ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE PROGRAMME 2004-2005 DESIGN REPORT

LIGHT RAIL . INFRASTRUCTURE UTILIZATION

MAN Siu Fun May 2005

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Thesis Content

Part 1 Thesis Proposal Site History Site Constraints Deisgn Strategy Design Goal Design Validity Case Study

Part 2 Tuen Mun Site Analysis Design Potentials and Issues

Part 3 Thesis Statment Site Selection Site Analysis Site Intervention

Part 4 Design Process

Parts Final Drawings

Part 1 Thesis Proposal Site History Site Constraints Deisgn Strategy Design Goal Design Validity Case Study

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Proposal Preface:

Within the North West New Territories (NWNT), the Light Rail System is the major mode of transportation. With the characteristics of high level of local accessibility, low air and noise pollution, and light in dimension, the network is especially suitable for linking distribute residen-tial communities to city centre. The network has totally 68 stations located at shopping centers, residential communities and recreational facili-ties.

Thesis Proposal

Light

Regional Transportat ion

Local Transportat ion

C o m m u n i l v Leisure RccnratioiiHl Facility

Present Situation: -Refer to the district planning, the Light rail defines the urban core -Recreational facilities concentrate in particular zone but scare at some communities. -Linkage between communities is weak -Demand for more recreational facilities and open space -Linkage between station and community served is weak

(The stations are located at road sides and lack of connection to the community centre) -Types of recreational facilities is limited.

Potential Development: a) Development of a recreational corridor along the rail,

links up all the distributed facilities in the region b) Additional facilities along the rail or at station,

provides people with variety of leisure activities

Thesis Direction: Modification of Light Rail Infrastructure for developing recreational facil it ies in Tuen Mun

Terms of Criticism a) Accessibility

b) Linkage c) Public Space d) Environment Issues e) Facilities f) Safety g) Variety

Walking and its relationship to the Rail Pedestrian experience across and along the rail Connection between community, station & recreational facilities Relation between open space of the community and stations Integration in harmony with natural environment Facilities encouraging walking, cycling and leisure activities Safety of leisure activities and personal safety in rural area Different types of activities for different ages

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Thesis Concept Thesis Proposal

Existing Situation in Tuen Mun

Site Constraints

Thesis Goa

Design Strategy and Its Validity

Site Analysis

Design Potentials and Issues

Site Selection

Site Intervention

Design Scheme

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1963 Tuen Mun Planning

Commercial/ Residential

Village

Residential

Staff Hostel

Industrial

Educational

Recreational

Agriculture

^ H i Pond/R.ver/Sea

Flat Land

Greenery

Other

Government/ Communtty Facilrties

Development of Light Rail and Urban Area 1963 Tuen Mun Planning

District P lanning

History of Tuen Mun 2 Existing Situation

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Development of Light Rail and Urban Area 5

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History of Tuen Mun 2 Existing Situation

1981 TuenMun Planning

District l) lanning

1981 TuenMun Planning

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Coastal Line 1994

Development of Light Rail and Urban Area 6

History of Tuen Mun 2 Existing Situation

1994 〜2004 Tuen Mun Planning

Development of Light Rail and Urban Area 7

Planning Concepts Existing Situation

"TUG门 M u n The basic planning and design principle: An 'urban core' which would accommo-date the bulk of housing, industrial, com-mercial and associated recreational and community facilities

Light Rail System

Light Rail defines and symbolizes the Tuen Mun Urban Core

The objectives of development in Tuen Mun: • To provide a wide range of housing types, both public and private; • To achieve a high-quality environment, particularly in residential areas; • To provide opportunities for new industrial and commercial developments and jobs; • To develop an integrated modern transport system; • To provide a variety of attractive recreational facilities; • To make available a full range of educational, health, welfare and other community facilities; and • To safe-guard important landscape features.

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Demand for Recreational Facilities Constraints in Tuen Mun

Population Up to March 2001 Upon Full Development Increase In Future

Total 480,200 602,000 120,000

Percentage by Housing Type Private Housing 25% 27% 42,000

Village Housing 2% 3% 8,400

Public Housing 73% 70% 69,600

Community Facilities Up to June 2001 Upon Full Development

Additional amount required

Community Centre/Hall 9 18 9

Children and Youth Centre 18 19 1

Hostel for the Elderly 7 8 1

Sports Stadium/Complex 1 2 1

Swimming Pool Complex 2 3 1

Indoor Recreation Centre 5 8 3

Cultural Complex 1 1 0

Library 3 3 0

Open Space (ha) Up to March 2001 Upon Full Development

Additional amount required

Local Open Space 43 62 19 District Open Space 55 105 50

• mm mm mm mm

Source: 2002 Tuen Mun and Yuen Long District Planning Office Planning Department (http://www.info.gov.hkyplanning/info_serv/publication/nt_pamphlet02/tnn—html/index—e.htm)

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Variety of Facility and Distribution Constraints in Tuen Mun

丁own and

Coiniiuuiity Centres

Indoor Spoil Facilities OutdoorSport Facilities

Parks

Light Rail System

Historical Sites / Temples

o 100 200 500m

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Thesis Design Strategy Continuous Along Entire Light Rail System

Design Strategy

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1. Mosaic of small-scale facilities 2. Continuous Along Light Rail 3. Decentralization

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Additional Facilities and Open Space New Form of Recreational Facilities - Building Form --> Urban Form

Thesis Goal

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Building Form

Urban Form

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Types of Recreational Facilities Thesis Goal

Shape Enclosure Minimum Size Linear Discrete Indoor Outdoor Small Medium Large

Walking

Running

Skating

Cycling

Sitting

Swimming

Table Tennis

Badiminton

Basket Ball

Bowling

Library

Karaoke

Message

Shopping

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300m Comfortable Walking Distance Design Vaildity

Radius 300m Comfortable Walking Distance

Walking t ime wi th ing this radius is about 5 to 10 mins, it proves that every points on the rail arc convc-nicncc to access .

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Light Rail Connecting Dense Areas Design Validity

Dense Residential Community

Dense Residential & Comiiimercial

Multi-Function Are

T h e Light Rail Sys tem def ines the Tucn Mun District. It conncc ts up most of the dense communi ty , so that facilit ies a long the rail would benefi t a large propor t ion of people living there.

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Rail Next to Main Road

Rail Next to Main Road 2

Rail Next to Shopping Mall

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Types of Rail Spatial Organisation Design Vaildity

Rail Next to One-way Road

Rail Next to Might way in Rural Area

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Cycling / Walk

2.6m

Station

12m

7.1m 2.6m 2m

Station Walk

Dimension of Rail and Station, space for potential development

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Design Validity

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Case Study • Light Rail System Strasbourg, France Light Rail System Strasbourg, France

Case Study

A

In 1994，Strasbourg was the fourth city in France to introduce a new light rail system. The network has totally 47 stations located at city centre and suburban area and links Central Station and Metro. It claims to be an outstanding example of good practice because of achievement of wide objec-tives. The main objectives of the project include improvements of public spaces at city center; Improvements of linkage at central urban area; improvements in quality of life; and enhance-ment in city images. Strategies and fundamental elements of the project: 1. Introduction of a light rail passing through the city centre 2. Enhancement of public space surrounds major thoroughfares 3. Pedestrianization of streets and reduction of noise and pollution in city centre 4. Development of a sub-system of cycle path

B. Thesis context and its relationship to the Case Study Within the North West New Territories (NWNT), the Light Rail System is the major mode of transportation. The network has totally 68 sta-tions located at shopping centers, residential communities and recreational facilities. The goal of the thesis is making use of the infrastructure of the light rail to become rec-reational facilities which benefit to ail commu-nities along.Compare to the Light System in Strasbourg, both systems are at similar sizes and serving similar types of users and areas. Therefore, both projects would share similar basic critical issues. In this paper, I would like to study its critical is-sues and the successful factors in the light rail in Strasbourg. As a result, it can be applied as a basic data of critical issues to the thesis and examples of good strategies.

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Re-organization of Metropolitan Area and Reduction of Car Use

City Fabric Without Light Rail System

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m m System

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Case Study

Pedestrianization Street

Before and After the construction of Light Rail System

Recondition of Public Space

before and After the construction of Light Rail System

City Fabric without Light Rsu^ystem City Fabric after Light Rail System

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Case Study

Summary of critical issues in the case study：

Urban Scale -Revitalization of Metropolitan Area -Re-route of Vehicle Traffic -Renewal in Urban Transport Network

District Scale -Pedestrianization of Street -Recondition of Public Space -Consolidation of Fragmented Public Space

Station Scale -Station Design -Facilities -Connection to Surroundings -Environmental Issues

C. Inspiration from the analysis and how to apply it on the research of the thesis

By studying the critical issues in the Strasbourg Light Rail in different scale, I found that Light Rail can have significant enhancements of ur-ban fabric, especially at dense city center. Base on the critical Issues studied, I hope that the intervention along the light rail in Hong Kong not only can benefit the entire community and fascinate the life of the people by adding recre-ational facilities，but also have enhancement in all-around aspects and maximize the potential development of existing rail system.

D. Reference 1. http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/ strasbourg/index.html 2. http://www.tramdev.clara.net/index.htm 3. http://www.snostras.com/ptram2.htm 4. http://www.eaue.de/winuwd/76.htm

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Usual Track High Quality Grassed Track

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Part 2 Tuen Mun Site Analysis Design Potentials and Issues

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Light Rail Potentials for Street Enhancement in Tuen Mun

With the site analys is on the Light Rail Sys tem in T u e n M u n , the un ique character is t ic of Light Rail is found . It is pure ly for m o v e m e n t of peop le and has potent ia l for fur ther inf ras t ruc ture d e v e l o p m e n t in t e rms of spatial d imens ion . In addi t ion, refer to the distr ict p lanning; there is high d e m a n d for addi t ional rccrcat ional facil i t ies and open spacc in Tuen Mun . T h e s e two facts suggest that an intervent ion of Light Rail inf ras t ructure for genera t ion of rccrcat ional facil i t ies and cnhanccmcn t of social activit ies.

Role of Lij^ht Rail

As one of e lements on the street and a type of mass t ransporta t ion, Light Rail serves the region as the m o v e m e n t role of street. Its charac ter as urban t ransporta t ion is d e a r . In the d iscuss ion below, cn-hanccmcn t on street by Light Rail would be focuscd on: how to extend the charactcr of Light Rail to the aspects of accessibi l i ty and activit ies. At certain scalc, the d e a r boundary be tween interior and exterior on street b c c o m c s blurred with the set-t lement of Light Rail. DilTcrcnl f rom train, the Light Rail serves smal l -scalc communi ty , and it makes the Light Rail station as light as a bus slop. T h e s tat ions arc transit ion spacc be tween cabinct and street. It could be a t tached to interior facilit ies as arrival point I or passengers , or shelter at road side expos ing to air I or passengers ' wai t ing and pedes t r ians ' resting. DilTcrcnt tVoni tlic h o m o g e n o u s nature of road sys- • Icin, the stat ions o f � � g h t Rail genera tes ga ther ing �

spots on street. By observat ion , activit ies on street arc not only dynamic activit ies on pa thway and cy- • cliniz tracks, I he s tat ions also c n c o u n m c static activi-tics on the pedestr ian pa thway surround the station such as tbocl sell ing, rest ing and chat t ing. To conc ludc , it shows that the Light Rail has initi-ated the furtlKT scopc of accessibi l i ty and new form of activi t ies on street. For further enhancemen t , expans ion and l inkage of int lucncc / o n e by the Light Rail, better acccss f rom the Light Rail, and diversi ty of activi t ies is ncccssarv.

Site Aoialysis

Natural Landscape I iiih* 1

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Road System Pattern VOui Historical Sites and Temples

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Site Aoialysis

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Stations Stat ions VS Recreat ional Faci l t ies ICO 200

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Site Aoialysis

Recreat ional Faci l i t ies VS Commun i t y 、OOm

Communities VS Stations ICO

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Combinations of Different Types of Zones 2 D«nn龜r»d on Light Rail at different

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Combinations of Different Types of Zones Demand on Light Rail at different zones at weekdays

Site Aoialysis

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Types of Station Configuration

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Combinations of Different Types of Zones 3 Demand on Light Rail at different zones at weekdays

Site Aoialysis

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Decentralization Design Potentials and Issues

Existing Stations - Discrete Gathering Nodes

Proposed Design Stations - Neigbouring Functional Linkage

Station i Facilities & Rail •‘ Station

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Types of Station Space Railway Stations - Modular, Clear Edge

Design Potentials and Issues

Outdoor

Light Rail Stations - Continuous, Ambiguous

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Platform、> Platform ”> < Platform、)

Platform、, Platform 、> Facilities I Open Space Platform、,

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Accessibility Design Potentials and Issues

Train System

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B B

Light Rail System

A A A A

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Hierarchy of Spatial Organization Design Potentials and Issues

Existing, along Light Rail Spatial Organisation for different density of activities

Activities concentrate at station

Options Spatial Organisation for different density of activities

Activities concentrate at both station and middle facilities of two stations. -Accessibility to facilities increase -Addition support space

Activities distribute along the rail -Accessibility to facilities increase -Variety of Combinations of facilities Small-scale facilites instead of Large-scale facilties

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Permeability VS Separation Design Potentials and Issues

Degree of Permeability is high, with visual and physical linkage

Degree of Permeability is low, visual and physical linkage is weak

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Part 3 Thesis Statment Site Location Site Analysis Site Intervention

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Light Rail Infrastructure Utiliza tion

Thesis Statement and Site Location

Thesis Statement To demonstrate that the existing Light Rai Infrastructure in Tuen Mun could be uti-lized to cater the demand of recreational facilities of local communities

Thesis Description 1. Wiith the site analysis on the Light Rai System in Tuen Mun, the unique charac-teristic of Light Rail is found. 2. Along the rail, the cycling tracks and walkways are purely for movement of peo-ple and there are Leftover Space which are potentially for further infrastructure development. 3. In addition, refer to the district planning; there is high demand for additional recre-ational facilities and open space in Tuen Mun. 4. These facts suggest that an intervention of Light Rail infrastructure for generation of recreational facilities and enhancement of social activities.

Interventions and Goal Generally speaking, buildings use for pri-vate activities; parks and playgrounds use for public recreational purpose, streets use for movement and activities, Light Rail uses for movement of people. The idea is breaking the clear categorization of these elements, so that the intervention on Light Rail would become enhancement of y, streets, making it safer, livable and more attractive. The new form of space would be a mixture of private and public space, providing people with interior activities and exterior activities. The space gener-ated would be ambiguous in shape and functions.

Site Location - Z o n i n g Variety of Combina t ions : Resident ial . Indus-trial, and Hducational areas

- F a c i l i t i e s Hight D e m a n d for addit ion rccrcat ional facili ties and variety of facili t ies

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Site Analysis Existing Light Rail in Tuen Mun Context

In existing Light Rail network, the Light Rail runs on one side of roads. This configura-tion differentiates the two sides of the rail with hierarchy. It also means that the permeabil-ity across the two sides of the road is further decreased by the rail. As a result, linkage for pedestrian movement is necessary. Due to the construction of bridge and tunnel, facilities and open space are connected across the Light Rail and road. In certain extent, it can be said as an expansion of Light Rail influence zone.

Light Rail stations locate at the edge of com-munity instead of the community center. In general, connection of the stations to the com-munity is desirable for greater accessibility. It can facilitate the social activities along the path, surround the stations and at community center. Except for busy and denseiy street at town cen-ter, parallel pedestrian and cycling pathways are usually attached to the rail. It is the major places of activities along the rail at present, considerations on these pathways are neces-sary in the proposals.

At town center, infrastructures are densely built along the road, so empty space or leftover space are not common. The spatial need for intervention on Light Rail would be limited to above or underneath the rail. Fortunately, at sub-urban area of Tuen Mun, there is empty space in small sizes next to Light Rail. In addi-tion, the planting slope according to the level difference of the landscape has potentials for enhancement of the street.

Site Aoialysis

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Part 2

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Site Analysis

Part 1 - At Light Rail Station

Context - A nearby bridge across the rail and road for

pedestrian movement, it makes use of topology

and extends the influence zone of the station.

Strategy - By extending the station to the slop, the sta-

tion would merge with the landscape giving

itself an identity from other stations.

- New facilities on slop would provide all us-

ers with additional enjoyment.

Program Connection across rail and road

Public Art Gallery

Bicycle Parking Space

Part 1

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Site Analysis

Part 2 - Along Light Rail Line

Context - Leftover space and empty space exist in the form of slope and grassland.

Strategy - Extension of the landscape to rail to form a

new ground, attracting people from commu-

nity to light rail.

- By making use of attached empty and left-

over space, the additional facilities and open

space not only increase the diversity of street

use, but also facilitate the use of parks and

facilities in existing context

Program Cafe

Washroom

Open Space

Bicycle Park and Parking Space

Part 2

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Site Analysis Site Analysis

300m Comfortable Walking Distance

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Site Aoialysis

User Group

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Site Aoialysis

Existing Facilities

40

Part 4 Design Process

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Overall Site

iverall Design Strategy

42

Site Part 2

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Site Part 2

Phrase 2

Phrase 3 44

Parts Final Drawings

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Plan Final Drawings

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Ground Floor Plain

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Sections Final Drawings

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Section AA - Linkage Between Rail and Community 47

Final Drawings

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Section 巳已-Transition From Walkway To Skating Park 48

Plan Final Drawings

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Section EE - Visual Linkage to Park Across Roads 49

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Section DD - Section Across Station 50

Final Drawings

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Section CC - Section Across Multi-Function Room 51

Plan Final Drawings

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Section FF - Elevation Along Rail And Walkways 52

Plan Final Drawings

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Section across Garden, Cafe, X-game Park

Section across Light Rail Corridor, Garden, Cafe, X-game Park

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Photos Final Drawings

Platform

‘Iatform Extension and Open Space

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Plan Final Drawings

Transition Space between Gycli门g Park and Light Rail Corrior

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Thesis Reference

1. Walking City, Hui Mei Ling Florence, 2001

2. The mode of tomorrow's station - Kennedy Town Station, Chan Sing Nam Leslie, 2000

3. Hong Kong Tramway, The spine, Reinterpret The Channel of Mobility. Mak Wing Lun Vivien,

1997

Book Reference

1. The Next American Metropolis, Peter Calthorpe, Princeton Architectural Press, 1993

2. Sustainable transport, Rodney Tolley, CRC Press, 2003

3. Recreation and Sport Planning and Design, Jim Daly, Human Kinetics, 1995

4. Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, NY: Random 1 louse, 1961

5. Stanford Anderson, On Streets, The MIT Press, 1986

6. Brian Richards, Future Transport in Cities, Spon Press, 2001

Internet Reference

1. http://www.railway-tcchnology.com/projccts/strasbourg/index.html

2. http://www.tramdev.clara.net/indcx.htm

3. http://www.snostras.com/ptram2.htm

4. http://www.cauc.de/winuwd/76.htm

Special thanks to:

Professor Kelly Chow for being my instructor;

Professor Leung Woo for her advise;

My Parents, Man Chik-Hung & Sum Hop Cheung;

Diana Lcc for her support.

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A R C H I T E C T I R E L 1 B R A R Y

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