1 syntactic overregularity 句法过分规则现象. syntactic overregularity repetition parallelism...

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Syntactic OverregularitySyntactic Overregularity

句法过分规则现象

syntactic

overregularity

syntactic

overregularity

repetitionrepetition

parallelism parallelism

Immediate repetition

连续性重复

Intermittent repetition

间隔性重复

large-scale parallelism

small-scale parallelism

Immediate Repetition

Repetition may be immediate,

i.e. the repeated unit

immediately follows the initial

unit.

Immediate Repetition 连续性重复

Do not go gentle into that good night,

Old age should burn and rave( 说胡话，怒骂） at close of day,

Rage, rage against the dying of light.

(Do not Go Gentle into that Good Night)

Immediate Repetition 连续性重复

　　　　　　　　　　 Immediate RepetitionImmediate Repetition

Gold! Gold! Gold! Gold! Bright and yellow, hard and

cold, Molten, graven, hammer’d and

roll’d, Heavy to get and light to hold. (Thomas Hood)

The woods are lovely, dark, and deep,

But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. (R. Frost, Stopping by Woods on a

Snowy Evening)

Immediate Repetition

Intermittent Repetition Intermittent Repetition （间隔性重（间隔性重复）复）

Another type of repetition is

intermittent repetition, known

as ploce （间隔性重复） in

traditional rhetoric.

Ploce ( 异义重复 ) 重复相同的词，但另作别解。 e.g.

Intermittent Repetition Intermittent Repetition （间隔性重（间隔性重复）复）

“…she guessed I’d go crazy if I

didn’t sail, and yet certainly I’d go

crazy if I did.”

(Henry James, Four

Meetings)

第一个“急得发疯的”第二个“高兴得发疯的”

Intermittent Repetition Intermittent Repetition （间隔性重（间隔性重复）复）

You can find doctors and doctors in there.

There are artists and artists.

老乖又把瓜送到她的嘴唇边说：“你尝尝，可甜了！”巧玉却不用手接，调皮地用嘴把瓜咬了一口。老乖忙问：“甜不甜？”

“甜！”巧玉妩媚地笑着看了他一眼……

李准《瓜棚风月》

Intermittent Repetition Intermittent Repetition （间隔性重（间隔性重复）复）

O, how that name befits my

composition

Old Gaunt indeed, and gaunt in being old.

(Shakepeare, Richard II)

Gaunt is the name of the speaker

Not many lives, but only one have we;

One, only one. (Anonymous, Only One Life)

Intermittent Repetition Intermittent Repetition （间隔性重复）（间隔性重复）

ParallelismParallelism

Parallelism means exact repetition in

equivalent positions. It differs from

simple repetition in that the identity

does not extend to absolute duplication

（ cope exactly ） .

It “requires some variable feature of the

pattern—some contrasting elements

which are ‘parallel’ with respect to their

position in the pattern” (Leech1969:66)

ParallelismParallelism

Parallelism can be classified into two

types according to its size.

Parallelism

large-scale parallelism

small-scale parallelism

Large-scale parallelismLarge-scale parallelism

Large-scale parallelism we

mean the kind which consists of

more than two juxtaposed units.

Juxtapose: to place side by side

or close together

Large-scale Large-scale ParallelismParallelism

My Heart Leaps Up My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky, So was it when my life began; So is now I am a man; So be it when I shall grow old, Or let me die! The Child is father of the Man; And I could wish my days to be Bound each to each by natural piety.

I came, I saw, I conquered.

Large-scale parallelism

Large-scale parallelismLarge-scale parallelism

He stood behind his desk in the far end of

the dim room. The wife liked him. She liked

the deadly serious way he received any

complaints. She liked his dignity. She liked

the way he wanted to serve her. She liked

the way he felt about being a hotel-keeper.

She liked his old, heavy face and big hands.

(Hemingway, Cat in the Rain)

Large-scale ParallelismLarge-scale Parallelism

Small-scale parallelismSmall-scale parallelism

Small-scale parallelism is the case

which consists of only two

juxtaposed units.

O, my luve is like a red, red rose That’s newly sprung in June; O, my luve is like the melodie That’s sweetly play’d in

tune. (Robert Burns, A Red, Red

Rose)

Small-scale parallelismSmall-scale parallelismSmall-scale parallelism

His fees were high; his lessons

were light…

Not that I loved Caesar, but

that I loved Rome more.

(Shakespeare, Julius

Caesar)

Small-scale parallelismSmall-scale parallelism

when a small-scale parellelism is

combined with an implication of

contrast, it is referred to as

antithesis in rhetoric.

A friend exaggerates a man’s

virtues, an enemy his crimes.

Small-scale parallelismSmall-scale parallelism

Its failures became a part of history but

its successes held the clue to a better

international order.

Good breeding consists in concealing

how much we think of ourselves and

how little we think of the other person.

(Mark Twain )

Small-scale parallelismSmall-scale parallelism