integration of pv in the built environment hachem.pdf · like the wrinkler variosol system, aks...
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Integration of PV in the Built Environment
1 1 1 Caroline Hachem, PhD
NSERC Smart Net-Zero Energy Building Strategic Research Network Réseau De Recherche Stratégique Du sur les bâtiments a consommation énergétique net zéro
Caroline Hachem, PhD
Postdoctoral Fellow
c_hachem@encs.concordia.ca
NSERC Smart Net-zero Energy
Buildings Strategic Research
Network (SNEBRN)
www.solarbuildings.ca
SNEBRN continues from the NSERC Solar Buildings Research Network:29 Profs from 15 Canadian Universities, nearly 80 graduate students, Partners: Building and solar industries, utilities, NRCan
Integration of solar technologies should be planned from the early design stage, while optimizing building form
For proper integration of solar technologies, several design parameters should be considered in the design including:
Tilt angle, Orientation
Integration with the building systems-Integration with HVAC – heat production ( BIPV/thermal: BIPV/T)
Functional integration, architectural and aesthetical
Not just adding solar technologies on buildings
2 2 Caroline Hachem, PhD
NSERC Smart Net-Zero Energy Building Strategic Research Network Réseau De Recherche Stratégique Du sur les bâtiments a consommation énergétique net zéro
Benefits of Integration
The electricity is produced on site, thus reducing the cost and impact of transport and distribution
Elimination of the structural framework required to support free standing solar collectors.
This can help offsetting the cost of support structure
BIPV panels are designed to substitute the external skin of the building envelope , or as part of prefabricated walls and roofs
No additional land area is required.
Glazed flat plate collectors
AKS Doma Solartechnik -FlexSonnenstrasse 1, 6822 Satteins, Austriaoffice@aksdoma.comhttp://www.aksdoma.com
ST "Integrability" characteristics
Shape & size flexibility +
Glazing: surface texture +/-
Absorber: surface texture -
Absorber colour -
Jointing +
Collector conceived as
multifunctional
construction element+
Availability of dummies -
Collector as par of a
complete construction
system-
Like the Wrinkler VarioSol system, AKS Doma Flex
system is a glazed flat plate system conceived for
façades, and is characterized by a very high level of
freedom in both size and shape of the modules: 30
different standard formats up to 20 m2 are offered.
Customized module shapes and dimensions can also
be easily provided. Like for Winkler collectors, this
flexibility comes from the absorber structure made of
strips of small width and length cut to measure up to
6 m. Jointing of different colours are available.
No dummies elements are available, and no choice is
given on absorber colour/texture [5.7].
3 3 Caroline Hachem, PhD
NSERC Smart Net-Zero Energy Building Strategic Research Network Réseau De Recherche Stratégique Du sur les bâtiments a consommation énergétique net zéro
Shape of housing units a) General site considerations b) Minimizing total area for a given
functional area . c) Energy considerations ‒ Passive and Active solar design. General o Orientation: within the optimal
range. Otherwise, trade-offs in shape design should be made.
o South facing window area. Rectangular shapes: Aspect ratio ‒ of 1.3 to 1.6 should be applied . Self -Shading shapes (like L shape) o Number of shading facades o Ratio of shading to shaded façade
widths (depth ratio), and o Angle enclosed by the wings. Roofs (default hip roof): Key effects : surface area, tilt angle and orientation.
S
30° 30°
30°
30°
S
Rectangular shapes: Self -Shading shapes:
Caroline Hachem, PhD
4
Caroline Hachem, PhD
NSERC Smart Net-Zero Energy Building Strategic Research Network Réseau De Recherche Stratégique Du sur les bâtiments a consommation énergétique net zéro
EcoterraTM EQuilibrium House
EcoTERRA integrates
active and passive
solar design:
Passive solar
design:
Optimized triple
glazed windows and
mass
3-kW Building-
integrated
photovoltaic-thermal
system
• Prefabricated home designed to have close to net-zero annual energy consumption
5 Caroline Hachem, PhD
NSERC Smart Net-Zero Energy Building Strategic Research Network Réseau De Recherche Stratégique Du sur les bâtiments a consommation énergétique net zéro
Warm/hot air
flow from
BIPV/T
Sun
Air intakes
in soffit
Building
integrated PV arrays
Air cavity
6 6 Caroline Hachem, PhD
NSERC Smart Net-Zero Energy Building Strategic Research Network Réseau De Recherche Stratégique Du sur les bâtiments a consommation énergétique net zéro
EcoterraTM EQuilibrium House
Building envelope
integration issues of solar
technologies include:
Construction Details -
Avoiding water penetration
Snow melting in winter
(optimal slope etc)
Differential expansion of
layers and panels
Generation of both electricity and useful heat from the same surface can be built as a modular system in a factory as preengineered system.
Funded by NRCan TEAM Program (through CETC Varennes)
The design of the JMSB Façade was modified to include a BIPV/T system.
Near south orientation The exterior wall of the mechanical room
7 Caroline Hachem, PhD
NSERC Smart Net-Zero Energy Building Strategic Research Network Réseau De Recherche Stratégique Du sur les bâtiments a consommation énergétique net zéro
JMSB -Concordia University
A NSERC Solar Buildings Research Network Demonstration Partners: Concordia U., Conserval Day4 Energy, Schneider Electric
• First of its kind: conceived by SBRN
• 300 m2
• 25 kWp Electric
• 75 kWp Heat (preheat up to
15000cfm fresh air for occupants)
• 5-10% of building energy
consumption
Air Inlet
Air
Cavity
Preheated fresh
air
Cold Outdoor
air
The solar facade in the JMSB Building
offers three important aspects
1. Architectural aspect
2. Functional Aspect
3. Energy Generation: Electricity and
Heat
Heat removal from PV = Improved Performance Value of electricity is up to 4 times the value of heat
generation
8 8 Caroline Hachem, PhD
NSERC Smart Net-Zero Energy Building Strategic Research Network Réseau De Recherche Stratégique Du sur les bâtiments a consommation énergétique net zéro
JMSB -Concordia University
9 9 Caroline Hachem, PhD
NSERC Smart Net-Zero Energy Building Strategic Research Network Réseau De Recherche Stratégique Du sur les bâtiments a consommation énergétique net zéro
Neighborhoods
Two shading wings
Living area
Living area
Heigh
t
≈2 times Height
S
30° 30°
30°
30°
Caroline Hachem, PhD
10
Caroline Hachem, PhD
NSERC Smart Net-Zero Energy Building Strategic Research Network Réseau De Recherche Stratégique Du sur les bâtiments a consommation énergétique net zéro
Positioning of housing units on a site. a) Straight road (east west direction) Low density- Detached units o Apply passive solar design for shapes. Minimum
distance between adjacent units (bylaws) High density- Attached units o Attached units are recommended for increased
density. For non-convex shapes configurations, the depth ratio and number of shading facades should be considered.
b) Curved Road Low density- Detached units o Planar obstruction angle (POA) o Orientation around the curve High Density - Attached units o Similar observations as for straight road. Additional
design issues should be addressed. c) Row Configurations Low density ‒ Detached units o Distance between rows of 1.5 - 2 times the height of
the shading building. High density ‒ Attached units o The same design recommendations as detached units.
Electricity generation 110% of the total energy use of the neighborhood
Seasonal thermal storage
BIPV Systems
BIPV Systems
District heating
Solar collectors
Generation of 62% of the total energy use
Generation of 80% of the total energy use
Some house shapes (e.g L-shape) are more beneficial in a specific site layout.
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11 Caroline Hachem, PhD
NSERC Smart Net-Zero Energy Building Strategic Research Network Réseau De Recherche Stratégique Du sur les bâtiments a consommation énergétique net zéro
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