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Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt), 07.09.2014
Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt) 1
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Content
Programming............................................................................................................3
1. Sketch No.1: A flashing LED (blink)......................................................................3
2. Sketch No.2: Two flashing LEDs...........................................................................5
3. Sketch No.3: Sound and light...............................................................................6
4. Sketch No.4: A pulsating LED...............................................................................7
5. Sketch No.5: Switch a LED on by pressing a pushbutton.....................................8
6. Sketch No.6: Measure light intensity....................................................................9
7. Sketch No.7: Use a potentiometer to choose the flashing-speed of a LED........11
8. Sketch No.8: Movement detection......................................................................12
9. Sketch No.9: Temperature measurement...........................................................14
10. Sketch No.10: Measurement of distance..........................................................18
11. Sketch No.11: Usage of an infrared remote......................................................22
12. Sketch No.12: Control a servo..........................................................................26
13. Sketch No.13: Show a text on a LCD display...................................................27
14. Sketch No.14: Use a relais shield.....................................................................29
Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt) 2
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Programming
1. Sketch No.1: A flashing LED (blink)
Required equipment: Only the Arduino board and an USB-cable.
There is LED mounted on the arduino-board that is connected with the pin13. In this sketch we want
to vary the speed of blinking.
void setup()
{
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
delay(1000);
}
Here the setup begins
Pin 13 is a output. (Because the arduino-board has to put out a
voltage. In case of a connected sensor, the pin has to be declared
as an input.
Here the main sketch (loop) begins
Voltage (5V) high on pin 13
1000ms (1 second) delay
Voltage low on pin 13 (0 V)
1000ms (1 second) delay
Now the loop starts again.
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Upload the sketch on the Board.
1.4 Extension of the Sketch
The LED has to flash faster by using a shorter delay
void setup()
{
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
delay(200); // this is the shorter delay
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
delay(200); // this is the shorter delay
}
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2. Sketch No.2: Two flashing LEDs
Required equipment: Arduino-board / two LEDs (blue) / two resistors 100 Ohm / breadboard / cables
void setup()
{
pinMode(7, OUTPUT);
pinMode(8,OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(7, LOW);
digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(8, LOW);
}
Pin 7 is an output.
Pin 8 is an output.
Here the main program begins
Voltage (5V) high on pin 7
1000ms (1 second) delay
Voltage low on pin 7 (0V)
Voltage (5V) high on pin 8
1000ms (1 second) delay
Voltage low on pin 8 (0V)
Now the loop starts again.
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3. Sketch No.3: Sound and light
Required equipment: Arduino-board / 1x LED / 1x resistor 200 Ohm / 1x Piezo-speaker / breadboard /
cables
int LED=4;
int beep=5;
void setup()
{
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
pinMode(beep,OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
digitalWrite(beep, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
digitalWrite(beep, LOW);
delay(1000);
}
The word LED is now 4
The word beep is now 5
Pin 4 (Pin LED) is an output.
Pin 5 (Pin Pieps) is an output.
Switch on the LED
Switch on the piezo-speaker
Wait one second
Switch off the LED
Switch off the piezo-speaker
Wait one second
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4. Sketch No.4: A pulsating LED
Required equipment: Arduino-board / 1x LED / 1x resistor 200 Ohm / breadboard / some wires
int LED=9;
int brightness= 0;
int fadesteps= 5;
void setup()
{
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
analogWrite(LED, brightness);
brightness = brightness + fadesteps;
delay(25);
if (brightness == 0 || brightness ==
255)
{
The function analogWrite activates the PWM-function.
For more information search for PWM on the arduino.cc
webside or wikipedia.com
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fadesteps = - fadesteps ;
}
}
5. Sketch No.5: Switch a LED on by pressing a pushbutton
A LED has to be switched on for five seconds after a pushbutton has been pressed.
Required equipment: Arduino / 1x LED (blue) / 1x resistor 100 Ohm / 1x resistor 1KOhm (1000 Ohm) /
breadboard / cable / 1x pushbutton
int LEDblue=6;
int pushbutton=7;
int buttonstate=0;
void setup()
{
pinMode(LEDblue, OUTPUT);
pinMode(pushbutton, INPUT); Now the mode has to be input, because
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}
void loop()
{
buttonstate =digitalRead(pushbutton);
if (buttonstate == HIGH)
{
digitalWrite(LEDblue, HIGH);
delay (5000);
digitalWrite(LEDblue, LOW);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(LEDblue, LOW);
}
}
the Arduino-board checks the incoming
voltage on that pin.
If the buttonstate is high...
switch on the LED...
...for five seconds...
...and then switch off the LED
otherwise...
...the LED stays switched off.
6. Sketch No.6: Measure light intensity
If the light intensity is low (for example in the night), the LED gets switched on
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int intensity= A0;
int LED = 10;
int sensorvalue = 0;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode (LED, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
sensorvalue =analogRead(intensity);
Serial.print("sensorvalue = " );
Serial.println(sensorvalue);
if (sensorvalue > 512 )
{
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
}
delay (50);
}
Activates the serial communication. Later it allowes to send
the measured value to the serial monitor.
analogRead(intensity) reads the voltage on pin A0 (analog
0). The value gets saved as a number between 0 and 1023 (0
to 5 volt)
Serial.print sends informations to the serial monitor.
If the value is above 512...
...the LED gets switched on...
...otherwise...
...it stays switched off.
Wait a little bit before the sketch starts again.
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7. Sketch No.7: Use a potentiometer to choose the flashing-speed of a LED
int input= A0;
int LED = 13;
int sensorvalue = 0;
void setup()
{
pinMode (LED, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
sensorvalue =analogRead(input);
digitalWrite (LED, HIGH);
delay (sensorvalue);
digitalWrite (LED, LOW);
delay (sensorvalue);
}
The voltage on the potentiometer-pin (in the middle) is in the
range 0 volt to 5 volt. The Arduino-board will save it as a
number between 0 and 1023.
That value gets used by the delay. The number is now the
delay-time in milliseconds.
Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt) 11
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8. Sketch No.8: Movement detection
A piezo-speaker has to make a noise if a movement gets detected.
Left side: time of output in case of a
detected movement.
Right side: sensibility
1) Jumper outside: in case of a detected
movement, the output signal (5 volt)
holds for some time.
2) Jumper inside (picture): the output
signal is only active while a movement is
detected.
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int piezo=5;
int movement=7;
int movestatus=0;
void setup()
{
pinMode(piezo, OUTPUT);
pinMode(movement, INPUT);
}
void loop()
{
movestatus =digitalRead(movement);
if (movestatus == HIGH)
{
digitalWrite(piezo, HIGH);
delay(5000);
digitalWrite(piezo, LOW);
Piezo-speaker on pin5
Movementsensor on pin7
Value for detected movement
Read the status of movement
If the voltage on the movement input-pin is high, the
piezo-speaker will make a noise.
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}
else
{
digitalWrite(piezo, LOW);
}
}
.otherwise...
...the speaker is quiet.
9. Sketch No.9: Temperature measurement
We want to read the temperature with theTMP36 sensor. The temperature should be shown on the
serial-monitor
Required equipment: Arduino / breadboard / jumper-wire / temperaturesensor TMP36 / external
power-supply
The sensor has three terminals. 5V, GND, and the pin for the temperature signal. On this pin, the
sensor puts out a voltage between 0 and 2.0 volts.
0V = -50 C and 2.0V = 150 C.
The voltage on this pin must be read by the microcontroller board and then it hast to be converted
into a temperature value.
- CAUTION: If the sensor is connected incorrectly it gets destroyed.
- Use a external power supply for more sensor accuracy (as possible 9V battery).
Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt) 14
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int TMP36 = A0;
int temperature = 0;
int temp[10];
int time= 20;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
temp[1] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);
delay(time);
The pin in the middle (signal) is connected
to analog pin A0.
Value for the temperature.
temp[10] creates ten values with the
names temp[1], temp[2], temp[3] and so
on...
The value time is for the delay between
two measurements.
Starts the serial communication. It will
send the informations from the Arduino-
board to the computer to show it there in
the serial monitor.
You can start the serial monitor in the
arduino-software with a click on settings
and serial monitor.
From here, the temperature gets measured
ten times. In the same line, the measured
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temp[2] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);
delay(time);
temp[3] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);
delay(time);
temp[4] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);
delay(time);
temp[5] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);
delay(time);
temp[6] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);
delay(time);
temp[7] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);
delay(time);
temp[8] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);
delay(time);
temp[9] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);
delay(time);
temp[10] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);
temperature=(temp[1]+temp[2]+temp[3]+temp[4]+te
mp[5]+temp[6]+temp[7]+temp[8]+temp[9]+temp[10])/
10; // everything in one line!!!!
Serial.print(temperatur);
Serial.println(" degree");
}
voltage gets transformed in a number
between -50 and 150. The function is called
map.
The ten temperatures get added and
divided with ten, to get a average
temperature
The average temperature from the ten
measurements gets send to the serial-
monitor
9.1 Extension of the sketch:
If the temperature reaches 30C , a noise from the piezo-speaker appears.
int TMP36 = A0;
int temperature = 0;
int temp[10];
int time= 20;
int piezo=5;
void setup() {
Piezo-speaker on pin5.
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Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode (piezo, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
temp[1] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);
delay(time);
temp[2] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);
.
temp[9] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);
delay(time);
temp[10] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);
temperature=(temp[1]+temp[2]+temp[3]+temp[4]+temp[
5]
+temp[6]+temp[7]+temp[8]+temp[9]+temp[10])/10; // all
in one line
Serial.print(temperatur);
Serial.println(" Grad Celsius");
if (temperatur>=30)
{
digitalWrite(piezo,HIGH);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(piezo,LOW);
}
}
Pin5 is an output.
If the temperature is above 30C
the piezo gives a sound
or...
...it is quiet
Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt) 17
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10. Sketch No.10: Measurement of distance
We want to measure the distance with the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor.
How does the ultrasonic sensor work?
The sensor has four pins.
a) 5V (+) b) GND (-) c) echo d) trigger
The connections 5V and GND are for the power supply. The Pin "trigger" gets a short signal (5V), and
creates a sound wave. As soon as the sound wave hits a wall or other objects, it will be reflected and
comes back to the ultrasonic sensor. When the sensor detects this returned sound wave, the sensor
sends a signal to the Arduino microcontroller by the "echo" pin. The Arduino-board measures the
time between the transmission and the return of the sound wave, and converts this time into a
distance.
Required equipment: microcontroller board / cable / breadboard / HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor
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int trigger=7;
int echo=6;
long time=0;
long dist=0;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin (9600);
pinMode(trigger, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echo, INPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(trigger, LOW);
delay(5);
digitalWrite(trigger, HIGH);
delay(10);
digitalWrite(trigger, LOW);
dauer = pulseIn(echo, HIGH);
dist = (time/2) / 29.1;
if ( dist >= 500 || dist
-
Serial.println("No
measurement");
}
else
{
Serial.print(dist);
Serial.println(" cm");
}
delay(1000);
}
No measurement
otherwise...
the calculated distance gets send to the serial-monitor
This command causes a short break between the
measurements.
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10.1 Extension of the sketch
If the distance is less than 80cm, a sound from the piezo-speaker should appear.
int trigger=12;
int echo=13;
long dauer=0;
long entfernung=0;
int piezo=5;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin (9600);
pinMode(trigger, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echo, INPUT);
pinMode(piezo, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(trigger, LOW);
delay(5);
digitalWrite(trigger, HIGH);
delay(10);
digitalWrite(trigger, LOW);
dauer = pulseIn(echo, HIGH);
entfernung = (dauer/2) / 29.1;
if (entfernung >= 500 ||
entfernung
-
Serial.print(entfernung);
Serial.println(" cm");
}
if (entfernung
-
Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt) 23
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The sketch is a variation of the sketch IRrecvDemo, and can be downloaded on the following link:
https://github.com/shirriff/Arduino-IRremote
You can download the zip-package and copy the folder into your libraries directory in the arduino-
software. Rename the folder to "Irremote".
Now you can open the sketch in the sample-files in the arduino-software:
File -> Examples -> IRremote -> IRrecvDemo
Now we edit the sketch to this sketch:
/*
* IRremote: IRrecvDemo - demonstrates
receiving IR codes with IRrecv
* An IR detector/demodulator must be
connected to the input RECV_PIN.
* Version 0.1 July, 2009
* Copyright 2009 Ken Shirriff
* http://arcfn.com
*/
#include
int RECV_PIN = 11;
IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);
decode_results results;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode (13, OUTPUT);
irrecv.enableIRIn();
}
void loop()
{
if (irrecv.decode(&results)) {
Serial.println(results.value, DEC);
irrecv.resume();
The signal-pin from the IR-Receiver is
connected to pin 11
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}
}
Pressing the "1" key on the infrared remote control causes (in my case) the serial-monitor writes the
number "16724175". This is the decrypted number code behind this button.
When you press the button permanently, the number "4294967295" appears. This is the code that
indicates that a key is pressed continuously. This number does not depend on which key is pressed.
There can also appear other numbers if a key is pressed only very short or pulsating. In the case the
sensor may not read unique value.
Extension of the sketch:
Switch on a LED by pressing button1 and switch it off with button2.
#include
int RECV_PIN = 11;
IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);
decode_results results;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode (13, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
irrecv.enableIRIn();
}
void loop() {
if (irrecv.decode(&results)) {
Serial.println(results.value, DEC);
if (results.value == 16724175)
{digitalWrite (13, HIGH);}
if (results.value == 16718055)
{digitalWrite (13, LOW);}
On pin13 is a LED (output)
It starts with a switched off LED.
If the IR-receiver receives the number 16724175
(button1), the LED gets switched on.
If the IR-receiver receives the number 16718055
(button2), the LED gets switched off.
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irrecv.resume(); // Receive the next value
}
}
12. Sketch No.12: Control a servo
A servo has to turn to three different positions. Between the movements is a short break.
Required equipment: A microcontroller board, a servo, three jumper wire
#include
Servo servoblue;
void setup()
{
servoblue.attach(8);
}
Include the servo library
the servo gets the name servoblue
The signal-line of the servo is on pin8
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void loop()
{
servoblue.write(0);
delay(3000);
servoblue.write(90);
delay(3000);
servoblue.write(180);
delay(3000);
servoblue.write(20);
delay(3000);
}
Position1 with an angle of 0
break for 3 seconds
Position2 with an angle of 90
break for 3 seconds
Position3 with an angle of 180
break for 3 seconds
Position4 with an angle of 0
break for 3 seconds
13. Sketch No.13: Show a text on a LCD display
Required equipment: Arduino-board, potentiometer, some jumper wire , breadboard
Note: The potentiometer is needed to adjust the contrast.
A good cabling is very important, solder the cable to the LCD.
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#include
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 6, 5, 4, 3);
void setup() {
lcd.begin(16, 2);
}
void loop() {
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("www.funduino.de");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
Load the LCD-library
This LCD has 16 signs in two rows.
Startposition of the cursor on the LCD (0,0 = first
character in the first row) .
Write the text www.funduino.de.
Startposition of the cursor on the LCD (0,0 = first
character in the second row) .
Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt) 28
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lcd.print("good luck!!!");
}
Write the text good luck!!!.
14. Sketch No.14: Use a relais shield
A relays is a switch, that can be activated with a low current from the
Arduino-board. So you can switch on and off electrical things, that need
much more power than a Arduino-board can provide.
The relays need a permanent power supply with 5V+ and (Top of the
picture). On the Signal-pin, the switch can be activated by the Arduino-
board. Dependent of the manufacturer, there has to be a LOW or HIGH
signal from the arduino output-pin.
On the terminal A, B and C you can connect the cables from the electrical
thing, you want to switch on and off.
The relays connects the terminals A and B while the relays is switched off and when it is activated, it
connects the terminals A and C.
For testing purpose, you can use the blink-sketch. Instead of the LED, you connect the output-pin
from the Arduino-board with the signal-pin from the relay. With that sketch, the relays will switch on
and off in a 1 second rhythm.
void setup()
{
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
delay(1000);
}
This tutorial is under construc7on. There will be more tutorials soon www.funduino.de.
Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt) 29