7251726 (497.11) 19

Aleksandar Kadijevic

TWO COURSES OF SERBIAN ACHITECTURAL ART NOUVEAU: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL

AP~HYBOA: U U

beginning of the twentieth t i S hitt was mkd th stylistic tds: the academism of wd histil styles, the til ssi based the legacies of the S medieval hitt d the domestic vit of t NOLlveaLl, developed Llndel" the Vis - Seces-sion. I fist two directions tiLlltd dLlal Llltl sitis of the dynamic S state, gizd d lgd at the l gss i 1878. eclectic fshmt of the academic sty les Ll bLlildings dig the ftiv id of the S Lllt, aftel" tis of

stgti Lld the kish Lll, imitated the smlit hitt of the jLldicially stLItd gis , while the sh fol" til style ssd the belated

ti stivigs tw'd idisti 'tisti aesthetics of svig people,

Llll w of their own hitg, bLlt also to oLltside inflLlences, the S hitts did not hesitate accepting the t NOLlveaLl and continLled both of its orientations - the ittil and national,2 'hitts

w not yet tid of histiism and accepted the new style as fm of moderate mdizti, Isid t NOLlveaLl 'hitt fm the Llltll familial" ts -, Ll, BLldapest, d gLl - and also its dOltiv vit from the World Exhibition held i is 1900,4 the S hitts imil evolved its national vit dig the fist s of its application. ittilld of Art NOLlveaLl the Si 'hitt was iditl iflLld its [eception RLlssia, thLlgh the tiiti of RLlssian achitects S competitions and the dvis role of their academic institLltions.s the othel" hand, the S gis OIth of BelgIde, along the DaI Llst-LIgi hitts w ltig

53

: - , , -, ,1 , 1878, ,

, ,

, ,

, , -, - .2 , , - - , , , 1900. ,4 , - ,

YCTaHoBa.S

, -

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS HERITAGE / ALEKSANDAR D[(:

the intenational s of AIt Nouveau and its HL1ngaIian national vaIiant.6

t NouveaL1 was gistd the SeIbian tisti idicals the mid-1890s, but it fist "d tisti t,

i stL1ts, book and magazine designs,7 and only latel" ti ts, commissioned . Althollgh abollt fifty of active SIbi hitts applied elements of the style - and some of them w llll woIking othel" styles as well - t NOllveall ts w most ambitioL1sly de-veloped YOL1ng aL1tl1ol"s, longing fol" l"giti . The fist uildigs with Al"t Nouveall htl"istis appeal"ed fl"om 1900 l1wds. The style was pl"edominantly ssd i the hlg of the facades, and only ll the design of space, stL1t and stL1tiI1 of seculal" bllildings. Due to svtiv attitL1de of the mmissis, the t NOllveau style was not sillsl sl1t tlle Sel"bial1

sd tt. 8 Aftel" it had fist applied the facade dl"tis

of the hotel l' i Cacak 1899-1900,9, bL1ilt aftel" the dsig of the Viel1l1ese al"chitect ll! g, the fllwig five yeal"s t Nouveall was implemel1ted lgd and

OI cities of the ingdom of S the al"ChitectLl-[ of d two stol"ey houses .1o Fom 1906 to the begil1nil1g of WOl"ld Wal" 1, whel1 the style was decline wld

tt, its applicatiol1 tI1 facades and i il1til"S of pL1blic

54

-, .6

, -

, , ,7 , . , ,

, . 1900. , -, , , . , - . 8

1899-1900. ,9

, , . I 1906. , , , - -

. 1. . 6u, u , iJl

TWO COURSES SCRBIAN ACHITECTURAL ART NOUVEAU: INTEH.NATIONAL AND NATIONAL

uildigs - hotels, ks , coopeltives, office uildigs, de-tts sts, schools - was fqllt. Aftel' the d of the w, i the Llltitil igd of SeIbs, Cloats d

Slvis (d f 1929, the igd of YLlgoslavia), the lts of t NOLlveaLl, st i few Llildigs,

bldd it the hlg of the til SIbi-zti style, ssiis d t Deco. 11

Modestly td at the lgd School of AIchitec-tue,12 gltd i the pojects of the iist of PLlblic WOl"ks of the igd of Si d latel' igd of Ss,

ts d SlviS/Llgs]vi, 13 .t NOllveall was v official school dti state fvd style, jllSt tttiv, lttiv stylistic disili. BecaLlse of its i ht it was t acceptable to the SLlppOl"tel"S of stit social d tisti ns, t sllitable fol' the svtive political and llltl elite, bllt tttiv l to ambitiollS ts, hts , ks d f-thikig itllctllals. 14 d with the s of the limitative dmis, YOLlng hitts saw i the compositions, tils and deco-ltions of the new style fsh possibilities fOl" ssi and cIeative impovement. Ild i meaningful, stylistically

htgllS S hitt fom the l 1900s, the sttn of t NOllveall was i ti WOl"ks dominant, i ths evenly applied, and some only fIgt AlthoLlgh it v d its f except the Dtt st at 16, tlja t Stt i lgd, but l till with concessions, adapted to the f fm of academic plans and the tif division of facade zs, t Nouveall expedited the dizti of the S hitt. In

th, it pomoted the iils ti1at the fm of building

55

. 2. . muu, Hapogliu !1, gJtU Il (1928)

Fig. 2. D. Bosko\iic, National Museul11, stuclent 's c/raJt (1928)

, , , , , . , , ( 1929. ), - , ,

- , -. 11

, 12 /,13 -

, , . , , , , . 14 , ,

.

, , - , , . , ( 16

), , ,

, - . ,

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS HERITAGE I ALEKSANDAR ADIJEVIC

. . u u, u uguu, 1924.

Fig. . Petar n! Branko Krstic, Pavilion n Ntilaclelphia, clraft, 1924.

was iil defined its futi d stutu d t tlle issid style d so diiishd the diff tween the tt d fm i hitt.

Despite tlle limitations of tI1 uildig lgislt that Ilibited Ol" tsiv tus tI1 facades d to make tI1 l witll tlle istig llittl vi

lt, 15 the liti of tlle ittil tis of t Nouveau iflud hitts to diS1gd the di steleotypes i the dsig 01' public d ivt uildigs i

Si. The di ts ofthe ltishi tw the ig lemts d tlle weigllt, the emphasis the fim poi.nts of the msiti d tili til1ts, tlle hihil d of tLls, walls, ill shaded ts d l1ts, w gl u ll LlllClllid , ul1af-,,"ected Secessiol1 stLIts. DLle to dLld [espect of tI1 l'ixed pattems, d gt tilit i the Ll se of fl1ctio l capacities ofthe uildigs, tlle tLIs lll lg d tlle stit classical ilig 01: tlle {acades was abal1dol1ed. Tlle usual d l top comices, i lllts , static scu ]ts, closed, s I -S LII:I:i i t mtl wholes, classi-c is t ic colLlmlls alld gabIes, w Ieplaced ll alld olg

WO COURSES OFTHE SERBIAN URL ART NOUVEAU: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL

tS't, sometimes asymmetl'ically CO lllposed,16 theil" s waIIs fItt, wl1iIe spatiaI stLltLII's I tIle gizatiol1 space, except i sidtil llittLI,17 w ivl to gt dg i l witll tI1 f1ti oftIle LliIclig . 18

Il belts Lld the top is 01: tlle {acades w dissoIved with the tis vtiI cIivisiol1aI Its of tI1 middle z. Istd tI1 tlitiI litis, and sill alol1gside tI1, tIl w Secessiol1ist masks, female I1eads, fll al1d l1ml mts, distibLltd alol1g tIle f plal1es of the facades. I1 ltiv fields sd bOLlgLlets sgLls with masks al1d tits. 19 stit divisiol1 of the facades zs was diSLltd , while the I1dss al1d l1nl1tlit, I1tisti of tI1e aLltho-

. 4. . , , [OL

Fig. 4. . Tanazevic, Njegoseva Street 11

57

, 16 , () , , 17 . 18

. , , , , ] , . - . 19 , .

. 5. . gu, . ug, g , 39

Fig. 5. . Ruvi(!ic, 1. Fi(lanOliic, Smeclerevo Cre(!it Bank, Terazije Street 39

ISTORICAL MONUMENTS HERITAGE / ALEKSANDAR ADIJEVIC

[itative academism weIe diminished. Sometimes the msition of the facade was sl1bjl1gated to its onamental plastic. Il1stic appeaIance of the gl1d flOOI was Iedl1ced and stylized and the elevation fts w 10ngeI oveIempha-sized and al1tonomOl1S bl1t oIganically l1nited. Aftel" the do-mination of the hiztllg fts, the facades ftd veItical Iegl1lation of the ZOl1es. Lightness [eplaced stiffss and weight, decentIalization Ieplaced hiIh, tIal1Spat'en- - exaggeIated complexity. Althol1gh the main motif of the siti was sacIificed to its dmti imssi, the facades weIe ttd as wholes, withol1t maIked paIticl1laIi-zation. Attics and ball1stIades gIadl1ally si11011S d 1111dl1lated, while the pilasteIs and masci'teroni 1111mmisingly bIoke thl1gh the IestIaints of the hih. S~I

hitt was gdl1ll emancipated fm the sce-110gIaphic tifiti of ssi.

. 6. . , [, 16

Fig. 6. V Azriel, Department store, Kralja Petra Street 16

58

. , , .

, . ,

, . ,

, . , . .

, -,

. 7. . , , 39

Fig. 7. S. itelbal1, / Peta Street 39

TWO OURSES OI:: THE SERlAN ACHITECTURAL ART NOUVEAU: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL

. 8. . guu, . , uu 26

Fig. 8. D. Vllisvlvi, Commercial Bank, Knez ililv Street 26

1 the sh of hittl mts, the ittil methods of t Nouveau established i the wks of Victol" t d Otto Wg,20 w tlsfd to the S

i1itt thl"Ough fms d themes ffgd, stucco, st d mi-!sti dtis of f10l, zmhi d gmti ht. Nvthlss, except fOl" few examples, the l1se of mh!g d mtils of t Nouveal1 style did

t automatically assume mass liti of the Hew stl1Ctl gmts , i stuts glass ti walls. 21

With g'd to the itti! t NOl1veal1 tdis i S hitt, d the example of hotel i Cacak, should also it out the most imtt lgd examples: tl1 hOl1se of gi v Smdv (1901)22 with successfolly dsigd , boad tl1s i the

59

. 9. . 150u, . u, , uu 35

Fig. 9. D. Dordevic, . StevanO\lic, building tl1e Serblan Royal Academy, Knez ililv Street 35

,20 , , - ,

. , , - , , -.21

, , : (1901),22 ,

, ,

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS HERITAGE I ALEKSANDAR ADIJEVIC

receded grol1nd floor and the Secessionist floral decora-tions of the first floor, whe1"e the decOIative ft is ql1ality in itself and not jl1st an inte1"preter of the hiera1"chi- composed academic stt. bl1ilding of the Society for the Embellishment of 1" (1901 ),23 designed architect Milan Antonovic, is characte1"istic in its decora-tive iron fence l1sed instead of an attic with l1nl1sl1al zoom01"-phic motifs. Secessionist decOIations 1"eplaced the fOImer ball1strades; this 1"evised the academic 1"eg111ations f01" the composition of the top most zone of the facade. flo1"al Secessionist ornaments fOl1nd the facades of one-storey fil hOl1ses bl1ilt ol1tside the cente1" of the capital, in bOl"ol1ghs of Dorcol, Grantovac and Englezovac: the hOl1se of . at 35, S111i Street (1904),24 designed architect Stojan itelbah, the town villa of the ht R.

. 10.1. u, l1l , 1

Fig. 10. . Ilkic, /1Otel Moskva, Balkanska Street 1

60

. (1901),23 , ,

. , , . , , : . 35 (1904), 24 , . 1 (1910),25 , 31 (1908),26 -

WO COURSES I-I SERIAN ACHIT CCTURAL ART NOUVEAU: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL

vvi at 1, Stv S Stt (1910),25 dsigd architect Ik zvi, the house of Galtija Leone at 31, FI-ancuska Stl"eet (1908),26 dsigd al"chitect Dura Bajalovic, the house of il tvi at 11, ilandarska Stl"eet (1908),27 etc.

of the it public lldigss i Art Nouveau style built at tttiv Belgrade locations is certainly hotel Moskva (1906-1907).28 Istd ofthe dsig the Zagreb al"chitect ViktOl" KovaCic, who won the mtitiid Otto Wagnel" g othel"s, the Is m Rosija decided upon the design which was second the list, the local 'hitt Il; it was latel" adapted unknown al"chitects fl" St. tl"sg. With the vel"ticallines of the

stl"ut, the absence of l"epl"esentative utlit de-spite its size, dl"ti siti, the absence of stiff tilil" hOl"izontal divisions, the effectiveness of the gl"een-

-,' mi coating of the centl"al facade zone and deco-ti l"edllCed to the shallow Secessionist plastic, this bllilding

stds Ollt in the vimt of Belgl"ade downtown. Dtt stOl"e (1907), built aftel" the design Viktor zil ,29 pl"esumably brought f Vienna, displayed the structural d aesthetic advantages of the Hew style in the hitt of ml"il buildings . Its functional, interior, its il"on bridge and gallel"ies, exceeded the past l"ience in the new stylistic l"itti. font is designed like glass ti held iron gl"id, ssd between

l"bl pillal"s. pl"ettiness and good quality of execution of the tlisti Secessionist rnt of Viennese v enticed general dil"ti.

Although l"iil l"itd toward dis, the st l"wd tandem of authol"s i the S l"hitt -

61

. 11. , g

Fig. 11. Hotel Moskva, (letail

, 11 (1908?7 .

-, , (1906-1907) . 28

, , , -. , ,

, , , , - , . (1907) ,29 , - . , , , . ,

. , , .

, - , 1907. ,

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS / ALEKSANDAR ADIjEVIC

Nikola Nstvi and d Stevanovic - bLlilt in 1907 sttiv city palace with Secessionist elements fO!' the local mht Stamenkovic; the bLlilding is known as the hOLlse with g tiles.30 Its volLlme, despite the tditionalist iti t, is fshd the oLltside with vticals that k thLlgh the [oof conjce. The facade of hotel

istl with its f LlndLllated stLlt (1910-1912) ,3 1 designed Nikola Nestoovic, was isid the font t of hotel Moskva. Among the [emaining significant ples of the intenational t NOLlveaLl in lgld hitt, with visible mts of the mhlg of academism, shoLlld mti the cone hOLlses as well as those td ssds: the hOLlse of Levi (1907) designed Stojan itelbah, VLlca's hOLlse (1908) designed Dimitl'ije

. 12. . u, . u, l u, 41, g

Fig. 12. N Nestorovic, . Stevanovic, Kralja Petra Street 41, cletail

62

, . 30 , , . , (1910-1912),31

, . - , , , :

(1907) , (1908) . , (1908)

. 1 . u lu, 16, g

Fig. 13. Department store, Kralja Petra Street 16, cletail

WO COURSES OF - SERBJAN ACHJTECTURAL ART NOUVEAU: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONA J~

. Leko, tlle ffis' tiv (1908) dsigd Dil Vladisavljevic, SvetozaI" vvi d VladimiI" , as well as the hOLlses bLlilt it the existil1g stt bIocks -hotel Gd (1900), tlle stLldio of ll1 l10, pllOtO-

gh ( 1902-1903) dsigd il tvi, tI1 house of' l11ht dvi (1910) desigl1ed St Sto-110 , tlle ml k (1911) dsigd Dil V1adisavljevic, the Smdv dit Bal1k (1912) dsigd

ild Ruvidic d Isailo Fidvi, the t k (1914-1924) desigl1ed Dil Vladisavljevic, the Llildig of the Si Royal Academy (1914-1924) dsigd

l1d Stvvi al1d DgLlti Ddvi (with ti of Milal1 l1). 32 ll imp01"tal1t examples of t NouveaLl i othel' S tOWl1S il1clude the villas lvl-

. 14. . , , ~ 22, g

Fig. 14. . Bajalovic, KosanCice v venac Stl'eet 22, detail

------

----

63

, ,

- - (1900), .IIU (1902-1903) ,

(191 ) , (1911) , (1912) Jl

, (1914-1924) , (1914-] 924) , ( ) .32 - ,

, (1911, ) , (1905), (. ), ]-IO (1910), (1910), (1912), (1912), (1912), . (1913) .33

- , ,34

35 . 36 - -, 1911.

.37 , , -. , , .38

,

. ,

, 1900. ,39 -.

, , , , ( ), - ( , . . ) . ,

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS HERITAGE / ALEKSANDAR ADIjEVIC

. 15. u:u, l 11, g

Fig. 15. Njegoseva Street 11, cletail

d i Vk , the [111l house of SotiI i i Leskovac (1911), dsigd SvetozaI v

, SI., the house of Dc dl vvi i Sabac (1905), tI1 ut Authoity uildig i Veliko GIdist, dsigd MiloIad Ruvidic, the t d the ut AuthoIity uildig

i Nis (1910), the ut AllthOl"ity uildig i PiIot (1910), tI1 l111t School d PhaImacy i Ngti (1912), the 1101Ise ofMilos "ifvi i Uzice (1912), hOllse ofZaha-

Hadzi St111kvi i Vlsti (1912), tI1 laIge hOllse . Nikolic i KIaglljevac (1913), d otl1eIS. 33 S0111e SeI-

hitts woIked i tI1 lIst-lIgi 1110h all.d dsigd i the style of Sssi , like il Tabako-

,34 Milos ildivi35 d DIagisa Sv.36 ll lll i111itti of the oldest igil ults

bIollght about vtis of stl11i d gti I1tifs i tlle S AIt NOllveall llitt , tillll o bviollS i the vili of tI1 igdI11 of SeIbia i ROl11e i 19 ] 1.37 The aIchitect of the vili , PetaI Bajalovic, applied ll11ts of it hitt, IephIased the 111ethods AIt Nouveall, the sfs of the wfl ll of the

Llildig. Tllis itst i the legacies of - clll-tLIIes was istigtd Iv stvi , Wl10 was th

iflLltil, ittill gizd as sCLllptoI d locally a ls o as aIchitect.38

Rs to igil lllts gave impetLIS to tlle SLlPPOI-te LS 01' til histoIicis111, Wl10 kw we ll tl1

TWO COURSES OF - SERIAN IURL ART NOUVEAU: NRNNL AND NNI~

tt 'l"O the 1'ttll tLI

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS HERITAGE / ALEKSANDAR I

slim domes, polychromatic segments applied along the romantically divsifid facade covering ! absence of stit academic discipline. Together with the Sssiist dti d the foms of ts it mifsts 1"L1l10-viC's polysemantic romantic h.

When Art NOllveallleft histil scene i 1920s llnder the ss of the w til-mti tditilism, that flishd i the llOl" wake of llit of South Slavic peopJes, emerging modenism and the demism that m mOl" powerflll as llnofficial state style,

WOl"d Sssi td it pejorative dmiti of excessive sllbjectivism d imlllsivss i hitt. Nvthless, alongside the few belated examples,50 mts of t NOllveall the lldigss dsigd itil style. llvi's Post office 2 i lgd (1927-1929),51 sidd the gllidig m of the td, had the gcled stllt of the llm, ts d lvti tigs htisti of the t NOllveall style as mllch as of Czecl1

l1d-llbism , the tl ssiism and Art Deco. hitt lksd Dk achieved l1l10btl1sive

iliti of til d ittil t NOllveall fms the family hOllse Elezovic (1928) lgd,52 while the expressionism of l1dsd masses, composed aftel" the itl1ational iils of Art NOllveall, dis1d i 1111-realized designs for the YllgosJav vili i Philadelphia ( 1924) Petal" al1d l1k Kl"stic, hh of St. Sava

( 926) Dllsan , tI1 l1l1 (1828) dsigd Alek-salldal" Vasic d Natiol1al Mllsellln (1928) Dd Bos-kovic.53 belated Sssiist vti of ancient si hitt,54 obviollS i tl1e static msiti of the mm('iaL m0l1llment to t Ukw Avala lgd (1937), mkd the t of its llth, Iv Stvi . 55

Althollgh ! NOllveall was dditill thmtizl the itis itd toward model1ism, the office for the l 'tti of llltl mllmts i S was bl to sv its most mit examples i lgd aftel" tI1 Sd World Wac56 Uftlltl, tis was t the case witb llmllS tis i t tws, neglected i st

i gl-hs as well. two ss S t NOllveall illllstt t ide-

ological wvil1g of [11 twtith t S 'itects who oscillated tw t il1t1til , mdizig icleal d the til , gill gizbl d histicall ooted ss i. tl1is lltllti , itstd i tl1e

i l til isslle, [11 mit of S itts did (, dll sigl-l11ig sss lt mixed lmts

J"On difft styles l I1f't! ideologies. Despite ilit t 01' [11 tis d tI1 !isi

t to follow tl1e ("llles 01: sty le, they made l l1[ . ( 1.I -dgl11ti d !smti, thf gizabJe the hitt 01' Sllt st .

66

- , , , , - ,

. , 5 - . 2 (1927--1929),5 1 ,

, -, -, -. (1928) , - ,52 ,

-, (1924) , . (1926) , (1928)

(1928) . 53 ,54 (1937), ,

.55 - ,

,56 , .

- , ,

, , .

, , , .

, ,

,

.

TWO COURSES OF SERBIAN ACHITECTURAL ART NOUVEAU: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL

Notes:

Abollt [ll Sill 'h ittll fl tile late Ilille teelltll alld \11 ' l twellt ic tll tll, see: Z . Mallevic, inii mocleme lklu g(/(/, lli tktll lIlli z l 16, gd 1962, 46-49 (Z. Mallcv ic,

I7. il/s /lgl's moclem tl, ll ittll lI llisl 16, lgld 1962, 56); G . Godic, !1itktnsk naslecte g(/(! g/ 1, Saopstellja ZZZSKGB 6, Beograd 966 (G. Gdi , i tg

ilit lltlliqLl dLl titi dc Belgrade, IIlStitLlt Ll l potectioll des 1l1OIlLIIllellts ili s tiqlls de l vilJe de Igd, llllllllitiIl S 6, lgd 1966,98-99); Z. Skl lll , Secesija lklui g(/(/ 1900-19 14, ZLUMS 3, Novi Sad 1967,3 13- 340 (Z. Skl lll, La Secessiol! clans / ' /1ittu de gl 1900-1914, Matica slpska.

Sti cles ts. Recilerches sLlr l' art 3, Novi Sad 1967, 340-343); . Nestorov ic, Nosioci i1itktnsk m isli Si 1 1Ieka, Saopste llj a IAUS 2, gd 1969, 49-55 (. Nstvi , Les mtus / / pensee tlu.l clans [ S clu 1 siecle, Istitllt d 'arcll itectlll'e et d ' lII'balli sllle de Serbie. BLllJetill d ' inforlllatioll 2, lgd 1969, 93-94); Z. Skalalllera, n01l sskg sti/a u lk i, Z LUMS 5, Novi Sacl 1969, 189- 223 (Z. Sk ll , Le nu1lllmn.I / slyle S c/ans L 'llu , Matica ssk. Sectioll des arts . Recllerllers SLII" I '! 5, Novi Sad 1969, 233- 236); Z. vi , N01lija ssk

tkt , ill: Srpska 'hitkt 1900-1970, Beograd 1972, 13-17; . Nestorovic, gld spomenika !1itklu u Sji 1 1Ieka, Sst RZZZSK , Beograd 1974, 141 - 179 (. Nstvi, Les monumen.lS d'!7iltu S 1 et clebut du siecle, IIlStitllt POlIf l

potect ioll des l IlLllllllts ili stoiqLles de l RepLlbliqLle de Serbia. COllllllLlIlicatiolls 1 , lgld 1974, 168-169); Id. , f1itkt Sij

XIX 1Ieku (lll sit , SANU, Ist. zbirka . 14.410, Beograd 1974, 502- 587); . Di-Zllll , gll 1898-1914, iz Gv iskg d, gd , 1980 (. DLIi-Zllll , lgl 1898-19 14. Oata fl the Achives of the lIildig lit, Belgrade 1980, 11-1 6); Id, Glitlji gl 1815-1914, gd 198 1 (. DLli -Zll , /gl f1itts (!1 / /m 1815 10 19 14, l gd 1981 , 11 9-1 24); . Medakovic, Secesija - slil oko 1900, ill : Sveclocellja, Beograd 1984, 48- 50; Z. Skl l Secesija ssk tktui , Zik Ndllg lll z II-2, Beograd, 1985, 7- 13 (Z. Skalalllera, At NU1l S !1ittu, RecLlei l dll MlIsee Natiollal II-2, Belgrade 1985, 12-1 3); Z . , Ssk !1.itktu l1llstg veka, i : ilitktLl vijeka. Umjeln.ost tlu Jugosla-\Iije, gd-Zg-st 1986, 20-22; . KLlljC-. tiv i Cvijill, t Nml\leclLI Style YugosLavia, : t NOLlveall/JlIgendstil

hittll ill , 1988, 218-220; V. . Solaja - . S. Mag-dic , Inienjei u KnjaiesNu/Kalje1lini Siji 0(l 1834. gocline clo za1l1'-setka 1l0g s1lelskog t, gd 1994; . Kadijevic, Jeclan vek 'ienja nacion.alnog stila u ssk f1itkti (s!in 1 - slin 1Ieka), gd 1997,71-103 (. Kadijevic, l1e n n. / nl slyle sg S ttu (t!1e midcLLe oftl1e 19111 n{ - (/1 mic/clle 0/ t11e 20111 tu), lgd 1997, 267) ; . , lki simboli beogadskim mmm zclanjima, gd 1997, 60-83; . KadijeviC, I'tktu i nizm Si od 1854. clo 1904. goc!ine, : Nallka i teilnika LI Si dg l I veka, .g ll

1998, 263-283 (. Kad ijevic, ttu and uism n Sebia (1854-1904) , : Science d tlis ill Serbia dillg the secolld ilalf of XIXth t, lgLlv 1998, 284); Leksikon sskil1 !1itkat 19. i 20. veka (editoI" Z. vi) , Beograd 1999; Z . vi , 1stij ssk tktu lvijg doba , i : Leksikoll sskiJlil (editoI" Z.

vi) , gd , 2002, .

67

Althollgll i vd lti v l ' l , \11C I 'llil'i t i Il S of tlle illtllti'l1 l alld Ilatiollal t NOLlveaLI 11 HVC bccll cOllscie ll tioLlsly slld ) \11

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS HERITAGE / ALEKSANDAR ADIJEVIC

10 . Rt, Jecll1opooc!ic'l1e stambel1e zgl 19. i poc'etka 20. \leka u 8glu , llitktllik 1 , gd 1996, 11 8-135.

11 ll iliztiIl of the Sll hittLll" betweell tlle two wld ws, see: Z. Mallevic, Juc'easl1je g!it/.ml, Ullizm gd 53-54, gd 1979, ilg 9, J- XXXI. AboLlt ssilli sm alld t

D ill that time Sll hittLll" , see: . Kadijevic, Elemeti eks-siizm u Slpskoj tktui izmecfu C!II(/ s\letska , Momellt 17,

gd 1990, 90-1 ; Z. Mallevic, ! Deco ! Narional Tenclencies in Sebial1 n:ttu, SpatiLlm 1, lgd 1997, 34-38; . ,

Fuski l7itkt Ekspe i Deko u 8 eognlclu, Naslede , gd 200 1, 67-83 (. Jovallovic, !1 !1itt ! al1cl ! Deco il1 8lg!, itg III , lgd 200 1,83).

12 011 tlle gmmti illttiIl alld tlle sll of till styles t sd of i1ittLll" ill lgd , see: . Rt-lgvi, Nastava tktu \lisim i \lisokoskolskim ustanO\lama u glu tokom 19. i poc'etkom 20. \leka , GGB XLIV, gd 1997, 125-168 (with l

littLll") (. Roter-B1agojevic, Tesc!J.ing system l1ittu Hig!1.e ancl!J.ig!1.est eclucation institutiol1s in !gl luig 19111 20111 tu, llllLli de 1 11 de lgd XLIV, 1gd 1997, 167-168).

13 Z. Mallevic, Juc'easnje g!it(stv ... ; . , Dusf1!eni uslo\li aZ \litka l1itktsk stuk u glu 1920-1940. gocl, Beogl-ad 1979, 259-264 ( . , !J.ittu !gl cle 1920 1941 . Conc!itions sociales et poJessionales, lgd 1979, 271-274); S. Toseva, giZClij i dtktnskg ocle(jenja iiststv ga(te\lina u ilu izmectu cl\lCl s\letska / , Naslede II, gd 1999, 171-184 (S. Toseva, giztin ! activity tl1e ltmt o.f l1ittu in tl1e iist ci\lil ginig in tl1e peiocl nn

ll! l(/ s, itg 11, lgd 1999, 181). 14 . Ni , Jeclan \lek ssk st\I(//-!G'k inteligencije 1820-1920,

gd 2002.

15 . , Stai g\liski zakon I gac! 8gl : DLlstvlli Lls10- ... 11-13; S. . Nedic, Gt\lisk zakonoc!a\lSf1!O gl kajem. 1 i poc'etkom veka, GGB XLIV, gd 1997, 115-1 23 (S. . Nedic, Lg isltu builcling ~vk il1 8!g! ar tl1e ! tl1e Nitl1.t17 anc!tlle 8eginning .{ {! llltitll cenul/Y, IlLli de

l ville de lgd XLIV, lgd 1997, 123). 1(, . DLldvi - . Kadijevic, Simtij u \l S11Jskoj !J.itktui ,

ZLUMS 27-28, Novi Sad 1991-1992, 6-7 (. DLII"devic - . Kadijevic, Die Sl11mti cle Ssl1 !7.ifktu, Matica ssk. Sec-tioll eles ts . Rhhs SLlI" l' t 27-28, Novi Sad 199 1-1 992, 13-14).

17 Tlle illtltlence of tlle Viellllese Secess ioll alld JLlgelldstil f Llll , ~IS well as tlle Fllh dtiv ' lli t cO Ll1 el ivd ill tlle Sll i1ittLll" l ill tlle ll't(//lO\I(//!ia kajem I i po(e tkol17 \Ieka l/ 8g!u , : Ud

slanovanja, gld 1998, 2 1-32.

68

18 Z. Skl, Secesija u ssk.i !J.itktui ... 11. 19 D. Sikimic, Fasaclna skultu u Beogaclu , gd 1965; D. Radova-

, . cit; Z. Jakovljevic, Fasaclna skultu u glu - m; zastite, G1asllik DKS 16, gd 1992, 178-1 82; . Novakovic, II!ucija secesijskog 1.mt, OPLIS gll11 3-4, gd 2000, 6.

20 . Rascl-Hickok, ViktoJ" t, ill: Istij mocleme tktu 1. ; moclemizma (ed. . R. ) , gd 1997, 400-407; . Vg, Oto Vagnel', ill: Istij moclem.e !1.itktu 1 . .. 509-524.

21 See: Z. , inii 1110! tktu g! ... 48; Id, Novija ssk I1itktu . .. 16; D. Radovallovic, . cit; . Kadijevic, S!1ltl1 kstukij u novijoj ssk al1itektui, Uivzittsk misao 2, isti 1994, 16-17 (. Kadijevic, udstnclig l1stutil1 in l S !7.ittu, Uivsit 1, i sti 1993, 21).

22 G. Gdi , . cit, 56; Z. Skll11 , Secesija tktui 8gl .. . 320-32 1; Z. Mallevic, ibid ; D. DLIi-ZI11010, Glitlji 8gl .. . 94-95; Z. Skl, Secesija u ssk f1itktui ... 10; . Ll ,

gl u po.~losti ... 3 11.

23 G. Gdi , ibid ; Z. Sklm, Secesija u f1itktui ... 32 1; . Nesto-, g!! ... 157; Z. , NO\lija .. . 16; . DLli-Zml, Gl-aclite!ji gl . . . 19; . VLljovic, ibid, 248-249

24 Z. Skll, Seces(ja !7ilktui gl 1900- 1914, ZLUMS 3, Novi Sad 1967, 322; S. Ncclic, ilg ((/\I({ kuG'e s\lestel1ika ilila . Popo\liG'a u usuli ulici ,: 35, Nas1edc 1, gd 1997, 61-68 (S. Nedic, tiuti { tlle stucly ( 110m \lll! i!il . PopopiG' 35 usu!in stt, itg 1, 1gd 1997, 67).

25 D. Di-Zl11l , G!it(i gl ... 101 . 26 G. Gdi , !7itktl1sk l1aslecte ... 73 ; D. Radovanov ic, . cit, 286,

296; Lj. Miletic-l1lvi , !7itktu zidij i \li!a 8gl 1830-2000, gl2002 , 102-103 (Lj. Mi1etic-vi, lgl Resicletia! n! Vil/a !7ittu 1830-2000, lgd 2002, 102-1 03).

27 G. Lazic, !7itkt Mi!an Antol/O\liG' (1868-1929), ZLUS 27-28, Novi Sad 1991-1992,23-24 (G. Lazic, tt Milal1 Antol1 opiG' (1868--1929), Matica s sk. Section eles ts. Rhs s I ' t 27-28, Novi Sad 199 1-1 992, 35); Lj . Mi1etic-mvi, it\l glil1 1, llitktLI

WO COURSES SI.:.I BIAN ACHITECTURALART NOUVEAU: INTCRNATIONAL AND NATIONAL

\li - g/itlji g/ ( / 0 /

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS HERITAGE / ALEKSANDAR ADIJEVIC

46 . , . cit. 47 G. Gordic, . cit, 83; . Nestoovic, ibid; . , . cit, 249; .

Kadijevic, Jeclan \lek ... 90. 48 . m, Mi!1aila PetO\lica - Alasa, : KosanciCev ,

Beograd 1979, 102-104; . , . cit, 186- 187; . Kadijevic, . cit, 86; Lj. Miletic-mvi, . cit, 108-109.

49 . Kadijevic, m Ull, gd 1996,34-36 (. Kadijevic, m mll, BelgIade 1996, 165-166); Id, Je(lan \lek taZenja ... 97, 311.

50 See house of ll mht Kosta Jovanovic in Novi Sad [m 1922. g, ar-h. Dake , : S. Jovanovic, Uizm i tktu v polo\line veka Vojvodini, DaNS 20-21, Novi Sad 1998, 18; .

itvi, Daka Popo\lic, in: GIaditelji Novog Sada, druga polovina XIX - polovina veka, DaNS 30, Novi Sad 2000, 36.

51 Z. Manevic, Rmtisk ten(lencije, I Novine 14. 1 1980, 18; Id, Romanticna l,itktu .. . 11; D. , Byzcmtium Belgnl(le .. . 87-88; . Kadijevic, MomiI" m\l ... 63-65; Id, Jeclan \lek .. . 150-151 ; . Jovanovic, Fnuski tkt Ekspe i Ar Deko ga(lu , Naslede III, gd 200 1,78, 81; D. ilsivi-i, Vo(licY koz mo(lemu tktuu ... 54.

52 Z. . Jovanovic, lksl Deoko, gd 1991 ,62,88 (Z. llO, l(! Dk (1894-1988), Igd 1991 , 115-116); . , . cit, 260-261; . Kadijevic, Je(lan \lek . .. 157, 326; D. ilsivi-r-iC, ibid, 87.

70

53 Abollt those ts and objects see: Projekti stu(lenata abltekture. ! studenata hitkt, gd 1928, 1-2; Z. Manevic, Roman-(61 11itktu, Beograd 1990, 8; . KadijeviC, Jeclan lIek ... 130, 136- 137, 168.

54 imil tombs of Darius in Pasargadae, [m 529 .. see: . , nekim ikonoloskim pitanjima MestO\licellOg mauzoleja LO\lcenu, Glasnik Odeljenja umjetnosti CANU 6, itgd 1985, 96-97 (. MijoviC, Some iconological questions st\li's mausoleum Lovcen, The MessengeI" of Art Dtmt of MontenegIian Academy of At and Science 6, itgd 1985, 109).

55 . Deanovic, MestO\licevi sti, Covjek i st 12, ZagIeb 1983, 23-27; . Vujovic, gl lsti .. . 334; . Ski, Avala, Spo-menik NeznanomjLtnaku, in: Spomenicko naslede S ... 85

56 See the reports pIotected bllildings in the [epublican, [egional (intercommunal) and town institutes foI" pIotection of monuments of

ult as well as texts published in magazines SaopStenja RZZZSK (Institut l tti des monuments histiqus de l Repulique de S. Communications) Saopstenja ZZZSKGB (Institut l

tti des monument histiqus de l ill de BelgIade. mmlications), Glasnik DKS (The MessengeI" ofSociety of svts of

S), Naslede (itg), Sti Kosova i Metohije (Antiquities de Kosovo et Metohija), Gd za uv spomenika kultu Vojvodine (til foI" Vojvodina's cultllal mOIlLlments stLldying), Raska bastina (Raska's heIitage) alld catalogLles KuIturno Ilaslede S. Zastita i lIectellje 1947-1982. (BeogIad 1982) Spomenicko naslede Srbije i lIvi bastine (gd 1998).