1 biodiversity assessment and coml hiroyuki matsuda (ynu/cosie) special thanks to: ministry of...
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Biodiversity assessment and CoML
Hiroyuki Matsuda (YNU/COSIE)Special thanks to:
Ministry of Environment, Japan (MoE)
Japan Wildlife Research Center (JWRC)
Nissui
Drs M.Hori, MJ. Kishi, F. Koike, S.Masunaga, H.Mukai, M. Sano, and others
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Marine Ecosystems Concerns海洋生態系への懸念
R. A. Myers & B. Worm (2002) Nature in press. “Rapid worldwide deple-tion of large predatory fish communities” …We conclude that declines of large predators that initially occurred in coastal regions, have extended throughout the global ocean, with potentially large consequences on ecosystems.Top predators are good indicator of ecosystems.
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R. A. Myers & B. Worm(2003)のマグロ激減説 Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities
Nature 423:280-283 (2003)
故 RansomMyers
BorisWorm
…We conclude that declines of large predators that initially occurred in coastal regions, have extended throughout the global ocean, with potentially large consequences on ecosystems.
405/12/16 4
マグロ激減説の Ransom Myersは 2005年に Fortune誌の世界十大人物に選ばれ
た
http://as01.ucis.dal.ca/ramweb/
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CPUE≠Stock size in spatially heterogeneous distribution
I II I II
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Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) CoP10, Nagoya, Japan, 2010
CBD CoP10 is important because of the 2010 Biodiversity Target (CoP6). Host nation Japan must keep leadership of further goals.
“Parties commit themselves to […] achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss.”
I expect Ministry of Environment to make Comprehensive Environmental Assessment with indicators
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Draft framework of marine biodiversity by Matsuda
DP1:Fisheries & exploitation• Overfishing• By-catach• Aquaculture• Bottom trawling• Catch of marine mammals
Driving forces/Pressures State/Impacts Response
DP2 Civil engineering• Fluvial sediment• Reclamation, artificial
shore and breakwater• Gravel dipping
SI1 Loss of species richness• Mean trophic levels• Fish stock biomass• Mammals, birds & turtles
R1 Sustainable use• Catch regulation• Ecolabels• Stock rehabilitation p
rogram
SI2 Habitat loss/degradation• Sand beach• Sea grass/weed beds• Tidal flat• Coral reefs
DP3 Pollution and debris• Eutrophication• Oil spilling• Exotic species• Chemicals (TBT)
SI3 Material cycling• Red tide, blue tide• Imposex of snails
R2 MPAs by• International MPAs• National parks• Voluntary MPAs• Nature restoration pro
jects
R3 Env. regulations• Env. Impact Assess.• BOD emissions• TBT regulationSI4 Genetic pollution
• SalmonidsDP4 Climate change• Global warming• pH decrease
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Draft framework of marine biodiversity by Matsuda
DP1:Fisheries & exploitation
• Overfishing (Trends of catch species composition of Tokyo Bay?)
• By-catach (?)• Aquaculture (Trends of produc
tion)• Bottom trawling (Southeastern
China Sea?)• Cull of mammals (Steller sea l
ions)
Driving forces/Pressures DP2 Civil engineering• Fluvial sediment• Reclamation, artificial shore
and breakwater• Gravel dipping (?)
DP3 Pollution and debris• Eutrophication • Oil spilling (?)• Exotic species (blue mussels)• Chemicals (TBT)
DP4 Climate change• Global warming (Shift of Ku
roshio current)• pH decrease (?)
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DP1 Trends in aquaculture production?
SOFIA06
10
DP1 # killed Steller sea lions in Japan
2006/5/22 10
InjuriedMissing into the seaCulledCull + injuried + missingDamage on fishing nets
# st
ruck
, dam
age
(mill
ion
yen)
Ohtaishi & Wada (eds, 1999), Hokkaido Pref.
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DP3: PCDDs, PCDFs and Co-PCBs in Tokyo Bay: Sources and Contribution,
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DP4: Trend in dynamic sea surface height [Sakamoto et al. 2007 Geogr. Res. Let.]
Distribution of linear trend of dynamic sea surface height from 1965 to 2003 estimated from a historical temperature analysis. Contour interval is 0.5x10-6 m yr-1 and the dashed lines indicate negative values
Differences of long-term mean dynamic sea surface height relative to 2048-m depth (contour, unit: m) and Sverdrup transport streamfunction (color shading, unit: Sv 106 m3 s1) between the CO2-run and the control-run (former minus latter) in the North Pacific. Contour interval is 0.05 m.
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Draft framework of marine biodiversity by Matsuda
State/ImpactsSI1 Loss of species richness
• Mean trophic levels (?)• Fish stock biomass (sardine,
red sea bream)• Mammals, birds & turtles
(sea lions, sea turtles)
SI2 Habitat loss/degradation
• Sand beach (?)• Sea grass/weed beds
(Hiroshima)• Tidal flat (Hiroshima)• Coral reefs (Okinawa?)
SI3 Material cycling• Red tide, blue tide • Imposex of snails (seeding
species Babylonia japonica)
SI4 Genetic pollution• Salmonids (?)
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SI1: Fishing down (MA 2005)
In Japan??? F-MAP’s mission?
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SI1: Catch and mean trophic level in Japan
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Catch statistics in Tokyo Bay
Main target species have been replaced from decade to decade.
180
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
TAC
ABC
Cat
ch10
000t
ons
,,
() マイワシ
SI1: trend in catch and stock of Red Sea Bream and Japanese sardine
Stock (1000 tons)
Harvest rate
CatchCatch of wild larvaeSeed release
Stoc
k (1
000
tons
)
Har
vest
rat
e
Caa
tch
(100
0 to
ns)
No.
indi
vudu
als
(10,
000)
Red Sea Bream (West Sea of Japan/Southeast China Sea)
Stoc
k (1
000
tons
)
Har
vest
rat
e
Stock (1000 tons) Harvest rate
Japanese sardine (Pacific stock)Japanese sardine (total)
ABCTACCatch
http://abchan.job.affrc.go.jp/digests20/index.html
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SI1: Decline and recover of the western Pacific Steller sea lions ( Burkanov and Loughlin 2005 )
2006/5/22 19http://www.jfa.maff.go.jp/release/19/081001.pdf
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SI1: NaGISA’s contribution?
Species richness(?) in macro/meio-benthos
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SI1: CMarZ’s contribution?
(Change of) Species richness? (Change of) ecosystem functions?
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SI2: Reduction of natural coast
Draft by 堀正和氏、 JWRC/MoE
estuary
Semi-natural
artificial
Natural
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SI2: Reduction of sea grass/weed bed in Seto Inland Sea
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SI2: Trend and volume of suspended load
要引用許可
105 m3
104 m3
103 m3
>1m increase
>1m decrease
www.nilim.go.jp/lab/dbg/pdf/200806_fac.pdf
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SI3: Imposex of Babylonia japonica by TBT/TPT ( Horiguchi et al 2006 Env Health Pers )
Fecundity (g) of cultured B. japonica Release of B. japonica juveniles (105 ind.)Catch (tons)
Horiguchi, T., Kojima, M., Hamada, F., Kajikawa, A., Shiraishi, H., Morita, M., Shimizu, M.: Impact of tributyltin and triphenyltin on ivory shell (Babylonia japonica) populations. Environ. Health Perspectives 114: 13-19, 2006.
Babylonia japonica
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Draft framework of marine biodiversity by Matsuda
Response
R1 Sustainable use• Catch regulation (?)• Ecolabels (MSC and ME
L?)• Stock recovering program
(Spanish mackerel?)
R2 MPAs by• International MPAs (Shi
retoko)• National parks (Area and
sites)• Voluntary MPAs (Kyoto
snow crab)• Nature restoration projec
ts (Sekisei Lagoon?)
R3 Env. regulations• Env. Impact Assess.(?)• BOD emissions • TBT regulation
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Spawning ground
Since 2005
Bottom trawling is totally prohibited in the coastal area
R1: Voluntary regulation of walleye pollock
177 boats fished walleye pollock in 1995Decreased to 86 boats in 2004 (49% reduction)
– Compensation to retired fishers by Fisheries OrganizationFishing ban during Mar 20-end since 1995Fishing ban area expanded in 2005
Since 1995
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R1: The number of registered MSCs in the World and Japan
WorldJapan
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R2: MPA Construction to protect spawning/breeding area (by public expenses)
(Sited from Kyoto Institute of Oceanic and Fishery Science HP)
牧野光琢氏
2 図 京都府沖合海域における各施策の経年変化
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99年度
Phase1 Phase4Phase3Phase2
MPA Construction (km2)
Temporal Fishing Ban(%)
Fiscal Year
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R2:Sandfish fishery mgmt at Akita Pref.
Mgmt Method: -Complete ban of fishing for
three years (Sep. ’92 – Aug. ’97)
-Minimum size limit-Annual catch limit-Gear, ground and season limit-Restoration of breeding ground-Fish seeds release -pooling system of fishery
income
Mapmap Ver.6.0
www.pref.akita.jp
Arctoscopus japonicusMgmt actors:Local fishermen,Local research station, etc.
Cat
ch (
tons
)
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Comments welcome
Hiroyuki MATSUDA, DSc.
Faculty of Environment & Information Sciences
Yokohama National University
79-7, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama,
Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
tel +81-45-339-4362, fax +81-45-339-4373,
email: [email protected]