world politics north korea

NORTH KOREASubject: PoliticsLecturer: Gary Giss

Group’s members• Đặng Kim Hiếu - 1258020• Trần Quang Khôi - 1258027• Đào Ngọc Lan Đài - 1258007• Nguyễn Trọng Tấn - 1258068• Nguyễn Thị Trà My- 1258034

Outline• Introduction• Politics• Economy• Society• Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

NORTH KOREA

• Relative Location: Eastern Asia on the coast of the Sea of Japan, it is located on a peninsula.

• Absolute Location: 39.2 N 125.45 E

Location

North Korea Physical Features/map

Background

• Japan invaded North Korea in 1905

• Korea split into North & South Korea in 1945

• On June 25th 1950, North Korea sent 75,000 soldiers across the 38th Parallel attacking the South.

Timeline

1944 1948 1960's19531950

Japanese occupation of Korea ends

Soviet troops withdraw

South declares independence, sparking North Korean invasion

Armistice ends Korean War,

Rapid industrial growth.

1980 1991 200320011994

Kim Jong-il, moved up party and political ladder.

North and South Korea join the United Nations

Death of Kim Il-sung. Kim Jong-il succeeds him as leaderNorth Korea agrees to freeze nuclear program

Worst drought in history

North Korea withdraws from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

North Korean Leaders• North Korea is a

communist state led by a Dictator. That Dictator is now Kim Jong-un

Human Environment Interaction• North Korea's agricultural

economy is 35% while its industry and services are 65% of its economy

Floods and Food shortages

Religion• Buddhist, Hindu or a Confucius

Movement• The government has total control and

they decide where people are, and how everything works and flows.

The government provide the illusion of religion.

• Closed economy

Continuity Through Change Of North Korea• In 1994 : The ‘Arduous March’ • Kim Jong il died in December 2011• Economy was in meltdown• Kim Jong Un has become the head of a new collective leadership

that appears firmly in control

Biography Kim Jong-il• Kim Jong-il was the powerful leader of

North Korea from 1994 to 2011• By that time North Korea had become

one of the most isolated countries in the world, with frequent famines and an economy in a shambles

• Kim's attempts to acquire nuclear weapons for North Korea

• He reportedly suffered a stroke in 2008, and died three years later

POLITICS

NORTH KOREA POLITICAL

Political parties

• Democratic Republic• Single party : Workers' Party of

Korea.

Political ideology

• Juche (state ideology).• Songun ("military-first" policy).

Juche (Chosŏn'gŭl: 주체 ; hancha: 主體 ;)

• Described by the regime as Kim Il-Sung's "original, brilliant and revolutionary contribution to national and international thought“ .

Songun (or, alternatively, Seon'gun)

• Songun became major ideology after Kim Il-sung's death.

• Their army was called Korean People’s Army.

Military

• The KPA has 1,106,000 active and 8,389,000 reserve and paramilitary troops, making it the largest military institution in the world.

• Approximately one in every 25 citizens is an enlisted soldier.

Weapon• North Korea had been

suspected of maintaining a clandestine nuclear weapons development program since the early 1980s when it constructed a plutonium-producing Magnox nuclear reactor at Yongbyon.

• North Korea's ability to deliver weapons of mass destruction to a hypothetical target is somewhat limited by its missile technology.

• KN-1 • KN-2 • Hwasong-5 • Hwasong-6 • Nodong-1 • Taepodong

ECONOMY

North Korea’s Economic Phases

• Industrialization• The Soviet model (self-reliance)1960s

• Foreign loans and indulged in large-scale imports of machinery and plant facilities

• The oil shock the petroleum prices1970s

• Malfunctioning in its centralized planned system in the form of supply shortages, systemic inefficiency, and infrastructural decay

• Refusing to open up the economy1980s

• Collapsed (The disintegration of the Soviet Union, food crisis, natural disasters: hails in 1994, flooding in 1995-1996, and droughts in 1997) pushed North Korea into a crisis

• Dependent on international aid1990s

Foreign Loans & Grants (US$ Million)

Former Soviet Union China Other Socialist

StatesOECD

Members Subtotal

Before 1948 53.0 - - - 53.0

1953-60 609.0 459.6 364.9 - 1,883.5

(Grants) (325.0) (287.1) (364.9) - (977.0)

1961-70 558.3 157.4 159.0 9 883.7

1971-80 682.1 300.0 - 1,292.2 2,274.1

1981-90 508.4 500.0 - - 1,008.4

Total 2,409.8 1,417.0 523.9 1,301.0 6,102.7

Source: North Korea’s External Debts: Trend and Characteristics, Korea Focus (KDI Review of the North Korea Economy,March 2012, published by the Korea Development Institute)

North Korea’s Economic Phases

• Industrialization• The Soviet model (self-reliance)1960s

• Foreign loans and indulged in large-scale imports of machinery and plant facilities

• The oil shock the petroleum prices1970s

• Malfunctioning in its centralized planned system in the form of supply shortages, systemic inefficiency, and infrastructural decay

• Refusing to open up the economy1980s

• collapsed (The disintegration of the Soviet Union, food crisis, natural disasters: hails in 1994, flooding in 1995-1996, and droughts in 1997) pushed North Korea into a crisis

• Dependent on international aid1990s

Amount of Shortage (Unit: 10,000 ton)

1995 121

1996 184

1997 161

1998 146

1999 115

2000 96

2001 165

2002 141

2003 129

2004 114

2005 106

2006 106

2007 95

2008 139

2009 117

2010 135

2011 109

• Rolled out 14 new Special Economic Zones2013

• The economic growth picked for few years before dipping again.2000s

• Malfunctioning in its centralized planned system in the form of supply shortages, systemic inefficiency, and infrastructural decay

• Refusing to open up the economy1980s

• collapsed (The disintegration of the Soviet Union, food crisis, natural disasters: hails in 1994, flooding in 1995-1996, and droughts in 1997) pushed North Korea into a crisis

• Dependent on international aid1990s

The “military” ambition• 1966: the defense sector comprised around 10% total expenditures

• 1967 to 1971: over 30 %• 1970s: 30% - 50%

• GDP: $33.3 billion (2013) (rise of 1.1%)• agriculture: 23.4% • industry: 47.2% • services: 29.4%

• The main industries:• military products• machine building• electric power, chemicals• mining (coal, iron ore, limestone, graphite, copper, zinc,

lead, and precious metals), metallurgy• textiles, food processing• tourism

• China and South Korea are North’s main trading partners.

• CIA’s 2012 estimates from the Factbook reveal:• 63% of the exports from North are directed to China• 27% to South Korea• 73% percent of the total imports comes from China

(concessional assistance and support)• 19% from South Korea

SOCIETY

Demography• Ethnically homogeneous• Population growth rate

Healthcare• Public health • Free universal insurance system• Preventive medicine emphasization

Pyongyang Maternity Hospital

Infrastructure• Rail transport is by far the most widespread• Road transport is very limited• Obsolete and in disrepair• Develop own civilian nuclear program

A Soviet-built M62 diesel unit at Pyongyang Station

EDUCATION

EDUCATION

RELIGION

RELIGION

HUMAN RIGHTS

HUMAN RIGHTS

CONCLUSION

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