3 gfsf irri progress

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

Center Progress ReportIRRI

Tri Setiyono

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

GSFS IRRI Team

• MVR Murty (Crop Modeler)• Andy Nelson (Geographer)• Sam Mohanty (Economist)*• Tao Li (Crop Modeler)• Tri Setiyono (Crop Modeler)**

* Activity leader/ principal investigator** Operational leader (starting in 2015)

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

Baseline Data: Rice Area Extent

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

Baseline Data: Rice Crop Calendar

PLANT_PK2

0 - 76

77 - 236

237 - 365

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

Baseline Data: Rice Crop IntensityNUM_CROP

1

2

3

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

Baseline Data: Agro-Climate Zone

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

C4 Rice• In search of a novel solution for increasing global rice

supply*, IRRI is developing C4 Rice.• Rice is naturally a C3 species with relatively lower

photosynthesis (PS) efficiency as compared to C4 species such as maize.

• C4 species compartmentalizes CO2 fixation and processing in two different cells in order to avoid wasteful binding of O2 on the Rubisco enzyme

*more than 100 million tons of additional rice is required by the year 2035 to meet the increased demand for rice

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

C4 rice module

Yin & Struik, 2009

C4 routine was adapted from GECROS model

Furbank & Taylor, 1995

C3 to C4

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

ORYZA C4 Rice Module

• C4 Photosynthesis with Farquhar approach• Energy balance for transpiration and gas exchange• N driven partitioning• Non-linear phenology-temperature function• N driven leaf and root senescence

C4 rice module vs. C3

Yin & Struik, 2009

Use all crop parameters of C3 rice;C4 special parameters borrowed from sorghumTransplanting system, same field managementNitrogen supply limited in the same level

Potential water supply No light competition yet No pest & disease impact

67% increase in yield

50% increase inTotal above ground biomass

Preliminary

results

Preliminary

results

C4 Rice

Preliminary

results

C4 Rice

• Submergence tolerant rice containing sub1 gene can tolerate transient flash flood (1-2 weeks), whereas rice varieties without sub1 gene can experience severe yield loss under such condition.

+Sub1-Sub1Swarna

Swarna-Sub1

Re-transplated local variety

Submergence Tolerant Rice

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

Submergence Tolerant Rice

• Submergence sub-routine in ORYZA model is under development with initial tests showing promising results

• Field experiments were conducted to support model development

• The mechanistic process will allow precise quantification of yield loss considering interaction between variety characteristics and duration of flooding.

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

Upcoming Activities

• Incorporation of C4 module into DSSAT• Finalizing C4 simulation results• Continue development of submergence module

(target completion, 2016)• Simulation of multiple abiotic stress such as

submergence, drought, and salinity (target completion, 2016)

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

Abiotic Stress: Drought

LowHigh

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

Abiotic Stress: Submergence

LowHigh

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

Abiotic Stress: Salinity

LowHigh

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

Poverty

LowHigh

Global Futures & Strategic Foresight Extended Team Meeting25-28 May 2015, Rome, Italy

Thank You

t.setiyono@irri.org