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ANAT123 (Biol123)

Cell Structure and Function

Features of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

The major cell components and how they

interact to deliver observable cell behaviour

insights into the manner in which cells

interact

key exemplars of cell components and

processes

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Your Lecturers

Dr A Simpson

Dr P Miller

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ANAT123 -about the course.

Biological Sciences handbook page 22

Website:

https://vital.liv.ac.uk Molecular Cell Biology; Lodish et al., Scientific

American Books

Molecular Biology of the Cell; Alberts et al.,

Garland Publishing.

The World of the Cell; Becker et al., PearsonEducation

Biology; Campbell and Reece, Pearson Education

http://www.liv.ac/bio/studyweb/modules/BIOL123http://www.liv.ac/bio/studyweb/modules/BIOL123

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Recommended Reading

Biology; Campbell and Reece, PearsonEducation, 7th Edition

Unit 2 The Cell, chapters 6,7,11 and 12;

Unit 3, chapters 13; Unit 5, chapters 26 and27.

A visit to www.campbellbiology.com is

highly recommended http://www.open2.net/science/cellcity/

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Assessment

100% examination

60 multiple choice (1 correct from 4)

Exam 1.5 hrs

Self assessment- x2 within lectures slots.

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Lecture 1: Introduction to Course

What is life? General properties:

Order

Reproduction

Growth and development

Energy Organisms take in energy and use it to

perform work

Response to the environment

Homeostasis

Evolutionary adaptation

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What is a cell?

All self-sustaining life is based on cells

A unit of life

All organisms are constructed from cells All organisms derived from a single cell

Cells are the simplest independent units

Cells can only arise by the replication of othercells

= CELL THEORY

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1665 Hooke drew the cutsurface of cork as seenthrough a microscope. Patterndescribed as cells.

1838 Schleiden(plants), 1839Schwann(animals)Organisms grow only bygrowth and division of cells.

1858 Virchow; Every animalappears as the sum of vitalunits, each of which bears initself the completecharacteristics of life.

History

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Cell theory - So what?

Cells all evolved from some sort ofancestral cell

All cells are related by ancestry

PROVE IT!

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Evidence for cell theory

Based on similarities of structure andfunction

Use of DNA for hereditary data storage

Use of universal genetic code Use of DNA > RNA > Protein

Have highly related genes (sequences)

Have similar metabolic mechanisms Use lipid bilayers as boundary membranes

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What sorts of cells are there?

Prokaryotes(prokaryotic cells)

no nucleus

Chromosome e.g. Bacteria

have cell membrane

Eukayotes(eukaryotic cells)

nucleus

Contains chromosomes e.g.fungi/protozans/ plant

cells/animal cells

have cell membranes

have organelles..

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Evolution of cells

0 1 2 3 4Billions of years

Prokaryotic cells Euk Mult

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Relationship between

prokaryotes and eukaryotes Prokaryotes are simple

evolved first

Eukayotes came later Eukaryotes have organelles similar to

aerobic bacteria (mitochondria)

photosynthetic bacteria (chloroplasts)

archaebacteria (host cell)

Eukaryotes evolved from symbiotic fusion ofprokaryotes

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Eukaryotes are more advanced

Multicellular organisms are colonies of

eukaryotic cells

The diversity of organisms arises from the

properties of these cells

The cells within an organism have different

properties

= DIFFERENTIATION

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Cell differentiation

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Organisation of an organism

Singled cell life forms

The cell IS the organism

Multicellular organisms

Differentiated cells

ORGANISED into

A. Tissues

B. Organs

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An example of cell organisation

Cells are organised into Tissues

Two fundamental sorts of tissue in our

bodies

A. Epithelia

B. Mesenchymal tissue...

Tissues are organised into organs

heart liver brain etc

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Basic types of tissue

Epithelia

Basement

membrane

(extracellular

matrix)

Mesenchymal

cells

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Brief summary

Cells are the fundamental unit of life Two major types of cell:

eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Eukaryotic cells developed from prokaryotic Eukaryotic cells evolved to form multicellular

organisms

The structure of organisms is based onfundamental types of tissue

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ANAT123 Course Information

Reading. Lecture material and course content are derivedfrom the following texts:

Molecular Cell Biology; Lodish et al., ScientificAmerican Books

Molecular Biology of the Cell; Alberts et al.,Garland Publishing.

The World of the Cell; Becker et al., PearsonEducation

Biology; Campbell and Reece, PearsonEducation