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Micro-Simulation and Design of Traffic Facilities within
Tennessee State University’s Campus
James C. Hardison IIICivil and Architectural Engineering
James E. JonesCivil and Architectural Engineering
Advisor: Dr. Chimba
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Study Objectives
• To examine the common causes to the shortage of parking on TSU’s campus.
• To explore vehicle trends and examine current parking needs within campus.
• To project future parking demand.• To determine Level of Service (LOS) for present
and future.• To determine the best solution for parking issues.
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Discovered Problem
• Insufficient parking in Torrence Hall (Engineering Bldg.) parking lot throughout the day.
• Leaving campus between classes may result in long distance parking upon return.
• Only available parking spots are far away, on residential streets, or illegally parking.
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Overflow Parking
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Illegally Parking
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Possible Solutions
• Parking garage closer to the most used facilities on campus.
• ‘Park and Ride’ area for long term parking vehicles.• Emphasize carpooling and public transportation.• Secure biking route and bike parking around
campus.• Residential parking permits.
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How the Study Parking Data was Obtained
• Took multiple counts of parked vehicles in lots at different periods of the day.
• Sorted data in a spreadsheet by categories (lot location, time of day, day of week, vehicle movement).
• Determined Rate of Turnover and parking needs.
• Designed parking structures and campus commuter alternatives.
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• Nashville’s growth rate was calculated to be 1.308% using P2035 = P2015 (1+r)n
• TSU’s population is projected to grow from 9,432 to 12,232 for 2035.
Growth Rate
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Non-Degree Se
eking
College
of Pub Sv
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an Aff
College
of Agri
cultu
ral, Human and Natural S
cience
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College
of Busin
ess
College
of Engin
eering
College
of Liberal A
rts
College
of Educa
tion
College
of Health
Sciences
0500
10001500200025003000
219 432
1076 1018 11651643
771
2843
STUDENTS ENROLLED IN EACH COLLEGE
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Rate of Turnover
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Parking Accumulation
Torrence/Holland PAC/Eppse John Merrit & 33rd Queen/Police Station Avon W. (Downtown)050
100150200250300350400450
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Study Data Obtained• 9,432 students, faculty, and staff – 60% Off-Campus (Commuters)
• 7,000 Approximately parking decals • 4,400 available parking spaces throughout campus• 10% Handicap parking • 10,000 Visitor’s parking passes sold a year• Largest parking lots– Torrence (340 Spaces)– PAC/Eppse (415 Spaces)
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Parking Garage Design(Two) 3 Story Garage
• 450 Cars Capacity Behind Performing Arts Center
• 280 Car Capacity in Visitor’s Parking Lot across from airplane.
• Cast-in-Place Concrete Parking garage-Durable and lower long-term costs
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Layout and Dimensions
300’ x 280’
10’
111’
20’
20’ 27’
185 Parking Spaces
185 Parking Spaces
80 Parking Spaces
8’ Long x 9’ wide
11%
Grade
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Visitor’s Parking DimensionsGarage Dimensions- Visitors Lot 63,000ft2
- 10ft High (8ft Overhead Clearance)- Three aisles/2 lanes
Parking Spots Dimensions- 8ft Long x 9ft Wide- 1ft Stall width for vehicles against wall
Ramp Dimensions- Grade 11% (6.27°)
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• Level 1 – 1 Hour parking spots, handicap, hybrid, electric cars, and motorcycles
• Level 2 – Compact and general parking• Level 3 – General Parking (all vehicles)
Vehicle Distribution
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280 ft
300 ft
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Traffic Impact of 35th and Albion St.
BEFORE
AFTER
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280 ft
225 ft
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Traffic Impact of 28th and John Merritt
BEFORE
AFTER
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Parking Garage is a Band Aid Solution?Cons• Growth rate will demand more room for future
vehicles than garage can hold.• Expensive, time consuming, and construction will
create more delays.• Can delete up to 128 current parking spots.Pros• Reduces illegally parked vehicles on streets.• Gives the campus room to expand (Development).• TSU can rent the garage out to bring the university
income.
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Alternative Parking Options
• ‘Park and Ride’ area for long term parking vehicles.
• Incentives for carpooling and public transportation.
• Reduce handicap parking spots.• Promote cycling.
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Summary
Parking Garage Design• 2-Parking garages 84,000ft2 and 63,000ft2
• 3 levels – Fuel efficient and short term parking vehicles on lower level
• Rectangular designed 8’x9’ parking spaces• 1 Ramp for quick level to level delivery• Sheltered area for pedestrians waiting on
shuttles
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Summary
Road Design• Increased campus entry from one lane to two
lanes.• Expand streets leading into the university from
the interstates• Input stop signs at intersections• Created an entrance and channel into campus
to reduce single entrance congestion
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Summary1. Noticed that parking was a problem2. Collected parking and traffic data3. Calculated LOS, accumulation rate, rate of turnover
and growth rates4. Analyzed results5. Exposed parking trends and characteristics6. Designed parking garage and redesigned roads
surrounding university7. Determined parking garage will help but not solve
Problem8. Recommend to fix problem at the source to reduce
amount of long term parked vehicles on campus
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Future Parking Study• Downtown campus parking study.• How street parking affects traffic flow.• Deficiencies the one campus entrance causes.
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Questions and Answers
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