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English 16th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change COP 16
Arabic
1977 Decision on Surveillance over Exchange Rate Policies 1977 Surveillance Decision
AAA debtor
AAA rating triple-A rating
above face value [securities] above par above par value at a premium
above par value
1
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English above the line
Arabic
above-the-line item [budget] above-the-line entry
absolute advantage
absorptive capacity absorption capacity
accelerated purchase
accelerated rate of depreciation accelerated depreciation
acceleration clause
acceptance credit
2
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English acceptance limit [SDR designation]
Arabic ( )
acceptance of membership [BL]
access limit [IMF]
access policy [IMF]
access to a facility [IMF]
Accord Implementation Group AIG
accountability [GFSM]
accounting concept
3
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English accounting equation balance sheet equation accounting identity
Arabic
accounting practices accounting methods accounting procedures
accounting rate book rate
accounting unit accounting entity
accounts of the IMF in member countries IMF accounts in member countries
accounts payable payables
4
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English accounts receivable
Arabic
Accra Agenda for Action AAA Triple A
accrual basis
accrual basis accounting accrual accounting
accruals [accounting]
accrued charges [IMF]
accrued income accrued revenue accrued asset
5
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English accrued interest
Arabic
accumulated depreciation accrued depreciation
acid-test ratio [USA] quick asset ratio quick ratio cash ratio [corporations] absolute liquid ratio
ACP-EEC Convention (between the African, Caribbean, and Pacific States and the European Economic Community) Lom Convention
acquaintance mission [IMF] exploratory mission
6
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English acquired rights clause grandfather clause
Arabic
acquisition of SDRs [IMF]
act of consent [IMF quotas]
act of God natural disaster
Acting ... [IMF]
..
activate
active claim
7
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English activist policy discretionary policy active policy
Arabic
activity report [IMF]
actual final consumption
actual income
actual interest yield effective yield
actual rate of return
actuarial reserve [insurance]
actuarial valuation actuary's valuation
8
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English ad hoc quota boosters
Arabic
ad hoc quota increase
ad hoc request [IMF quotas]
ad valorem [taxation]
Adaptation Fund
adaptive expectations
adequacy of financing
adequacy of reserves reserves adequacy
adequate safeguards [IMF]
9
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English adjustable rate floating interest rate floating rate variable rate variable-rate interest
Arabic
adjustment equation
adjustment fatigue
adjustment of charges [IMF]
adjustment of quotas [IMF]
adjustment path
adjustment process
adjustment program [IMF]
10
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English adjustment to cash basis [IFS] adjustment to cash
Arabic
adjustment transaction [GFS 1986]
adjustment with growth
Administered Account - country [IMF - contribution from a country]
( )
administered price controlled price administrative price
administration of control [AREAER]
administration of restrictions [IMF]
11
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English administrative action
Arabic
administrative budget [IMF]
Administrative Division [INS/AV]
administrative expenses [IMF] administrative costs
administrative receivership [insolvency, UK]
Administrative Services [TGS/D]
advance deposit import deposit
12
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English advance mission [IMF]
Arabic
advance redemption advance repayment
advanced economy
adverse feedback loop negative feedback loop
adverse selection [banking; insurance]
Advisor on Diversity, Senior [IMF-HRD]
Advisor to the Executive Director [IMF-OED]
Advisor [IMF]
13
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English advisory report [IMF]
Arabic
affiliated enterprise affiliate
affluent society
Africa Action Plan [G-8] G8 Africa Action Plan Kananaskis Africa Action Plan
Africa Capacity Building Initiative [IMF]
Africa Regional Division [MCM/R1]
African Caucus [IMF]
( ) ( )
14
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English African Department [IMF] AFR
Arabic
African Development Bank AfDB ADB
African Development Fund AfDF ADF
African Financial Community [BCEAO] CFA
African Forum and Network on Debt and Development AFRODAD
African Group [IMF-IBRD] Group of African Governors African Caucus
15
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English African peer review mechanism [NEPAD] APRM
Arabic
African Regional Technical Assistance Center AFRITAC
African Union AU
African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States ACP Group ACP States
after taxes
agency
agency bond
16
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English agency fee [capital market]
Arabic
Agency for International Development [USA] AID USAID
agency transaction [GFS 1986]
Agenda and Procedures Committee [IMF] APC
agent
agent's fees [BPM5]
[1993 ] -
agflation
17
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English aggregate calculated quota share
Arabic
aggregate demand
aggregate real gross national product aggregate real GNP
aggregate real private investment
aggregation bias
aggregation, degree of
aggregator bank bad bank
aging of the population aging population
agreed minute [Paris Club]
18
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures [WTO] ASCM
Arabic
agreement, use by [SDR]
agricultural exporter
agricultural extension services agricultural extension extension services
aid effectiveness
aid flows
Aid for Trade
aid fragmentation
19
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English aid-dependence syndrome
Arabic
aide-mmoire [IMF]
allocate
allocation
allocation mechanism
allocation of SDRs SDR allocation
allocative efficiency of resources Pareto efficiency Pareto optimal Pareto optimality Paretian optimality
allotted number of votes [IMF]
20
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English alternative measure of variability
Arabic
amended Articles of Agreement ][IMF Articles of Agreement as amended
)amendment (to the Articles of Agreement ][IMF
) (
amendment ]39[SNA
] -3991[
AML supervisory principles
amortization
) (
amortization profile
amount of access ][IMF
) (
12
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English amount outstanding
Arabic
amount payable forthwith
anchor [monetary policy]
ancillary meetings [IMF-IBRD Annual Meetings]
ancillary services
annual arrangement [ESAF, PRGF]
Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics [World Bank] ABCDE
22
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Annual Meetings (of the Boards of Governors) of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank [IMF-World Bank] Annual Meetings of the Board of Governors Annual Meetings
Arabic
annual rate of basic pay
Annual Report of the Executive Board[IMF]
Annual Report
Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions[IMF; publication not translated] AREAER ARER
Annual Report on Portfolio Performance [IBRD] ARPP
annuity
23
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English anticipated growth rate
Arabic
anticyclical reserve fund
anticyclical tax
antidumping duty
anti-money laundering AML
anti-money laundering/combating the financing of terrorism AML/CFT
apex institution
application for membership [IMF]
appointed Executive Director [IMF]
24
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English apportionment of appropriations [USA]
Arabic
appreciate
( )
appropriation
appropriation ceiling
appropriation-in-aid [budget]
Arab accounting dinar [AMF] AAD
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa ABEDA BADEA
Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development AFESD
25
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Arab Monetary Fund AMF
Arabic
arbitrager arbitrageur
arbitration clause
area department [IMF]
arithmetic mean mean
arm's length [trade]
arrangement [IMF]
arrangements
26
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English arrears country [IMF] country with payment arrears
Arabic
Article IV consultation discussions [IMF] consultation discussions
Article IV consultation [IMF]
Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund[IMF] Articles of Agreement Fund Agreement Articles of the Fund
artificial person legal entity corporation corporate body
27
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English artisanal industry cottage industry
Arabic
Asia and Pacific Department [IMF] APD
Asia and Pacific Regional Division [MCM/R2]
Asian Development Bank AsDB ADB
Asian noodle bowl
" " ""
28
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum APEC APEC Council APEC Forum Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Council Asia-Pacific Economic Forum
Arabic
assessment letter [IMF] comfort letter assessment statement
assessment mission [IMF-IBRD]
Assessment of Financial Sector Supervision and Regulation AFSSR
assessment roll [taxation] assessment list
29
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English assessment [SNA93]
Arabic
assessor [taxation]
asset
asset liability management ALM
asset operation
asset redemption
asset-backed commercial paper ABCP
asset-backed securities ABS
30
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Assistant to the Director [IMF]
Arabic
Assistant to the Secretary [IMF-SEC]
associated borrowing arrangement [IMF, GAB] associated agreement
associated enterprise associate associated company
Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN
( )
Atlantic Division [WHD/AT]
attendance list
31
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English attrition rate
Arabic
auction rate ][exchange rates
auction-rate security ARS
audit committee
audit office auditing department
audit opinion
audit auditing
audited financial statements
23
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Auditor [IMF-OIA]
Arabic
Auditor, Senior [IMF-OIA]
augmented resources [IMF] augmented Fund resources
authorized bank [exchange market]
authorized capital
automatic release warrant
automatic stabilizer built-in stabilizer
autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model ARCH Model
33
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English average daily balance
Arabic
average-inflation country
avoidance of cross-conditionality [IMF]
back office
background paper
backloaded stimulus package
back-loading [IMF]
backtest [bank supervision] backtesting
34
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English back-to-back credit back-to-back loan
Arabic
back-to-back missions [IMF]
back-to-office report BTO forty-eight-hour report debrief [IMF]
84
backward shifting
bad asset
bad asset overhang
bad loan bad debt [accounting]
35
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English bail in
Arabic ( )
bailout rescue
( )
Balance of Payments and External Debt Division I, II [STA/A1, A2]
() )(
Balance of Payments Compilation Guide
balance of payments constraint
balance of payments financing
Balance of Payments Manual[IMF] BPM
balance of payments need [IMF]
36
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English balance of payments position payments position
Arabic
balance of payments statistics BOP statistics
balance of payments surplus
balance of payments test [IMF]
balance of payments [IFS; SNA93]
balance of risks
balance of trade trade balance [IFS]
balance sheet approach to financial crisis balance sheet approach
37
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English balance sheet cleansing balance sheet clean-up
Arabic
balance sheet mismatch
balance sheet vulnerabilities
balance sheet general balance sheet statement of financial position statement of financial condition statement of condition statement of assets and liabilities balance sheet statement
balanced distribution of holdings [IMF]
balanced positions [IMF]
balancing item
38
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English balancing statement [SNA]
Arabic
Bali Action Plan
Bali Roadmap
balloon loan
bank advisory committee [London Club] advisory committee steering committee
bank assessment
bank call report form bank report form report form [IFS]
39
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English bank call report call report
Arabic
bank cash ratio
bank examination
Bank for International Settlements BIS
bank liquidity ratio
bank money
Bank of Central African States BEAC
bank of issue currency issuing agency
bank secrecy
40
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English bank supervision banking supervision
Arabic
bank supervisors
Bank/Fund Conferences Office ][SEC/AI/BF BFCO
banker's acceptance bank acceptance
bankers' bank
bankers' deposit ][central bank
bankers' reserves
)(
banking authorities
14
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English banking soundness
Arabic
banking survey [GMBS; IFS]
banking banking sector
banklike institutions, other [GMBS]
bankruptcy
bankruptcy law
bar [gold]
bargaining power
42
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English barrier to entry [trade]
Arabic
barter
barter economy
base money monetary base reserve money central bank money high-powered money
base period
Basel Capital Accord [BIS]
Basel capital [MPI]
43
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Basel Committee on Banking Supervision BCBS Basel Committee Cooke Committee
Arabic
Basel II [BIS]
2
baseline projection
baseline scenario [IMF] reference scenario RS benchmark scenario trend scenario business-as-usual scenario BAU nonintervention scenario
base-to-income elasticity
44
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English base-weighted price index base-weighted index Laspeyres index [FSIG]
Arabic
basic balance [BPM5]
basic foodstuffs staples
basic period [IMF]
basic rate of charge [IMF]
basic vote [IMF]
basis of assessment
45
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English basis of reporting
Arabic
basis point BPS
basket peg basket pegging composite peg
bear market [securities exchange] bearish market
bearer instrument bearer paper bearer security
before taxes pretax
beggar-my-neighbor policy beggar-thy-neighbor policy
46
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English behavior variable
Arabic
behavioral economics
behavioral equation
below the line [BPM5, GFS 1986]
below-the-line item
benchmark bond index [IMF]
benchmark [IMF, PRGF] performance benchmark
benefit benefits
47
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English benign neglect
Arabic
best estimate
best practices BP
better-policies scenario [WEO] best-policies scenario optimistic scenario
bias [statistics]
( )
biased estimator
biased [statistics]
48
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English bicyclic procedure [IMF consultations] bi-cycle
Arabic
bid price
( )
bid-ask spread [FSIG; MPI]
( )
bidder tenderer
bid-offer spread [exchange rates]
biennial consultation [IMF]
biennial surveillance review BSR Biennial Review of Surveillance
49
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English bilateral central rate [EMS]
Arabic
bilateral creditor [HIPC Initiative]
bilateral payments agreement [GMBS] bilateral payments arrangement
bilateral surveillance [IMF] Article IV surveillance
bilateral swap lines for foreign exchange liquidity / Temporary reciprocal currency arrangement / swap line
/ / / / /
bilateral trade weight
bill
50
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English billion [IMF-IBRD; USA]
Arabic
binding
bipolar view
blended GDP variable
blending of resources
blocked account [GMBS]
blue chip gilt-edged security [GBR]
Board Discussion
51
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Board of Executive Directors [WB] Board
Arabic
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System [USA] Federal Reserve Board FRB
Board of Governors [IMF]
board seminar
bond
bond market fixed-income market
bond portfolio holdings of bonds
52
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English bond warrant debt warrant
Arabic
bonded good
bonus interest rate
bonus share bonus stock
book profit
book-entry security paperless security
border tax adjustment
border trade
border worker
53
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English borrow short and lend long
Arabic
Borrowed Resources Suspense Accounts [IMF] BRSA
borrowed resources [IMF]
borrowing arrangement [IMF] borrowing agreement
borrowing capacity
borrowing rate
borrowing ratio [IMF borrowing]
borrowing requirement
54
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English borrowing-quota ratio [IMF borrowing]
Arabic
bottleneck inflation
bottom out
bracket creep [taxation] bracket progression
Brady Plan
" "
branch
[1993 ] -
Brazil, Russia, India and China Club BRIC Club
" "
break-even inflation
55
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English break-even point
Arabic
Bretton Woods Institutions BWI
Bretton Woods system [exchange rates]
bridge table [statistics]
briefing
briefing note
broad financial market
broadening of the tax base
56
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English broadly defined money supply broad money money broadly
Arabic
broker stockbroker
brokerage fee brokerage
[1993 ] -
Brussels Office [IMF-EUR] EUO/BR
bubble economy
" "
budget appropriation process budget appropriation appropriation budgetary appropriation budgetary appropriation process
57
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English budget constraint
Arabic
budget cut
budget deficit budget gap
budget estimate budget forecast
budget execution
budget framework law
budget institution budgetary unit spending agency spending department spending unit
budget law approved budget
58
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English budget outturn budget performance
Arabic
budget proposal [GFS 1986] draft budget budget bill
Budget Reform Division [OBP/BR]
budget savings
Budget Strategy Division [IMF-OBP/BS]
budget universality principle general budget rule
budget year
59
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English budgetary balance budgetary equilibrium
Arabic
budgetary expenditure budgetary outlay fiscal expenditure
budgetary financing gap budgetary gap
budgeted funds
budgeting
/ / /
budgetization fiscalization
)(
buff (paper) [IMF] buff statement
( )
60
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Buffer Stock Financing Facility [SNA93] BSFF
Arabic
building and loan associations [SNA93]
building society [GBR]
built-in elasticity of a tax system
( )
bull market [securities exchange] bullish market
bullet loan
bunching of maturities debt bunching
61
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English buoyancy
Arabic
burden sharing [IMF; BPM5]
( ) ( )
burden-sharing mechanism [IMF]
business activity
business community
business continuity plan
business corporation corporation
62
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English business cycle economic cycle trade cycle boom and bust boom-bust cycle
Arabic
business expenses representation expenses
business investment
business plan
business profits trading profits
business services [BPM5, BPM6]
business travel [BPM5]
[1993 ] -
63
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English buy-and-hold investor
Arabic
buyback agreement debt buyback debt repurchase
buyback arrangement [WTO] buyback [WTO]
buy-down loan [IBRD]
buyer's credit [WTO]
buyer's market soft market
64
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English buying exchange rate buying rate buyer's rate bid rate
Arabic
buying member [IMF]
By-Laws [IMF] by-laws
By-Laws, Rules and Regulations[IMF]
byproduct by-product
calculated market interest rate calculated market rate
65
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English calculated quota share [IMF] share in calculated quotas [IMF]
Arabic
calendar year
call account
call for committed funds call
call in debt
call money
call option clause call option call provision
66
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English call option call
Arabic
callable bond
CAMELS composite rating capital, assets, management, earnings, liquidity CAMEL
"CAMEL" " CAMELS"
Canadian International Development Agency CIDA
cancellation of SDRs [IMF]
capacity building
capacity constraint
67
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English capacity output
Arabic
capacity underutilization underutilization
capacity utilization
capital
capital account convertibility
capital account crisis
capital account ][budget
capital adequacy
capital adequacy ratio CAR
86
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English capital and financial account [BPM5]
Arabic
capital asset fixed asset fixed capital non-current asset long-term asset long-lived asset plant and equipment
capital assets pricing model CAPM
capital base
capital budget [IMF]
capital buffer
69
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English capital controls
Arabic
capital cost cost of capital
capital cushion
capital deepening
capital expenditure CAPEX capital outlay
capital flight [SNA93] flight of funds
capital flow capital movements
70
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English capital formation [SNA93]
Arabic
capital gain holding gains
capital gains tax
capital gearing ratio gearing ratio leverage [corporate finance, USA] gearing [GBR] financial gearing
capital good producer good
capital income
71
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English capital intensiveness capital intensity
Arabic
capital investment
capital loss
capital market
Capital Market Development and Financial Infrastructure Division [MCM/CD]
Capital Requirement Directive CRD
capital revenue [GFSY]
capital stock
72
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English capital transfer
Arabic
capital value
capital widening widening of capital
capital, excluding reserve assets capital, excluding reserves
capital-asset ratio [banking] capital ratio
capital-debt ratio equity-debt ratio
capital-exporting country
capital-importing country
73
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English capital-intensive
Arabic
capitalization (of interest) [Paris Club]
capitalized value
capital-labor ratio
capital-loan ratio [banking]
capital-output ratio
/ /
carbon capture and storage CCS carbon capture
carbon credits
74
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English carbon emissions trading scheme carbon trading scheme cap and trade scheme
Arabic
carbon market
carbon pricing scheme
career stream career pattern
Caribbean Community CARICOM Caribbean Common Market
Caribbean Development Bank CARIBANK CDB
Caribbean Financial Action Task Force [money laundering] CFATF
75
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Caribbean Regional Technical Assistance Center [IMF-CARICOM-UNDP] CARTAC
Arabic
carry trade
carryforward carryover loss carryforward loss carryover tax loss carryforward tax loss carryover
carrying cost (of inventories)
carrying value carrying amount written-down value book value
Cartagena Agreement Andean Subregional Integration Agreement
76
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English cascading [taxation]
Arabic
case study
cash
cash account [IMF, SDA]
cash balance
cash basis accounting cash accounting
cash bond [contracts]
cash buyback [debt]
77
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English cash crop
Arabic
cash economy cash-based economy
cash flow
cash flow budget cash budget cash plan
cash flow relief cash relief
cash in bank cash held by banks
cash in hand cash on hand ][GFSM
87
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English cash loan disbursement
Arabic
cash loan financial loan
cash management
cash margin
cash payment
cash position
cash rate overnight rate call rate call money rate interbank call rate overnight call money rate
79
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English cash ratio requirement minimum cash requirement
Arabic
cash settlement
cash voucher [GFS 1986]
cashier's check official check treasurer's check bank check
catalytic effect
catch-up demand
ceiling price
Center for Latin American Monetary Studies CEMLA
80
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Central Africa Regional Technical Assistance Center [IMF] Central AFRITAC
Arabic
Central African Banking Commission COBAC
Central African Economic and Monetary Community CAEMC Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
Central African Monetary Union CAMU
Central African States Development Bank CASDB
Central American Common Market CACM
Central American Division [WHD/CA]
81
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Central American Free Trade Agreement CAFTA Dominican Republic - Central America - United States Free Trade Agreement CAFTA-DR
Arabic
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program [ADB] CAREC
Central Bank Gold Agreement CBGA Washington Agreement on Gold
Central Bank of West African States BCEAO
central bank central banker
central banking
82
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Central Banking Division [MCM/CB]
Arabic
central counterparty CCP
Central Division, I, II, III [EUR/C1, C2, C3]
() )( )(
central government
central rate [IMF]
centrally planned economy [SNA93] CPE
certificate of indebtedness CI
83
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English certified check marked check certified bank check [GMBS]
Arabic
ceteris paribusall other things being equal other things equal other things being equal
CFA Franc Zone franc zone franc area
chair [IMF Governance]
Chairman of the Executive Board [IMF]
Chairman's Statement [IMF]
84
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Chairperson of the Oversight Panel
Arabic
change in holdings [BPM5]
change of ownership
Changes: Successful Partnerships for Africa's Growth Challenge
:
charge [in general]
chargeback
chart of accounts
charter [banking]
cheap money policy easy money policy
85
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English checkable deposit
Arabic
checkable savings account [IFS]
checks and balances system
Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization CMI Multilateralization Post-CMI
Chiang Mai initiative CMI
child allowance [IMF-HRD]
civil service
86
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Civil Society Policy Forum CSPF Civil Society Forum
Arabic
civil society civic society
claim [finance]
claims on deposit money banks [GMBS; IFS]
claims on general government [GFS 1986]
claims on nonfinancial public enterprises [GMBS; IFS]
claims on nonresidents [BPM5]
87
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English claims on official entities ][GMBS; IFS
Arabic
claims on other financial institutions ][GMBS; IFS
claims on private sector ][GMBS; IFS
claims on state and local governments ][GMBS; IFS
cleansing of banks
clear the market
clearing account ][IFS
clearing arrangement
88
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English clearing bank
Arabic
clearing mechanism
clearinghouse clearing house [SNA93]
client due diligence [money laundering] customer due diligence know your customer know your client KYC
Client Services Division [TGS/IC]
cliff effect
Climate Investment Fund CIF
89
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English close substitute
Arabic
close the books
closing liabilities
code of conduct [IMF member]
Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency (2001)[IMF]
-
Revised Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency
Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency (2007)[IMF]
()
Code of Good Practices on Transparency in Monetary and Financial Policies: Declaration of Principles[IMF] MFP Transparency Code MFP Code
90
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English cofinancing arrangement [IBRD]
Arabic
cofinancing trust account [IMF] CTA
coinage minting
coincident indicator coincidental indicator
Collaborative Africa Budget Reform Initiative CABRI
collateral account [IMF rights approach]
collateral pooling system
91
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English collateral security collateral guarantee collateral [BPM6; GFSM]
Arabic
collateral value
collateralize
collateralized bond
collateralized bond obligation CBO
collateralized debt obligation squared CDO squared
-
collateralized debt obligation CDO
92
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English collateralized loan obligation CLO
Arabic
collateralized mortgage obligation CMO
collect tax
collection of data gathering of data
collective action clause [debt] CAC
collective bargaining
collective bargaining agreement collective labor agreement labor contract union contract
93
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English collective good public good social good
Arabic
collective judgment sense of the meeting
collective representation clause
collusive bidding collusive tendering bid rigging
Cologne terms
co-manager [syndicated loans] co-lead manager
combating the financing of terrorism CFT
94
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English combined market interest rate [SDR] combined market rate
Arabic
comfort zone
command economy controlled economy
commercial arrears
commercial bank
commercial creditor
commercial debt bank debt
commercial GDP [SNA] commercialized GDP
95
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English commercial interest reference rate CIRR
Arabic
commercial lender
commercial lending commercial loan commercial credit [Paris Club] nonconcessional loan
commercial mortgage-backed security CMBS
commercial paper [FSIG]
commercial position
96
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Commission of the European Communities [EC] CEC European Commission EC
Arabic
Commission on Growth and Development
Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress Stiglitz Commission
commitment basis accounting [budget] commitment basis
commitment fee commitment charge
commitment gap [IMF]
97
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English commitment period
Arabic
committed resources [IMF] commitments
Committee of Eminent Persons to Study Sustainable Long-Term Financing of the IMF Committee to Study Sustainable Long-Term Financing of the IMF Committee of Eminent Persons Crockett Committee
Committee of the Whole for the Development Committee [IMF, Executive Board] CWDC
Committee of the Whole on Review of Quotas [IMF, Executive Board] CQuota
Committee on Article XIV Consultations [IMF, Executive Board]
98
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Committee on IMF Governance Reform
Arabic
Committee on Interpretation [IMF, Executive Board] COI
Committee on Membership -- [country] [IMF, Executive Board] membership committee
[ - ]
Committee on the Annual Report [IMF, Executive Board] CAR
commodities price shock
commodity
commodity composition of trade
commodity currency
99
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English commodity exchange commodities exchange exchange
Arabic
commodity fund
commodity future [BPM5]
commodity futures market
commodity gold [BPM5; SNA93]
commodity index fund
commodity index investment
commodity market
100
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English commodity-indexed bond commodity bond commodity-linked bond
Arabic
commodity-linked finance commodity-backed financing
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa COMESA
Common Monetary Area [AFR] CMA
common share common stock ordinary share stock
commons
101
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Commonwealth of Independent States CIS
Arabic
community-based organization CBO
community-driven development CDD
comparable worth
comparative advantage
Compensation and Benefits Policy Division [HRD/CB]
compensation package
compensation [SDR]
102
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility [IMF] CCFF
Arabic
compensatory drawing [IMF]
Compensatory Financing Facility [IMF] CFF
compensatory financing of export fluctuations
compensatory financing of fluctuations in the cost of cereal imports [CCFF] cereal facility [IMF] cereal component
competitive bid [securities auctions]
103
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English competitive depreciation [exchange] competitive devaluation
Arabic
competitive disadvantage
competitiveness competitive ability
compilation of data compilation [BPM5]
completion point triggers [IMF--HIPC Initiative]
completion point [IMF; HIPC Initiative]
compliance (with performance criteria) [IMF]
( ) ( )
104
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English component currency [IMF]
Arabic ( )
composition of creditors [bankruptcy] composition agreement creditors' arrangement
Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves [IMF] COFER currency composition of foreign exchange reserves
compound interest rate compound rate
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme CAADP
Comprehensive Development Framework [IBRD] CDF
105
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English compression booster
Arabic
compression factor
Comptroller General
compulsory reserve deposit
compulsory withdrawal [IMF]
concertation of policies
concessional assistance concessional aid
concessional counter-cyclical loan
concessional element concessionary element
106
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English concessional financing
Arabic
concessional flow concessionary flow
concessional interest rate
concessional lending
concessional loan
concessional terms concessionary terms
concessional treatment [Paris Club] concessionality
concessional concessionary
107
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English concessionality
Arabic
concurrence of the member [IMF]
conditional relief arrangement [customs]
conditionality for the tranches [IMF]
conditionality [IMF]
conduit
conduit company conduit
Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development
108
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English confidence interval ][statistics
Arabic
confidence level ][statistics
conforming mortgage
connected lending ][FSIG connected loan
consent ][IMF quotas
conservator
) (
consistency check
/ /
901
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English consistency of valuation [BPM5]
Arabic
consistency [statistics]
consistent estimator [statistics]
consolidated central government [GFS; GFSY]
consolidation
consolidation period [debt restructuring]
consortium (for country X)
( )
conspicuous consumption
110
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English constant return
Arabic
constituency [IMF Executive Board and committees] chair
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
constraint
consultation cycle [IMF]
Consultative Group on Exchange Rate Issues CGER Consultative Group on Exchange Rates
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [IBRD] CGIAR
111
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English .Consultative Group on International Economic and Monetary Affairs, Inc Group of Thirty
Arabic
consumer credit ]39[SNA
consumer durable hard good
consumer price index CPI
consumer spending household expenditure
consumer surplus
consumer tastes consumer preferences
211
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English consumerism
Arabic
consumption expenditure consumption spending
consumption function
consumption pattern consumption behavior
consumption tax
contagion effect contagion [FSIG]
contemporaneous reserve accounting CRA
113
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English contingencies [FSIG; GFSM]
Arabic
contingency clause [IBRD/CCFF]
contingency financing contingent financing contingent credit line
contingency fund [GFS 1986] contingency reserve
contingency measure
contingency mechanism contingency mechanism for the adjustment of targets
contingent claim contingent asset
114
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English contingent claims approach CCA
Arabic
contingent contract [GFSM 2001]
Contingent Credit Line(s) [IMF] CCL
contingent liability
contingent risk
continuous session [IMF, Executive Board]
contra account valuation allowance
contractionary bias
115
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English contractionary impulse
Arabic
contractionary policy
contractual maturity [BPM5]
contrived scarcity
control
convertible arbitrage strategy
convertible debt instrument
cooperation test [IMF]
cooperative arrangements (for maintenance of value of currencies) [IMF, exchange arrangements]
( )
116
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English cooperative monetary arrangement [monetary policy] cooperative arrangement common arrangement common monetary arrangement
Arabic
cooperative sector [SNA93]
Coordinated Compilation Exercise CCE
Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey [IMF, OECD] CPIS
Coordination and Standards Division [PDR/CS]
core bank
117
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English core data category [GDDS]
Arabic
core fund [Global Environment Facility, WB]
core inflation underlying inflation built-in inflation
core lending [IBRD]
Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision [BIS;Basle Committee] core principles Basel Core Principles
corners hypothesis
corporate accounting standards
118
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English corporate banking
Arabic
corporate bond
corporate equity
corporate governance
corporate income tax CIT
corporate raider ][stock exchange raider
corporate risk spreads
911
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English corporate sector workout corporate workout workout
Arabic
correlation coefficient [statistics]
correspondence table conversion key
correspondent bank
cost & freight c. & f. CFR
cost accounting
cost effectiveness effectiveness
120
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English cost of carry
Arabic
cost of living adjustment COLA
cost price
cost pricing
cost recovery ]5[BPM
cost, insurance, and freight .c.i.f cost, insurance, freight ]39[SNA
)(
cost-benefit analysis
121
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English cost-push inflation cost inflation
Arabic
Council [IMF, AA]
Counsel, Consulting [IMF-LEG]
Counsellor (of the Fund) [IMF]
( )
countercyclical action anticyclical measure
/ /
countercyclical facility
counterpart entry counterpart item
counterpart to allocation/cancellation [IMF, BPM5]
/
122
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English counterpart to monetization/demonetization of gold counterpart to monetization/demonetization
Arabic / /
counterpart to valuation changes [BPM5; IFS Descriptors] revaluation counterpart
Counterparty Risk Management Policy Group CRMPG Counterparty Risk Management Group Corrigan Group
counterpurchase [trade]
/ /
countertrade [BPM5]
countervailing duty antibounty duty
123
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English country brief [IBRD]
Arabic
country coordinator [GDDS]
Country Director [IBRD]
Country Information System [IMF] CIS
country ownership borrower ownership program ownership ownership
country page [IFS]
124
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English country partnership strategy ][World Bank CPS country assistance strategy ][IBRD CAS
Arabic
country risk ]5[BPM
country shares
country surveillance
]country-owned [strategy, program
] [
coupon bond
coupon rate
521
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English covenant lite loan cov-lite
Arabic
cover [export credit]
coverage [IMF-EBB]
( ) ( )
covered interest rate arbitrage [exchange market] CIA
covered interest rate differential [exchange market]
crawling peg adjustable peg fixed but adjustable exchange rate
credit
126
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English credit balance
Arabic
credit ceiling credit limit lending ceiling
credit cooperative ][GMBS
credit crunch credit squeeze credit freeze tightening of credit
credit default swap CDS
credit downgrade
credit easing
721
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English credit freeze security freeze
Arabic
credit from monetary authorities [IFS; GMBS]
credit policy
credit rating
credit rating agency [corporations] credit agency mercantile agency international rating agency rating agency rating services
credit rationing
128
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English credit risk indicator CRI
Arabic
credit risk [FSIG] counterparty risk
credit spread
credit tranche drawing [IMF]
credit tranche position
credit tranche purchase [IMF]
credit tranche [IMF]
129
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English credit union cooperative savings association
Arabic
credit-enhanced obligation [securities] enhanced obligation
creditor bank
creditor country
creditor position asset position
creditor [GFSM; SNA93]
creditworthiness credit standing
130
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English creeping inflation (steady) persistent inflation
Arabic
crisis prevention facility
Crisis Resolution Issues Division [SPR/CR] CRI
criticized asset
crony capitalism
" "
cronyism
""
crop year
cross debts
cross elasticity
131
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English cross rate
Arabic
cross-border claim transborder claim transborder interbank claim
cross-border coordination
cross-border lending foreign lending
cross-border risk
cross-classification multiple classification [statistics]
cross-conditionality [IMF-IBRD]
132
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English cross-country analysis cross-country review cross-country study
Arabic
Cross-Country Fiscal Monitor The State of Public Finances: A Cross-Country Fiscal Monitor
:
cross-currency warrant
cross-cutting issue
cross-default clause [London Club]
cross-section analysis cross-sectional study
crowding-in effect
133
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English crowding-out effect crowding out of private investment
Arabic
crystallization (of a loss)
( )
CSO Townhall Meetings
cumulative net drawings [IMF]
currency acceptable to the Fund [IMF]
currency basket basket of currencies
134
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English currency board arrangement [IMF exchange rate classification system, 2006] CBA currency board [GFSM]
Arabic
currency component [IMF]
currency composite composite of currencies
currency composition
currency conversion [BPM5]
currency convertibility
135
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English currency holdings ][IMF IMF holdings of currencies Fund holdings of currencies currencies held by the Fund ][IMF
Arabic
currency in circulation
currency issue
currency liabilities
currency mismatch ][FSIG
currency option bond
currency outside banks cash outside banks
631
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English currency redenomination
Arabic
currency substitution
currency swap
currency union
currency unit
currency valuation adjustment [IMF, accounts] CVA valuation adjustment
currency warrant
currency [BPM5; BPM6; GFSM; SNA93]
137
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English current account
Arabic
current account balance balance on current account
current account convertibility
current asset short-term asset
current budget
current capital net current assets working capital [SNA93]
Current Communications Division
current expenditure
138
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English current liability short-term liability current debt
Arabic / /
current maturities
current prices in current prices at current prices [CPI]
current ratio
current replacement cost replacement cost
current revenue [GFSY] current receipts [SNA93] CR
139
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English current value present value
Arabic
current, to be [IMF]
current-weighted index Paasche index
customary business practices
customs bond
customs bonded warehouse bonded warehouse
customs clearance
customs duty
customs duty bill
140
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English customs frontier
Arabic
customs tariff tariff [SNA93]
customs union tariff union
customs valuation
cutback(s) [fiscal policy]
cutoff date [Paris Club]
cyclical influence
cyclical position
/ /
141
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English cyclical unemployment
Arabic
cyclically adjusted
cyclically neutral budget
Data Dissemination Standards Division [STA/DD]
Data Quality Assessment Framework [IMF, DSBB] DQAF
Data Quality Reference Site [IMF, DSBB]
data reporting [IMF-STA] reporting [IMF-STA]
142
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Data Standards Initiative [IMF] Standards Initiative
Arabic
dataset-specific quality assessment framework dataset-specific framework specific assessment framework
de minimis clause[Paris Club]
deadweight loss efficiency loss
dealer [USA] jobber [GBR]
debenture debt
143
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English debenture ][GBR; USA
Arabic ) ( ] [ ] [
debit
debit balance
debriefing ][IMF
debt amortization amortization
debt and debt service reduction DDSR
debt burden
debt capital loan capital
441
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English debt ceiling
Arabic
debt consolidation debt funding funding
debt conversion [Paris Club] debt swap debt-debt swap bond swap
debt covenant covenant
debt disbursed and outstanding
debt fatigue
debt financing debt finance
145
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English debt for aid swap [Paris Club]
Arabic
debt for development swap
debt for environment swap
debt for nature swap [Paris Club]
debt forgiveness debt cancellation cancellation of debt forgiveness
debt holder
debt management
146
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English debt moratorium [London Club] debt standstill payments standstill
Arabic
debt overhang
Debt Policy Division [ IMF-SPR ]
debt principal principal
Debt Reduction Facility for IDA-Only Countries [IBRD] IDA Debt Reduction Facility
""
debt reduction operations DROPS
debt refinancing
147
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English debt relief
Arabic
Debt Relief for Low-Income Countries: The Enhanced HIPC Initiative
: ""
debt reporting system [IMF]
debt repudiation [GFSM]
debt rescheduling rescheduling
debt restructuring debt reconstruction restructuring
debt security debt instrument
148
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English debt service payment service payment
Arabic
debt service ratio
debt service debt servicing ]39[SNA
debt sustainability
debt sustainability analysis ][IMF DSA
debt sustainability framework DSF
debt sustainability threshold
941
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English debt workout debt renegotiation workout
Arabic
debt-distressed country severely indebted country
debt-distressed situation debt distress
debt-equity ratio
debt-equity swap [Paris Club] debt for equity swap debt for equity conversion conversion of debt into equity debt-to-equity swap
debt-export ratio debt-to-exports ratio
150
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English debtor country
Arabic
debtor position liability position
Debtor Reporting System, World Bank [IBRD] DRS
( )
debt-servicing capacity
decentralized agency [GFS 1986]
decision maker
decision making (process)
Decision on Bilateral Surveillance over Members' Policies [IMF]
151
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English decision point [IMF; HIPC Initiative]
Arabic
declaration of censure [IMF overdue financial obligations] censure
declaration of ineligibility [IMF]
declaration of noncooperation [IMF]
decoupled income support decoupled support decoupling [EU]
decoupling theory
dedicated investor
152
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English deep financial market
Arabic
deep-discount bond deep-discounted bond
deep-pocketed investor
default contagion
default on obligations
default on payment default
deferred charges [IMF accounts]
deferred compensation
deferred credit
153
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English deferred deduction executive remuneration
Arabic
deferred income [IMF accounts]
deficit financing deficit spending pump priming
( )
deficit reduction package
deflate (prices)
deflationary demand measure
deflationary gap
deflationary pressure
deflator
154
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English delegation of authority ][BL
Arabic ] - 7991[
deleverage deleveraging
delinquency
delinquent borrower
delinquent tax
demand curve
demand deposit checking account deposit sight deposit
551
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English demand elasticity elasticity of demand
Arabic
demand function
demand management
demand restraint
demand schedule
demand, payable on [banking]
demand-pull inflation demand inflation
demonetization
( )
demonstration effect
156
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English denomination [banknotes]
Arabic
Department for International Development [UK] DFID
Department Head [IMF]
departmental agency
departmental enterprise
depletion allowance [SNA93]
deposit bank [IFS]
157
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English deposit claims
Arabic
deposit guarantee scheme
Deposit Insurance Fund deposit insurance scheme
deposit liabilities
deposit money bank
deposit rate ]39[SNA
deposit run
deposit taking ][banking attracting deposits
851
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English deposit/loan ratio
Arabic
depository corporation depository institution
depository [IMF]
depreciation
( )
depressed area
depth of the market [financial market] market depth
Deputy [G-24, IDA]
deregulation decontrol
159
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English derivation table [GFS 1986]
Arabic
derivative instrument financial derivative derivative
derivative [calculus]
(... )
designated depository [IMF]
designation plan [IMF]
designation [IMF; SDR]
160
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English desk economist (for ... [country]) [IMF] desk officer for ( ... [country]) country desk
Arabic ( )
destabilizing disequilibrating [capital flows]
deterrence measure [IMF overdue financial obligations] deterrence deterrent measure deterrent
devaluation [SNA93]
developing and transition countries (DTC)
developing and transition countries DTC
161
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English developing country
Arabic
development aid development assistance [BPM5]
Development Assistance Committee [OECD] DAC
Development Grant Facility [IBRD] DGF
Development Issues Division [SPR/DS] DID
development partner
development policy loan DPL
162
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English difference equation
Arabic
difference [calculus]
( ) .. ( ) ..
differential
( ) ..
differential equation [calculus]
diminishing returns
direct investment
direct investment income [BPM5]
directed credit
163
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English
Arabic
Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook[IMF; publication not translated]
DOTS YearbookDOTSY
Direction of Trade Statistics[IMF-STA; publication not translated] DOTS
direction of trade geographical direction of trade
Director and Special Representative to the United Nations [IMF-UNR]
Director for Special Operations
Director [IMF]
Director, Assistant [IMF]
164
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Director, Associate [IMF]
Arabic
Director, Deputy [IMF]
Director, Offices in Europe [IMF/EUO]
directorship [IMF, Executive Board]
disaggregated data
Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration [Congo (DRC)] DDR
disbursed debt
165
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English disbursement
Arabic
discharge an obligation [IMF]
disclosure of on- and off-balance sheet risk
discount
discount bond discounted bond
discount note
discount rate [central banking] minimum lending rate [GBR] MLR bank rate [GBR]
166
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English discount window [central banking]
Arabic
discountable eligible for discounting eligible for rediscounting
discrete devaluation step devaluation
discrete [mathematics]
discriminating monopoly
discriminatory currency practice [IMF]
discriminatory tariff preference
diseconomy
167
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English dishoarding
Arabic
disincentive
disinflation
disinflationary
disintermediation
disinvestment
disorderly exchange market conditions
disposable income ]39[BPM5; SNA
861
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English disposal
Arabic
disposal of problem assets
disposition (of assets) disposition
( )
disruption
dissaving negative saving
Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board [IMF] DSBB
distance to default
distance to distress DD
169
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English distortion
Arabic
distressed asset
distributed earnings [BPM5]
[1993 ] -
distribution channel
distribution function [statistics]
distribution of income income distribution
distributional effect distributive effect
disturbance
170
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English divergence indicator [EMS]
Arabic
diversified borrower
divestiture (of public enterprises)
( ) ( ) ( )
Division 1, 2, 3, ... [AFR/01, 02, 03, ...]
... () )( )(
Division Chief [IMF]
Division Chief, Deputy [IMF]
doctored data
Doha Development Agenda [WTO] DDA
171
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Doha Development Round Doha Round development round ][trade
Arabic
Doing Business rankings ][World Bank
/ " " /
dollar balances
dollar overhang
domestic content ][imports
domestic credit expansion DCE
domestic currency unit value
271
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English domestic currency [GFSM] local currency [GFSM]
Arabic
domestic liabilities [GFSM]
domestic liquidity
domestic market home market
domestic resource cost DRC
domestic saving
domestic securities
domino effect
173
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English donor country
Arabic
donor [SNA93]
donors and creditors donors and lenders
dormant debt
double counting [SNA93]
double taxation dual taxation
double-entry accounting system double-entry system double-entry accounting double-entry bookkeeping
174
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English doubtful loan doubtful credit
Arabic
down payment
downgrading
)(
downside risk
downside variability
downstream capacity
downstream integration
571
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English downturn cyclical downturn downswing cyclical downswing
Arabic
downward adjustment
downward bias negative bias
downward pressure
downward spiral
downward trend falling trend downtrend
downward-sloping curve
draft resolution [IMF]
176
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English draw down [London Club]
Arabic ( )
draw on the IMF
drawback [customs]
( )
drawdown period
drawing country [IMF] drawer
drawing down [stocks]
( ) ( )
drawing facility [IMF]
( )
drawing on loans extended [BOP]
177
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English drawing right [IMF]
Arabic
dual economy
dual exchange market
dual pricing
dual rate system [exchange rates]
due and payable
due date
due diligence
dummy out
dummy variable
178
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English dumping [trade]
Arabic
durable good
duration (of an investment) duration [MPI]
( )
Durbin-Watson statistic DW
-
Dutch auction
Dutch disease [oil or natural gas exporting countries]
duty-free
dynamic multiplier
179
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English early repurchase expectation [IMF] prompt repurchase expectation
Arabic
early repurchase [IMF] advance repurchase
early stabilizer
early warning system model EWS
earmark
( )
earmarked account [GMBS]
earmarked tax
earned income [BPM5]
180
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English earning asset income-earning asset productive asset
Arabic
earnings
easing credit
easing softening
East Africa Regional Technical Assistance Center East AFRITAC
Eastern Caribbean Central Bank ECCB
Eastern Caribbean Currency Union ECCU
181
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English easy rider bank [debt restructuring] easy rider
Arabic
economic agent economic entity economic unit
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific [UN-ECOSOC] ESCAP
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia [UN-ECOSOC] ESCWA
Economic and Social Council, United Nations [UN] ECOSOC
Economic and Statistical Observatory for Sub-Saharan Africa AFRISTAT
182
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English economic circumstances economic conditions economic environment
Arabic
Economic Commission for Africa [UN-ECOSOC] ECA
Economic Commission for Europe [UN-ECOSOC] ECE
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ECLAC
Economic Community of West African States ECOWAS
( )
Economic Counsellor [IMF-RES]
183
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Economic Data Sharing System [IMF] EDSS
Arabic
economic fundamentals fundamentals fundamental determinants
Economic Information System [IMF-STA] EIS
Economic Issues [IMF publication series]
" "
economic life [SNA93] useful life service life [GFSM]
economic performance
184
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English economic price efficiency price
Arabic
Economic Recovery Assistance Program [IMF] ERAP
economic recovery recovery
economic slack
economic slowdown
Economic Systems Division [TGS/IE]
economic welfare welfare
185
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English economics
Arabic
economies of scale
Economist Program [IMF] EP
economy
Editorial and Publications Division [EXR/EP]
educated guess
effective date
effective exchange rate EER
186
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English effective rate of protection ERP
Arabic
Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units
elasticity of a tax system
elasticity of expectations
elasticity of supply supply elasticity
elected Executive Director [IMF]
elective Executive Director [IMF]
electronic data processing EDP data processing informatics
187
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English electronic funds transfer EFT
Arabic
eligibility [GFSM]
eligible
eligible asset [banking]
eligible debt [Paris Club]
eligible vote [IMF]
embedded derivative
embodied cost
188
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English emergency assistance [IMF]
Arabic
Emergency Facility for Natural Disasters [IMF Facilities]
emergency financing mechanism [IMF]
Emergency Natural Disaster Assistance ENDA Emergency Assistance for Natural Disasters
emergency post-conflict assistance [IMF] EPCA emergency and post-conflict assistance policy of emergency assistance to post-conflict countries
emergency provisions [AA]
189
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English emergency purchase [IMF facilities]
Arabic
emerging market
emerging market country
emerging market economy EME
emerging markets and developing countries EMDCs
Emerging Markets Bond Index EMBI
emigration of the tax base
empirical evidence
empirical study
190
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English employee attrition rate
Arabic
Employers participating in the troubled assets relief program
employer's social contributions [SNA] employer contribution
employment rate
employment slack
empowerment
enabling environment
encash [IMF]
191
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English encashability of bonds [ NAB ] encashable bonds
Arabic
encashable
encashable loan claim
encashment
encashment right [IMF]
encumbered [BPM5]
end consumer
end product final product
192
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English end use
Arabic
end user final user
endogenous shock
endogenous variable
endowment
Energy for the Poor Initiative EFPI
energy-intensive
energy-saving technology
enforceable [IMF]
193
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English enforcement action
Arabic /
enforcement of security realization of collateral
enforcement power [IMF]
engagement of the IMF in a country IMF engagement Fund involvement Fund engagement engagement
[ ] [ ]
enhanced concessions [Paris Club]
enhanced credit credit enhancement
194
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English enhanced Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries [IMF] enhanced HIPC Initiative [IMF] Enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative
Arabic ""
Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to leastdeveloped countries Enhanced IF EIF
Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust [IMF] ESAF Trust
" "
Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility [IMF] ESAF enhanced SAF
enhanced surveillance procedure [IMF] enhanced surveillance
195
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English enhancement money [debt restructuring]
Arabic
enhancement of resources
enhancement of SDRs
enlarged access resources [IMF] EAR
enlarged access to the Fund's resources [IMF] EAR enlarged access to Fund resources
enterprise economy
entitlement program [USA]
196
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English entrepreneur
Arabic
entrepreneurial income
entrepreneurship [SNA93]
entry [accounting]
environmental action plan [IBRD]
environmental depletion depletion of natural resources [BPM5]
environmental impact
197
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English environmental tax green tax
Arabic
equal value exchange rate [SDR]
equal value principle [SDR]
equalization of burden fund equalization fund
equation of exchange Fisher equation
( )
equilibrating capital flow equilibrating capital movement
equilibrium effects
equilibrium exchange rate
198
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English equilibrium path
Arabic
equilibrium unemployment equilibrium rate of unemployment
equiproportionality [SDR allocation]
equity capital inflow
equity financing equity finance
equity income
equity investment
equity loan
199
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English equity market stock market equity market / stock market (entry 7155)
Arabic
equity or debt position
/
equity ownership equity participation equity interest equity share
equity participation note
equity price movements
equity security
equity transaction
200
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English equity equity capital
Arabic
equity-like instrument
ESAF-HIPC Trust Account ][IMF
escalator clause escalation clause
escape clause
escrow account ][IMF/WB; HIPC
ESF Subsidy Account ][IMF
102
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English ESF-PRGF Subsidy Account ][IMF
Arabic
essential goods
estate duty estate tax
estimated expenditure
Ethics Office ][IMF-OMD
EU Policies Division ][EUR/EU
Eurepo
""
euro area euro zone
202
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Eurobond
Arabic
Eurobond market
Eurocommercial paper ]5[BPM ECP Euro-CP
Eurocredit Eurocurrency loan
euroization
Euromarket
Euronote
302
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English Europe and Middle East/Central Asia Regional Division [MCM/R3] Regional Division 3
Arabic /
Europe Regional Division [MCM/R3]
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EBRD
European Central Bank ECB
European currency unit ECU
European Department [IMF] EUR
European Development Fund EDF
204
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English European Economic Area EEA European Economic Space
Arabic
European Financial Stability Facility EFSF
European Free Trade Association EFTA
European Investment Bank EIB
European Monetary System EMS
European narrow margins arrangement snake in the tunnel snake system currency snake system multicurrency intervention system
" " " "
205
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English European Network on Debt and Development EURODAD
Arabic " "
European Stabilization Mechanism ESM European Financial Stabilization Mechanism
European System of Central Banks [EU] ESCB Eurofed
European Union EU
Evaluation Committee [IMF, Executive Board] EVC
even par swap
206
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English event of default [London Club]
Arabic
Evian approach
ex ante
ex post assessment of Fund-supported programs Ex Post Assessment EPA
ex post evaluation [IMF] EPE
exceptional circumstances clause [IMF, access limit]
excess capital formation excess capital accumulation
207
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English excess demand
Arabic
excess employment
excess holding ratio [SDR]
excess profit economic profit supranormal profit
excess purchasing power
excess reserves
excess tax burden excess burden deadweight loss efficiency loss
exchange allocation
208
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English exchange arrangement exchange rate arrangement exchange rate regime exchange system
Arabic
exchange arrangements with no separate legal tender [IMF exchange rate classification system, 2006]
exchange contract
exchange control exchange restriction
exchange house exchange bureau
exchange rate anchor [IMF monetary policy framework classification system, 2006]
exchange rate differential
209
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English exchange rate future
Arabic
Exchange Rate Issues Division [RES/ER]
exchange rate management
Exchange Rate Mechanism II ERM II
Exchange Rate Mechanism [EMS] ERM Exchange Rate Mechanism I ERM I
exchange rate pass-through ERPT
exchange rate policy exchange policy foreign exchange policy
210
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English exchange rate realignment currency realignment
Arabic
exchange rate targeting exchange rate targeting strategy
exchange rate rate of exchange
exchange rates within crawling bands [IMF exchange rate classification system, 2006]
exchange reserves foreign exchange reserves
exchange risk
exchange risk insurance foreign exchange insurance exchange insurance
exchange stability
211
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English exchange valuation adjustment
Arabic
exchange foreign currency foreign exchange forex
exchange-traded fund ETF tracker
excise tax excise
excluded holdings ][IMF
Executive Board ][IMF Board
212
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English executive compensation
Arabic
Executive Director (Mr./Ms. ...) [IMF-OED] ED
Executive Director, Alternate [IMF-OED]
executive remuneration
Executive Secretary [IMF-IBRD, Development Committee]
executive session [IMF, Executive Board]
exercise an option
213
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English exercise price [options] striking price strike price contract price
Arabic
exhaustible resource
exit agreement [debt restructuring]
exit bank [debt restructuring]
exit bond [debt restructuring] exit instrument
exit consent [debt restructuring]
214
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English exit rescheduling [Paris Club]
Arabic
exit strategy [exchange rate pegging]
exogenous shock
Exogenous Shocks Facility ESF shocks facility
exogenous variable
expansionary impulse
expansionary policy
expected economic lifetime expected economic life
215
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English expected rate
Arabic
expected utility EU
expected value [statistics] EV mathematical expectation
expenditure authorization
expenditure commitment commitment
expenditure item [GFS 1986] expense item [GFSM 2001]
Expenditure Policy Division [FAD/EP]
216
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English expenditure tax [GFS 1986]
Arabic
expenditure validation validation
expenditure verification verification
""
expenditure-switching policy switching policy
expense expenditure
explanatory variable [economic models]
export capacity
export credit
217
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English export credit agency [Debt Guide, 1993; External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users, 1993] ECA
Arabic
export duty export tax
export earnings export proceeds export receipts
export performance
export processing zone EPZ industrial free trade zone industrial free trade area
export promotion
218
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English export retention scheme foreign exchange retention scheme foreign exchange retention
Arabic
export shortfall
export surplus
exporting industry
export-led recovery
ex-post [economics]
extended arrangement charge [IMF]
Extended Arrangement [IMF] EA
219
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English extended burden sharing [IMF] extension of burden sharing
Arabic
Extended Credit Facility ECF
Extended Fund Facility [IMF] EFF Extended Facility
extension of Toronto terms
external account [BPM5]
external asset (assets owned abroad by residents) foreign asset
( )
External Audit Committee [IMF]
220
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English external audit mechanism, legal structure and independence of the central bank, financial reporting practices, internal audit mechanism, and the system of internal controls [IMF, safeguards assessments] ELRIC
Arabic ""
external auditor
external claim foreign claim
external contingency element [CCFF] contingency element [CCFF]
external current account
external debt foreign debt
221
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English external disturbance
Arabic
external financing ]39[SNA
external imbalance
External Relations Department ][IMF EXR
external resource envelope
)External Review Committee (on World Bank-IMF Collaboration
) (
external sector foreign sector
external sustainability
222
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English extrabudgetary account extrabudgetary fund EBF
Arabic
Extractive Industries Review EIR
ex-works price EXW price ex factory price factory (gate) price
Facilities Chapeau paper
Facilities Management Division [TGS/DF]
factor cost, at
factor endowment
223
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English factor income share factor share
Arabic
factor income ]39[SNA
factor payments
factoring ][finance
factor-price distortion
failed institution
fair market value market value sale value fair market price fair price
422
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English fair trade
Arabic
fair value
fairness and evenhandedness
family living expenses
farm gate price
FATF-Style Regional Bodies [FSSA] FSRBs
feasibility study
Fed
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