control of microplankton size structure in contrasting water columns of the celtic sea

Control of microplankton size structure in contrasting water columns of the Celtic Sea

在凱爾特海截然不同的水層環境，如何調控 micro 級的植浮大小機制

ANDREAS REUL1*, J. RODRI´GUEZ1, J. M. BLANCO1, A. REES2 AND P. H. BURKILL3

JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH /VOLUME 28 / NUMBER 5 / PAGES 449–457 / 2006

Reporter: Heng- Ru Guo

Introduction

Size nutrient uptake growth rates sedimentation velocities

turbulence can recover cells from the bottom of the mixed layer >1 m day–1

Nutrient availability enhances the growth of large cells (Malone,1980), and changes in the carbon-specific photosynthesis spectra (Cermen˜o et al., 2005a, b) can influence phytoplanktonsize distribution.

turbulenceStratification

upwelling

Materials and methods

18 to 27 May 2000

Water samples

microplankton (cells >20 mm ESD) nutrient analysis were taken with a CTD-Rosette sampler.

4-L samples 20-μm 50–70 mL seawater(dark bottles )2% Lugol’s solution. Utermo¨hl chambers (Utermo¨hl, 1958).

SAS(size-abundance spectra) log10 of the abundance (cells mL–1) log10 size class (μm3)

Results

TS diagram

34.7

35.26

Water column structure and microplankton biovolume

Microplankton size structure

Coscinodiscus wailesii

370μm ESD

4/3πr3

7x105 μm3 mL-1

8x105 μm3 mL-1

45%

86%

0.7x105 μm3 mL-1 45%

exponentially growing population (Nt =N0ert)

model Nt =N0e-(Vs/Zm)t

Sinking velocity (Vs) mixed layer depth (Zm)

loss rate [rl =(Vs/Zm)]

rl r≦

rl > r

rmax = 3.4v–0.13(day–1) (Sarthou et al., 2005) vs = 2.48r1.17 (cm s–1) ( Jackson, 1989 in Kiørboe, 1993).

growth–loss rate ratio (r/rl)

Discussion

TD of the water column is an important factor explaining the presence of C. wailesii in the UML, as it would need resuspension of seeding cells for its development (Ruı´z et al., 2004)

if phytoplankton with settling velocities >1 m day–1 are concentrated atthe bottom of the mixed layer, larger-scaled turbulence events recover cells and disperse them in the mixed layer (Ruı´z et al., 1996)

Station 1, the C. wailesii population might be composed of active growing cells and resuspended resting cells from the sediment.

The elevated biovolume of C. wailesii close to the seafloor at Station 3 suggests that cell resuspension may also contribute significantly to the total phytoplankton biovolume.

According to our findings, resuspension promotes the bloom of large cells when the UMLreaches TD and might modify the plankton SAS, resultingin it departing from the linear shape usually found.

As stratification occurs, the depth of the UML becomes shallower,and decreasing nutrient availability would increase settling velocities and reduce the growth rate, forcing the larger cells to settle out of the UML.

Conclusions

TD seems to be a key factor for explaining the development of large-celled phytoplankton blooms, either due to the presence of seeding populationon the seafloor or due to the prevention of cell lost to deep water.

Perturbation at the upper extreme of the phytoplankton SAS might not propagate along the planktonic SAS but rather settle down to the seafloor.

End