needle coke

Needle Coke from Asian PitchBoom turns into bust

Vincent J. GuercioVincent J. GuercioCTC InternationalCTC International

ITA Annual ConferenceITA Annual ConferenceOctober October 2016 2016 -- Seoul, Republic of KoreaSeoul, Republic of Korea

DMZ & DMZ & DorasanDorasan -- 도라산도라산 Winter 1955Winter 1955--5656

T o p i c sT o p i c s

Delayed CokingDelayed Coking

Coke Types, Grades & UsesCoke Types, Grades & Uses

Needle Coke PropertiesNeedle Coke PropertiesNeedle Coke PropertiesNeedle Coke Properties

Needle Coke Feedstock (NCFS)Needle Coke Feedstock (NCFS)

Needle Coke PlantsNeedle Coke Plants

Petroleum versus Coal Tar PricingPetroleum versus Coal Tar Pricing

Delayed Coking ProcessDelayed Coking Process

Delayed Coking ProcessDelayed Coking Process

Delayed Coking ProcessDelayed Coking Process

Coke Drum CycleCoke Drum Cycle

Delayed CokerDelayed Coker

Coke CalcinerCoke Calciner

Delayed Coke TypesDelayed Coke Types

NeedleNeedle

SpongeSponge

ShotShot

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Green (uncalcined)Green (uncalcined)

CalcinedCalcined

Needle Coke Structure Sponge Coke Structure

Needle Coke StructureNeedle Coke Structure

Needle Coke UsesNeedle Coke Uses

Electric Arc Furnace Electrodes Electric Arc Furnace Electrodes

Other Graphite ElectrodesOther Graphite ElectrodesOther Graphite ElectrodesOther Graphite Electrodes(Sodium chlorate, Magnesium, etc.)(Sodium chlorate, Magnesium, etc.)

Graphite BlocksGraphite Blocks(Nuclear, Aluminum cathodes, etc.)(Nuclear, Aluminum cathodes, etc.)

Polysilicon ManufacturePolysilicon Manufacture

Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

EAF Graphite ElectrodesEAF Graphite Electrodes

Needle Coke to EAF ElectrodesNeedle Coke to EAF Electrodes

Desired Needle Coke PropertiesDesired Needle Coke Properties

Needle Structure (Anisometric)Needle Structure (Anisometric)

High DensityHigh Density

Low SulfurLow SulfurLow SulfurLow Sulfur

Low NitrogenLow Nitrogen

Low AshLow Ash

Low Coefficient Thermal Expansion (CTE)Low Coefficient Thermal Expansion (CTE)

Needle Coke Needle Coke -- Typical PropertiesTypical Properties

GreenGreen CalcinedCalcined

Sulfur, Sulfur, weight %weight % 0.50.5 0.50.5

Nitrogen, Nitrogen, weight %weight % 0.70.7 0.50.5Nitrogen, Nitrogen, 0.70.7 0.50.5

Nickel, Nickel, weight ppmweight ppm 55--77

Ash, Ash, weight % maxweight % max 0.10.1 0.10.1

VCM*, VCM*, weight % max weight % max 66

* VCM = Volatile Combustible Matter* VCM = Volatile Combustible Matter

Needle Coke GradesNeedle Coke Grades

Low Quality Low Quality (recarburizer)(recarburizer)

RegularRegular

PremiumPremium

Super PremiumSuper Premium

Needle Coke Feedstocks (NCFS)Needle Coke Feedstocks (NCFS)

FCC Decant OilFCC Decant Oil

Vacuum ResidVacuum ResidVacuum ResidVacuum Resid(as low sulfur thermal tar)(as low sulfur thermal tar)

Coal Tar PitchCoal Tar Pitch

x Ethylene Tar xx Ethylene Tar x

Desired NCFS PropertiesDesired NCFS Properties

Low SulfurLow Sulfur

Low NitrogenLow Nitrogen

Low AshLow AshLow AshLow Ash

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Low Quinoline Insolubles (QI)Low Quinoline Insolubles (QI)

Low Toluene Insolubles (TI)Low Toluene Insolubles (TI)

Needle Coke Capacity Needle Coke Capacity -- 11

CountryCountry CompanyCompany LocationLocation StartStart KTPYKTPY Feed*Feed*

USAUSA Phillips 66Phillips 66 Lake Charles, LALake Charles, LA 19571957 400400 THDOTHDO

Seadrift Seadrift ((GrafTech)GrafTech) Seadrift, TXSeadrift, TX 19831983 170170 DODO

UKUK Phillips 66Phillips 66 ImminghamImmingham 19691969 200200 TDOTDO

IndiaIndia Indian Oil Indian Oil (IOCL)(IOCL) Bongaigaon, AssamBongaigaon, Assam 20052005 1010 DODO

RussiaRussia Novoil Novoil (Novo(Novo--Ufimski)Ufimski) Ufa, BashkortostanUfa, Bashkortostan 19951995 ?? DODO

JapanJapan PetrocokesPetrocokes Mizushima, OkayamaMizushima, Okayama 19711971 220220 TDOTDO

JX Nippon JX Nippon (Koa)(Koa) Marifu, HiroshimaMarifu, Hiroshima 19601960 160160 TDO, TTTDO, TT

CC--Chem Chem (Nippon Steel)(Nippon Steel) Tobata, FukuokaTobata, Fukuoka 19791979 170170 PitchPitch

Mitsubishi ChemicalMitsubishi Chemical Sakaide, KagawaSakaide, Kagawa 19791979 150150 PitchPitch

** DO = Decant oil THDO = Thermal cracked hydrotreated decant oil TT = Thermal tar (virgin)DO = Decant oil THDO = Thermal cracked hydrotreated decant oil TT = Thermal tar (virgin)

Pitch Coking Pioneered in JapanPitch Coking Pioneered in Japan

Anode cokers built 1969Anode cokers built 1969--19731973

Japan aluminum smelters shut 1970sJapan aluminum smelters shut 1970sJapan aluminum smelters shut 1970sJapan aluminum smelters shut 1970s

Cosolvent process to precipitate QI developedCosolvent process to precipitate QI developed

Needle coke production started 1979Needle coke production started 1979

Needle Coke Capacity Needle Coke Capacity -- 22

CountryCountry CompanyCompany LocationLocation StartStart KTPYKTPY Feed*Feed*

ChinaChina PetrochinaPetrochina (Jinzhou Petchem)(Jinzhou Petchem) Jinzhou, LiaoningJinzhou, Liaoning 19951995 100100 DODO

Hongte Hongte Coal ChemCoal Chem Luliang, ShanxiLuliang, Shanxi 20062006 150150 PitchPitch

Sinosteel Sinosteel Anshan, LiaoningAnshan, Liaoning 20102010 120120 PitchPitch

Deli ChemicalDeli Chemical Shijiazhuang, Hebei Shijiazhuang, Hebei 20112011 1010 PitchPitch

Baosteel ChemBaosteel Chem Wuhai , Inner Mongolia Wuhai , Inner Mongolia 20152015 50 50 PitchPitchBaosteel ChemBaosteel Chem Wuhai , Inner Mongolia Wuhai , Inner Mongolia 20152015 50 50 PitchPitch

Huahang EnergyHuahang Energy Yulin, ShaanxiYulin, Shaanxi 20152015 2020 PitchPitch

CC--Chem Chem (Nippon Steel)(Nippon Steel) Pizhou, JiangsuPizhou, Jiangsu 20162016 6060 PitchPitch

Baotailong Coal Baotailong Coal Qitaihe, HeilongjiangQitaihe, Heilongjiang Planned?Planned? 5050 PitchPitch

Fangda CarbonFangda Carbon Huludao, LiaoningHuludao, Liaoning PlannedPlanned 100100 DODO

Jinhui Coal CokingJinhui Coal Coking Xiaoyi, Luliang, ShanxiXiaoyi, Luliang, Shanxi PlannedPlanned 100 100 PitchPitch

KoreaKorea PMC Tech PMC Tech (Posco/Mitsubishi)(Posco/Mitsubishi) Gwangyang, JeollanamGwangyang, Jeollanam 20152015 6060 PitchPitch

OCI CompanyOCI Company Gunsan, JeollabukGunsan, Jeollabuk PlannedPlanned 100 100 Pitch+DOPitch+DO

** DO = Decant oilDO = Decant oil

NCFS NCFS -- Petroleum versus Coal TarPetroleum versus Coal Tar

600

700

800

900

1000

US

$ /

Ton

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

J10 J J11 J J12 J J13 J J14 J J15 J J16 J

US

$ /

Ton

Brent Crude China CT China Soft Pitch

China Tar Distillation ProductsChina Tar Distillation ProductsPrice Ratios to Raw Coal TarPrice Ratios to Raw Coal Tar

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

Pri

ce

Ra

tio

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

J10 J J11 J J12 J J13 J J14 J J15 J J16 J

Pri

ce

Ra

tio

Naph/CT ATO/CT SP/CT Coal Tar

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