1 biodiversity assessment and coml hiroyuki matsuda (ynu/cosie) special thanks to: ministry of...

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Biodiversity assessment and CoML

Hiroyuki Matsuda (YNU/COSIE)Special thanks to:

Ministry of Environment, Japan (MoE)

Japan Wildlife Research Center (JWRC)

Nissui

Drs M.Hori, MJ. Kishi, F. Koike, S.Masunaga, H.Mukai, M. Sano, and others

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Marine Ecosystems Concerns海洋生態系への懸念

R. A. Myers & B. Worm (2002) Nature in press. “Rapid worldwide deple-tion of large predatory fish communities” …We conclude that declines of large predators that initially occurred in coastal regions, have extended throughout the global ocean, with potentially large consequences on ecosystems.Top predators are good indicator of ecosystems.

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R. A. Myers & B. Worm(2003)のマグロ激減説　 Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities

Nature 423:280-283 (2003)

故 RansomMyers

BorisWorm

…We conclude that declines of large predators that initially occurred in coastal regions, have extended throughout the global ocean, with potentially large consequences on ecosystems.

405/12/16 4

マグロ激減説の Ransom Myersは 2005年に Fortune誌の世界十大人物に選ばれ

た

http://as01.ucis.dal.ca/ramweb/

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CPUE≠Stock size in spatially heterogeneous distribution

I II I II

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Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) CoP10, Nagoya, Japan, 2010

CBD CoP10 is important because of the 2010 Biodiversity Target (CoP6). Host nation Japan must keep leadership of further goals.

“Parties commit themselves to […] achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss.”

I expect Ministry of Environment to make Comprehensive Environmental Assessment with indicators

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Draft framework of marine biodiversity by Matsuda

DP1:Fisheries & exploitation• Overfishing• By-catach• Aquaculture• Bottom trawling• Catch of marine mammals

Driving forces/Pressures State/Impacts Response

DP2 Civil engineering• Fluvial sediment• Reclamation, artificial

shore and breakwater• Gravel dipping

SI1 Loss of species richness• Mean trophic levels• Fish stock biomass• Mammals, birds & turtles

R1 Sustainable use• Catch regulation• Ecolabels• Stock rehabilitation p

rogram

SI2 Habitat loss/degradation• Sand beach• Sea grass/weed beds• Tidal flat• Coral reefs

DP3 Pollution and debris• Eutrophication• Oil spilling• Exotic species• Chemicals (TBT)

SI3 Material cycling• Red tide, blue tide• Imposex of snails

R2 MPAs by• International MPAs• National parks• Voluntary MPAs• Nature restoration pro

jects

R3 Env. regulations• Env. Impact Assess.• BOD emissions• TBT regulationSI4 Genetic pollution

• SalmonidsDP4 Climate change• Global warming• pH decrease

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Draft framework of marine biodiversity by Matsuda

DP1:Fisheries & exploitation

• Overfishing (Trends of catch species composition of Tokyo Bay?)

• By-catach (?)• Aquaculture (Trends of produc

tion)• Bottom trawling (Southeastern

China Sea?)• Cull of mammals (Steller sea l

ions)

Driving forces/Pressures DP2 Civil engineering• Fluvial sediment• Reclamation, artificial shore

and breakwater• Gravel dipping (?)

DP3 Pollution and debris• Eutrophication • Oil spilling (?)• Exotic species (blue mussels)• Chemicals (TBT)

DP4 Climate change• Global warming (Shift of Ku

roshio current)• pH decrease (?)

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DP1 Trends in aquaculture production?

SOFIA06

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DP1 # killed Steller sea lions in Japan

2006/5/22 10

InjuriedMissing into the seaCulledCull + injuried + missingDamage on fishing nets

# st

ruck

, dam

age

(mill

ion

yen)

Ohtaishi & Wada (eds, 1999), Hokkaido Pref.

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DP3: PCDDs, PCDFs and Co-PCBs in Tokyo Bay: Sources and Contribution,

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DP4: Trend in dynamic sea surface height [Sakamoto et al. 2007 Geogr. Res. Let.]

Distribution of linear trend of dynamic sea surface height from 1965 to 2003 estimated from a historical temperature analysis. Contour interval is 0.5x10-6 m yr-1 and the dashed lines indicate negative values

Differences of long-term mean dynamic sea surface height relative to 2048-m depth (contour, unit: m) and Sverdrup transport streamfunction (color shading, unit: Sv 106 m3 s1) between the CO2-run and the control-run (former minus latter) in the North Pacific. Contour interval is 0.05 m.

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Draft framework of marine biodiversity by Matsuda

State/ImpactsSI1 Loss of species richness

• Mean trophic levels (?)• Fish stock biomass (sardine,

red sea bream)• Mammals, birds & turtles

(sea lions, sea turtles)

SI2 Habitat loss/degradation

• Sand beach (?)• Sea grass/weed beds

(Hiroshima)• Tidal flat (Hiroshima)• Coral reefs (Okinawa?)

SI3 Material cycling• Red tide, blue tide • Imposex of snails (seeding

species Babylonia japonica)

SI4 Genetic pollution• Salmonids (?)

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SI1: Fishing down (MA 2005)

In Japan??? F-MAP’s mission?

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SI1: Catch and mean trophic level in Japan

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Catch statistics in Tokyo Bay

Main target species have been replaced from decade to decade.

180

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

TAC

ABC

Cat

ch10

000t

ons

，，

（） マイワシ

SI1: trend in catch and stock of Red Sea Bream and Japanese sardine

Stock (1000 tons)

Harvest rate

CatchCatch of wild larvaeSeed release

Stoc

k (1

000

tons

)

Har

vest

rat

e

Caa

tch

(100

0 to

ns)

No.

indi

vudu

als

(10,

000)

Red Sea Bream (West Sea of Japan/Southeast China Sea)

Stoc

k (1

000

tons

)

Har

vest

rat

e

Stock (1000 tons) Harvest rate

Japanese sardine (Pacific stock)Japanese sardine (total)

ABCTACCatch

http://abchan.job.affrc.go.jp/digests20/index.html

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SI1: Decline and recover of the western Pacific Steller sea lions （ Burkanov and Loughlin 2005 ）

2006/5/22 19http://www.jfa.maff.go.jp/release/19/081001.pdf

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SI1: NaGISA’s contribution?

Species richness(?) in macro/meio-benthos 　

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SI1: CMarZ’s contribution?

(Change of) Species richness? (Change of) ecosystem functions?

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SI2: Reduction of natural coast

Draft by 堀正和氏、 JWRC/MoE

estuary

Semi-natural

artificial

Natural

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SI2: Reduction of sea grass/weed bed in Seto Inland Sea

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SI2: Trend and volume of suspended load

要引用許可

105 m3

104 m3

103 m3

>1m increase

>1m decrease

www.nilim.go.jp/lab/dbg/pdf/200806_fac.pdf

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SI3: Imposex of Babylonia japonica by TBT/TPT （ Horiguchi et al 2006 Env Health Pers ）

Fecundity (g) of cultured B. japonica Release of B. japonica juveniles (105 ind.)Catch (tons)

Horiguchi, T., Kojima, M., Hamada, F., Kajikawa, A., Shiraishi, H., Morita, M., Shimizu, M.: Impact of tributyltin and triphenyltin on ivory shell (Babylonia japonica) populations. Environ. Health Perspectives 114: 13-19, 2006.

Babylonia japonica

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Draft framework of marine biodiversity by Matsuda

Response

R1 Sustainable use• Catch regulation (?)• Ecolabels (MSC and ME

L?)• Stock recovering program

(Spanish mackerel?)

R2 MPAs by• International MPAs (Shi

retoko)• National parks (Area and

sites)• Voluntary MPAs (Kyoto

snow crab)• Nature restoration projec

ts (Sekisei Lagoon?)

R3 Env. regulations• Env. Impact Assess.(?)• BOD emissions • TBT regulation

2828

Spawning ground

Since 2005

Bottom trawling is totally prohibited in the coastal area

R1: Voluntary regulation of walleye pollock

177 boats fished walleye pollock in 1995Decreased to 86 boats in 2004 (49% reduction)

– Compensation to retired fishers by Fisheries OrganizationFishing ban during Mar 20-end since 1995Fishing ban area expanded in 2005

Since 1995

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R1: The number of registered MSCs in the World and Japan

WorldJapan

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R2: MPA Construction to protect spawning/breeding area (by public expenses)

(Sited from Kyoto Institute of Oceanic and Fishery Science HP)

牧野光琢氏

2 図 京都府沖合海域における各施策の経年変化

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99年度

Phase1 Phase4Phase3Phase2

MPA Construction (km2)

Temporal Fishing Ban(%)

Fiscal Year

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R2:Sandfish fishery mgmt at Akita Pref.

Mgmt Method: -Complete ban of fishing for

three years (Sep. ’92 – Aug. ’97)

-Minimum size limit-Annual catch limit-Gear, ground and season limit-Restoration of breeding ground-Fish seeds release -pooling system of fishery

income

Mapmap Ver.6.0

www.pref.akita.jp

Arctoscopus japonicusMgmt actors:Local fishermen,Local research station, etc.

Cat

ch (

tons

)

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Comments welcome

Hiroyuki MATSUDA, DSc.

Faculty of Environment & Information Sciences

Yokohama National University

79-7, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama,

Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan

tel +81-45-339-4362, fax +81-45-339-4373,

email: matsuda@ynu.ac.jp