartlisa-Tvis mzad iqneba dasastambad. masalis kameralur damuSave-basTan erTad, mimdinareobs savele samuSaoebic, romlis drosac Cvens xelT arsebu-li masala mdidrdeba axali monacemebiTa da gamovleni-li ZeglebiT. Tumca, miuxe-davad Cveni didi mondomebisa da mravalmxrivi mcdelobisa _ usaxsrobis gamo _ savele samuSaoebi Seferxebulia; saqme is aris, rom `aRwerilobaSi~ Setanil unda iqnas yofili mu-nicipalitetis te ri toriaze mdebare kulturis uklebliv yvela Zegli, e. i. is kulturu-li faseuloba, romelic war-moadgens interess istoriuli, ar qeologiuri da arqiteq-turuli TvalsazrisiT; amis gamo aucilebelia zemoaRniS-nul municipalitetebSi sa-mecniero-saZiebo samuSaoebis Catareba, Sesaswavli da aR-saweria ramdenime aTeuli, sa-mecniero literturaSi ucno-bi arqiteqturuli nageboba, saWiroa maTi azomva, fotoga-daReba da sxva. yovelive es dakavSirebulia sistematur savele samuSaoebTan da moiT-xovs maRali kvalifikaciis specialistTa dasaqmebas, risi dafinansebis saSualeba encik-lopediis mTavar samecniero redaqcias ara aqvs.

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akademiis stumari didi britaneTidan

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul akdemias seqtembris TveSi stumrobda gamoCeni-li ingliseli maTematikosi, profesori devid edmundsi meuRliTurT. gasuli wlis zafxulSi igi erTxmad arCeul iqna akademiis sapatio wevrad.

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa ero vnuli akademiis prezidi-umis 29 seqtembris sxdomaze pro fesorma devid edmundsma gaakeTa moxseneba britanuli maTematikis tradiciebis Sesa-xeb.

amave sxdomaze akademi-is prezidentma, akademikos-ma giorgi kvesitaZem prof. devid edmundss sazeimo vi-TarebaSi gadasca saqarTve-los mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis ucxoeli wevris

2011 wels enciklopediis redaqciam mkiTxvels SesTava-za gamocema ucxoeTSi moRvawe im qarTvelebisa da qarTu-li warmoSobis pirTa Sesaxeb, romlebmac uZvelesi droidan dRemde mniSvnelovani kvali datoves ama Tu im ucxoeTis qveynis kulturaSi, mecniere-basa Tu politikur cxovreba-Si. zogi maTgani saqarTvelo-Si ar dabadebula, zogierTs saqarTveloSi arc ucxovria, an bavSvobisas dautovebia sam-Soblo; isini im qveynis kul-turisa da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis nawilad iqcnen, sadac moRvaweobdnen. STambe-Wdavia am qveynebis CamonaT-vali: egvipte, bizantia, sa-berZneTi, palestina, irani, osmaleTi, evropis qveynebi, ruseTi, amerika...

gamocemaSi moxvdnen ara mxo lod isini, romlebmac Tav-isi saqmianobiT mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes sxva qveynis cxovrebis ama Tu im sfero-Si (ufro metic, zogi maTgani wmindanad da erovnul gmirad-ac ki Seracxes), aramed isinic, romlebic ucxoeTSi saqarTve-losTvis daSvrnen da saqarTve-los iqidan gauwies fasdaude-beli samsaxuri. mag., qeTevan dedofali da eqvTime TayaiSvi-li... erTi _ qristia nuli sarw-munoebisaTvis Tavganwirvis, um-agaliTo zneobisa da Rirsebis simbolo ara marto qarTvel-TaTvis, ara med mTeli saqris-tianosaTvis; meore _ wlebis ganmavlobaSi erovnuli sagan-Zuris uangaro mcveli ucxo mi-waze. orive wmindanad Seracxa qarTulma marTlmadidebelma eklesiam, radgan maTma Tavdade-bam zo gad sakacobrio mniSvne-loba Sei Zina.

masalis moZiebisas gamo-viyeneT `qarTuli sabWoTa en-ciklopedia~, enciklopediebi `saqarTvelo~ da `qarTuli ena~, qarTvel (g. beraZe, n. vaC naZe, T. natroSvili, m. sva-niZe, b. silagaZe, k. feraZe,

m. qavTaria, g. SaraZe, d. jane-liZe, g. jafariZe) da ucxoel mecnierTa naSromebi. uanga-ro daxmareba gagviwia saqar-Tvelos erovnulma muzeumma. Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-sitetis qarTuli emigraci-is muzeumma, saqarTvelos Teat ris, musikis, kinosa da qo reografiis saxelmwifo mu zeum ma, v. Wabukianis me-morialurma saxl-muzeumma, xel nawerTa erovnul centr-ma da dokumenturi filmebis studiam `mematiane~.

2014 wels enciklopediis redaqciam mkiTxvels SesTava-za aRniSnuli gamocemis meore tomi _ ̀ 100 Rirsaxsovari saxe-li~. igi mieZRvna im araqar-Tuli warmomavlobis cnobil moRvaweebsa da ucxoelebs, romlebmac istoriis manZil-ze didi amagi dasdes saqarT-velos kulturas, mecnierebas da a. S. es gamocema (qarTuli,

rusuli da inglisur enebze) madlierebis gamoxatulebaa am didi pirovnebebis mimarT, Taviseburi sabuTi imisa, rom saqarTveloSi ar iviwyeben da pativs miageben maT, vinc gverdze gvedga bednierebisa Tu ubedobis Jams.

enciklopedia eris erT gva-ri pasportia, misi kultur-isa da ganaTlebis gamoxatu-leba. dRevandel `cifrul samyaroSi~ ki gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria sakuTari sivr-cis damkvidreba, mkiTxveli-saTvis xarisxiani informaci-is miwodebis saSualebiT. amis gaTvaliswinebiT gansakuTre-buli mniSvneloba eniWeba enci klopediis specialuri veb-gverdis (georgianencyclope-dia.ge) daxvewasa da ganviTa-rebas. amJamad, aRniSnul veb-gverdze ganTavsebulia en ci klopedia `saqarTvelos~ 3 tomis masala.

diplomi da akademiis wevris samkerde niSani gelaTis aka-demiis damfuZneblis daviT aRmaSeneblis gamosaxulebiT.

profesori devid edmundsi Tanamedroveobis gamoCenili maTematikosia. mas miRebuli aqvs maRali klasis Sedegebi

a k a d e m i i s s t u m r e b i

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i10

amjerad „uwyebebSi“ sauba-ri gveqneba gardaxvewilobaSi (emi graciaSi) saqarTvelosTvis damaSvrali pi rovnebebis sa qar-Tvelos mec nierebaTa maRal-samyof los (akademiis) sapatio wevris (1983 w.) kalistrate salias da misi meuRlis nino salias cxov-rebis da maT mier meore msoflio omis Semdeg parizSi daarsebuli moambis (Jurnalis) „bedi qarTli-sas“ Sesaxeb.

kalistrate salia (1900-1986)

qarTveli gardaxve wili (emi g ranti). safrangeTSi mcxo-v re bi mizangaTvliTi (poli-tikuri) da erovnuli moRvawe. mwerali. mecnieri. gamomceme-li. arnadeli (redaqtori). rogorc sayovelsaxalxoebi Ti calkeobis (soci al-de-mokratiuli partiis) wevri,

maTematikis iseT dargebSi, ro-goricaa: speqtraluri Teoria, funqciaTa sivrceebisa da ope-ratorebis Teoria, arawrfivi analizi, aproqsimaciis Teo-ria, Cveulebrivi da kerZowar-moebulebiani diferencialu-ri gantolebebi. msoflios ma Tematikur wreebSi aRiare-bulia, rom misma Semoqmedebam SaTambeWdavi gavlena moaxdina maTematikis mTeli rigi mimar-Tulebebis ganviTarebaze.

d. edmunss gamoqveynebu-li aqvs 10 monografia iseT cnobil gamomcemlobebSi ro-go ricaa: oqsfordis da kem-brijis universitetebis, Sprin geris, kluveris gamom-cemlobebi, maT Soris, erTi qar Tvel avto rebTan erTad.

d. edmundsi dajildoebu-lia londonis maTematikuri sazogadoebis polias saxelo-bis premiiT, CexeTis mecniere-baTa akademiis bolcanos oqros medliT. mas aRzrdili hyavs 18 mowafe sxvadasxva qveynidan,

romelTa Soris arian msofli-oSi ganTqmuli maTematikosebi.

dReisaTvis d. edmundsi aris didi britaneTis kar-difisa da saseqsis universi-tetebis sapatio profesori.

friad nayofieria profe-sor edmundsis mravalwliani samecniero TanamSromloba qarT vel maTematikosebTan, maT Soris, ivane javaxiSvilis saxe lobis Tbilisis saxelm-wifo universitetis zusti da sabunebismetyvelo mecnier-ebebis fakultetisa da a. razmaZis saxelobis maTe-matikis institutis Tana-mSrom lebTan. es faqti ga moxa tulia 20 erTobliv sa-mecniero naSromSi, romlebic gamoqveynebulia maRal avto-ritetul JurnalebSi: Canad. J. Math. Nachrichten, Z. Analys, An-wend., housTon J. maMath., Funct. Spaces and Appl. da sxv.

aRsaniSnavia, rom es TanamS-romloba dResac warmatebiT grZeldeba.

a m a g d a r n i

profesor devid edmund-sis meuRles rouzs miniWebu-li aqvs filosofiis doqtoris xarisxi maTematikaSi (PhD). mas warmatebuli kariera hqonda samewarmeo biznesSi, sadac is gaxldaT am biznesis mflobel-Ta konsultanti. is muSaobda ramdenime wamyvan globalur firmaSi da bolos iyo msofli-oSi eqvsi yvelaze msxvili audi-toruli kompaniidan erT-erTis partniori. aRniSnul sferoSi TiTqmis 20-wliani warmatebuli moRvaweobis Semdgom rouzma Secvala saqmianoba da axla is wers trilerebs mkacrad eTi-kur sakiTxebze. mis Semoqmedeba-Si umeteswilad asaxulia bizne-sis samyaro, kerZod, konfliqti kapitalizmsa da kacobriobas Soris. mas gamoqveynebuli aqvs 3 wigni, xolo meoTxis gamoq-veyneba dagegmilia 2018 wels. qalbatonma rouzma erT-erTi Tavisi wigni saCuqrad gadas-ca akademiis maTematikisa da fizikis ganyofilebas.

saqarTvelos Zalad gasabWoe-bis Semdeg dapatimrebul da Casmul iqna metexis cixe-Si. iyo erTi im 62 (arsebobs gansxvavebuli ricxvic) mizangaTvliT tusaRs Soris, ro-me lic metdam jgufeobiT ma (bol Se vikurma) xe lisufle bam 1922 wlis Rvi nobaWknobaSi (oqtomber-noemberSi) saqar-Tvelodan ger ma niaSi gaasax-la. gardaxvewilobaSi gada-sinja Tavisi mizangaTvliTi Sexedulebebi. datova sayo-vel-saxalxoebiTi calkeobis rigebi da Sevida TeTri gior-gis moZraobaSi, sadac wamyvani gurdivi (pozicia) daikava. ro-gorc TeTri giorgis warmo-madgeneli, Sedioda gardaxvewilobaSi Seqmnili erovnuli sagaZRolos (komitetis) Semad-genlobaSi da qmediT (aqtiur)

monawileobas Rebulobda mis muSaobaSi. gamswvrivad (para-lelurad) eweoda samecnie-ro moRvaweobas. iyo meqmi (avtori) qarTuli Svenilobis

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(kulturis) sakiTxebTan daka-vSirebuli araerTi gamokvle-visa da calkeuli werilisa. am mxriv, misi Sromis umTavres Sedegs warmoadgenda 1980 wels parizSi gulanad (wignad) gamocemuli frangulenovani Txzuleba `saqarTvelos is-toria~, romelic gansxvavebu-li saTauriT: `qarTveli eris istoria~, ufro adre, 1972 wels, moambe (Jurnal) `bedi qarTlisaSi~ daibeWda. 1921 wlis 25 lxobas (Tebervals) metdamjgufeobiTma ruseTma da misma qarTvelma msaxurebma cecxliT da maxviliT daam xes saqarTvelos sami wlis da-moukidebloba, rasac Sedegad qarTvelTa erTi ukeTesi nawi-lis ucxoeTSi gaxizvna mohyva. naqmobrivad (faqtobrivad) qa-rTveli xalxis mizangaTvliTi cnobiereba orad gaixliCa. zavi SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. mizangaTvliTi da cnebaTmcodneobiTi (ideolo giuri) Seu -Tav sebloba ar iZ leoda da pi rispirebuli mxa reebis ur Tier Tobis saSualebas cxov rebis arcerT brunwre Si (sfe roSi). axla, am gadasaxedi-dan, Tvalis erTi gadavlebi-Tac ki TiTqos ukeT gamoi-kveTa is, rac dapirispirebis wlebSi TiTqmis ar Canda. ker-Zod, aRmoCnda, rom Turme mainc arsebobda erTi brunwre (sfero), romelSic orive mxaris met-naklebi ruduneba, cnobierad Tu gaucnobiere-blad, erTmaneTs erwymoda. es iyo Sveniloba (kultura). ara axali, sayovelTaobiTi (socialisturi) an TavnmogebiTi (kapitalisturi), ar-amed aTaswlovani dafuZnebebis (tra diciebis) memkvidre qarTu li Sveniloba, romelic bevrad ufro sicocxlisuna-riani da gamZle Seiqna, vidre esa Tu is calkeobiTi cnebaTmcodneoba (ideologia). sabed-nierod, arsebobda ada mianTa garkveuli ricxvi, ro melic amas grZnobda da mcire ric-

xvi qarTvelTa, vinc es icoda. kalistrate salia erT-erTi imaTgani iyo, vinc amas Tavda-pirvelad grZnobda, Semdgom-Si ki gamokveTilad xedavda. 1948 wels man meuRlesTan, nino saliasTan erTad, pariz-Si daaarsa da oTxi aTeu-li weli gamoscemda moambes: `bedi qarTlisa~. moambes hqonda arsebobis ori anaTvali (periodi): qarTulenovani da frangulenovani. frangu-lenovan moambeSi masalebi sxva evropul enebzec ibeW-deboda. ̀ bedi qarTlisas~ pir-veli anaTvali, rodesac masSi ZiriTadad ucxoeTSi moRvawe qarTvel meqmTa (avtorTa) Txzu lebebi qveyndeboda, cnebiTad (ideurad) gamoWedes da warmarTes grigol robaqiZem da mixeil wereTelma. es sru-liad aSkarad Cans moambis dRes ukve SeyviTlebuli fur-clebidan. kalistrate salia am ori didebuli moRvawis umcrosi megobari iyo da maT-Tan urTierTobaSi yalibde-boda misi, rogorc mecnieris, gamomcemlis da arnadelis msofl xedva. maTi uvrcesi, umni Svnelovanesi, dReisdReo-biT mxolod nawilobriv xel-misawvdomi mimowera Jeneva_miunxeni_parizis samkuTxedSi, odesme bevrs rasme ityvis am Tu sxva TvalsazrisiT. naTe-li erTia: maTi urTierToba, romelic drodadro arc daZa-bulobas da winaaRmdegobebs iyo moklebuli, bolomde urR vevi darCa da dagvirgvin-da RirsSesaniSnavi qmediT (aqtiT), rac gamoixata `bedi qarT lisas“ arnadelis da misi meuRlis mier 1976 wlis Se-modgomaze Jenevidan grigol robaqiZis neStis, miunxenidan ki mixeil wereTlis neStis sa-frangeTSi, levilis qarTvel-Ta sasaflaoze gadmosvene-baSi. gardacvalebis Semdeg kalistrate salias ferfli misma meuRlem ori ufrosi megobris saflavebis gverdiT

miabara miwas. mogvianebiT ki, saqarTveloSi Camoitana da didubis sagansveneboSi (pan-TeonSi) daudo samudamo bina. unda aRvniSno, rom kalis-trate salias neStis dakrZal-vaSi mec vmonawileobdi, rasac axlac pativad miviCnev. aseve pativad miviCnev im dRes qal-batoni nino salias gacnobas. gardaxvewilobas sazogadod Tan axlavs mizangaTvliTi da-pirispireba da azrTa sxvada s-xvaoba. am mxriv, arc qarTuli gardaxvewiloba warmoadgenda gamonakliss. gasuli saukunis samocdaaTiani wlebis dasawy-isSi SedarebiT axalgazr da mizangaTvliTi Taoba, `pa su-xismgebeli emigracia~, ro-gorc is uwodebda Tavs, Seuvalad (kategoriulad) dau pi rispirda kalistrate sa lias da mis moambes. sababi gaxda 1972 wels `bedi qarT-lisaSi~ frangul enaze dabeW-dili kalistrate salias Txzu lebis `saqarTvelos is-toriis~ erTi gamoTqma (fra-za): `1921 wlis 25 Tebervals saqarTvelo gasabWoebul iqna da dRes aris erTi im TxuTmeti respublikidan, romlebic qm-nian sabWoTa kavSirs.~ is amba-vi, rom meqmis mier Txzuleba-Si gamoyenebuli iyo sityvebi: `gasabWoebul iqna~, magram ar iyo naCvenebi Tu ra gziT da vis mier iqna gasabWoebu-li saqarTvelo, mas, rogorc mizangaTvliT gardaxvewils, sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaSe daTmobad CauTvales. aseve daTmobad iqna miCneuli 1966 wels saqarTveloSi gadaxdili SoTa rusTavelis pativmigebis (iubilis) momzadebaSi misi monawileoba, rac, rogorc Cans, gamoixata ucxoel moR-vaweTa saqarTveloSi miwvevis sxemowyobaSi (or ganizebaSi). mogvianebiT, da pirispirebuli Taobis zogierTi warmomad-genlisgan daT mobad iqna CaT-vlili 1983 wels saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa maRalsamyoflo

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Si (akademiaSi) sapatio wevrad arCevaze kalistrate salias daTanxmeba. aseTi Sefaseba `bedi qarTlisas~ arnadelis moRvaweobisa, calmxrivi da mikerZoebulia. kalistrate salias miaCnda, rom mis mier dasaxuli mowodeba: `saqar-Tvelo uwinares yovlisa~, sa boloo jamSi, yovelgvar mi zangaTvliT dapirispire-bas aRemateboda da Tavisi moR vaweoba da Zalisxmeva am mowodebis gansaxorcieleb-lad hqonda warmarTuli. metdamjgufeebi mas gulze arasodes ar exatebodnen, mag-ram, samocdaaTiani wlebidan moyolebuli, mniSvnelovani qarTvelTmcodneobiTi sa-kiTxe bis kvlevaSi saqarTve-loSi moRvawe mecnierebTan urTierToba gardauval auci-leblobad miaCnda. is aseve Tvlida, rom rusTaveli ka-cobriobis da sruliad saqar-Tvelos kuTvnileba iyo da ara romelime mizangaTvliTi Zalisa Tu dajgufebisa. ami-tom miiRo man monawileoba saqarTveloSi ga da xdili rus-Tavelis pativ migebis momza-debaSi. aseTi nabijis gadadg-mas, Riad Tu farulad, didi gambedaoba sWirdeboda da mas eyo gambedaoba emoqmeda ise, rogorc es `bedi qarTlisas~ winaSe dasaxuli amocanebis gadasaWrelad miaCnda saWi-rod. rodesac is oTxmocian wlebSi saqarTvelos mecniere-baTa maRalsamyoflos sapatio wevrobaze daTanxmda, albaT sjeroda, rom xdeboda wev-ri ara sabWoTa mecniereba-Ta maRalsamyoflosi, aramed maRalsamyoflosi, romelic Seiqmna 1918 wlis 26 ianvars daarsebuli Tbilisis nairsasibrZnos (universitetis) yrden ze (bazaze) da romlis wev rebic Tavis droze iyvnen: ivane javaxiSvili, korneli ke keliZe, Salva nucubiZe, ga-laktion tabiZe, konstantine gansaxurdia da sxvebi. romlis

wevric imJamad jer kidev iyo akaki SaniZe, kaci damaSvrali sruliad saqarTvelosTvis, cocxali simbolo gardasul JamTa da grigalTa. da bo-los, rodesac man samSoblo-Si damarxva isurva, uTuod sjeroda, rom imarxeboda ara saerToebiTi (komunisturi) saqarTvelos, aramed saqarT-velos miwaSi.

nino salia-qurcikaSvili (1899-1993)

kalistrate salias meuRle. moambe `bedi qarTlisas~ ga-momcemeli, meqmi da dauRla-vi muSaki. gardaxvewilobaSi sruliad axalgazrda aRmoCn-da. `ruseTis revoluciis qariSxalma viT mowyvetili foToli parizSi gadmomis-rolao.~ — werda erTgan. ni-nos pirveli meuRle SeZlebu-li kaci yofila. da misgan garkveuli saxsrebi da pariz-Si kargi bina darCenia. es bina gaxda qarTuli gardaxvewilobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Svenili (kulturuli) kera pa-rizSi, mas mere, rac nino da kalistrate salia SeuRldnen da saerTo ZalisxmeviT moambe `bedi qarTlisa~ daaars-es. cxadia, saliebis ojaxis stumarTmoyvareobas moambis winaSe dasaxuli miznebis gan-saxorcieleblad Rwvac gana-pirobebda. maTsas Tavs iyrida ara marto parizsa da safran-geTSi, aramed mTel msoflio-Si gafantuli qarTveloba, ra Sic ojaxis diasaxlisis damsaxureba uTuod gansa-kuTrebuli iyo. gamorCeuli megobroba akavSirebda sali-ebis ojaxs grigol robaqi-ZesTan da mixeil wereTelTan. araerTxel swvevian maT Jene-vaSi da miunxenSi da amiT maT-dami yuradReba da pativisce-ma gamouxatavT. es yuradReba ciur mananasaviT sWirdeboda grigols, Serisxuls da co-lis xangrZlivi avadmyofobiT SeWirvebuls, da aranakleb

mixeils, visac erTaderTi vaJiSvili omis dros daeRu-pa da mas Semdeg guli aRar gamrTelebia. cnobilia mnaTamsaxi (fotosuraTi), romel-zec nino, mixeili da grigoli erTad arian aRbeWdili. nino salia Tavs maT umcros dad Tvlida. saocrad mtkivneu-lad ganicdida maTi misamar-TiT gamoTqmul yovelgvar gasjas (kritikas) da aug sity-vas da pasuxis gasacemad, weri-lobiT da sityvierad, umalve mzad iyo. misi kalmis simax-vile araerTxel warmoCenila moambis furclebze, roca es aucileblobas mouTxovia. werda werilebs xelovnebis da Svenilobis sakiTxebze, ro-gorc qarTulad, aseve fran-gulad. morwmune, xeldasxmiTi (ezoteruli) Wvretisken midrekili mwerali qalis yvelaze sapriano (saintere-so) da mniSvnelovan qmnile-bad unda CaiTvalos `bedi qarTlisaSi~ gagrZelebebiT dabeWdili Txzuleba `loc-va~, sadac adrindeli (anti-kuri) idumlivebis (misteri-ebis) raoba aris gadmoSlili. adrindeli samyarosadmi da zeidumlobisadmi (mistiki-sadmi) Rrma priani (interesi) iyo damatebiTi safuZveli, rac grigol robaqiZisadmi nino salias gansakuTrebul damoki debulebas ganapirobeb-

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da. gardaicvala nino parizSi, Rrma moxucebulobaSi. misi ferfli saqarTveloSi Camoi-tanes da meuRlis gverdiT didubis miwas miabares.

`bedi qarTlisa~. namyouri (istoriuli), mwerlobiTi (li-teraturuli) da samecniero krebuli. BEDI KARTLISA (LE DESTIN DE LA GEORGIE). Recueil Historique, Scientifique et Litteraire Georgien.

daarsda parizSi qarTveli gardaxvewilebis, col-qmar nino da kalistrate saliebis mier. gamodioda gamomcemlebis piradi saxsrebiT da Sewiru-lobebiT, gardamavali aTvliTobiT (periodulobiT), rasac nivTieris (materialuris) gar-da linguri (teqnikuri) mize-zebic ganapirobebda. miuxeda-vad imisa, rom gamomcemlebma mas krebuli uwodes, gasuli saukunis ormociani wlebis bo-los da ormocdaaTian wlebSi `bedi qarTlisas~ moambis saxe ufro hqonda da mTlianoba-Sic misi moambed moxsenieba bevrad ufro marTebuli iqne-ba. pirveli rveuli gamovida 1948 wlis mkaTaSi (ivlisSi) da maSinve sayovelTao yuradRe-ba miipyro. nino salia moambis gamocemis eqvsi wlis Tavze werda: `eqvsi wlis winaT 1948 wlis martSi vinaxule is Tana-memamuleni, visic imedi mqon-da, keTili saqmisaTvis dax-marebas ar daiSurebden. maSin emigraciaSi arc erTi qarTuli Jurnali ar gamodioda. visac ki mivmarTe, yvelani Tbili guliT Sexvden arapolitiku-ri, istoriul-literaturuli mo am bis daarsebis ganzraxvas (...) dedamiwis yvela kuTxidan, sa dac ki qarTvelebi cxov-roben, madloba da gamxneveba mogvivida. ar darCenila arc erTi qveynis universiteti Tu didi gamomcemloba, romelsac — `bedi qarTlisa~ ar gamoe-weros.~ (moambeSi: bedi qarTli-sa. 17. parizi 05.1954. garekanis mesame gverdi).

moambis namyoeba (istoria) pirobiTad or anaTvalad (peri-odad) SeiZleba daiyos. pir-vel anaTvalSi, 1948-56 wlebSi, `bedi qarTlisa~ iyo qar Tul-enovani da mis irgvliv Semokre-bili iyo gardaxvewilobaSi ar-sebuli saukeTeso mecnieruli da mwerlobiTi (literaturu-li) Zalebi. dabeW dili danawerebis (teqstebis) done ar iyo da arc SeiZleboda yofiliyo Tanabari, magram yoveli, rac ki masSi Rirebuli gamoqveyn-da, samudamod Sevida qarTuli Svenilobis saerTo saganZurSi. mTlianobaSi, pirvel anaTvalSi moambe warmoaCenda qarTuli gardaxvewilobis omis Semdeg-droindeli Svenili cxovre-bis nandul (realur) amsaxs (suraTs), rac dRes saqarTve-los namyoebis kuTvnilebaa da momavali kvlevis da Seswavlis sagania. ukve 1949 wlis mkaTaSi (ivlisSi) moambis mexu Te rveulSi gamoCnda qarTveli meqmis mixeil wereTlis fran-gulenovani werili. 1956 wlis yvavilobaSi (aprilSi), moambis 21-22-e rveulSi aTi ucxoeno-vani masala iyo dabeW dili: cxra frangul, erTi ki ingli-sur enaze. meqmTagan (avtorTa-gan) sami ucxoeli qarTvelTmcodne (qarTvelologi) iyo, maRalswavlulebi (pro feso-rebi): karsti, langi da stiven-soni. Tumca amis Semdeg `bedi qarTlisa~ karga xans Ziri-Tadad qarTulenovani dar-Ca, 1956 weli unda CaiTvalos misi, pirobiTad, meore anaTvalis dasawyisad. samociani wle bidan moambem TandaTan ufro gamokveTili samecniero mi marTuleba da, sabolood, srulsaswavlo (akademiuri) sa xe miiRo. `bedi qarTli-sas~ namyouri, mwerlobiTi da samecniero krebulis nacvlad qarTvelTmcodneobiTi moambe B. K. revue de kartvelologie ewoda. moambeSi ibeWdeboda mraval-ferovani mecnieruli masala qarTvelTmcodneobis sakiT xebze da mis muSaobaSi monawi leobda

ucxoel qarTvelTmcodneTa da kavkasielTmcodneTa mTeli zol feradi (speqtri), qarTuli gar daxvewilobis samecniero ze dafena (elita) da agreTve sab WoTa saqarTveloSi moR-vawe mecnierTa sakmaod vrce-li wre. es ukanaskneli naqmi (faqti) gardaxvewilobis Se-darebiT axalgazrda mizangaTvliTma Taobam moambis arnads da mis mTavar arnadels sabWo-Ta saqarTvelosTan ur Ti er-Tobad, daTmobad da erovnuli mizangaTvlis gzidan gadax-vevad CauTvala da samocda-aTiani wlebis dasawyisSi mas Seuvalad daupirispirda. da-pirispirebulTa nebulobebi (pretenziebi) maTma erT-erTma sgobinma (liderma) giorgi we-re Telma mogvianebiT mka fiod Camoayaliba werilSi `kalis-trate salias gardacvalebis gamo~ (moambeSi: guSagi. 11. parizi 10.1986. gv. 69-76). im-denad didi yofila or banaks Soris Camovardnili uTanx-moeba, rom sruliad moulod-nelad, darRveulia dauwereli damwesi (kanoni): `gardacvlils gamosaTxovarSi (nekrolog-Si) mxolod kargad axseneben~ da Tumca kalistrate salias warsuli damsaxurebebic aris CamoTvlili, saboloo jamSi, misi fergvani (portreti) me-tad uaryofiT SuqSia warmod-genili. arnadelis gansja ze (kritikaze) aranakleb mZaf rad JRerda TviT moambis gur

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i14

divis (poziciis) gansja (kri-tika). yofda ra `bedi qarT-lisas~ mier ganvlil gzas or anaTvalad, meqmi miiCnevda, rom qarTul enovan anaTvalSi gamo-suli rveulebi erovnuli Svenilobis saganZurs warmoadgen-dnen. xolo meore, ucxoenovani anaTvalis rveulebis naklad kavkasieli xalxebis enis da Svenilobis Tanamedrove bedis ausaxavobas Tvlida da am mov-lenas sabWoTa ruseTis dampyroblobis (imperializmis) wi-na Se moambis gamomcemlis da misi mecnieri TanamSromle-bis qedis moxras uwodeb-da. mTlianobaSi, meqmi `bedi qarT lisas~ mimarTulebis da samoqmedo danasaxis (progra-mis) mimarT aSkarad uaryofiT damokidebulebas amJRavnebda, radgan, misi azriT, moambis furclebze Zveli qarTuli miRweulobis (civilizaciis) kvleva awindel erovnul nebulobebze uaris Tqma iyo: `Cveni erovnuli asimilaciis mosurne-ni kidevac dagvexmarebodnen vqeqoT da vCxrikoT Cveni da-marxuli qarTuli civilizacia, Tu ki davTanxmdebodiT xeli agveRo dRevandel da xvalin-del erovnul pretenziebze. aseTi daTmoba, amaze daTanx-meba yovlad dauSvebelia. qar-T veli kacis moRvaweoba unda suldgmulobdes im SegnebiT, rom qarTvel xalxs warsul-Si Seuqmnia Rirseuli civili-zacia, mas xan gaumarjvnia, xan damarcxebula, magram arasodes ar Serigebia sikvdils, gadaSen-ebas, mkvdar, damarxul civili-zaciad qcevas, rom awmyoSic is janRoniT savse Wabukia, rome-lic xarobs, ibrZvis da iRwvis, raTa qarTuli civilizacia mo-mavalSi kidev ufro TavisTava-di, kidev ufro srulyofili da kidev ufro sxivosani iyos, vidre is odesme yofila..~

Tu ki moambis mTavar arnadelTan dapirispirebas kidev hqonda garkveuli safuZve-li, TviTon moambis amgvari gansja yovlad gaugebaria da

naqmob rivad (faqtobrivad) im didi Rvawlis wyalSi gadayras niSnavs, romelic `bedi qarT-lisas“ qarTuli Svenilobis kvle vis saqmeSi miuZRvis. unda aRiniSnos, rom aseTi mimar-Tuleba: Zveli qarTuli miRweulobis sxva miRweulobebTan (civilizaciebTan) kavSirSi kvle va, saqarTvelos, qarTvel-Ta modgmis fesvebis, Zirebis warmoCena da maTi ganviTare-baSi Cveneba, uZvelesi qarTu-li enis, Svenilobis sakvanZo sakiTxebis Seswavla da gaSuqe-ba `bedi qarTlisas~ dausaxes ara kalistrate da nino sali-ebma, aramed mixeil wereTelma da grigol robaqiZem, moambeSi gamoqveynebuli TavianTi waru-vali Rirebulebis mqone Txzu-lebebiT: `qarTuli enis naTe-saobis sakiTxi~ da `saubari kardusTan~. erTgvari niSani moambis muSaobaSi evropel da saqarTveloSi moRvawe mecnier-Ta Casabmelad, Cemis azriT, iyo 1955 wlis 16-17 yvavilobas (aprils) miunxenSi `qarTuli politikur-kulturuli kav-Siris~ daarseba, romlis xel-mZRvanelTa Soris sxvebTan erTad grigol robaqiZe, mi-xeil wereTeli da kalistrate saliac iyvnen. am kavSiris Tav-mjdomaris giorgi maRalaSvi-lis mier xelmoweril gancxa-debaSi, romelic imave wlis mwifobaSi (seqtemberSi) `bedi qarTlisaSi~ (#20) daibeWda, mizangaTvliTi mimarTulebis gverdiT, rac saqarTvelos damoukideblobis yvelgan da yovel pirobebSi dauTmobel (ukompromiso) dacvaSi, saqarT-velos damoukideblobis aRd-genisTvis muSaobaSi da metdamjgufeobiTi cnebaTmcodneobis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi gamoixa-teboda, gamokveTilia agreTve Svenili (kulturuli) mizan-ic: `qarTuli kulturis gac-noba ucxoelTaTvis; kvle-va da muSaoba am dargSi.~ (gv. 31). moambis amave rveulSi arnadi (redaqcia) miesalme-ba xsenebuli kavSiris daarse-

bas, sruliad uWers mxars mis mizangaTvliT mimarTulebas, xolo Svenil amocanas, Ta-vis mxriv, ase warmoadgens: `kulturul kacob riobas Cven unda movagonoT mudam misT-visac Zveli droidan cnobi-li faqtebi, rom qarT veli eri Zveli kulturuli eria, mdidari warsuliT, dagildoe-buli saxelmwifoeb rivi niWiT, rasac amtkicebs misi istoria da vuCvenoT Rirebuleba da Tviseba misi kulturisa, ro-melic monaTesavea evropul kulturisa, monaTesave ZiriT-gan kavkasiaSi warmoSobili. `bedi qarTlisa~ gansakuTrebu-li sixaruliT egebeba daarse-bas iseTi organizaci isa, rome-lic umTavres miznad isaxavs kulturul muSaobas~ (gv. 31). Semdgom amisa, `bedi qarT-lisas~ mesveurebis mcdeloba sxva araferi yofila Tu ara am danasaxis gansaxorcieleb-lad Rwva. gamomdinare aqedan, SeiZleba darwmunebiT iTqvas, rom moambis gurdivi da miza-ni iyo sruliad swori, radgan misi damkvalianeblebisTvis da gamomcemlebisTvis sruliad na Teli iyo, rom veraviTari `TavisTavadi~, `srulyofili~, `sxivosani~ miRweuloba CvenSi momavalSi ver Seiqmneba, Tu is warsulis, `damarxuli civili-zaciis~ saZirkvelze ar iqna msofl mxedvelobrivad dayrd-nobili. xolo Tu Seiqmneba, is qarTuli miRweuloba ar iqneba. Sesabamisad, `damarxuli civi-lizaciis~ `Cxrekva~ da `qeq-va~ `dRevandel da xvalindel erovnul pretenziebze~ xelis aReba ki ar iqneba, aramed am `pretenziebis~ namyour xarisx-Si ayvana. aseTi iyo dasaxva (strategia), romelsac `bedi qarTlisa~ ganuxrelad misdev-da, xolo am dasaxvis gansaxor-cieleblad saWiro daqselvas (taqtikas) arnadi nanduli (rea-luri) aucileblobis mixedviT cvlida. meores mxriv, pa rizSi gamomavali gardaxvewiTi (emig-rantuli) qarTuli macnis

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(gazeTis) `Tavisuflebis tri-bunis~ irgvliv Semokrebi-li, dapirispirebuli Taobis erov nuli grZnobebis da mis-wrafebebis siwrfeleSi eWvis misxlis Setanac ki SeuZlebe-lia. oridan erTi iyo: an mas marTla ar esmoda bolomde `bedi qarT lisas~ miznis WeS-mariti mniS v neloba, an kidev wamkidis (kon fliqtis) gaRr-mavebas, ori ve mxridan, met-naklebad, gar da xvewilobaSi mizangaTv li Ti da Svenili upiratesobis Tvis brZola ga-napirobebda. sabolood, da-pirispireba Seurigebel gan-xeTqilebaSi gadaizarda. saqme iqamdec ki mivida, rom, rode-sac kalistrate da nino sali-ebma grigol robaqiZis neSti da mixeil wereTlis neSti Jene-vidan da miunxenidan levilis sasaflaoze erTdroulad gad-moasvenes da mogvianebiT sazo-gadoeba parizis wminda ninos qarTul saydarSi (eklesiaSi), maTi sulebis mosaxseniebel saglovelze (panaSvidze) miiwvies, SesasvlelTan maT ukiduresad (radikalurad) ganwyobili axalgazrdebis jgufi daxvda da Seecada, rom isini saydar-Si ar SeeSva. amas iuwyeboda gazeTi `Tavisuflebis tribu-na~ (# 14-15. parizi 12.1976): `profesor mixeil wereTlisa da grigol robaqiZis neSte-bi, ama wlis oqtombris bolo ri cxvebidan ganisveneben sof. levilis qarT ul sasaflao-ze. gadmosvenebis Taosnoba ekuTv nis qalbaton nino da b-n kalis trate saliebs da xar-jebic maT gaiRes (...) qalba-ton nino salias xelmoweriT darigda cnoba, rom kviras, 21 noembers, parizis qarTul eklesiaSi gadaxdili iqneboda mixeil wereTlis da grigol robaqiZis panaSvidi. am ori didebuli qarTvelis panaS-vids sapatio mizezis gareSe, qarTveli ar daakldeboda, magram politikur gadmoxve-wilTa erT ma nawilma gadawyvi-ta ar dasw rebuliyo, radgan cnobili ambe bis gamo, q-ni da

b-ni salia dagmobili iyvnen, da aseTi manevriT, reabilita-cia miu Reblad miiCnies. axal-gazrdobis erT jgufs ki uf-ro radikaluri protesti ga dauwyvetia: misulan da Ses-vla gauZnelebiaT col-qmar sa liebisaTvis, raTa amrigad gamoemJRavnebinaT TavianTi Seu rigebloba. zogier Ti gul-wrfeli da saqmeSi Cauxedavi iq damswreni aseTma moqcevam gaak-virva da sayveduri gamoTqves. ganmartebis mizniT am axal-gazrdebma, weriliT mimarTes sazogadoebas. vifiqreT, rom parizis gareT mcxovreb qarT-velebisTvisac es werili sain-tereso iqneboda, amitom ga-davwyviteT misi dabeWdva, mag ram asoTamwyobma, batonma ilia TayaiSvilma is tenden-ciurad da saTvistomos daS-lis saSualebad CaTvala da mis awyobaze uari gviTxra. iZu-lebuli viyaviT davmorCile-bodiT. aravin ifiqros, rom Cven vamarTlebT Zalis gamoyenebas, piriqiT: Cven sastikad vgmobT mas. magram Tavisufal da Ta-visi Tavis pativmcemel presis daniSnulebaa momxdar ambis in-formacia. aseve davbeWdavdiT qalbaton nino da baton kalis-trate salias mier mowodebul axsna-ganmartebasac.~

araviTari `axsna-ganmarte-ba~ nino da kalistrate sali-ebs `Tavisuflebis tribunis-Tvis~ ar gadauciaT da arc iq dabeWdila msgavsi ram. ase rom, es SemTxveva, didad sam-wuxaro movlenad darCa qar-Tuli gardaxvewilobis namyoebaSi. mi xeil wereTels da grigol robaqiZes rom gaegoT, rom maT saglovelze parizSi msgavs SemTxvevas hqonda adgi-li, albaT saflavebSi gada-trialdebodnen. sabolood, am dapirispirebis ukiduresi gam-Zafreba, ra gasakviric ar unda iyos, mainc grigol robaqiZis saxels daukavSirda. rodesac kalistrate saliam grigol ro baqiZis neSti Jenevidan le-vilSi gadmoasvena, saflavze

dabadebis da gardacvalebis is tvifarebi (TariRebi) amoakve-Tina, romlebic, mwerlis savi nao (pasportis) monacemebis mixedviT, Jenevis saflavis qva-ze iyo amokveTili: 1884-1962. gazeTma `Tavisuf lebis tri-bunam~ grigolis dabadebidan 100 wlis moaxloebasTan da-kavSirebiT, mogvianebiT misi dabadebis sxva tvifari (Tari-Ri), 1881, wamoayena, rogorc ufro swori da, rac mTavaria, TviTon grigolis sityvieri mowmobidan gamomdinare. Sei-qmna sapativmigebo (saiubi-leo) arCeoni (komisia) da 1981 wlis bolos parizSi aRiniSna grigol robaqiZis dabadebis 100 wlisTavi. 29 noembers gar-dacvlili mwerlis sulis mo-saxsenebeli sagloveli gai-marTa jer parizis wminda ninos saydris orinSi (darbaz-Si), Semdeg ki levilis sasaf-laoze. 6 dekembers parizSi wminda ninos saydris orinSi Sedga mwerlis cxovrebis da Semoqmedebisadmi miZRvnili mwer lobiTi (literaturuli) sa Ramo romelSic monawileoba mi iRes gardaxvewilobis sxva-dasxva Taobis warmomadgen-lebma. `bedi qarTlisas~ mes-veurebs da momxreebs, cxadia, am sapativmigebo RonisZiebaSi monawileoba ar miuRiaT. imave 1981 wlis TovlobaSi (dekem-berSi) gamovida macne (gazeT) `Tavisuflebis tribunis~ oc-dameTxuTmete gamrigi (nome-ri), krebulis saxiT, rome lic TiTqmis mTlianad grigol robaqiZis dabadebis 100 wlis-Tavs mieZRvna. masSi dabeWdi-lia sapriano, mravalferovani mxatvruli da sxva saxis gamoqveynebebi (publikaciebi): ze-mo aRniSnuli, gazeT `Tavisuf-lebis tribunis~ saarnado (sa redaqcio) gancxadeba mixeil wereTlis da grigol robaqiZis neStebis levilSi gadasvenebis Sesaxeb; giorgi wereTlis gamosaTxovari nekrologi: `kalis-trate salias gardacvalebis gamo~; amave avtoris werili

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i16

redaqtori: enver niJaraZe

dakabadoneba: paata qorqia

uwyebebi _ saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis aTvliTi (perioduli) gamocemaibeWdeba akademiis stambaSi

`b-on kalistrate salias `qar-Tuli literatura dasawyi-si dan Cven dromde~-s Sesa-xeb~ (macneSi: Tavisuflebis tri buna. #23. parizi 11.1978. gv. 9-14.); saqarTvelos so-cial-demokratiuli partiis pa rizis organizaciis rezo-lucia (10.02.1974) da nikoloz uruSaZis mier xelmowerili sa qarTvelos so cialist-fe de-ralistTa partiis warmomad-genlebis gancxadeba k. salias `saqarTvelos istoriis~ Sesa-xeb (macneSi: Tavisuflebis tribuna. #2. parizi 03.1974. gv.2-3.); mixeil qavTaraZis we-rili: `zogisa bambac Cxria-lebs~ (moam beSi: iveria. #25. parizi 08.1982. gv. 18-23.); sa-redaqcio SeniSvna: `salia, sa-lia?~ (moam beSi: iveria. #27. parizi 05.1984. gv. 27.), Cems xelT arsebuli is wyaroebia, romelTa mixedviTac SesaZle-beli gaxda dapirispirebis zogadi suraTis aRdgena. ram-denadac am wyaroebidan irkve-va, kalistrate salia misdami mimarTul sayvedurebs mxo lod sityvierad pasuxobda. yovel SemTxvevaSi, am sakiTxTan da-kavSirebuli sxva ram danaweri me ar gamaCnia. SesaZ loa moam-be `bedi qarTlisas arnadels TviTonac hqonda ganagoni grigolisgan, rom 1884 weli ar iyo misi dabadebis namdvili tvifari, magram, rad gan evropaSi mwerals am wels dabadebulad icnobdnen srulsityvarebsa (enciklopediebsa) da cno-barebSi 1884 welia aRniSnuli), TviTonac am tvi fars miemxro. Zneli saTqmelia, hqonda Tu ara Cafiqrebuli kalistrate salias 1984 wels grigolis pativmigebis gadaxda, magram, Tu hqonda, ra Tqma unda, mwer-lis dabadebis 100 wlisTavs is meored ver aRniSnavda. is-eTi STabeWdileba rCeba, rom Catarebuli pativmigebis sxemomwyobebma (or ga ni zatoreb-ma) daaswres `bedi qarTli-sas~ arnadels da amiT mas sami wlis Semdeg pativmigebis gadaxdis saSualeba waarTves.

amas mowmoben Semdegi sityve-bi: `grigol robaqiZe ara visi kerZo sakuTreba ar aris. is ekuTvnis jer mis mSobel ers, mere mTels kulturul kacob-riobas, maT Soris Cvenc.~ (gi-orgi wereTeli: grigol ro-baqiZe — qarTuli kulturis mSveneba. macneSi: Tavisuf-lebis tribuna. #35. parizi 12.1981. gv. 61). pativmigebis sxe momwyobTa amagi da Zalis-xmeva usaTuod didi madlie-rebis da gansakuTrebuli aR-niSvnis Rirsia. amis ar danaxva, an arasworad danaxva, mkrexe-loba iqneboda. miuxedavad ami-sa, erTi ram mainc xazgasmiT unda iTqvas: cxadia, grigol robaqiZe aravisi kerZo sakuT-reba ar iyo, magram imJamad mi si dabadebis 100 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavi RonisZiebis moTa-veobis yvelaze didi zneobrivi ufleba kalistrate da nino saliebs hqondaT. ara marto imitom, rom `bedi qarTlisa~ grigo lisTvis, rogorc mwer -lisTvis, omis Semdeg erTa derT sasicocxlo wyaros warmoad-genda, aramed imitomac, rom moambis mesveurebs yvelaze ukeT esmodaT didi qarTveli mwerlis msoflSegnebis (filo-sofiis) da Semoqmedebis WeS-mariti mniSv neloba. rac Seexe-ba grigol robaqiZis dabadebis zemoaRniSnul or gansxvave-bul tvifars, sabolood er-Tic sadao gamodga da meorec! ukanasknel xanebSi mignebul sviris wminda giorgis saydris CanawerebSi mwerlis dabadebis tvi farad 1880 wlis 1 noembe-ria Setanili. dasasrul, `bedi qarTlisas~ (#47. parizi 1964) mixedviT, momaqvs moambis qar-Tul rveulebSi grigol roba-qiZis mier gamoqveynebuli danawerebis (teqstebis) sruli sia:

1. saubari kardusTan. #1.2. TanamemamuleTa mimarT —

mowodeba `b. q~-s daxmarebisaT-vis. #2.

3. saubari kardusTan. qar-Tuli Sairi #2.

4. qarTveli dedis werili omSi gayvanil Svilisadmi. #2.

5. mixeil wereTeli. mogone-baTa barduli. #3.

6. saubari kardusTan. mzis xana qarTvelTa. #4.

7. saTaveni Cemi Semoqmedebi-sa. #5.

8. sxvadasxva. #6.9. imam Samil. #7.10. eqspresionizmi. #8.11. Jamsa xumrobisa. (mogoni-

li da gagonili). #9.12. engadi. kavkasiuri nove-

lebi. #10.13. erTi monaweri leopold

ciglerisa. #10.14. engadi (dasasruli). #11.15. ra unda agondebodes qar-

Tvels? #12.16. saWiro ganmarteba. #12.17. ori foToli romanigan

,,dali~.´#1318. interviu grigol roba-

qiZesTan. #14.19. dRiuriTgan. #14.20. mixeil javaxiSvili. niko

firosmani. #15.21. saqarTvelo mis msofl-

xatSi. (frangul enaze). #16.22. lamara (mokle biografia).

#17.23. evgeni gegeWkori (silue-

ti). #18.24. istoria ase ar iwereba. #19.25. mowodeba ,,b. q~-s daxmare-

bisaTvis. #20.26. didi deda romaniTgan

,,dali~. #20.27. saqarTvelo mis msofl-

xatSi. (frangul enaze). #21-22. 28. foTlebi. (k gamsaxurdia,

al, abaSeli, ilo mosaSvili). #24-25.

29. sxvadasxva. (qarTuli literaturidan). #28-29.

30. vaJas engadi. (sagangebo rveuli). #38.

31. galaqtion tabiZe da misi `qebaTa qeba nikorwmindas~. #39-40.

32. `gviani rTveli~ giorgi gamyreliZisa. #39-40.

kalistrate salias garda-cvalebis Semdeg moambe ,,bedi qarTlisas“ gamocema Sewyda.