arduino starter kit tutorial

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Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt), 07.09.2014

Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt) 1

Content

Programming............................................................................................................3

1. Sketch No.1: A flashing LED (blink)......................................................................3

2. Sketch No.2: Two flashing LEDs...........................................................................5

3. Sketch No.3: Sound and light...............................................................................6

4. Sketch No.4: A pulsating LED...............................................................................7

5. Sketch No.5: Switch a LED on by pressing a pushbutton.....................................8

6. Sketch No.6: Measure light intensity....................................................................9

7. Sketch No.7: Use a potentiometer to choose the flashing-speed of a LED........11

8. Sketch No.8: Movement detection......................................................................12

9. Sketch No.9: Temperature measurement...........................................................14

10. Sketch No.10: Measurement of distance..........................................................18

11. Sketch No.11: Usage of an infrared remote......................................................22

12. Sketch No.12: Control a servo..........................................................................26

13. Sketch No.13: Show a text on a LCD display...................................................27

14. Sketch No.14: Use a relais shield.....................................................................29


Programming

1. Sketch No.1: A flashing LED (blink)

Required equipment: Only the Arduino board and an USB-cable.

There is LED mounted on the arduino-board that is connected with the pin13. In this sketch we want

to vary the speed of blinking.

void setup()

{

pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{

digitalWrite(13, HIGH);

delay(1000);

digitalWrite(13, LOW);

delay(1000);

}

Here the setup begins

Pin 13 is a output. (Because the arduino-board has to put out a

voltage. In case of a connected sensor, the pin has to be declared

as an input.

Here the main sketch (loop) begins

Voltage (5V) high on pin 13

1000ms (1 second) delay

Voltage low on pin 13 (0 V)


Now the loop starts again.


Upload the sketch on the Board.

1.4 Extension of the Sketch

The LED has to flash faster by using a shorter delay

void setup()

{


}

void loop()

{


delay(200); // this is the shorter delay


delay(200); // this is the shorter delay

}


2. Sketch No.2: Two flashing LEDs

Required equipment: Arduino-board / two LEDs (blue) / two resistors 100 Ohm / breadboard / cables

void setup()

{

pinMode(7, OUTPUT);

pinMode(8,OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{


delay(1000);



delay(1000);


}

Pin 7 is an output.

Pin 8 is an output.

Here the main program begins



Voltage low on pin 7 (0V)



Voltage low on pin 8 (0V)

Now the loop starts again.


3. Sketch No.3: Sound and light

Required equipment: Arduino-board / 1x LED / 1x resistor 200 Ohm / 1x Piezo-speaker / breadboard /

cables

int LED=4;

int beep=5;

void setup()

{

pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);

pinMode(beep,OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{

digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);

digitalWrite(beep, HIGH);

delay(1000);

digitalWrite(LED, LOW);

digitalWrite(beep, LOW);

delay(1000);

}

The word LED is now 4

The word beep is now 5

Pin 4 (Pin LED) is an output.

Pin 5 (Pin Pieps) is an output.

Switch on the LED

Switch on the piezo-speaker

Wait one second

Switch off the LED

Switch off the piezo-speaker

Wait one second


4. Sketch No.4: A pulsating LED

Required equipment: Arduino-board / 1x LED / 1x resistor 200 Ohm / breadboard / some wires

int LED=9;

int brightness= 0;

int fadesteps= 5;

void setup()

{

pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{

analogWrite(LED, brightness);

brightness = brightness + fadesteps;

delay(25);

if (brightness == 0 || brightness ==

255)

{

The function analogWrite activates the PWM-function.

For more information search for PWM on the arduino.cc

webside or wikipedia.com


fadesteps = - fadesteps ;

}

}

5. Sketch No.5: Switch a LED on by pressing a pushbutton

A LED has to be switched on for five seconds after a pushbutton has been pressed.

Required equipment: Arduino / 1x LED (blue) / 1x resistor 100 Ohm / 1x resistor 1KOhm (1000 Ohm) /

breadboard / cable / 1x pushbutton

int LEDblue=6;

int pushbutton=7;

int buttonstate=0;

void setup()

{

pinMode(LEDblue, OUTPUT);

pinMode(pushbutton, INPUT); Now the mode has to be input, because


}

void loop()

{

buttonstate =digitalRead(pushbutton);

if (buttonstate == HIGH)

{

digitalWrite(LEDblue, HIGH);

delay (5000);

digitalWrite(LEDblue, LOW);

}

else

{

digitalWrite(LEDblue, LOW);

}

}

the Arduino-board checks the incoming

voltage on that pin.

If the buttonstate is high...

switch on the LED...

...for five seconds...

...and then switch off the LED

otherwise...

...the LED stays switched off.

6. Sketch No.6: Measure light intensity

If the light intensity is low (for example in the night), the LED gets switched on


int intensity= A0;

int LED = 10;

int sensorvalue = 0;

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode (LED, OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{

sensorvalue =analogRead(intensity);

Serial.print("sensorvalue = " );

Serial.println(sensorvalue);

if (sensorvalue > 512 )

{

digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);

}

else

{

digitalWrite(LED, LOW);

}

delay (50);

}

Activates the serial communication. Later it allowes to send

the measured value to the serial monitor.

analogRead(intensity) reads the voltage on pin A0 (analog

0). The value gets saved as a number between 0 and 1023 (0

to 5 volt)

Serial.print sends informations to the serial monitor.

If the value is above 512...

...the LED gets switched on...

...otherwise...

...it stays switched off.

Wait a little bit before the sketch starts again.


7. Sketch No.7: Use a potentiometer to choose the flashing-speed of a LED

int input= A0;

int LED = 13;

int sensorvalue = 0;

void setup()

{

pinMode (LED, OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{

sensorvalue =analogRead(input);

digitalWrite (LED, HIGH);

delay (sensorvalue);

digitalWrite (LED, LOW);

delay (sensorvalue);

}

The voltage on the potentiometer-pin (in the middle) is in the

range 0 volt to 5 volt. The Arduino-board will save it as a

number between 0 and 1023.

That value gets used by the delay. The number is now the

delay-time in milliseconds.


8. Sketch No.8: Movement detection

A piezo-speaker has to make a noise if a movement gets detected.

Left side: time of output in case of a

detected movement.

Right side: sensibility

1) Jumper outside: in case of a detected

movement, the output signal (5 volt)

holds for some time.

2) Jumper inside (picture): the output

signal is only active while a movement is

detected.


int piezo=5;

int movement=7;

int movestatus=0;

void setup()

{

pinMode(piezo, OUTPUT);

pinMode(movement, INPUT);

}

void loop()

{

movestatus =digitalRead(movement);

if (movestatus == HIGH)

{

digitalWrite(piezo, HIGH);

delay(5000);

digitalWrite(piezo, LOW);

Piezo-speaker on pin5

Movementsensor on pin7

Value for detected movement

Read the status of movement

If the voltage on the movement input-pin is high, the

piezo-speaker will make a noise.


}

else

{

digitalWrite(piezo, LOW);

}

}

.otherwise...

...the speaker is quiet.

9. Sketch No.9: Temperature measurement

We want to read the temperature with theTMP36 sensor. The temperature should be shown on the

serial-monitor

Required equipment: Arduino / breadboard / jumper-wire / temperaturesensor TMP36 / external

power-supply

The sensor has three terminals. 5V, GND, and the pin for the temperature signal. On this pin, the

sensor puts out a voltage between 0 and 2.0 volts.

0V = -50 C and 2.0V = 150 C.

The voltage on this pin must be read by the microcontroller board and then it hast to be converted

into a temperature value.

- CAUTION: If the sensor is connected incorrectly it gets destroyed.

- Use a external power supply for more sensor accuracy (as possible 9V battery).


int TMP36 = A0;

int temperature = 0;

int temp[10];

int time= 20;

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop() {

temp[1] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);

delay(time);

The pin in the middle (signal) is connected

to analog pin A0.

Value for the temperature.

temp[10] creates ten values with the

names temp[1], temp[2], temp[3] and so

on...

The value time is for the delay between

two measurements.

Starts the serial communication. It will

send the informations from the Arduino-

board to the computer to show it there in

the serial monitor.

You can start the serial monitor in the

arduino-software with a click on settings

and serial monitor.

From here, the temperature gets measured

ten times. In the same line, the measured



delay(time);


delay(time);


delay(time);


delay(time);


delay(time);


delay(time);


delay(time);


delay(time);


temperature=(temp[1]+temp[2]+temp[3]+temp[4]+te

mp[5]+temp[6]+temp[7]+temp[8]+temp[9]+temp[10])/

10; // everything in one line!!!!

Serial.print(temperatur);

Serial.println(" degree");

}

voltage gets transformed in a number

between -50 and 150. The function is called

map.

The ten temperatures get added and

divided with ten, to get a average

temperature

The average temperature from the ten

measurements gets send to the serial-

monitor

9.1 Extension of the sketch:

If the temperature reaches 30C , a noise from the piezo-speaker appears.

int TMP36 = A0;

int temperature = 0;

int temp[10];

int time= 20;

int piezo=5;

void setup() {

Piezo-speaker on pin5.


Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode (piezo, OUTPUT);

}

void loop() {


delay(time);


.


delay(time);


temperature=(temp[1]+temp[2]+temp[3]+temp[4]+temp[

5]

+temp[6]+temp[7]+temp[8]+temp[9]+temp[10])/10; // all

in one line

Serial.print(temperatur);

Serial.println(" Grad Celsius");

if (temperatur>=30)

{

digitalWrite(piezo,HIGH);

}

else

{

digitalWrite(piezo,LOW);

}

}

Pin5 is an output.

If the temperature is above 30C

the piezo gives a sound

or...

...it is quiet


10. Sketch No.10: Measurement of distance

We want to measure the distance with the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor.

How does the ultrasonic sensor work?

The sensor has four pins.

a) 5V (+) b) GND (-) c) echo d) trigger

The connections 5V and GND are for the power supply. The Pin "trigger" gets a short signal (5V), and

creates a sound wave. As soon as the sound wave hits a wall or other objects, it will be reflected and

comes back to the ultrasonic sensor. When the sensor detects this returned sound wave, the sensor

sends a signal to the Arduino microcontroller by the "echo" pin. The Arduino-board measures the

time between the transmission and the return of the sound wave, and converts this time into a

distance.

Required equipment: microcontroller board / cable / breadboard / HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor


int trigger=7;

int echo=6;

long time=0;

long dist=0;

void setup()

{

Serial.begin (9600);

pinMode(trigger, OUTPUT);

pinMode(echo, INPUT);

}

void loop()

{

digitalWrite(trigger, LOW);

delay(5);

digitalWrite(trigger, HIGH);

delay(10);


dauer = pulseIn(echo, HIGH);

dist = (time/2) / 29.1;

if ( dist >= 500 || dist

Serial.println("No

measurement");

}

else

{

Serial.print(dist);

Serial.println(" cm");

}

delay(1000);

}

No measurement

otherwise...

the calculated distance gets send to the serial-monitor

This command causes a short break between the

measurements.


10.1 Extension of the sketch

If the distance is less than 80cm, a sound from the piezo-speaker should appear.

int trigger=12;

int echo=13;

long dauer=0;

long entfernung=0;

int piezo=5;

void setup()

{

Serial.begin (9600);

pinMode(trigger, OUTPUT);

pinMode(echo, INPUT);

pinMode(piezo, OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{


delay(5);

digitalWrite(trigger, HIGH);

delay(10);


dauer = pulseIn(echo, HIGH);

entfernung = (dauer/2) / 29.1;

if (entfernung >= 500 ||

entfernung

Serial.print(entfernung);

Serial.println(" cm");

}

if (entfernung

The sketch is a variation of the sketch IRrecvDemo, and can be downloaded on the following link:

https://github.com/shirriff/Arduino-IRremote

You can download the zip-package and copy the folder into your libraries directory in the arduino-

software. Rename the folder to "Irremote".

Now you can open the sketch in the sample-files in the arduino-software:

File -> Examples -> IRremote -> IRrecvDemo

Now we edit the sketch to this sketch:

/*

* IRremote: IRrecvDemo - demonstrates

receiving IR codes with IRrecv

* An IR detector/demodulator must be

connected to the input RECV_PIN.

* Version 0.1 July, 2009

* Copyright 2009 Ken Shirriff

* http://arcfn.com

*/

#include

int RECV_PIN = 11;

IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);

decode_results results;

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode (13, OUTPUT);

irrecv.enableIRIn();

}

void loop()

{

if (irrecv.decode(&results)) {

Serial.println(results.value, DEC);

irrecv.resume();

The signal-pin from the IR-Receiver is

connected to pin 11


}

}

Pressing the "1" key on the infrared remote control causes (in my case) the serial-monitor writes the

number "16724175". This is the decrypted number code behind this button.

When you press the button permanently, the number "4294967295" appears. This is the code that

indicates that a key is pressed continuously. This number does not depend on which key is pressed.

There can also appear other numbers if a key is pressed only very short or pulsating. In the case the

sensor may not read unique value.

Extension of the sketch:

Switch on a LED by pressing button1 and switch it off with button2.

#include

int RECV_PIN = 11;

IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);

decode_results results;

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode (13, OUTPUT);


irrecv.enableIRIn();

}

void loop() {

if (irrecv.decode(&results)) {

Serial.println(results.value, DEC);

if (results.value == 16724175)

{digitalWrite (13, HIGH);}

if (results.value == 16718055)

{digitalWrite (13, LOW);}

On pin13 is a LED (output)

It starts with a switched off LED.

If the IR-receiver receives the number 16724175

(button1), the LED gets switched on.

If the IR-receiver receives the number 16718055

(button2), the LED gets switched off.


irrecv.resume(); // Receive the next value

}

}

12. Sketch No.12: Control a servo

A servo has to turn to three different positions. Between the movements is a short break.

Required equipment: A microcontroller board, a servo, three jumper wire

#include

Servo servoblue;

void setup()

{

servoblue.attach(8);

}

Include the servo library

the servo gets the name servoblue

The signal-line of the servo is on pin8


void loop()

{

servoblue.write(0);

delay(3000);

servoblue.write(90);

delay(3000);


delay(3000);


delay(3000);

}

Position1 with an angle of 0

break for 3 seconds


break for 3 seconds


break for 3 seconds


break for 3 seconds

13. Sketch No.13: Show a text on a LCD display

Required equipment: Arduino-board, potentiometer, some jumper wire , breadboard

Note: The potentiometer is needed to adjust the contrast.

A good cabling is very important, solder the cable to the LCD.


#include

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 6, 5, 4, 3);

void setup() {

lcd.begin(16, 2);

}

void loop() {

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("www.funduino.de");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

Load the LCD-library

This LCD has 16 signs in two rows.

Startposition of the cursor on the LCD (0,0 = first

character in the first row) .

Write the text www.funduino.de.

Startposition of the cursor on the LCD (0,0 = first

character in the second row) .


lcd.print("good luck!!!");

}

Write the text good luck!!!.

14. Sketch No.14: Use a relais shield

A relays is a switch, that can be activated with a low current from the

Arduino-board. So you can switch on and off electrical things, that need

much more power than a Arduino-board can provide.

The relays need a permanent power supply with 5V+ and (Top of the

picture). On the Signal-pin, the switch can be activated by the Arduino-

board. Dependent of the manufacturer, there has to be a LOW or HIGH

signal from the arduino output-pin.

On the terminal A, B and C you can connect the cables from the electrical

thing, you want to switch on and off.

The relays connects the terminals A and B while the relays is switched off and when it is activated, it

connects the terminals A and C.

For testing purpose, you can use the blink-sketch. Instead of the LED, you connect the output-pin

from the Arduino-board with the signal-pin from the relay. With that sketch, the relays will switch on

and off in a 1 second rhythm.

void setup()

{


}

void loop()

{


delay(1000);


delay(1000);

}

This tutorial is under construc7on. There will be more tutorials soon www.funduino.de.


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